CN111799819A - Coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system - Google Patents
Coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
A coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system belongs to the technical field of energy storage power generation. The system comprises a coal gasification subsystem, a gas storage subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and a gas turbine power generation subsystem. In the energy storage stage, the coal gas making process is completed by utilizing the electric energy generated by the low-ebb electric energy of the load of the power grid or the intermittent renewable energy source, and the air and the synthesis gas are compressed and then stored in a compressed air storage tank and a synthesis gas storage tank; and in the energy release stage, releasing the compressed air in the compressed air storage tank and the compressed synthesis gas in the synthesis gas storage tank, and supplying the compressed air and the compressed synthesis gas to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and the gas turbine power generation subsystem. The heat storage subsystem can perform cascade storage and cascade utilization on heat energy with different tastes. The invention can flexibly operate by adopting different operation modes, is a novel energy storage power generation system, can cleanly utilize coal, and has the characteristics of high fuel utilization rate, low pollution emission and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage power generation.
Background
Among various fossil fuels, the coal reserves in China are the largest and the distribution is the widest. The coal gasification technology is a key technology for improving the utilization rate of coal and reducing the combustion pollution emission of the coal.
The solid oxide fuel cell can efficiently and environmentally convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electric energy through an electrochemical reaction path. And the solid oxide fuel cell is not limited by Carnot cycle efficiency, the energy conversion efficiency is higher than that of the traditional coal-fired power generation, and the actual energy conversion efficiency can reach 50-70%.
At present, the power consumption is continuously increased, the share of renewable energy power in power supply is gradually increased, but the intermittence and instability of renewable energy power generation and the continuous increase of the peak-valley difference of a power grid result in the continuous increase of the requirement on the safe operation of the power grid, and the energy storage technology is an effective way for solving the problems.
Chinese patent CN108386344A discloses a power generation and energy storage system with coupled compressed air energy storage and fuel cell, which utilizes the functional complementarity between solid oxide fuel cell and compressed air energy storage to provide a prototype system. However, the general fuel cell uses hydrogen-rich gas as fuel, such as natural gas or coal gas, and due to the "rich coal and little gas" in energy resources in China, if the large-scale popularization of an energy system using natural gas as fuel is applied, the fuel cell does not conform to the national situation of using coal as main energy in China.
Chinese patent CN109356813A discloses a compressed air energy storage and coal gasification combined system using underground mine, which needs to use large mine as gas storage chamber, and the coal gasification process is also completed in underground mine, therefore, due to the geological condition limitation, the system cannot be popularized and applied in large scale.
In summary, for a novel energy storage power generation system, when considering the power generation efficiency thereof, it should be paid more attention to whether the system is limited by the terrain conditions, whether the fuel source is sufficient, whether the system operation mode is flexible, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system, which organically combines the energy storage technology, the solid oxide fuel cell technology and the coal gasification technology, not only solves the problem of fuel source for the solid oxide fuel cell and improves the power generation efficiency of the system, but also can adopt different operation modes, thereby greatly improving the flexibility of the system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system is characterized in that: the system comprises a coal gasification subsystem, a gas storage subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and a gas turbine power generation subsystem.
The coal gasification subsystem comprises a gasification furnace, a synthesis gas-water heat exchanger, a synthesis gas-air heat exchanger, a dust removal device, a mercury removal device, a desulfurization device and an ejector.
The air storage subsystem comprises a compressed air unit and a compressed synthetic gas unit, wherein the compressed air unit comprises an air compressor, an interstage heat exchanger, a compressed air-coolant heat exchanger and a compressed air storage tank; the compressed syngas unit includes a syngas compressor, a syngas-coolant heat exchanger, and a syngas storage tank.
The heat storage subsystem is a temperature-division cascade heat storage device and comprises a high-temperature heat storage device and a medium-low temperature heat storage device.
The solid oxide fuel cell subsystem comprises a solid oxide fuel cell, a rectifying device and a corresponding bypass pipeline.
The gas turbine subsystem comprises a combustion chamber, a gas turbine and a generator.
The system comprises a gasification subsystem, a synthesis gas-water heat exchanger and a synthesis gas-water heat exchanger, wherein a steam inlet of the gasification furnace of the gasification subsystem is connected with a steam-side outlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger; a synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the dust removal device after being converged with a synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger; an air side inlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of the ejector; the outlet of the dust removal device is connected with the inlet of the demercuration device; the outlet of the demercuration device is connected with the inlet of the desulfurization device; the outlet of the desulfurizing device is respectively connected with the inlet of the synthesis gas compressor and the synthesis gas side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device.
