JPH1146460A - Power storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to prevent load on the environment and further supply power to meet demand and store surplus power in the form of fuel. SOLUTION: The system is constituted of a power station 1, a water decomposing device 3 or a device which forms fuel from hydrogen produced in the water decomposing device 3, and an auxiliary power generating device 6 which uses hydrogen or fuel to generate power. When there is little demand for power, the water decomposing device 3 is operated using energy from the power station 1 and thus produced hydrogen or fuel is stored. When there is a great demand for power, together with the power station 1, the auxiliary power generating device 6 is operated using the hydrogen as fuel or the fuel to generate power. The system may be constituted of a water decomposing device, a fuel producing device, a generator and a carbon dioxide separator to maintain the material balance substantially in a closed system. Further, a sea water decomposing device applicable to the system may be installed to prevent by-products harmful to the environment from being produced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power storage system having a small environmental load.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, most of electric power supplied to the market is supplied from power plants. Conventional power plants usually have a constant power generation amount per hour. However, the power demand in the market is not constant. For example, the power demand varies greatly between daytime and nighttime. In addition, since it is difficult to directly store electric power, it is necessary to change the amount of power generation according to demand. However, when changing the amount of power generated per unit time at a power plant,
A corresponding efficiency loss occurs. The trend is remarkable in thermal power generation, which has been the main power generation until recently, and in nuclear power generation, whose ratio has been increasing recently. In addition, the load on the environment often occurs with the efficiency loss. The load on the environment appears in the form of generation of various harmful gases.

On the other hand, attempts have been made to recover carbon dioxide, which is one of the harmful gases, reduce it to methanol, and use this as fuel for power generation. At this time, the hydrogen that reduces the recovered carbon dioxide to methanol is, for example, desalinated using seawater after reverse osmosis or the like, and then desalted using an ion exchange resin or the like to produce pure water. It was obtained by decomposition. Such methods required ferric chloride, sodium hypochlorite, sulfuric acid, sodium bisulfite, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, and other environmentally affecting substances. In addition, when attempting to produce energy using methanol as fuel, harmful by-products due to carbon generation and low-temperature combustion due to incomplete combustion,
For example, problems such as formation of formaldehyde were likely to occur.

[0004]

From such a background,
There has been a demand for a system that supplies electric power that meets demand while suppressing the burden on the environment. Further, there has been a demand for a power generation system that has a small load on the environment, that is, does not emit harmful substances to the environment. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric power storage system that supplies electric power that meets demand while suppressing an environmental load.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

[Summary of the Invention] <Summary> A power storage system according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a water splitting device that splits water with energy obtained from a means for generating energy to generate hydrogen and oxygen, An electric power storage system having an auxiliary power generation device that generates electric power using generated hydrogen as fuel, and stores hydrogen generated by operating a water splitting device with energy of the means for generating energy when power demand is small. And
When the demand for electric power is high, together with the means for generating the energy, the hydrogen is used as fuel to operate the auxiliary power generator to generate electric power.

[0006] A power storage system according to a second aspect of the present invention includes a water splitting device that splits water with energy obtained from a means for generating energy to generate hydrogen and oxygen; A power storage system having a fuel production device for producing hydrogen-containing fuel and an auxiliary power generation device for generating electricity using the produced hydrogen-containing fuel as fuel, wherein when the power demand is small, the energy of the means for generating the energy is used. By operating the water splitting device and the fuel production device, storing the generated hydrogen-containing fuel, together with the means for generating the energy when the power demand is high,
Using the hydrogen-containing fuel as fuel, the auxiliary power generator is operated to generate power.

[0007] An electric power storage system according to a third aspect of the present invention includes a gasifier, a fuel production apparatus for producing a hydrogen-containing fuel from a gas produced from the gasifier, and a produced hydrogen-containing fuel. A power generation system that generates power using the fuel as a fuel, and stores hydrogen-containing fuel produced from the product gas generated by the gasifier when the power demand is low, and stores the fuel when the power demand is high. The power generation device is operated by using the hydrogen-containing fuel as fuel to generate power.

[0008] A power storage system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention generates a first hydrogen-containing fuel from a seawater decomposer for decomposing seawater, hydrogen generated by the seawater decomposer, and carbon dioxide. A fuel generation device, a power generation device that reforms or decomposes the first hydrogen-containing fuel and generates power using the generated second hydrogen-containing fuel as fuel, and carbon dioxide and water generated by the power generation device And a carbon dioxide separation device for supplying the carbon dioxide to the fuel device.

[0009] The hydrogen generator of the present invention is provided with the following members. (1) An anode that selectively generates oxygen without substantially generating chlorine when seawater is electrolyzed. (2) Isolates the anode and cathode chambers and selectively selectively only hydrogen ions. And (3) a cathode for generating hydrogen.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. <Power Storage System> First, the system according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described as follows. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a power storage system according to the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 1A shows a power storage system in a case where the power demand in a power consuming area is small. The power plant 1 (means for generating energy) may be of any power generation method as long as it normally functions as a power plant, but may be a nuclear power plant, a hydropower plant, a coal-fired power plant, or an oil-fired power plant. A natural gas-fired power station, a wind power station, a geothermal power station, a coal gasification gas power station, a garbage gasification gas power station, and a residue oil gasification gas power station. Further, a power generation system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention described later can also be selected. Among these, the effect of the present invention is remarkably exhibited particularly when a nuclear power plant or a gasified gas power plant where it is difficult to change the power generation amount is selected.

The electric power generated in the power plant 1 is transmitted to the power consuming area 2, but when the power demand is small, the generated energy is surplus. This surplus generated energy may be in the form of thermal energy in addition to power energy.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, surplus energy is supplied to the water splitting device 3. Decomposition of water is carried out by electrolysis or pyrolysis, depending on the form of surplus energy used. The water supplied for this decomposition is
It may be supplied from outside the system,
It is preferable that the purification has been performed sufficiently for the decomposition treatment. Most preferably, water generated at the time of power generation from the auxiliary power generation device 6 described later is stored and used when necessary. This is because the auxiliary power generation device 6 uses hydrogen as a fuel, and the water generated at the time of its combustion has few impurities.

Water is decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Of these, hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage 4 for use as fuel, and oxygen is also stored in the oxygen storage 5 as needed. When storing, it may be stored in a gaseous state, but is preferably liquefied and stored in terms of storage volume.

FIG. 1B shows a power storage system in a case where power demand is high in a power consuming area. The power generated in the power plant 1 (means for generating energy) is transmitted to the power consuming area 2, but when the power demand is large, the generated energy is insufficient.

The shortage of power generation by the power plant 1 is compensated for by the auxiliary power generator 6. The auxiliary power generation device 6 uses hydrogen that has been manufactured and stored when power demand is small. If necessary, oxygen produced simultaneously with hydrogen can be used.

As the type of the auxiliary power generation device 6, any type can be used as long as it can generate power using hydrogen, and a single-unit power generation among fuel cell power generation, gas turbine power generation, or steam turbine power generation can be used. It is preferable to use two or three combined power generation systems in terms of power generation efficiency. These auxiliary power generation devices 6 generate power using hydrogen and, if necessary, oxygen, and discharge water. The released water is collected as necessary, liquefied as necessary, and stored in the water storage 7. Water can be easily liquefied at room temperature, but cold energy of liquefied oxygen can be used when power demand is low. Here, the auxiliary power generator 6
Often emit large amounts of heat during power generation. This waste heat can be recovered by a waste heat recovery means (not shown) and used. As a method of using such exhaust heat, for example, heating steam supplied to a steam turbine provided in the power plant 1 can be mentioned. Further, in order to keep the power generation amount of the power plant constant, a control means (not shown) for controlling the power generation amount of the auxiliary power generation device 6 according to the power demand may be provided.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a preferred embodiment of the power storage system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A shows a power storage system in a case where the power demand in the power consuming area 2 is small. The power generated in the power plant 1 (means for generating energy) is transmitted to the power consuming area 2, but when the power demand is low in the power consuming area, a surplus of electric energy is generated.

