CN111802150A - Method for improving quality of Jianyang tangelo - Google Patents
Method for improving quality of Jianyang tangelo Download PDFInfo
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- CN111802150A CN111802150A CN202010456876.2A CN202010456876A CN111802150A CN 111802150 A CN111802150 A CN 111802150A CN 202010456876 A CN202010456876 A CN 202010456876A CN 111802150 A CN111802150 A CN 111802150A
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- orange
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention provides a quality improvement method of Jianyang tangelo, which takes trifoliate orange as a basal stock and Wuyi orange as an intermediate stock to graft Jianyang tangelo; or grafting the Jianyang orange ear strips on the poncirus trifoliata and Wuyi oranges for top grafting and seed changing. The Jianyang tangelo grown by the improvement method provided by the invention has the advantages that the appearance, the color, the shape, the size, the meat quality and the storage resistance of the fruit are obviously improved, and the growth vigor and the resistance of the tree body are also very excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a method for improving the quality of Jianyang tangelo.
Background
The Jianyang tangelo is a new quality of hybrid citrus which is preferably and propagated from the bud mutation of the sweet spring tangelo. Approved by non-main crop quality approval committee of Fujian province in 1 month 2003, and Jianyang tangelo has the advantages of fresh and sweet meat, good taste, strong cold resistance, good disease resistance, 12.5-13% of soluble solid and about 0.68% of titratable acid; almost does not generate scab and ulcer, and has stronger cold resistance than wenzhou mandarin orange. The biological characteristics are small arbor type, upright tree vigor, larger tree form, strong branching force, thick branches, vigorous branch tips and strong top end advantages.
In order to control vigorous growth and dwarfing of tree bodies, the bitter orange is always adopted as a stock for seedling propagation of the citrus grandis for a long time because the citrus grandis stock has the advantages of dwarfing, cold resistance and strong adaptability, but the citrus grandis produced by the citrus grandis stock has great defects in quality: coarse oil cells, coarse peel, poor color conversion, yellowish and not bright fruit color, obvious fruit stem mastoid, and irregular fruit shape, and the large-peel citrus grandis are easy to granulate and lose water, which limits the improvement of quality and price of citrus grandis. None of the methods of soil fertility regulation have solved the above problems for thirty years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the quality of Jianyang tangelo, which radically improves the quality of Jianyang tangelo fruits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the quality improvement method of the Jianyang tangelo comprises the following steps:
a quality improvement method of Citrus grandis comprises scion grafting Citrus grandis with fructus Aurantii Immaturus as stock and fructus Magnoliae orange as intermediate stock; or grafting the Jianyang orange ear strips on the poncirus trifoliata and Wuyi oranges for top grafting and seed changing.
Further, the method for establishing the citrus grandis scion by using the trifoliate orange as the basal stock and the Wuyi orange as the middle stock specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating the immature bitter rootstock in the first year: sufficient base fertilizer is applied to the seedling surrounding land at one time in spring, ridging and land preparation are carried out until the seedling surrounding land is thin, the furrow width is 0.9-1.1m, the height is 25-35cm, small bitter orange seedlings with the height of more than 10cm are planted after mulching films are covered, the planting row spacing is 13-16cm, the small row spacing is 20-30cm, and about 1 ten thousand of small seedlings are planted per mu; applying water and fertilizer once every 15-20 days, erasing lateral buds, keeping the growth advantage of terminal buds, and preventing drought in summer; in 9 months, the thickness of the hovenia dulcis anvil is more than 0.5cm, the hovenia dulcis anvil is taken as a base anvil, and the Wuyi orange scions are grafted on the hovenia dulcis anvil, so that the survival rate is more than 95 percent;
(2) and in the second year, cultivating the Wuyi orange seedlings: cutting stocks at 1.5-2.5cm above the grafted bud of the Wuyi oranges in 2 months in the next year, promoting the germination of the scions, keeping the top bud growth advantage of the germinated Wuyi oranges, well performing pest control, applying water and fertilizer once every 18-23 days, reaching the thickness of the Wuyi orange interstock of more than 0.7cm when the autumn comes, grafting the Jianyang citrus grandis scions at the position of 5-10cm of the interstock height, and reaching the survival rate of more than 95%;
(3) and in the third year, cultivating the citrus grandis seedlings: and in 2 months in the third year, pruning at a position 1.5-2.5cm above the grafted Citrus paradisi Blanco bud to promote scion germination, keeping the apical bud growth advantage of the germinated Citrus paradisi Blanco, well performing pest control, applying water and fertilizer every 18-23 days, and taking the Citrus paradisi Blanco as a first-class commercial seedling after the Citrus paradisi Blanco grows to be more than 100cm in height and more than 0.8cm in thickness in one year.