And an air compressor outlet of the compressed air unit of the air storage subsystem is respectively connected with a compressed air side inlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger and a compressed air side inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device. A compressed air side outlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the compressed air storage tank, and a coolant side outlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger is converged with a coolant side outlet of the interstage heat exchanger and then connected with a coolant side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device; the outlet of the compressed air storage tank is respectively connected with the working fluid inlet of the ejector and the compressed air side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device.
The outlet of a synthesis gas compressor of the synthesis gas compression unit of the gas storage subsystem is connected with the synthesis gas side inlet of the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger, the synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the synthesis gas storage tank, and the outlet of the synthesis gas storage tank is connected with the synthesis gas side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device. The synthesis gas storage tank is also provided with an air supply outlet for other purposes.
The synthesis gas side outlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device of the heat storage subsystem is connected with the synthesis gas side inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device; a compressed air side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device is connected with an outlet of the compressed air storage tank, and a compressed air side outlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device is connected with a compressed air side inlet of the high temperature heat storage device; a smoke side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device is connected with a smoke side outlet of the high-temperature heat storage device; and a synthesis gas side outlet of the high-temperature heat storage device is respectively connected with an anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell and a fuel side inlet of the combustion chamber. The compressed air side inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device is connected with the compressed air side outlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device, the compressed air side outlet of the high-temperature heat storage device is respectively connected with the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell and the oxidant side inlet of the combustion chamber, and the flue gas side inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device is connected with the outlet of the gas turbine.
The solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem comprises a solid oxide fuel cell, a combustion chamber, a rectification device, a combustion chamber, a fuel cell power generation subsystem and a power supply subsystem, wherein an anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem is connected with a fuel side inlet of the combustion chamber, a cathode outlet of the solid oxide fuel.
Wherein, the outlet of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine power generation subsystem is connected with the inlet of the gas turbine; the gas turbine is connected with the generator through a transmission shaft.
Preferably, the heat storage subsystem is in a temperature-division cascade heat storage mode, the heat storage modes of the two heat storage devices can adopt latent heat storage, phase-change heat storage or chemical heat storage, and heat energy with different tastes is stored in the high-temperature heat storage device and the medium-low temperature heat storage device respectively according to different heat source sources and temperature areas, so that the heat exchange temperature difference in the heat storage process is reduced, and the heat energy storage efficiency of the heat storage subsystem is improved.
Preferably, the heat storage subsystem is not limited to the two-stage cascade heat storage included in the invention figure, and may be designed into more than two stages of cascade heat storage subsystems according to different temperature differences, temperature zones, heat storage principles and heat storage heat sources.
Preferably, the ejected fluid of the ejector is atmospheric air, the working fluid is compressed air, and the compressed air can come from a compressed air storage tank or an air compressor. Normal pressure air is injected by a small amount of compressed air, and the amount of air entering the gasification furnace is controlled.
Preferably, the synthesis gas is compressed and cooled by the synthesis gas compressor and the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger, and then is stored in the synthesis gas storage tank, so that the stable storage of the synthesis gas is realized.
Preferably, the air compressor and the synthesis gas compressor can be multistage compressors with interstage cooling.
Preferably, the coolant of the compressed syngas-coolant heat exchanger, the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger, and the inter-stage cooler may be water, brine, conduction oil, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, or the like.
Preferably, the coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system is characterized by comprising the following operation modes:
in the energy storage mode, the electric energy generated by the low-ebb electric energy or intermittent renewable energy of the load of the power grid is utilized to drive the air compressor to compress air, so that the compressed air is cooled by the heat exchanger and then stored in the compressed air storage tank; and meanwhile, the synthesis gas is prepared by utilizing the electric energy generated by the load low-ebb electric energy of the power grid or the intermittent renewable energy source, the dust removal device, the demercuration device and the desulfurization device are driven to obtain pure synthesis gas, the synthesis gas compressor is driven to compress the synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is cooled by the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger and then is stored in the synthesis gas storage tank.