In FIG. 2A, surplus electric energy is supplied to a water splitter 3 for electrolyzing water. FIG.
In the example of (a), the water supplied for this decomposition is supplied from the water storage 7. In this water storage 7,
Water generated when power generation using hydrogen as a fuel described later is performed is stored. At this time, if the stored water becomes insufficient, water may be supplied from the outside. Water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis.
In FIG. 2A, decomposed hydrogen and oxygen are cooled and liquefied. By liquefying hydrogen and oxygen in this way, it is possible to reduce the storage volume. The liquefied hydrogen and oxygen are stored in a hydrogen storage 4 and an oxygen storage 5, respectively. At this time, it is preferable that the water supplied from the water storage 7 and the water supplied from the outside have few impurities.

FIG. 2B shows a power storage system in a case where power demand is high in a power consuming area. The power generated in the power plant 1 (means for generating energy) is transmitted to the power consuming area 2. However, if the power consuming area 2 has a high power demand, the generated energy is insufficient. The shortage of power generation by the power plant 1 is compensated for by the auxiliary power generator 6. This auxiliary power generator 6 is manufactured when the power demand is small (FIG. 2A), and uses the stored hydrogen as fuel. If necessary, oxygen produced simultaneously with hydrogen can be used. The power generation is preferably performed by fuel cell power generation, gas turbine power generation, or steam turbine power generation, or a combination thereof.
The water generated by the power generation is liquefied by the cold heat of the liquefied oxygen in the oxygen storage 4 and stored in the water storage 7, and is used in the water splitter 3 when the power demand is small (FIG. 2A). In addition, this power storage system
The control device 41 is further provided. The control device 41
In order to keep the power generation amount of the power plant 1 constant, the power generation amount of the auxiliary power generation device 6 is controlled according to the power demand in the power consuming area 2.

FIG. 2C also shows a power storage system in a case where power demand is high in a power consuming area. In this example, in addition to the example of FIG.
Is further provided. With this exhaust heat recovery device 40,
By heating the steam supplied to the steam turbine provided in the power plant 1 with the exhaust heat recovered from the auxiliary power generation device 6, the power generation efficiency of the power plant 1 can be further improved.

As described above, when a surplus power generation occurs, water is electrolyzed, and electric energy is stored in a state of being decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. When a shortage occurs in the power generation amount, hydrogen and oxygen are recombined. By doing so, electrical energy can be generated to supplement the amount of power generation. With such a system, the output of the auxiliary power generation device 6 and the output of the water splitting device 3 are adjusted by the control device 41 in accordance with an increase or decrease in power demand while the power generation amount of the power plant 1 (means for generating energy) is kept constant. By doing so, it is possible to supply power that meets the demand while suppressing the environmental load caused by the change in the amount of power generated by the power plant 1.

Next, a system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a power storage system according to the second aspect of the present invention. FIG. 3A shows a power storage system in a case where power demand in a power consuming area is small. The power plant 1 (means for generating energy) may be of any power generation method as long as it normally functions as a power plant. Examples thereof include a nuclear power plant, a hydroelectric power plant, a coal-fired power plant, and an oil-fired power plant. A power plant, a natural gas-fired power plant, a wind power plant, a geothermal power plant, a coal gasification gas power plant, a waste gasification gas power plant, and a residue oil gasification gas power plant are selected. Further, a power generation system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention described later can also be selected. Of these,
In particular, the effect of the present invention is remarkably exhibited when it is difficult to change the amount of power generation, and when a nuclear power plant or a gasified gas power plant which has a large environmental load is selected.

The electric power generated in the power plant 1 is transmitted to the power consuming area 2, but when the power demand in the power consuming area 2 is small, a surplus of generated energy occurs. This surplus generated energy, in addition to power energy,
It may be in the form of thermal energy. In the second aspect of the present invention, surplus energy is supplied to the water splitting device 3. Decomposition of water is carried out by electrolysis or pyrolysis, depending on the form of surplus energy used. The water supplied to the water splitter 3 may be supplied from the outside of the system, but is preferably subjected to sufficient purification for the decomposition treatment.

The water is decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by the water decomposer 3. Among them, hydrogen is sent to the fuel production apparatus 11 for producing fuel (hydrogen-containing fuel). The produced fuel is stored in the fuel storage 12. Oxygen is also stored as needed. When storing, it may be stored in a gaseous state, but is preferably liquefied and stored in terms of storage volume. At this time, it is also possible to use the cold heat of another liquefied gas for liquefaction, for example, liquefied carbon dioxide generated from the auxiliary power generator 6 described later. Further, heat generated during fuel production can be used for heating the working fluid in the power plant 1.

The system of the second aspect of the present invention uses a hydrogen-containing fuel as a fuel to be manufactured and stored, in other words, as a medium for storing electric energy, and for that, produces a hydrogen-containing fuel from hydrogen. The difference from the system of the first aspect of the present invention is that the fuel production apparatus 11 is provided. The term "hydrogen-containing fuel" as used in the present invention refers to a compound containing hydrogen, and is preferably composed of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen, or nitrogen. Further, a compound having a molecular weight of up to 100 is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of decomposition and the like. Specific examples include methane, ethane, propane, methanol, ethanol, ammonia, formic acid, methyl formate, acetic acid, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, benzene, and dimethyl ether. Of these, methanol, methane, ammonia, formic acid, methyl formate, cyclohexane, benzene, and dimethyl ether are preferred. These hydrogen-containing fuels are liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure, or even if they are gaseous, they are easier to liquefy than hydrogen and are advantageous for storage. Further, a pre-produced hydrogen-containing fuel can be supplied from outside the system. In the fuel production device 11, a hydrogen-containing fuel is produced using hydrogen supplied from the water splitting device 3 and carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide storage 8. In the present invention, the fuel produced by the fuel producing apparatus 11 is not particularly limited among the above-mentioned hydrogen-containing fuels, but the case where methanol is used as an example will be described. The fuel is manufactured in the fuel manufacturing apparatus 11 according to the following equation. (A-1) CO ₂ + 4H ₂ → CH ₄ + 2H ₂ O (a-2) CH ₄ + 1 / 2O ₂ → CO + 2H ₂ (a-3) CO + 2H ₂ → 2CH ₃ OH Here, the formula (a-2) Oxygen is supplied from the water splitting device 3. Also, methanol can be produced according to the following formula without passing through methane. (B-1) CO ₂ + H ₂ → CO + H ₂ O (b-3) CO + 2H ₂ → 2CH ₃ OH Alternatively, methanol can be directly produced from carbon dioxide and hydrogen using a catalyst. (C-1) 3H ₂ + CO ₂ → CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O The obtained methanol can be converted to dimethyl ether according to the following formula, if necessary. 2CH ₃ OH → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + H ₂ O In producing a hydrogen-containing fuel, it is preferable to use a hydrogen-containing fuel production method described later. Thus, the hydrogen-containing fuel produced by the fuel producing apparatus is stored in the fuel storage 12.

When these hydrogen-containing fuels are used as fuel, carbon dioxide may be emitted from the auxiliary power generator 6. The power storage system according to the second aspect of the present invention may further include a carbon dioxide separation and capture device that captures the discharged carbon dioxide. When recovering carbon dioxide, the recovered carbon dioxide can be supplied to the fuel manufacturing apparatus 11 as a fuel raw material. The recovered carbon dioxide can be liquefied and stored. For the liquefaction of carbon dioxide, the cold heat of the liquefied oxygen can be used. When liquefied carbon dioxide is stored, its cold heat can be used for liquefaction and storage of oxygen or hydrogen generated by water splitting and fuel produced by the fuel production device 11.

FIG. 3B shows an electric power storage system in a case where power demand is high in a power consuming area. The power generated in the power plant 1 is transmitted to the power consuming area 2, but when the power demand is high, the generated energy is insufficient. The shortage of power generation by the power plant 1 is compensated for by the auxiliary power generator 6. The auxiliary power generator 6 uses fuel that has been manufactured and stored when power demand is small.
If necessary, oxygen produced simultaneously with hydrogen can be used.