Preferably, the base fertilizer applied in the step (1) is: 2000 kg of biological bacteria organic fertilizer and 500 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used per mu.
In another embodiment, the method for improving the quality of the Jianyang tangelo comprises the following steps of grafting the Jianyang tangelo scions to the Zhi stock and Wu Yi orange for top grafting and seed changing:
(1) firstly, planting Zhi stock Wuyi orange seedlings in an orchard, grafting kuang orange scions on the Zhi stock Wuyi orange seedlings after the Zhi stock Wuyi orange seedlings grow for 2 years, and performing top grafting and seed changing; the high grafting position is on the second-level branch or the third-level branch, the branch thickness is 0.8-1.5cm, the branch height is 0.8-1.0m from the ground, a Jianyang citrus grandis scion is grafted at the branch point of 8-10cm, 5-7 buds are grafted on each plant, and buds are grafted in autumn;
(2) and (4) management after connection: firstly, in spring, the supplementary grafting adopts the cutting grafting to ensure the success of grafting; secondly, cutting the stock at a position 1.5-2.5cm away from the front end of the scion 20 days before the scion sprouts to ensure the growth advantage of scion buds; thirdly, strong branches competing with scions are cut off, and a small number of branches at the lower part of the inner chamber are reserved as auxiliary culture branches; and fourthly, picking up the buds when the scion bud germinates to 2-3cm, forcing the scion bud to grow more than two spring shoots, which is the key and the best method for increasing the base number of the branch. Only two spring shoots are reserved on one grafting bud; when spring shoots grow to 20-30cm, pinching is kept for 10-20cm, and aging is promoted to promote summer shoots; the bud picking is carried out for a plurality of times on the summer shoots, the shoots are put when more than two summer shoots are arranged on more than 80% of spring shoots on one tree, 30cm pinching is left when the summer shoots grow to 40cm to promote the autumn shoots, the buds are picked for a plurality of times on the autumn shoots, and the shoots are put when more than two autumn shoots are arranged on more than 80% of the whole tree, so that the number of the autumn shoots can reach 40-60 through one-year management.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly embodied as follows:
the method adopts the trifoliate orange as a base stock and the Wuyi orange as an intermediate stock, and the Jianyang tangelo is grafted on the Wuyi orange, or the trifoliate orange is grafted on the Wuyi orange to perform top grafting and seed changing. Wuyi orange has good cold resistance, which is equivalent to that of Jianyang tangelo, and the risk of freezing injury is reduced to the maximum extent. After the year of 2018, the Chinese era is not frozen at the low temperature of-5 ℃ before and after 5 days of Yuanyue, and the Jianyang local ponkan orange and navel orange all show the freezing injury of grade 4.
The quality of the Jianyang tangelo fruit is fundamentally improved. The improvement is embodied in the following aspects:
1. on the appearance of the fruit, the peel has tiny oil cells, no deep concave fruit points, and very fine and smooth peel without roughness. The peel is golden and bright, has the advantages of waxing, attractive appearance, thinner peel and easy peeling.
2. The fruit shape is oblate, the fruit shape index is about 0.86, only about 5.3 percent of the fruit is spherical fruit, and the fruit has no calabash fruit. The fruit has moderate and uniform size, no large fruits with thick peel and small fruits, less than 180 g of fruits with a rate of 5.5 percent, 180 and 220 with a rate of 86.7 percent, 220 and 250 with a rate of 7.8 percent and no fruits with more than 250 g.
