CN111798438B - Intravascular ultrasound image intelligent segmentation method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent segmentation method and system for intravascular ultrasound images, which comprises the following steps: acquiring an IVUS image and an OCT image in a blood vessel; registering the IVUS image and the OCT image; acquiring an OCT image lumen segmentation result through lumen segmentation; mapping the OCT image lumen segmentation result to the IVUS image to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour, putting the IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour into a movable contour model, and minimizing an energy function of the movable contour model to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour; and acquiring the regional gradient of the neighborhood in the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour, searching a local optimal point, and optimizing the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation result. The invention utilizes the high-resolution OCT image to generate the initialization contour, the quality of the initialization contour is higher than that of the initialization contour directly generated in the IVUS image, and the final segmentation result is closer to a real boundary.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to cardiovascular interventional surgery, belongs to the field of medical image segmentation, and particularly relates to an intravascular ultrasound image intelligent segmentation method and system.
Background
In recent years, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging has become more and more widely used in clinical diagnosis and interventional therapy of vascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease. The IVUS image can reflect the change of the blood vessel inner cavity, and can also reflect the information of the cross section structure of the blood vessel including plaque, the thickness of the blood vessel wall, the plaque components and the like. Generally, IVUS images contain three layers of annular structures: the inner layer is expressed as a strong echo bright ring and is histologically composed of an inner membrane and an inner elastic membrane; the middle layer is a middle membrane and is expressed as a low echo dark zone; the outer layer is a bright strong echogenic zone and is histologically composed of an outer membrane and an outer membrane elastic membrane. The IVUS image is segmented, mainly to extract the vessel lumen boundary and the tunica media boundary, and the current clinically commonly used means is manual segmentation, which is generally segmented frame by an experienced doctor. Generally, each IVUS image sequence contains thousands of images, the manual segmentation method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and has poor repeatability, and the segmentation result also depends on the experience and subjective factors of the segmenter to a great extent.
When the digital image processing method is adopted to automatically segment the IVUS image, the problems of high noise, low resolution, image artifacts, calcified shadows and the like of the IVUS image are faced. The current algorithms for IVUS image segmentation are mainly graph search, active contour model, etc. Compared with the traditional conventional image segmentation algorithm, the methods are greatly improved, but the methods are not completely automatic, manual intervention is still needed, and how to solve the problem that the full-automatic IVUS image segmentation becomes a research hotspot in the field.
Patent CN103886599A discloses a blood vessel ROI segmentation method based on intravascular ultrasound images, which segments the lumen region of a blood vessel and the lumen membrane contour initialization contour, and then completes the segmentation of a blood vessel plaque by using the prior information of the lumen region information. However, the method has more empirical parameters for initializing the active contour model, is not accurate enough for the initial segmentation of the vessel lumen region, and has poor robustness of the final segmentation result.
Patent CN107909585A discloses a method for segmenting intima in blood vessels by intravascular ultrasound image, which uses a fusion net deep learning segmentation model to extract intima region in blood vessels. However, the method has a large requirement on data, ten thousand labeled images are needed for training an effective segmentation model, and the segmentation effect of the model trained by using a small amount of data is even inferior to that of the traditional segmentation algorithm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, when an active contour model is adopted for initialization, more experience parameters are utilized, initial segmentation is not accurate enough, so that the robustness of the final segmentation result is poor, or the requirement of training data is large when a fusion Net deep learning segmentation model is used, or manual segmentation consumes time, is large in workload and poor in repeatability, and the segmentation result also depends on the experience and subjective factors of a segmenter.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an intelligent segmentation method for intravascular ultrasound images comprises the following steps: s1: acquiring intravascular optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound images; the intravascular ultrasound image is a first modality image, namely an IVUS image; the intravascular optical coherence tomography is a second modality image, namely an OCT image; s2: registering the first modality image and the second modality image; s3: obtaining a lumen segmentation result of the second modality image through lumen segmentation; s4: mapping the second modality image lumen segmentation result to the first modality image to obtain a first modality image lumen segmentation initial contour; s5: the first modality image lumen segmentation initial contour is placed into a movable contour model, and an energy function of the movable contour model is minimized to obtain a first modality image lumen segmentation processing contour; s6: acquiring the regional gradient of the neighborhood in the first modal image lumen segmentation processing contour, searching a local optimal point, optimizing the first modal image lumen segmentation processing contour to obtain a first modal image lumen segmentation result, wherein the first modal image lumen segmentation result comprises a first modal image lumen inner membrane contour and an outer membrane contour.
The invention realizes accurate segmentation of the inner cavity and the outer cavity of the IVUS image by analyzing respective imaging characteristics of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Firstly, an OCT image and an IVUS image are simultaneously acquired in a blood vessel, because the OCT image has high resolution, the lumen outline of the OCT image is extracted through lumen segmentation, then the lumen outline of the OCT image is mapped into a corresponding IVUS image to be used as an initial outline of an active outline model, the energy of the active outline model is minimized to enable the initial outline to be continuously deformed, so that an inner membrane area and an outer membrane area of the IVUS image are extracted, finally, the extracted inner membrane outline and the extracted outer membrane outline are accurately optimized, the regional gradient is calculated, the original point is replaced by a local optimal point, and a final segmentation result is obtained.
When the active contour model is used, the high-resolution OCT image is used for generating the initialized contour, the segmentation precision is higher than that of the initialized contour directly generated in the IVUS image, and the final segmentation result is closer to a real boundary.