As the type of the auxiliary power generation device 6, any type can be used as long as it generates power using fuel, but it can be fuel cell power generation, gas turbine power generation or steam turbine power generation, or a combination thereof. Is preferred. These auxiliary power generators 6 generate power using fuel and, if necessary, oxygen, and often emit water and carbon dioxide. The released water and carbon dioxide are respectively collected as needed, and liquefied and stored as needed. Water can be easily liquefied at room temperature, but the liquefaction and storage of carbon dioxide can be carried out using the cold heat of the liquefied oxygen. Here, the auxiliary power generation device 6 often discharges heat during power generation. By this exhaust heat, for example, steam supplied to a steam turbine provided in the power plant 1 can be heated. Further, in order to keep the power generation amount of the power plant 1 constant, a control means for controlling the power generation amount of the auxiliary power generation device 6 according to the power demand in the power consuming area 2 may be provided.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a preferred embodiment of the power storage system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A shows a power storage system in a case where power demand in a power consuming area is small. The electric power generated in the power plant 1 is transmitted to the power consuming area 2, but when the power demand is small, a surplus of electric energy occurs. Excess electric energy is supplied to the water splitting device 3 for water. The water supplied for this decomposition is stored in a water storage 7
Supplied from The water storage 7 stores water generated when power is generated using a hydrogen-containing fuel described later. At this time, if the stored water becomes insufficient, water may be supplied from the outside. At this time, it is preferable that the water supplied from the water storage 7 and the water supplied from the outside have few impurities in order to improve the power generation efficiency and extend the life.

The water is first decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by the water splitter 3. In FIG. 4A, the decomposed oxygen is cooled, liquefied, and stored in the oxygen storage 10. On the other hand, the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel production device 11 together with the carbon dioxide stored in the carbon dioxide storage 8, and fuel is produced. The produced fuel is stored in the fuel storage 12, and if the produced fuel is a gas at normal temperature and normal pressure, it is liquefied. The liquefaction of these oxygen and fuel utilizes the cold heat of the stored liquefied carbon dioxide. By liquefying the fuel and oxygen in this manner, the storage volume can be reduced.

FIG. 4B shows an electric power storage system in a case where power demand is high in a power consuming area. The power generated in the power plant 1 is transmitted to the power consuming area 2, but when the power demand is high, the generated energy is insufficient. The shortage of power generation by the power plant 1 is compensated for by the auxiliary power generator 6. This auxiliary power generation device 6 uses fuel that has been manufactured and stored when power demand is small (FIG. 4A). Further, if necessary, oxygen produced by decomposing water can be used. The power generation is preferably performed by fuel cell power generation, gas turbine power generation, or steam turbine power generation, or a combination thereof.
The water generated by the auxiliary power generator 6 is stored in a water storage 7 and used for electrolysis of water when the power demand is small (FIG. 4A). Thus, power plant 1
When surplus power generation occurs, water is electrolyzed to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and electric energy is stored in the form of fuel produced using the same as raw material. Electric energy can be generated by the auxiliary power generation device 6 using fuel to supplement the amount of power generation. Further, in order to keep the power generation amount of the power plant 1 constant, a control unit 41 for controlling the power generation amount of the auxiliary power generation device 6 according to the power demand may be provided. FIG. 4C also shows a power storage system in a case where the power demand in the power consuming area 2 is large. In this example, an exhaust heat recovery device 40 is further provided in addition to the example of FIG. By the exhaust heat recovery device 40, the exhaust heat recovered from the auxiliary power generation device 6 heats the steam of the steam turbine provided to the power plant 1, and the power generation efficiency of the power plant 1 can be further improved.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show an example of a preferred and more specific embodiment of the power storage system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a power storage system in a case where power demand is small in a power consuming area. When the power demand is low, the power plant 1 is operated with a constant load such as nuclear power generation or gasification gas power generation (in the figure, the power plant has a reactor 22, a generator 23, a steam turbine 24, and a condenser 25). Water is electrolyzed with the electric energy produced from the plant, and methanol is synthesized from the obtained hydrogen and stored.

FIG. 6 shows a power storage system in a case where power demand is high in a power consuming area. The auxiliary power generation device 6 includes a generator 17, an exhaust heat recovery boiler 18, a gas turbine 19, a compressor 20, and a combustor 21. When the power demand is high, hydrogen obtained by reforming the stored methanol in the waste heat recovery boiler 18 when the power demand is low and oxygen generated by electrolysis when the power demand is low are supplied to the combustor 21. The gas is generated by a generator 17 provided in a gas turbine 19. The exhaust gas from the gas turbine 19 is sent to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 18. The steam, which is the working fluid of the steam turbine 24 of the power plant 1, is heated using the exhaust heat. Further, the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 19 is separated into carbon dioxide and water in a gas separation device 26 downstream thereof. The carbon dioxide is liquefied, a part is stored, and the remainder is sent to the compressor 20 and sent to the combustor 21 after pressurization. As described above, the power plant 1 and the auxiliary power generator 6 are operated as combined power generation. By this combined power generation, a higher output can be obtained by sending hot steam to the steam turbine 24 than in the case of the power plant alone.

FIGS. 7 and 8 also show an example of a preferred and more specific embodiment of the power storage system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, as compared with the example shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the fuel as methanol is not reformed by the exhaust heat recovery boiler
The difference is that they are supplied directly to With such a configuration, the working fluid to the gas turbine 19 can be increased, and the amount of heat exchanged in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 18 also increases, so that the power generation efficiency of the gas turbine 19 and the steam turbine 24 improves.

FIGS. 9 and 10 also show an example of a preferred and more specific embodiment of the power storage system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the water supplied from the water storage tank is converted into steam in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 18, and a part of the steam is directly mixed with the combustor 21, and the remaining portion is mixed with the reformed methanol and mixed with the reformed methanol. Supply. As a result, the output of the gas turbine 19 can be improved by increasing the steam as the working medium supplied to the gas turbine 19 and decreasing the carbon dioxide. Also, operation is possible without a compressor.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show FIGS. 9 and 10 respectively.
In this embodiment, a compressor is provided with respect to the embodiment described above. With such a configuration, by supplying carbon dioxide from the compressor 20 and steam from the water storage tank to the combustor 21 respectively, excessive heat due to combustion of the combustor 21 is absorbed, and the gas turbine 19 is stabilized. Can be driven. Further, the output of the gas turbine 19 can be improved by increasing the amount of the working fluid supplied to the gas turbine 19. Further, since the flow rate of the gas discharged from the gas turbine 19 is large, a large amount of heat can be recovered. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the gas turbine 19 can be improved.

FIGS. 13 and 14 also show an example of a preferred and more specific embodiment of the power storage system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is characterized in that the water separated by the gas separation device 26 is converted into steam in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 18 and supplied to the combustor 21. The carbon dioxide separated by the gas separation device 26 is stored without being supplied to the combustor 21. With such a configuration, the water separated by the gas separation device 26 is converted into steam in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 18, and
1, the flow rate of the gas flowing into the gas turbine 19 can be increased. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the gas turbine 19 can be improved. Further, the combustor 21 can be cooled to an appropriate temperature by which the power generation efficiency is not reduced by the steam.

FIGS. 15 and 16 correspond to FIGS.
4 shows an aspect in which a compressor 20 is provided for the compressor 4. With such a configuration, the flow rate of gas flowing into the gas turbine 19 can be increased. Further, the combustor 21 can be cooled to an appropriate temperature by which the power generation efficiency is not reduced by the steam. In addition, power generation efficiency can be improved by generating steam by utilizing exhaust heat of gas exhausted from the gas turbine 19.

FIG. 17 also shows a preferred and more specific example of the power storage system according to the second aspect of the present invention. This embodiment is characterized in that air is used as a working medium. In this embodiment, the combustor 21
The cost can be reduced by using oxygen in the air as a part of the combustion gas in the inside.