In the energy release mode, the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank and the compressed synthesis gas stored in the synthesis gas storage tank are heated by the heat storage device and then respectively enter the cathode and the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell. Electrochemical reaction occurs in the solid oxide fuel cell to generate direct current, which is converted into alternating current through a rectifying device as required. After anode exhaust and cathode exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell enter a combustion chamber for combustion, the solid oxide fuel cell enters a gas turbine for expansion to do work, and the gas turbine drives a generator to rotate so as to generate electric energy. The generated energy is used to meet the peak load demand of the power grid.
When no external electric energy supplies power to the coal gasification subsystem, part of the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank enters the ejector to eject the external air, the external air is ejected, the flow is increased, and the air enters the gasification furnace after passing through the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger to provide air for the coal gasification reaction in the gasification furnace. Meanwhile, the other part of compressed air is heated by the heat storage device and then enters the gas turbine to expand and do work through the combustion chamber. The gas turbine drives the generator to generate electricity through the transmission shaft, and the electricity generated by the generator is utilized to drive the dust removal device, the mercury removal device and the desulfurization device to purify and store the synthesis gas generated in the gasification furnace. Alternatively, the purified syngas may be used directly for power generation. In this case, the pure syngas and compressed air are heated by the heat storage device and then enter the solid oxide fuel cell to generate electricity. And then the exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell enters a combustion chamber for combustion, the gas after temperature rise and pressure rise enters a gas turbine for expansion to do work, and the gas turbine drives a generator to generate electricity through a transmission shaft.
When the coal gasification subsystem breaks down, compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank is heated by the heat storage device and directly enters the gas turbine to do work through the combustion chamber, and the gas turbine drives the generator to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
When the solid oxide fuel cell breaks down, compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank and compressed synthetic gas stored in the synthetic gas storage tank are heated by the heat storage device and then directly enter the combustion chamber for combustion, the combustion gas after being heated and boosted enters the gas turbine for expansion and work, and the gas turbine drives the generator to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
The invention has the following advantages and prominent technical effects:
the operation mode is flexible: the system can provide energy for the coal gasification and purification process, the synthesis gas storage process and the compressed air storage process by utilizing the power generated by the power grid load low-ebb electric energy or the intermittent renewable energy; and the stored compressed synthesis gas and compressed air can be released to be supplied to a solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine for power generation when the load of the power grid is in a peak, so that the load fluctuation of the power grid is stabilized. But also provides an operation scheme when some main equipment (a coal gasification subsystem and a solid oxide fuel cell) fails and an operation scheme when no external power supply supplies power to the coal gasification subsystem. Therefore, the system has the characteristic of flexibly selecting the operation mode according to the operation condition and the external constraint.
Can comprehensively store various kinds of energy outside the system. The system can comprehensively utilize different kinds of energy sources such as power grid load low-ebb electric energy, electric energy generated by 'night wind' of a wind power plant, electric energy generated by solar energy, chemical energy of fire coal and the like, and stores and converts the energy sources into clean synthesis gas, heat energy and power grid peak load electric energy.
Carrying out step storage and step utilization on heat energy with different tastes in the system: the heat storage subsystem is in a temperature-division cascade heat storage mode, and heat energy with different tastes is stored in the heat storage devices in different temperature intervals according to different heat source sources and temperature areas, so that the heat exchange temperature difference in the heat storage process is reduced, and the heat energy storage efficiency of the heat storage subsystem is improved.
The system disclosed by the invention not only has the advantages of adjusting the load peak-valley difference of the power grid, utilizing the abandoned wind and abandoned light and the like, but also organically combines the energy storage with the solid oxide fuel cell and the coal gasification technology, improves the power generation efficiency of the system, reduces the pollution emission and solves the problem of fuel source.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The list of labels in the figure is: 1-gasification furnace; 2-syngas-water heat exchanger; 3-syngas-air heat exchanger; 4-a dust removal device; 5-demercuration device; 6-a desulfurization unit; 7-synthesis gas compressor; 8-syngas-coolant heat exchanger; 9-a synthesis gas storage tank; 10-an ejector; 11-medium and low temperature heat storage device; 12-a high temperature heat storage device; 13-a solid oxide fuel cell; 14-a rectifying device; 15-a combustion chamber; 16-an interstage heat exchanger; 17-an air compressor; 18-a compressed air-coolant heat exchanger; 19-compressed air storage tank; 20-a gas turbine; 21-a generator; 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34-control valve.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system which comprises a coal gasification subsystem, an air storage subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and a gas turbine power generation subsystem.