3. On the fruit flesh, the capsule coat is thin, the fiber is less, and the edible rate reaches 92%. The juice is rich, the juice yield is as high as 48.6 percent, which is almost the same as the juice extracted variety Hamlin orange (about 50 percent). The citrus grandis has the advantages of fresh, sweet and tasty flavor of oranges and particularly has superior flavor.
4. The product is long-lasting in storage, can be stored for two months, and does not cause granulation, dehydration and deterioration.
5. The selling price of the fruit is more than 2 yuan per kilogram than that of the original citrus grandis with the effect of building yang, and the profit per mu is improved by more than 5000 yuan. If the method is popularized for two to ten thousand mu, the profit can be increased by one hundred million years (the area of the citrus grandis planted in the yang-establishing area in Nanping city is about 4 to ten thousand mu), and the economic benefit is extremely high.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples, and that any variations and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
In the invention, all parts and percentages are weight units, and all equipment, raw materials and the like can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the industry, if not specified. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The quality improvement method of the Jianyang tangelo, which takes the trifoliate orange as a basal stock and the Wuyi orange as an intermediate stock and is used for grafting the Jianyang tangelo, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating the immature bitter rootstock in the first year: sufficient base fertilizer (2000 kg of biological bacteria organic fertilizer and 500 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied per mu) is applied to the seedling surrounding land in spring at one time. Ridging and preparing the soil to be fine, wherein the width of a furrow is 1m, the height of the furrow is 30cm, and after mulching films are covered, small bitter orange seedlings with the height of more than 10cm are planted, the planting row spacing is 15cm, the small row spacing is 25cm, and about 1 ten thousand of seedlings are planted per mu; applying water and fertilizer once every 15-20 days, erasing lateral buds, keeping the growth advantage of terminal buds, and preventing drought in summer; in 9 months, the thickness of the hovenia dulcis anvil is more than 0.5cm, the hovenia dulcis anvil is taken as a base anvil, and the Wuyi orange scions are grafted on the hovenia dulcis anvil, so that the survival rate is more than 95 percent;
(2) and in the second year, cultivating the Wuyi orange seedlings: cutting stocks 2cm above grafted Wuyi orange buds in 2 months in the next year to promote scion germination, keeping the top bud growth advantage of the germinated Wuyi oranges, well performing pest control, applying water and fertilizer once every 20 days, grafting Jianyang citrus grandis scion strips at the height of 5-10cm of the stocks in autumn, wherein the thickness of the stocks of the Wuyi oranges should reach more than 0.7cm, and the survival rate reaches more than 95%;
(3) and in the third year, cultivating the citrus grandis seedlings: and in 2 months in the third year, pruning at a position 2cm above the grafted Citrus grandis bud to promote scion germination, keeping the apical bud growth advantage of the germinated Citrus grandis, well performing pest control, applying water and fertilizer every 20 days, and taking the Citrus grandis as a first-grade commercial seedling after the Citrus grandis grows for more than 100cm and more than 0.8cm in height in one year.