Next, a power storage system according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a power storage system according to the third aspect of the present invention. FIG.
(A) shows the power storage system when the power demand is small. The gas generated from the gasification furnace 13 can be used as fuel as it is. Therefore, the power can be directly supplied to the power generation device 14 to obtain electric energy, and the electric energy can be transmitted to the power consuming area 2. Gasifiers that can be used in such applications are, for example, coal gasifiers,
There are a refuse gasifier and a residual oil gasifier, and among them, a coal gasifier is particularly preferable because the fuel supply amount is stable.

On the other hand, the amount of gas generated from these gasification furnaces is generally almost constant, and it is difficult to change the amount of generated gas due to problems such as a decrease in power generation efficiency due to a change in operation. Even if you can
Since the components of the generated gas change, which may cause the generation of harmful components, the operation is usually performed so that the generated amount is constant. Therefore, when the power demand is low, the generated gas required by the power generation device 14 is small, and a surplus of the generated gas occurs.

Here, the produced gas contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other components, and a storable or easily storable fuel can be produced from these components. Therefore, when power demand is low,
In the fuel production device 11, fuel (hydrogen-containing fuel) is produced from excess product gas and stored in the fuel storage 12.
The fuel produced is a hydrogen-containing fuel, for example, methanol,
Methane, ammonia, formic acid, methyl formate, cyclohexane, benzene, and dimethyl ether are preferred.
When the fuel to be produced is a gas at normal temperature and normal pressure, it is preferable to liquefy the fuel gas. Thereby, the storage volume can be reduced. The fuel production method in the fuel production apparatus 11 differs depending on which of the above-mentioned hydrogen-containing fuels is selected, but when methanol is selected as an example, the fuel is produced according to the following formula. (1) CO + H ₂ O → CO ₂ + H ₂ (2) CO ₂ + Li ₂ ZrO ₃ → Li ₂ CO ₃ + ZrO ₂ (3) CO + 2H ₂ → CH ₃ OH First, hydrogen is generated by the aqueous shift reaction (1). .
In order to advance this hydrogen generation reaction, carbon dioxide in the reaction system is reduced by the reaction (2). on the other hand,
The hydrogen from (1) and carbon monoxide in the product gas are (3)
By reacting according to the formula, methanol can be produced. From this methanol, dimethyl ether can be further produced according to the following formula. (4) CH ₃ OH → １ ／ (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + H ₂ O Methane can also be produced by the following formula (5) according to the above formulas (1) and (2). (5) CO + 3H ₂ → CH ₄ + H ₂ O In producing the hydrogen-containing fuel, it is preferable to use a hydrogen-containing fuel production method described later.

FIG. 18B shows an electric power storage system when the electric power demand is large. When the power demand is high, the gasification furnace 13
In addition to the generated gas from the fuel cell, the fuel supply (hydrogen-containing fuel) manufactured and stored when the power demand is small is used to increase the power supply amount by the power generator 14.

FIG. 19 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
1 shows an example of a preferable power storage system when the power demand is small. The gas generated in the gasification furnace 13 is distributed to the hydrogen separation device 15 and the fuel production device 11. The hydrogen separator 15 separates a hydrogen-rich gas, preferably hydrogen, from the product gas at a high concentration of hydrogen, for example, 50 to 100 mol%. The separated hydrogen-rich gas is supplied to the fuel production device 11, while the remaining portion is supplied to the power generation device 14 and used for power generation.
When the power demand is small, the demand is covered by the electric energy generated by the power generator 14 using a part of the hydrogen-rich gas. The hydrogen-rich gas separated in the hydrogen separation device 15 is supplied to the fuel production device 11. The fuel production device 11 produces a fuel (hydrogen-containing fuel) using the generated gas from the gasification furnace and the hydrogen-rich gas from the gas separation device 15 as raw materials. The fuel produced here is the same as that described with reference to FIG. Also, when the fuel is gas at normal temperature and normal pressure, FIG.
As described in (a), the fuel may be liquefied.
The produced fuel is stored in the fuel storage 1 as in FIG.
2 stored.

If the power demand is large,
As described in (b), as fuel to be supplied to the power generation device 14, in addition to the gas generated from the gasification furnace 13, a fuel produced and stored when power demand is small is used. Thus, the amount of power supplied by the power generator 14 is increased.

FIG. 20 also shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
1 shows an example of a preferable power storage system when the power demand is small. The gas generated in the gasification furnace 13 is distributed to the power generation device 14 and the fuel production device 11.
The electric energy obtained by the power generator 14 is transmitted to the power consuming area 2, where the surplus electric energy is transmitted to the water splitter 3.

The water splitting device 3 uses the electric energy from the power generating device 14 to electrolyze water supplied from the outside of the system or water discharged from the power generating device 14 to produce hydrogen (hydrogen-containing fuel). Generate The generated hydrogen is supplied to the fuel production device 11. In the fuel production device 11, a fuel is produced from a part of the product gas supplied from the gasification furnace 13 and hydrogen supplied from the water decomposition device 3, and this fuel is liquefied and stored in the fuel storage 12. Also,
Hydrogen can also be generated from the water and the generated gas from the power generation device 14 using the exhaust heat of the gasification furnace and supplied to the fuel production device 11. Hydrogen can also be generated by an aqueous shift reaction using waste heat from the gasification furnace 13 without being generated by thermochemical decomposition by the water splitter 3.

When the power demand is high, as described with reference to FIG. 18B, the fuel to be supplied to the power generator 14 is produced when the power demand is low in addition to the generated gas.
The fuel that has been liquefied and stored may be supplied. The power supply amount can be increased by power generation by the power generation device 14 using the generated gas and the stored fuel.

The power storage system according to the third aspect of the present invention does not require cooperation with another power plant. In other words, by applying this system itself as a power plant, it becomes possible to supply electric power according to the demand for electric power while suppressing the load on the environment.

<Power Generation System> FIGS. 21A and 21
(B), FIG. 22 (c) and FIG. 22 (d) are block diagrams showing a power storage system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention. The seawater decomposition device 51 decomposes water in seawater into hydrogen and oxygen by electric energy. The method of supplying the electric energy required here is arbitrary, but specifically,
Examples include solar power generation, hydroelectric power generation, thermal power generation, geothermal power generation, nuclear power generation, wind power generation, and fuel cell power generation. Among them, solar power generation is particularly preferable because it has a small load on the environment. The seawater decomposed here may be mixed with water generated by a fuel generator 52 or a carbon dioxide separator 53 described later. Separated hydrogen or oxygen, particularly oxygen, is preferably liquefied because it is easy to handle and store and its cold heat can be used. In the liquefaction of oxygen, cold heat of liquefied carbon dioxide, which will be described later, can be used.

The hydrogen generated by the seawater decomposition device 51 and the carbon dioxide recovered by the carbon dioxide separation device 53 described later are supplied to the fuel generation device 52. Fuel generator 5
2 produces a first hydrogen-containing fuel from these hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The first hydrogen-containing fuel in the present invention is a compound containing hydrogen. The first hydrogen-containing fuel is
Those composed of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen are preferred. Further, a compound having a molecular weight of up to 100 is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of decomposition and the like. Specific examples include methane, ethane, propane, methanol, ethanol, ammonia, formic acid, methyl formate, acetic acid, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, benzene, dimethyl ether, and others. Among these, methanol, methane, ammonia,
Formic acid, methyl formate, cyclohexane, benzene, and dimethyl ether are preferred. Of these, methanol is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of handleability.

The fuel generated by the fuel generator 52 in this way contains water. As shown in FIG. 21 (b), the system of the present invention may further include a fuel separation device 55 for separating the fuel and the water, if necessary.
The water separated here may be directly electrolyzed as a supply source of hydrogen and oxygen.
It can also be mixed with the seawater supplied to 1 and supplied to the seawater decomposition device 51.