The coal gasification subsystem comprises a gasification furnace 1, a synthetic gas-water heat exchanger 2, a synthetic gas-air heat exchanger 3, a dust removal device 4, a demercuration device 5, a desulfurization device 6 and an ejector 10.
The air storage subsystem comprises a compressed air unit and a compressed synthesis gas unit, wherein the compressed air unit comprises an air compressor 17, an interstage heat exchanger 16, a compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 and a compressed air storage tank 19; the compressed syngas unit includes a syngas compressor 7, a syngas-to-coolant heat exchanger 8, and a syngas storage tank 9.
The heat storage subsystem is a temperature-division cascade heat storage device and comprises a high-temperature heat storage device 12 and a medium-low temperature heat storage device 11.
The solid oxide fuel cell subsystem comprises a solid oxide fuel cell 13, a rectifying device 14 and a corresponding bypass pipeline.
The gas turbine subsystem includes a combustor 15, a gas turbine 20, and a generator 21.
A steam inlet of a gasification furnace 1 of the coal gasification subsystem is connected with a steam side outlet of a synthetic gas-water heat exchanger 2, an air inlet of the gasification furnace 1 is connected with an air side outlet of the synthetic gas-air heat exchanger 3, and a synthetic gas outlet of the gasification furnace 1 is respectively connected with a synthetic gas side inlet of the synthetic gas-water heat exchanger 2 and a synthetic gas side inlet of the synthetic gas-air heat exchanger 3; a synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2 is converged with a synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3 and then is connected with an inlet of the dust removal device 4; an air side inlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3 is connected with an outlet of the ejector 10; the outlet of the dust removal device 4 is connected with the inlet of the demercuration device 5; the outlet of the demercuration device 5 is connected with the inlet of the desulphurization device 6; the outlet of the desulphurization device 6 is respectively connected with the inlet of the synthesis gas compressor 7 and the inlet 11-a1 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11.
The outlet of the air compressor 17 of the compressed air unit of the air storage subsystem is respectively connected with the compressed air side inlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 and the inlet of 12-b1 of the high-temperature heat storage device 12 through a control valve 33 and a control valve 32. A compressed air side outlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 is connected with an inlet of the compressed air storage tank 19, and a coolant side outlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 is converged with a coolant side outlet of the interstage cooler 16 and then connected to an inlet 11-d2 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11; the outlet of the compressed air storage tank 19 is connected with the working fluid inlet of the ejector 10 and the inlet 11-b1 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 through the control valve 30 and the control valve 31 respectively.
An outlet of a synthesis gas pressure air compressor 7 of the synthesis gas compression unit of the gas storage subsystem is connected with a synthesis gas side inlet of a synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8, and a synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8 is connected with an inlet of a synthesis gas storage tank 9; the outlet of the synthesis gas storage tank 9 is connected with the inlet 11-a1 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 through the control valve 23. The synthesis gas storage tank is also provided with an air supply outlet for other purposes.
An outlet 11-a2 of a medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 of the heat storage subsystem is connected with an inlet 12-a1 of a high temperature heat storage device 12, an outlet 11-b2 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 is connected with an inlet 12-b1 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 through a control valve 34, and an inlet 11-c2 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 is connected with an outlet 12-c1 of the high temperature heat storage device 12; the outlet 12-a2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 and the inlet 15-1 of the combustion chamber 15 through the control valve 24 and the control valve 25 respectively. The outlet 12-b2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected with the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 and the inlet 15-2 of the combustion chamber 15 through the control valve 26 and the control valve 27 respectively. The inlet 12-c2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected to the outlet of the gas turbine 20.
The solid oxide fuel cell 13 of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem has an anode outlet connected with the 15-1 inlet of the combustion chamber 15, a cathode outlet connected with the 15-2 inlet of the combustion chamber 15, and the solid oxide fuel cell 13 is connected with the rectifying device 14 through an external circuit.
The outlet of the combustion chamber 15 of the gas turbine power generation subsystem is connected with the inlet of a gas turbine 20; the gas turbine 20 is connected to a generator 21 via a drive shaft.