Example 2
The quality improvement method of the Jianyang tangelo adopts the trifoliate orange, Wuyi orange, to graft Jianyang tangelo scions for high grafting and seed changing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, planting Zhi stock Wuyi orange seedlings in an orchard, grafting kuang orange scions on the Zhi stock Wuyi orange seedlings after the Zhi stock Wuyi orange seedlings grow for 2 years, and performing top grafting and seed changing; the high grafting position is on the second-level branch or the third-level branch, the branch thickness is 0.8-1.5cm, the branch height is 0.8-1.0m from the ground, a Jianyang citrus grandis scion is grafted at the branch point of 8-10cm, 5-7 buds are grafted on each plant, and buds are grafted in autumn;
(2) and (4) management after connection: firstly, in spring, the supplementary grafting adopts the cutting grafting to ensure the success of grafting; secondly, cutting the stock at the position 2cm away from the front end of the scion 20 days before the scion sprouts, and ensuring the growth advantage of scion sprouts; thirdly, strong branches competing with scions are cut off, and a small number of branches at the lower part of the inner chamber are reserved as auxiliary culture branches; and fourthly, picking up the buds when the scion bud germinates to 2-3cm, forcing the scion bud to grow more than two spring shoots, which is the key and the best method for increasing the base number of the branch. Only two spring shoots are reserved on one grafting bud; when spring shoots grow to 20-30cm, pinching is kept for 10-20cm, and aging is promoted to promote summer shoots; the bud picking is carried out for a plurality of times on the summer shoots, the shoots are put when more than two summer shoots are arranged on more than 80% of spring shoots on one tree, 30cm pinching is left when the summer shoots grow to 40cm to promote the autumn shoots, the buds are picked for a plurality of times on the autumn shoots, and the shoots are put when more than two autumn shoots are arranged on more than 80% of the whole tree, so that the number of the autumn shoots can reach 40-60 through one-year management.
Taking 100 plants per mu as an example: the number of autumn tips can reach 4000-.
In the above method, management of diseases, pests and the like of water and fertilizer is performed by adopting the prior art, and details are not repeated in the application.
The Wuyi oranges are sweet orange varieties bred in the early 70 th century, and have the advantages of strong cold resistance, a small amount of planting under the condition that citrus varieties in China are few in the 90 th century, but because the fruits are small, sour in taste and many in seeds, the fruit varieties do not have the inherent characteristics of fine varieties and are low in commodity value, and no market space exists under the impact of other citrus fine varieties (such as navel oranges, miscellaneous oranges and the like), so that the Wuyi oranges have no great development from cultivation to the present, and fruit growers rarely plant the oranges due to low benefits.
Under the condition that years of researches on the interstocks for planting various tangelo are unsuccessful, the inventor summarizes the characteristics of the interstocks and the experience of influencing the effects, comprehensively considers the factors such as fruit color, fruit oil cell thickness, fruit peel thickness, juice yield, fruit flavor, disease resistance, cold resistance, affinity and the like, selects and tests the Wuyi orange as the interstocks, and finally obtains success by accident.
Experimental part
Comparative example 1
The citrus grandis is used as a rootstock, and the citrus grandis spike is grafted on the citrus aurantium rootstock.
Comparative example 2
Hovenia dulcis serving as a base stock, navel oranges serving as an intermediate stock and citrus grandis spike strips for establishing Yang are grafted on the intermediate stock.
Comparative example 3
Hovenia dulcis is used as a base stock, Wenzhou mandarin oranges are used as an intermediate stock, and the Jianyang orange ear strips are grafted on the intermediate stock.
The tangelo fruits obtained by growth in example 1 and example 2 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were evaluated for fruit quality, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Citrus grandis fruit quality evaluation chart
As can be seen from Table 1, the Jianyang tangelo grown by the improvement method of the invention has obviously improved appearance, color, shape, size, meat quality and storage resistance, and also has excellent tree growth vigor and resistance.