The fuel generated by the fuel generator 52 is supplied to a power generator 54 after separating water as required. In the power generator 54, the supplied fuel is reformed or decomposed and converted into the second hydrogen-containing fuel. Hydrogen contained in the converted second hydrogen-containing fuel is supplied with oxygen generated by the seawater cracking device 51 and reacts to water,
The reaction energy is extracted as electric energy.
Further, hydrogen may be supplied directly from the seawater decomposition apparatus 51.

Water and carbon dioxide generated in the power generator 54 are separated by the carbon dioxide separator 53, and the separated carbon dioxide is supplied to the fuel generator 52. At this time, as shown in FIG. 22A, the water generated in the power generator 54 is supplied to a further water splitter 58, and the hydrogen obtained by the water splitting is supplied to the fuel generator 52.
Oxygen can also be supplied to the power generator 54, respectively. In addition, as shown in FIG.
The oxygen obtained in 1 or the carbon dioxide separated by the carbon dioxide separation device 53 can be liquefied for easy handling and storage and stored in the oxygen storage 59 or the carbon dioxide storage 57, respectively. . It is preferable that the liquid is liquefied because the cold heat can be used. At this time, the cold heat of liquefied oxygen or carbon dioxide can be used.

FIG. 23 is a more specific block diagram showing an example of the power storage system of the present invention when methanol is used as the first hydrogen-containing fuel. First, in the seawater decomposition device 51, water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. The decomposed oxygen is supplied to the power generator 54, and the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel generator 5.
2 and, if necessary, to the power generator 54. In the fuel generation device 52, the seawater decomposition device 5
A hydrogen-containing fuel (an example of the synthesis of methanol is shown in the figure) is produced from the hydrogen supplied from 1 and the carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide separator 53. The produced hydrogen-containing fuel is supplied to the power generator 54. The power generation device 54 generates electric power using the oxygen supplied from the seawater decomposition device 51 and, if necessary, hydrogen, and the hydrogen-containing fuel supplied from the fuel generation device 52. As a result, water and carbon dioxide are generated, which are supplied to and separated from the carbon dioxide separator 53, the water is discharged out of the system as wastewater, and the carbon dioxide is supplied to the fuel generator 52. In order to operate this system, carbon dioxide (or fuel) is first required, but it is preferable to use carbon dioxide, which is produced simultaneously with methane in a natural gas field, for the fuel generator. Conventionally, only a small amount of such carbon dioxide is recovered and used to the extent that it is used for chemical synthesis, and can be used more effectively. Alternatively, carbon dioxide recovered from a conventional thermal power plant may be used.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a power storage system using natural gas, which is an example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this system, natural gas is first introduced into the system. The introduced natural gas is separated into methane and carbon dioxide by a natural gas separator 61, and methane is supplied to a methane liquefier 62 and carbon dioxide is supplied to a methane synthesizer 63. The methane liquefied by the methane liquefaction device 62 is supplied to the power generation device 64, and electric energy is extracted by power generation. In the power generator 64, water and carbon dioxide are generated, and these are supplied to the carbon dioxide separator 65. Water and carbon dioxide are separated by the carbon dioxide separation device 65, and the carbon dioxide is supplied to the methane synthesis device 63 (that is, the fuel generation device). The synthesized methane is supplied to the methane liquefier 62 to form a cycle.
On the other hand, the hydrogen generated by the methane synthesizing unit 63 is supplied to the water splitting unit 66. The hydrogen obtained by the water splitting in the water splitting unit 64 is supplied to the methane synthesizing unit 63 and used for methane synthesis.

Thus, in the power storage system according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the carbon dioxide (that is, the carbon source of the fuel) is in a substantially closed system and does not emit carbon dioxide. . Thereby, the load on the environment can be reduced.

<Seawater Decomposition Apparatus> In the electric power storage system according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when decomposing water or seawater, an electrolysis apparatus can be used.

FIGS. 25 to 27 show examples of an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater. The device shown in FIG. 25 is a device for desalinating seawater and then performing electrolysis. This device is a desalination device 2 for desalinating seawater.
51, a pure water device 252, and an anode chamber 253 provided with an anode 254, and a cathode chamber 257 provided with a cathode 256 are separated by a cation exchange membrane 255 (transmission part).
The anode 254 and the cathode 256 are connected by an external circuit 258.

The seawater is first desalinated in a desalination unit 251 by, for example, a reverse osmosis method, and then purified in a pure water unit 252 by, for example, an ion exchange resin treatment.
The purified water is introduced into the anode compartment 253, where the water generates oxygen at the anode, while the hydrogen ions pass through the cation exchange membrane 255, generating hydrogen at the cathode. FIG.
And 27 are devices for directly electrolyzing seawater (brine). In these apparatuses, the anode chamber 253 and the cathode chamber 257 are separated by an ion exchange membrane 261 or a diaphragm 271. In the apparatus of FIG. 26, seawater is discharged from the anode chamber as drainage, whereas the apparatus of FIG. Are different in that seawater is discharged from the cathode chamber 257 through the diaphragm 271. All of these generate chlorine at the anode and are industrially used as devices for generating chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

Although any of these devices can be used in the electric power storage system of the present invention, it is more convenient that no chlorine or sodium hydroxide is generated in the system of the present invention. In the present invention, since one object is to reduce the load on the environment, in order to apply these devices to the power storage system of the present invention, when chlorine or sodium hydroxide is generated, It is necessary to remove or to desalinate seawater.

Therefore, to apply to the power storage system of the present invention, it is preferable to use the following hydrogen generator.

FIGS. 28 (a) and 28 (b) are schematic diagrams of an apparatus 281 for decomposing seawater (or water) to generate hydrogen.

The apparatus shown in FIG. 28A includes a seawater introduction layer (that is, an anode chamber) 253, an anode 254, an electrolyte membrane 282, a cathode 256, and a generated hydrogen layer (that is, a cathode chamber) 257.
Consists of The anode 254 and the cathode 256 are porous, and the electrolyte membrane 282 is a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having hydrogen ion selective permeability. As a material of the electrode,
For example, manganese dioxide can be used.

The water in the seawater introduced into the seawater introduction layer 253 is decomposed at the anode 254 into hydroxyl ions and hydrogen ions. The generated hydroxyl ions release electrons to the external circuit 258 in the anode 254, are decomposed into oxygen and water, and are discharged outside the apparatus via the seawater introduction layer 253. The hydrogen ions generated in the anode 254 pass through the hydrogen ion selective permeable solid electrolyte membrane 282, reach the cathode 256, and react with the electrons supplied from the external circuit 258 at the cathode 257 to generate hydrogen. This hydrogen is supplied to a fuel generating device outside the device via a generated hydrogen layer 257.

The apparatus shown in FIG.
3. It comprises an anode (not shown), a cation exchange membrane 255, a cathode (not shown), and a generated hydrogen layer 257. The same anode and cathode as those shown in FIG. 28A can be used. In this apparatus, water in which a water-soluble metal hydroxide, for example, sodium hydroxide, is dissolved is introduced into the generated hydrogen layer.

The water in the seawater introduced into the seawater introduction layer 253 is decomposed at the anode into hydroxyl ions and hydrogen ions. In the seawater introduction layer 253, there are also sodium ions and chloride ions caused by seawater. On the other hand, the generated hydrogen layer 25
7, metal ions are present.

By connecting this apparatus to an external circuit 258, metal ions (sodium ions in the figure) in the generated hydrogen layer 257 pass through the cation exchange membrane and move to the seawater introduction layer 253, where they are chlorided. Reacts with hydroxide ions and hydroxide ions to produce sodium hypochlorite.
On the other hand, in the generated hydrogen layer 257, hydrogen ions are
It reacts with the electrons supplied from 58 to generate hydrogen.

The apparatus shown in FIG. 28 (b) is preferable in that chloride ions are not discharged in the form of harmful chlorine gas but are discharged as sodium chlorite having low harmfulness. By using such a seawater decomposition apparatus 281, hydrogen can be directly extracted from seawater, which is advantageous for the power generation system of the present invention.