The heat storage subsystem is in a temperature-division cascade heat storage mode, the heat storage modes of the two heat storage devices can adopt latent heat storage, phase change heat storage or chemical heat storage, and heat energy with different tastes is stored in the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 respectively according to different heat source sources and temperature areas, so that the heat exchange temperature difference in the heat storage process is reduced, and the heat energy storage efficiency of the heat storage subsystem is improved.
The heat storage subsystem is not limited to two-stage cascade heat storage of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12 included in the invention figure, and can be designed into more than two stages of cascade heat storage subsystems according to different temperature differences, temperature zones, heat storage principles and heat storage heat sources. In the embodiment, two-stage combined storage is adopted, the phase change heat storage is adopted in the heat storage mode, the heat storage temperature range of the medium and low temperature heat storage device 11 in the embodiment is 100-200 ℃, and the heat storage temperature range of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is 200-300 ℃.
The ejected fluid of the ejector 10 is atmospheric air, the working fluid is compressed air, and the compressed air can come from a compressed air storage tank or a compressor. Normal pressure air is injected by a small amount of compressed air, and the amount of air entering the gasification furnace is controlled.
The synthesis gas is compressed and cooled by a synthesis gas compressor 7 and a synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8 and then stored in a synthesis gas storage tank 9, so that the synthesis gas is stably stored. The gas storage pressure of the synthesis gas storage tank is 3-7MPa, and the gas storage pressure of the compressed air storage tank is 3-7 MPa. The air compressor and the synthesis gas compressor can be multistage compressors with interstage cooling.
The coolant for the compressed syngas-coolant heat exchanger 8, the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18, and the inter-stage cooler 16 may be water, brine, conduction oil, ethylene glycol water solution, or the like.
The coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system is characterized by comprising the following operation modes:
in the energy storage mode, the control valve 33 is opened, the control valve 32 is closed, the air compressor 17 is driven by the power generated by the power grid load valley electric energy or the intermittent renewable energy, the air is compressed, and the compressed air is cooled by the heat exchanger 18 and then stored in the compressed air storage tank 19; meanwhile, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, the synthesis gas is prepared by using the power generated by the power grid load valley electric energy or the intermittent renewable energy source, and the dust removal device 4, the mercury removal device 5 and the desulfurization device 6 are driven to obtain the pure synthesis gas. The synthesis gas compressor 7 is driven to compress the synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is cooled by the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8 and then stored in the synthesis gas storage tank 9. The temperature of the synthetic gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace 1 is 850-1000 ℃, the temperature of the synthetic gas entering the dust removal device 4 after heat exchange is about 110 ℃, and the temperature of the pure synthetic gas after the desulfurization device 6 is normal temperature.
In the energy release mode, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 26 are opened, the control valve 27 is closed, and the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 is sequentially heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and then enters the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell 13. Meanwhile, the control valve 23 and the control valve 24 are opened, the control valve 25 is closed, and the compressed synthesis gas stored in the synthesis gas storage tank 9 enters the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12, is sequentially heated, and then enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell 13. The synthesis gas and air at the outlets of the compressed air storage tank 19 and the synthesis gas storage tank 9 are heated to 100-150 ℃ after passing through the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11, and are heated to 200-300 ℃ after passing through the high-temperature heat storage device 12. The synthesis gas and air after the temperature rise are subjected to an electrochemical reaction in the solid oxide fuel cell 13 to generate direct current, and the direct current is converted into alternating current through the rectifying device 14 as necessary. After the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas at 750-900 ℃ at the outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 enter the combustion chamber 15 for combustion, the temperature is raised to about 800-950 ℃. Then the gas enters a gas turbine 20 to do work through expansion, and the gas turbine 20 drives a generator 21 to rotate so as to generate electric energy. The generated energy is used to meet the peak load demand of the power grid. And the heat in the exhaust gas at the outlet of the gas turbine 20 at 300-400 ℃ is stored in the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and the middle-low temperature heat storage device 11 in a grading manner.