The selling price of the citrus grandis grown by the improved method is higher than that of the original citrus grandis by more than 2 yuan per kilogram (the price is increased by about 20%), and the profit per mu is increased by more than 5000 yuan. If the method is popularized for twenty thousand mu, the profit can be increased by one hundred million years (the area of the citrus grandis for establishing the Yang planted in the Yang establishing area in Nanping city is about 4 thousand mu at present), and the economic benefit is extremely high.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated in some detail by the inventor, it should be understood that modifications to the above-described embodiments, and equivalents thereto, may occur to those skilled in the art, and it is intended that such modifications and improvements be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. The quality improvement method of the Jianyang tangelo is characterized in that: adopting trifoliate orange as a base stock and Wuyi orange as an intermediate stock, and establishing a citrus grandis scion; or grafting the Jianyang orange ear strips on the poncirus trifoliata and Wuyi oranges for top grafting and seed changing.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: the method comprises the following steps of taking trifoliate orange as a base stock and Wuyi orange as an intermediate stock, and establishing a citrus grandis scion, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating the immature bitter rootstock in the first year: in spring, sufficient base fertilizer is applied to the seedling surrounding land at one time, ridging and land preparation are carried out until the seedling surrounding land is fine, the furrow width is 0.9-1.1m, the height is 25-35cm, small bitter orange seedlings with the height of more than 10cm are planted after mulching films are covered, the planting distance is 13-16cm, and the small row spacing is 20-30 cm; applying water and fertilizer once every 15-20 days, erasing lateral buds, keeping the growth advantage of terminal buds, and preventing drought in summer; in 9 months, the thickness of the hovenia dulcis anvil is more than 0.5cm, the hovenia dulcis anvil is taken as a base anvil, and the Wuyi orange scions are grafted on the hovenia dulcis anvil, so that the survival rate is more than 95 percent;
(2) and in the second year, cultivating the Wuyi orange seedlings: cutting stocks at 1.5-2.5cm above the grafted bud of the Wuyi oranges in 2 months in the next year, promoting the germination of the scions, keeping the top bud growth advantage of the germinated Wuyi oranges, well performing pest control, applying water and fertilizer once every 18-23 days, reaching the thickness of the Wuyi orange interstock of more than 0.7cm when the autumn comes, grafting the Jianyang citrus grandis scions at the position of 5-10cm of the interstock height, and reaching the survival rate of more than 95%;
(3) and in the third year, cultivating the citrus grandis seedlings: and in 2 months in the third year, pruning at a position 1.5-2.5cm above the grafted Citrus paradisi Blanco bud to promote scion germination, keeping the apical bud growth advantage of the germinated Citrus paradisi Blanco, well performing pest control, applying water and fertilizer every 18-23 days, and taking the Citrus paradisi Blanco as a first-class commercial seedling after the Citrus paradisi Blanco grows to be more than 100cm in height and more than 0.8cm in thickness in one year.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of: the base fertilizer application in the step (1) comprises the following steps: 2000 kg of biological bacteria organic fertilizer and 500 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used per mu.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: the method comprises the following steps of grafting kuang orange ear strips on the hovenia dulcis thunb, and performing top grafting and seed changing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, planting Zhi stock Wuyi orange seedlings in an orchard, grafting kuang orange scions on the Zhi stock Wuyi orange seedlings after the Zhi stock Wuyi orange seedlings grow for 2 years, and performing top grafting and seed changing; the high grafting position is on the second-level branch or the third-level branch, the branch thickness is 0.8-1.5cm, the branch height is 0.8-1.0m from the ground, a Jianyang citrus grandis scion is grafted at the branch point of 8-10cm, 5-7 buds are grafted on each plant, and buds are grafted in autumn;
(2) and (4) management after connection: firstly, in spring, the supplementary grafting adopts the cutting grafting to ensure the success of grafting; secondly, cutting the stock at a position 1.5-2.5cm away from the front end of the scion 20 days before the scion sprouts to ensure the growth advantage of scion buds; thirdly, strong branches competing with scions are cut off, and a small number of branches at the lower part of the inner chamber are reserved as auxiliary culture branches; fourthly, picking up the buds when the scion bud germinates to 2-3cm, and forcing the scion bud to grow more than two spring tips; only two spring shoots are reserved on one grafting bud; when spring shoots grow to 20-30cm, pinching of 10-20cm is reserved, and aging is promoted to promote summer shoots; the bud picking is carried out for multiple times on the summer shoots, the shoots are put when more than two summer shoots are arranged on more than 80% of spring shoots on one tree, 30cm pinching is left when the summer shoots grow to 40cm, the autumn shoots are promoted, the bud picking is carried out for multiple times on the autumn shoots, and the shoots are put when more than two autumn shoots are arranged on more than 80% of the whole tree, so that the number of the autumn shoots can reach 40-60 through one-year management.
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