As the electrolyzer (hydrogen generator) used in the power storage system of the present invention, the one described above can be used. Particularly preferred is the hydrogen generator of the present invention. It is provided. (1) An anode that selectively generates oxygen without substantially generating chlorine when seawater is electrolyzed. (2) Isolates the anode and cathode chambers and selectively selectively only hydrogen ions. And (3) a cathode for generating hydrogen.

First, the anode that can be used in the hydrogen generator of the present invention selectively generates oxygen without substantially generating chlorine when seawater is electrolyzed. Such an electrode is also called an oxygen generating electrode, and is typically an electrode containing a manganese dioxide-based catalyst. An electrode that does not substantially generate chlorine when seawater is electrolyzed is defined as having a molar ratio of oxygen to chlorine of 90% or more, preferably oxygen 99%, when a saline solution equivalent to seawater is electrolyzed. % Or more.

The anode substrate is preferably one that does not elute into the electrolyte under the operating conditions of the hydrogen generator, and specifically, titanium, platinum-plated titanium, and others are used.
However, it is difficult to prevent the generation of chlorine with these single substrates, and therefore, usually, a combination of catalysts is used. As the catalyst, a catalyst containing manganese dioxide is often used. Specifically, a catalyst in which a base, for example, titanium, is provided with a conductive coating in which manganese oxide is mainly mixed with tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-2
No. 56181), a substrate coated with ruthenium oxide or iridium oxide and then coated with manganese oxide (JP-B-7-53516).
And those described elsewhere. In particular, it is preferable to use one obtained by forming an iridium dioxide layer on a titanium porous body by thermal decomposition and further electrodepositing an oxide containing manganese dioxide. Such an anode is coated with a mixture of an oxide powder, for example, electrolytic manganese dioxide, and an ion-exchange membrane solution to form an anode catalyst layer, which can be used as a support for a membrane described later, and also reduces the contact resistance between the anode and the membrane. It is preferable because it can be performed.

A membrane (permeable portion) that separates the anode chamber from the cathode chamber and allows substantially only hydrogen ions to pass therethrough is also called a hydrogen ion selective permeable membrane. Such membranes include, for example, laminating a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, forming an anion exchanger membrane on one side of the cation exchange membrane, and a cation exchanger membrane on one side of the anion exchange membrane. And can be produced in other ways.

As the cathode, any one can be used as long as it can generate hydrogen, but a cathode which does not elute into the electrolyte under the operating conditions of the hydrogen generator is preferable. Specifically, titanium, platinum black, platinum plated titanium,
Palladium, palladium alloys, and others are used. Among them, a thin film of palladium or a palladium alloy is preferably used as a cathode because it can prevent water from seeping into the cathode chamber.

FIGS. 29 and 30 show a seawater decomposition apparatus provided with these electrodes and membranes. FIG. 29 shows a hydrogen generator including an anode chamber 253, an anode 291 that does not substantially generate chlorine, a hydrogen ion selective permeable membrane 292, a hydrogen generation electrode 293, and a cathode chamber 257. The basic mechanism of hydrogen generation is the same as that of the apparatus shown in FIG. 28 except that ions other than hydrogen ions generated in the anode chamber are confined in the anode chamber by the hydrogen ion selective permeable membrane 292, and only oxygen is generated from the anode. I do. On the other hand, hydrogen ions generated in the anode chamber 253 pass through the hydrogen ion selective permeable membrane 292 and become hydrogen in the cathode chamber 257.

The apparatus for decomposing water and seawater shown in FIG. 29 is provided with a hydrogen ion selective permeable membrane. When the apparatus actually electrolyzes seawater, components derived from components other than sodium chloride, for example, magnesium Due to the presence of ions, calcium ions, sulfate ions, and others, the hydrogen ion selective permeable membrane tends to deteriorate. In order to prevent this, it is preferable to provide a monovalent cation selective permeable membrane on the anode side of the hydrogen ion selective permeable membrane 292. FIG. 3 shows a hydrogen generator equipped with the monovalent cation selective permeation membrane.
0 is shown. In the apparatus of FIG. 30, ions other than monovalent cations contained in seawater cannot reach the hydrogen ion selective permeable membrane 292 by the monovalent cation selective permeable membrane 301, Can be maintained for a long time.

With these devices, hydrogen can be obtained by electrolyzing seawater without generating a basic substance such as chlorine or sodium hydroxide which has a large load on the environment.

<Hydrogen-Containing Fuel Production Apparatus> In the power storage system of the present invention, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen,
Alternatively, a hydrogen-containing fuel is produced using oxygen as a raw material. Although the reaction formula of the synthesis reaction is as described above, generally, by bringing a gaseous raw material into contact with a suspension containing a catalyst under the conditions of 100 to 300 ° C. and 30 to 100 atm. To react. As the apparatus for performing the reaction, those shown in FIGS. 31 and 32 can be used.

In FIG. 31, a suspension 75 containing a catalyst is sprayed from a spraying section 72 provided at an upper portion of a reactor 71. On the other hand, a raw material gas, specifically, a mixed gas of at least two types selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and oxygen is supplied from the lower portion 76 of the reactor 71. The sprayed catalyst liquid 75 comes into contact with the raw material gas and generates a hydrogen-containing fuel gas by a chemical reaction. The generated hydrogen-containing fuel gas is extracted from the upper portion of the reactor 71.

On the other hand, the catalyst liquid deposited in the lower part of the reactor 71 is sent again to the spraying section 72 by the circulation pump 73. Although the temperature of the catalyst liquid 75 is high due to the heat of reaction,
While being circulated by the pump, it is cooled by the heat exchanger 74. As the coolant, water that is inexpensive and easy to handle is used. Further, in the apparatus of FIG. 32, the spray part 72 of the catalyst liquid 75 is provided in the lower part of the reactor 71, and the catalyst liquid
5 is sprayed to blow up. By performing the spraying in this manner, the residence time of the sprayed droplets in the reactor 71 can be increased, and the amount of the catalyst can be reduced.

By using such an apparatus, the contact area between the catalyst-containing suspension 75 and the source gas can be increased. In addition, it is possible to suppress a temperature rise due to reaction heat by efficient heat exchange. When a test was actually performed using the reactor 71 described in FIG. 26,
Under conditions of 250 ° C./100 atm, hydrogen 3 and carbon dioxide 1
Was supplied at a space velocity of 5000 / h, 20% of carbon dioxide was converted. At this time, the temperature distribution in the reactor 71 was within 10 ° C. Further, when the reactor 71 shown in FIG. 31 was used, the same conversion rate as that of the reactor shown in FIG. 32 was achieved even when the amount of the catalyst was reduced by 30%.

The raw material gas may be brought into contact with the catalyst liquid in the reactor 71 to cause a chemical reaction. The supply part for supplying the raw material gas into the reactor 71 includes a catalyst liquid 75 stored in the lower part of the reactor 71. It may be provided inside.

An embodiment of the power storage system according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is as shown in FIGS.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 33, coal is taken into the solar gasifier 331 by solar energy, for example, by condensing sunlight, and the generated heat is an endothermic reaction (6) and (6) below. It is gasified by 7). (6) C + H ₂ O → CO + H ₂ (7) CO + CO ₂ → 2CO

Further, methane is reformed in the solar heat reformer 332 by the following reactions (8) to (10) which are endothermic reactions using heat generated by solar energy. _{(8) CH 4 + H 2} O → CO + 3H 2 (9) CH 4 + 2H 2 O → CO 2 + 4H 2 (10) CH 4 + CO 2 → 2CO + 2H 2

The gasification gas (product gas) obtained from the solar heat gasification furnace 331 and the reformed gas (product gas) obtained from the solar heat reformer 332 are supplied to the fuel production device 333. The product gas supplied to the fuel production device 333 is converted into a hydrogen-containing fuel by the following reactions (11) to (15). (11) CO + 2H ₂ → CH ₃ OH (12) CO ₂ + 3H ₂ → CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O (13) 3CO + 3H ₂ → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + CO ₂ (14) 2CO + 4H ₂ → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + H ₂ O ( 15) 2CO ₂ + 6H ₂ → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + 3H ₂ O

At this time, the solar heat is fixed (converted) as a part of the chemical energy of the synthesized hydrogen-containing fuel. The hydrogen-containing fuel synthesized by the fuel production device 333 is supplied to the power generation device 334.
Is used as fuel to extract energy.