When no external electric energy is supplied to the coal gasification subsystem, the control valve 30, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 26, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, part of the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 enters the ejector 10 to eject the external air, after the flow is increased, the mixed air enters the gasification furnace 1 after the temperature of the mixed air is increased to 600-800 ℃ through the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3, and the required air is provided for the coal gasification reaction of the gasification furnace 1. Meanwhile, part of the compressed air is heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12, passes through the combustion chamber 15 and then enters the gas turbine 20 to expand and do work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to generate electricity through the transmission shaft. The dust collector 4, the demercuration device 5, and the desulfurizer 6 are driven by the power generated by the generator 21 to purify and store the synthesis gas generated in the gasifier. Alternatively, the purified syngas may be used directly for power generation. In this case, the control valve 22, the control valve 24 and the control valve 26 are opened, the control valve 23, the control valve 25 and the control valve 27 are closed, and the pure syngas and the compressed air are heated by the medium and low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high temperature heat storage device 12 and then enter the solid oxide fuel cell 13 to generate power. Then the 750-900 ℃ exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 enters the combustion chamber 15 for combustion, the temperature rises to 800-950 ℃, and then the exhaust enters the gas turbine 20 for expansion work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to generate electricity through a transmission shaft.
When the coal gasification subsystem breaks down, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 30, the control valve 26, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 is heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12, then enters the gas turbine 20 through the combustion chamber 15 to perform expansion work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
When the solid oxide fuel cell fails, the control valve 23, the control valve 25, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 22, the control valve 24 and the control valve 26 are closed, compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 and synthetic gas stored in the synthetic gas storage tank 9 are heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and then directly enter the combustion chamber 15 for combustion, the heated and pressurized combustion gas enters the gas turbine 20 to expand and work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; also, for those skilled in the art, variations can be made in the specific embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit of the invention. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system is characterized in that: the system comprises a coal gasification subsystem, a gas storage subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and a gas turbine power generation subsystem.
The coal gasification subsystem comprises a gasification furnace 1, a synthetic gas-water heat exchanger 2, a synthetic gas-air heat exchanger 3, a dust removal device 4, a demercuration device 5, a desulfurization device 6 and an ejector 10.
The air storage subsystem comprises a compressed air unit and a compressed synthesis gas unit, wherein the compressed air unit comprises an air compressor 17, an interstage heat exchanger 16, a compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 and a compressed air storage tank 19; the compressed syngas unit includes a syngas compressor 7, a syngas-to-coolant heat exchanger 8, and a syngas storage tank 9.
The heat storage subsystem is a temperature-division cascade heat storage device and comprises a high-temperature heat storage device 12 and a medium-low temperature heat storage device 11.
A steam inlet of a gasification furnace 1 of the coal gasification subsystem is connected with a steam side outlet of a synthetic gas-water heat exchanger 2, an air inlet of the gasification furnace 1 is connected with an air side outlet of the synthetic gas-air heat exchanger 3, and a synthetic gas outlet of the gasification furnace 1 is respectively connected with a synthetic gas side inlet of the synthetic gas-water heat exchanger 2 and a synthetic gas side inlet of the synthetic gas-air heat exchanger 3; a synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2 is converged with a synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3 and then is sequentially connected with a dust removal device 4, a demercuration device 5 and a desulfurization device 6; the air-side inlet of the syngas-air heat exchanger 3 is connected to the outlet of the eductor 10.
An outlet of a synthesis gas compressor 7 of the synthesis gas compression unit of the gas storage subsystem is connected with a synthesis gas side inlet of a synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8, and a synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8 is connected with an inlet of a synthesis gas storage tank 9; the outlet of the synthetic gas storage tank 9 is connected with the inlet 11-a1 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11. The synthesis gas storage tank is also provided with an air supply outlet for other purposes. The outlet of the compressed air storage tank 19 of the compressed air storage subsystem is respectively connected with the working fluid inlet of the ejector 10 and the inlet 11-b1 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11.
An 11-a2 outlet of the low-temperature heat storage device 11 in the heat storage subsystem is connected with a 12-a1 inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device 12, an 11-b2 outlet of the low-temperature heat storage device 11 is connected with a 12-b1 inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device 12 through a control valve 34, and an 11-c2 inlet of the low-temperature heat storage device 11 is connected with a 12-c1 outlet of the high-temperature heat storage device 12; the outlet 12-a2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 and the inlet 15-1 of the combustion chamber 15 through the control valve 24 and the control valve 25 respectively. The outlet 12-b2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected with the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 and the inlet 15-2 of the combustion chamber 15 through the control valve 26 and the control valve 27 respectively. The inlet 12-c2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected to the outlet of the gas turbine 20.