Incidentally, a storage facility for the generated gas may be provided between the solar heat gasifier 331 and / or the solar heat reformer 332 and the fuel production device 333. In addition, the power generation device 334
May be used for power generation after reforming or decomposing the hydrogen-containing fuel. Further, carbon dioxide or water may be collected from the power generation device 334 and reused.

According to this embodiment, a synthetic fuel in which solar energy is fixed as chemical energy can be obtained. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during power generation can be reduced as compared with the case where methane or coal is used directly for power generation.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 34, coal is gasified in the solar gasifier 331 by the following reactions (16) to (18) which are endothermic reactions by solar heat. (16) to produce hydrogen at _{C + H 2 O → CO +} H 2 (17) CO + CO 2 → 2CO (18) CO 2 + H 2 → CO + H 2 O The solar hydrogen generator 335.

The gasification gas (product gas) obtained from the solar thermal gasifier 331 and the hydrogen obtained from the solar hydrogen generator 335 are supplied to the fuel generator 333. The gas supplied to the fuel production device 333 is reacted in the following reactions (19) to (19).
It is converted to a hydrogen-containing fuel by (23). (19) CO + 2H ₂ → CH ₃ OH (20) CO ₂ + 3H ₂ → CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O (21) 3CO + 3H ₂ → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + CO ₂ (22) 2CO + 4H ₂ → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + H ₂ O ( 23) 2CO ₂ + 6H ₂ → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + 3H ₂ O

At this time, the solar energy is fixed (converted) as a part of the chemical energy of the synthesized hydrogen-containing fuel.
The hydrogen-containing fuel synthesized by the fuel production device 333 is used as fuel in the power generation device 334, and energy is extracted.

Incidentally, a storage facility for product gas may be provided between the solar thermal gasification furnace 331 and / or the solar thermal hydrogen production apparatus 335 and the fuel production apparatus 333. Further, a fuel storage facility may be provided between the fuel production device 333 and the power generation device 334. The hydrogen-containing fuel may be reformed or decomposed by the power generation device 334 and then used for power generation. The solar heat reformer 332 may be used in combination. Further, carbon dioxide or water may be collected from the power generation device 334 and reused.

According to this embodiment, a synthetic fuel in which solar energy is fixed as chemical energy can be obtained. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during power generation can be reduced as compared with the case where direct coal is used for power generation. Further, by using hydrogen obtained by solar energy, emission of carbon dioxide during fuel synthesis can be eliminated.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 35, hydrogen obtained by a decomposition reaction by heat generated by solar energy from solar thermal hydrogen producing apparatus 335 and carbon dioxide recovered from carbon dioxide separating apparatus 336 are supplied to fuel producing apparatus 333. Supply. The gas supplied to the fuel production device 333 is converted into a hydrogen-containing fuel by the following reactions (24) to (28). (24) CO + 2H ₂ → CH ₃ OH (25) CO ₂ + 3H ₂ → CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O (26) 3CO + 3H ₂ → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + CO ₂ (27) 2CO + 4H ₂ → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + H ₂ O ( 28) 2CO ₂ + 6H ₂ → (CH ₃ ) ₂ O + 3H ₂ O

At this time, the solar energy is fixed as a part of the chemical energy of the synthesized hydrogen-containing fuel. The hydrogen-containing fuel synthesized by the fuel production device 333 is used as fuel in the power generation device 334, and energy is extracted. The exhaust gas from the power generator 334 is supplied to a carbon dioxide separator 336, where carbon dioxide is separated. Here, carbon dioxide separation may be at least carbon dioxide can be separated, for example, membrane separation, chemical adsorption, physical adsorption, oxygen combustion, steam-water separation,
Alternatively, it may be any one of refrigeration and liquefaction of carbon dioxide, or a combination thereof.

[0097] A storage facility for generated hydrogen may be provided between the solar thermal hydrogen production device 335 and the fuel production device 333. Further, a fuel storage facility may be provided between the fuel production device 333 and the power generation device 334. In addition, the power generation device 334
May be used for power generation after reforming or decomposing the hydrogen-containing fuel. Further, water may be collected by the carbon dioxide separation device 336 and supplied to the solar hydrogen production device.

According to this embodiment, a synthetic fuel in which solar energy is fixed as chemical energy can be obtained. In addition, since carbon dioxide is circulated and reused, emission of carbon dioxide to the environment can be eliminated.

[0099] Even when the power demand in the power consuming area is low, when the power generation amount of the power plant is large and there is surplus power, the surplus power is used to operate a water splitter, for example, to operate hydrogen or hydrogen. In addition to generating and storing hydrogen-containing fuel, even when power demand is high in a power consuming area, when there is a large amount of power generation at the power plant and there is surplus power, the surplus power is used. For example, a water splitter can be activated to produce and store hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuel.

When the power demand in the power consuming area is high and the power generation amount of the power station is small and there is no or little surplus power, for example, the auxiliary power generation device is operated to generate the power, Not only to supply to the land, but also when the power demand in the power consumption area is small, when the power generation amount of the power plant is small and there is no or little surplus power, for example, by operating an auxiliary power generation device Electric power can be generated and supplied to power consumption areas.

The energy generated by the means for generating energy is not limited to energy used in various factories such as ironworks, as long as a water splitter and an auxiliary power generator can be operated. Energy generated in a factory may be used. In that case, even if the energy in the factory is surplus energy in the factory,
It is not necessary.

[0102]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to supply electric power that meets demand while suppressing the load on the environment, for example, the emission of carbon dioxide, and to use surplus electric power as fuel. It can be stored in the form of Further, according to the seawater decomposition apparatus of the present invention, hydrogen can be obtained without producing by-products harmful to the environment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the present invention (when power demand is small).

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the present invention (when power demand is high).

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the present invention (when power demand is small).

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the present invention (when power demand is high).

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the present invention (when power demand is small).

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a power storage system (when power demand is high) according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to the second embodiment of the present invention (when power demand is small).

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a power storage system (when power demand is high) according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to the second embodiment of the present invention (when power demand is small).

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a power storage system (when power demand is high) according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the present invention (when power demand is small).

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to the second embodiment of the present invention (when power demand is high).

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a carbon dioxide circulating power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram of a carbon dioxide circulating power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram of a carbon dioxide circulating power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram of a carbon dioxide circulating power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of a seawater decomposition apparatus that can be used in the carbon dioxide circulating power generation system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of a seawater decomposition apparatus that can be used in the carbon dioxide circulating power generation system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a schematic view of a seawater decomposition apparatus that can be used in the carbon dioxide circulating power generation system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a schematic view of a seawater decomposition apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a schematic view of a seawater decomposition apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a schematic view of a seawater decomposition apparatus that can be used in the carbon dioxide circulating power generation system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a schematic view of a hydrogen-containing fuel producing apparatus that can be used in the second, third or fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen-containing fuel production apparatus that can be used in the second, third, or fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 power plant (means for generating energy) 3 water splitting device 6 auxiliary power generating device 11 fuel manufacturing device 13 gasifier 14 power generating device 253 anode chamber 254 anode 255 ion exchange membrane 256 cathode 257 cathode chamber 282 electrolyte membrane 291 oxygen generating electrode 292 hydrogen ion selective permeable membrane 293 hydrogen generating electrode 301 monovalent cation selective permeable membrane 331 solar thermal gasifier 332 solar thermal reformer 333 fuel production equipment 334 power generation equipment 335 solar thermal hydrogen production equipment 336 carbon dioxide separation equipment