2. The coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: the heat storage subsystem is in a temperature-division cascade heat storage mode, the heat storage modes of the two heat storage devices can adopt latent heat storage, phase change heat storage or chemical heat storage, and heat energy with different tastes is stored in the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and the middle-low temperature heat storage device 11 respectively according to different heat source sources and temperature areas, so that the heat exchange temperature difference in the heat storage process is reduced, and the heat energy storage efficiency of the heat storage subsystem is improved.
3. The coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the heat storage subsystem is not limited to two-stage cascade heat storage of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12 included in the invention figure, and can be designed into more than two stages of cascade heat storage subsystems according to different temperature differences, temperature zones, heat storage principles and heat storage heat sources.
4. The coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: the ejected fluid of the ejector 10 is atmospheric air, the working fluid is compressed air, and the compressed air can come from a compressed air storage tank or a compressor. Normal pressure air is injected by a small amount of compressed air, and the amount of air entering the gasification furnace is controlled.
5. The coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: the synthesis gas is compressed and cooled by the synthesis gas compressor 7 and the heat exchanger 8 and then stored in the synthesis gas storage tank 9, so that the synthesis gas is stably stored.
6. The coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system is characterized by comprising the following operation modes:
in the energy storage mode, the control valve 33 is opened, the control valve 32 is closed, the compressor 17 is driven by the power generated by the power grid load valley electric energy or intermittent renewable energy, the air is compressed, and the compressed air is cooled by the heat exchanger 18 and then stored in the compressed air storage tank 19; meanwhile, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, the synthesis gas is prepared by using the power generated by the power grid load valley electric energy or the intermittent renewable energy, the dust removal device 4, the demercuration device 5 and the desulfurization device 6 are driven to obtain pure synthesis gas, the synthesis gas is compressed by the synthesis gas compressor 7, and the synthesis gas is cooled by the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8 and then stored in the synthesis gas storage tank 9.
In the energy release mode, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 26 are opened, the control valve 27 is closed, and the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 is sequentially heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and then enters the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell 13. Meanwhile, the control valve 23 and the control valve 24 are opened, the control valve 25 is closed, and the compressed synthesis gas stored in the synthesis gas storage tank 9 is heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12 in sequence and then enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell 13. Electrochemical reaction occurs in the solid oxide fuel cell 13 to generate direct current, which is converted to alternating current by the rectifying device 14. After anode exhaust and cathode exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 enter the combustion chamber 15 for combustion, the exhaust enters the gas turbine 20 for expansion to do work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to rotate so as to generate electric energy. The generated energy is used to meet the peak load demand of the power grid. And the heat in the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 20 is stored in stages in the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11.
When no external electric energy is supplied to the coal gasification subsystem, the control valve 30, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 32, the control valve 26, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, part of the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 enters the ejector 10, the external air is ejected, the flow is increased, and the compressed air enters the gasification furnace 1 through the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3 to provide the required air for the coal gasification reaction in the gasification furnace 1. Meanwhile, part of the compressed air is heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12, passes through the combustion chamber 15, and enters the gas turbine 20 to expand and do work. The dust collector 4, the demercuration device 5, and the desulfurizer 6 are driven by the power generated by the generator 21 to purify and store the synthesis gas generated in the gasifier. Alternatively, the purified syngas may be used directly for power generation. In this case, the control valve 22, the control valve 24 and the control valve 26 are opened, the control valve 23, the control valve 25 and the control valve 27 are closed, and the pure syngas and the compressed air are heated by the medium and low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high temperature heat storage device 12 and then enter the solid oxide fuel cell 13 to generate power. Then the exhaust gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 enters the combustion chamber 15 for combustion, the gas after temperature rise and pressure rise enters the gas turbine 20 for expansion and work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to generate electricity through the transmission shaft.
When the coal gasification subsystem breaks down, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 30, the control valve 26, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 is heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12, then enters the gas turbine 20 through the combustion chamber 15 to perform expansion work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
When the solid oxide fuel cell fails, the control valve 23, the control valve 25, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 22, the control valve 24 and the control valve 26 are closed, compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 and synthetic gas stored in the synthetic gas storage tank 9 are heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and then directly enter the combustion chamber 15 for combustion, the heated and pressurized combustion gas enters the gas turbine 20 to expand and work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
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