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Keiji Murata 1 Toshiba-cho, Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saisaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) Takashi Nakagaki, Inventor Takashi Nakagaki Yuki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Komukai Toshiba 1 Toshiba R & D Center (72) Inventor Masakuni Sasaki 2-4 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Pref. Toshiba Keihin Works Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masafumi Fukuda Tokyo 1-1-1, Shibaura, Minato-ku Toshiba Corporation Head Office

Claims (35)

[Claims] 1. A power generator comprising: a water splitter for decomposing water with energy obtained from energy generating means to generate hydrogen and oxygen; and an auxiliary power generator for generating electric power using the generated hydrogen as fuel. A storage system for storing hydrogen generated by operating a water splitter using the energy of the energy generating means when the power demand is small, and storing the hydrogen together with the energy generating means when the power demand is high. A power storage system characterized in that power is generated by operating the auxiliary power generator using the fuel as a fuel. 2. A water splitting apparatus for splitting water with energy obtained from an energy generating means to generate hydrogen and oxygen, a fuel manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing fuel from the generated hydrogen, and a manufacturing method. And an auxiliary power generator for generating power using the hydrogen-containing fuel as a fuel, wherein the water splitting device and the fuel producing device are operated by the energy of the means for generating the energy when the power demand is small. Means for storing the generated hydrogen-containing fuel and generating the energy when the power demand is high, and generating electricity by operating the auxiliary power generator using the hydrogen-containing fuel as fuel. system. 3. An electric power comprising: a gasifier; a fuel production apparatus for producing a hydrogen-containing fuel from a product gas generated from the gasifier; and a power generator for generating electric power using the produced hydrogen-containing fuel as a fuel. A storage system for storing hydrogen-containing fuel produced from the product gas generated by the gasifier when the power demand is low, and operating the power generation device using the hydrogen-containing fuel as fuel when the power demand is high. A power storage system characterized by performing power generation by using an electric power. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a device for liquefying at least one of hydrogen and oxygen generated by water splitting, and a storage for storing the liquefied oxygen or hydrogen. A power storage system as described. 5. An apparatus for liquefying at least one of oxygen generated by water splitting and a hydrogen-containing fuel produced by the fuel production apparatus, and a storage for storing the liquefied oxygen or the hydrogen-containing fuel. The power storage system according to claim 2, comprising: 6. The power storage system according to claim 1, wherein water discharged from said auxiliary power generation device is supplied to said water splitting device. 7. The power storage system according to claim 2, wherein water discharged from the auxiliary power generation device is supplied to the water splitting device. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a control device for maintaining a constant power generation amount from said energy generating means and controlling a power generation output of said auxiliary power generation device according to a power demand. A power storage system as described. 9. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a control device for maintaining a constant power generation amount from said energy generating means and controlling a power generation output of said auxiliary power generation device according to a power demand. A power storage system as described. 10. The power storage system according to claim 2, further comprising a device for separating and recovering carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide and water discharged from the auxiliary power generation device. 11. The power storage system according to claim 10, further comprising an apparatus for liquefying the separated and recovered carbon dioxide, and a storage for storing the liquefied carbon dioxide. 12. The power storage system according to claim 10, wherein the separated and recovered carbon dioxide is supplied to the fuel production device. 13. The electric power storage according to claim 1, further comprising an exhaust heat recovery device that heats the working fluid of the means for generating the energy by using the exhaust heat discharged from the auxiliary power generation device. system. 14. The electric power storage according to claim 2, further comprising an exhaust heat recovery device for heating the working fluid of the means for generating the energy by using the exhaust heat discharged from the auxiliary power generation device. system. 15. The power storage system according to claim 3, further comprising an apparatus for liquefying the produced hydrogen-containing fuel, and a storage for storing the liquefied hydrogen-containing fuel. 16. The fuel cell according to claim 3, further comprising a hydrogen separator for separating hydrogen from a product gas generated in the gasification furnace, and supplying the separated hydrogen to the fuel production apparatus. Power storage system. 17. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a water splitter for electrolyzing water discharged from the power generator and supplying hydrogen generated by the decomposition to the fuel production apparatus. Power storage system. 18. A seawater decomposition apparatus for decomposing seawater, a fuel generation apparatus for generating a first hydrogen-containing fuel from hydrogen generated by the seawater decomposition apparatus and carbon dioxide, and a first hydrogen-containing fuel A power generating device that generates power using a second hydrogen-containing fuel generated by reforming or decomposing the fuel, separating carbon dioxide and water generated by the power generating device, and separating the carbon dioxide into the fuel generating device. A power storage system comprising: a carbon dioxide separation device for supplying to a power supply. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein water separated by said carbon dioxide separator is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, and said hydrogen is supplied to said fuel generator and said oxygen is supplied to said power generator. An electric power storage system according to claim 1. 20. The power storage system according to claim 18, further comprising a fuel separation device that separates water from the first hydrogen-containing fuel generated from the fuel generation device. 21. The power storage system according to claim 18, further comprising a storage for storing the first hydrogen-containing fuel generated by the fuel generation device. 22. The electric power storage system according to claim 18, further comprising a device for liquefying the oxygen obtained by the seawater decomposition device, and a storage for storing the liquefied oxygen. 23. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a device for liquefying the carbon dioxide separated by said carbon dioxide separation device, and a storage for storing the liquefied carbon dioxide.
9. The power storage system according to 8. 24. A seawater decomposer comprising the following members. (1) An anode that selectively generates oxygen without substantially generating chlorine when seawater is electrolyzed. (2) Isolates the anode and cathode chambers and selectively selectively only hydrogen ions. And (3) a cathode for generating hydrogen. 25. The seawater decomposer according to claim 24, further comprising a membrane that substantially transmits only monovalent cations on the anode side of the transmission section that selectively transmits only hydrogen ions. 26. A solar heat gasifier for gasifying a carbon-containing compound by solar heat, a fuel production device for generating a hydrogen-containing fuel from a gasified gas generated by the solar gasifier, and A power storage system, comprising: a power generation device that generates power as a power supply. 27. A solar heat reformer for reforming a hydrogen-containing compound by solar heat, a fuel production device for generating a hydrogen-containing fuel from the reformed gas generated by the solar heat reformer, and a fuel for producing the hydrogen-containing fuel. A power storage system, comprising: a power generation device that generates power as a power supply. 28. A solar thermal gasifier for gasifying a carbon-containing compound by solar heat, a solar thermal reformer for reforming a hydrogen-containing compound by solar heat, a gasified gas generated by the solar thermal gasifier and the solar heat An electric power storage system, comprising: a fuel production device that generates hydrogen-containing fuel from reformed gas generated by a reformer; and a power generation device that generates power using the hydrogen-containing fuel as fuel. 29. A solar thermal hydrogen generator for producing hydrogen from water by solar heat, wherein hydrogen generated by the solar thermal hydrogen generator is supplied to the fuel producing apparatus.
29. The power storage system according to any one of claims 28. 30. The power storage system according to claim 26, further comprising a carbon dioxide separation device for separating carbon dioxide generated by said power generation device. 31. The power storage system according to claim 30, wherein the carbon dioxide separated by the carbon dioxide separation device is supplied to the solar gasifier, the solar reformer, or the fuel production device. 32. A solar thermal hydrogen producing apparatus for producing hydrogen from water by solar heat, a fuel producing apparatus for producing a hydrogen-containing fuel from hydrogen produced by the solar thermal hydrogen producing apparatus and carbon dioxide, and the hydrogen-containing fuel A power generation device that generates power using the fuel as a fuel, separating carbon dioxide generated by the power generation device,
A carbon dioxide separation device for supplying the carbon dioxide to the fuel production device. 33. The power storage system according to claim 32, wherein the water separated by the carbon dioxide separation device is supplied to the solar thermal hydrogen production device. 34. The power storage system according to claim 29, wherein power is generated after the hydrogen-containing fuel is reformed or decomposed by the power generator. 35. The power storage system according to claim 29, wherein the oxygen generated by the solar thermal hydrogen production device is supplied to the power generation device.