The invention relates to a method for detecting an inner cavity and an outer cavity of an IVUS image by initializing a movable contour model according to a corresponding OCT image lumen segmentation result. Compared with the traditional conventional method, the method directly uses the active contour model or the improved algorithm thereof to carry out the full-automatic segmentation of the IVUS image, the method greatly improves the segmentation precision, and greatly simplifies the calculation model on the calculation complexity. Compared with the traditional medical image segmentation algorithm, the method can adaptively segment the inner cavity and the outer cavity of the IVUS image, and the segmentation precision is higher than that of the traditional algorithm.
Further, the active contour model in step S5 is as follows:
wherein E isint(i) Denotes the internal energy, Eext(i) Representing the external energy and N representing the total number of points in the initial contour.
Further, the internal energy Eint(i) The active contour model is kept continuous and smooth in the deformation process, and the normalization process is as follows:
wherein, ciRepresenting the ith active contour point,representing the average distance between adjacent active contour points, maxd representing the maximum distance between adjacent active contour points, the values being updated in each iteration, α and β representing weight parameters whose value ranges from [0, 1%]。
Further, the external energy Eext(i) Is an external force ensuring the convergence of the active contour model, determines the activityMoving direction of the contour model, which is defined as follows:
wherein, I (x)i,yi) Represents a pixel (x)i,yi) Is determined by the gray-scale value of (a),represents a pixel (x)i,yi) Gamma and lambda represent weight parameters, whose value ranges from 0,1]。
Further, in step S3, the lumen is segmented by a deep learning algorithm.
Further, the deep learning algorithm comprises a graph cut method.
Further, in step S1, the intravascular IVUS image and the OCT image are simultaneously acquired by the cardiovascular interventional imaging system.
In another implementation manner of the present invention, an intravascular ultrasound image intelligent segmentation system includes: cardiovascular intervention image module: for acquiring an OCT image and an IVUS image within a vessel; a segmentation processing module: for registering the IVUS image and the OCT image and establishing a mapping model of the IVUS image and the OCT image; acquiring the OCT image lumen segmentation result by a graph cutting method; mapping the OCT image lumen segmentation result to the IVUS image to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour; placing the IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour into a movable contour model, and minimizing an energy function of the movable contour model to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour; acquiring the regional gradient of the neighborhood in the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour, searching a local optimal point, and optimizing the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation result, wherein the IVUS image lumen segmentation result comprises an IVUS image lumen inner membrane contour and an IVUS image lumen outer membrane contour; an output display module: and the segmentation result is used for displaying the lumen intima contour and the adventitia contour of the IVUS image.
Further, the OCT image is intravascular optical coherence tomography, and the IVUS image is an intravascular ultrasound image.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
compared with the traditional medical image segmentation algorithm, the method can adaptively segment the inner cavity and the outer cavity of the IVUS image, and the segmentation precision is higher than that of the traditional algorithm. The method does not need a large amount of data for training and manual operation, segments the OCT image synchronously acquired with the IVUS image by processing, maps the segmented OCT image into the IVUS image, and generates the initialized contour by using the high-resolution OCT image when using the active contour model, so that the quality of the initialized contour is higher than that of the initialized contour directly generated in the IVUS image, and the final segmentation result is closer to a real boundary. The invention has smaller calculation data amount and higher segmentation precision, and promotes the development of the blood vessel ultrasonic image segmentation technology.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for extracting image contours by Graph Cuts;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an implementation of the active contour model to extract the inner and outer membranes of an IVUS image;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an IVUS image;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an OCT image.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
This embodiment 1 is an intelligent segmentation method for intravascular ultrasound images, and proposes a method for detecting an inner lumen and an outer lumen of an IVUS image by initializing an active contour model using a segmentation result of a lumen corresponding to an OCT image in order to realize high-precision full-automatic segmentation of the inner lumen and the outer lumen of the IVUS image. Compared with the conventional method, the method directly uses the active contour model or the improved algorithm thereof to perform the full-automatic segmentation of the IVUS image, the method of the embodiment 1 has the advantages that the segmentation precision is greatly improved, and the calculation model is greatly simplified in the calculation complexity.
The specific steps of this example 1 are:
1. acquiring an IVUS image and an OCT image in a blood vessel; as shown in fig. 4 and 5;
2. registering the IVUS image and the OCT image and establishing a mapping model of the IVUS image and the OCT image;
3. performing lumen segmentation through a deep learning algorithm, wherein the preferred deep learning algorithm is a graph segmentation method, and acquiring the OCT image lumen segmentation result;
4. mapping the OCT image lumen segmentation result to the IVUS image to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour;
5. placing the IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour into a movable contour model, and minimizing an energy function of the movable contour model to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour;
6. obtaining the regional gradient of the neighborhood in the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour, searching a local optimal point, optimizing the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation result, wherein the IVUS image lumen segmentation result comprises an IVUS image lumen inner membrane contour and an outer membrane contour.
When calculating the lumen segmentation of the IVUS image, mapping the segmentation result to the corresponding IVUS image; establishing an IVUS and corresponding OCT image lumen segmentation result mapping model, firstly calculating a high-resolution OCT image lumen segmentation result, then mapping the OCT image lumen segmentation result into an IVUS image to serve as an initial contour of IVUS image segmentation, sending the initial contour into a movable contour model, and calculating an inner cavity segmentation result and an outer cavity segmentation result of the IVUS image by using an energy function of the minimized movable contour model; and calculating the regional gradient of the calculated inner cavity and outer cavity segmentation results of the IVUS image in the neighborhood, searching a local optimal point and further improving the segmentation precision.
The technical solution of this embodiment 1 will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in a cardiovascular interventional procedure, intravascular images are simultaneously acquired by an intravascular imaging system such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) acquisition. And registering the OCT images and the IVUS images correspondingly to obtain the registered OCT images and IVUS images, segmenting the OCT images with higher resolution ratio through a lumen to obtain a lumen contour, transmitting the lumen contour into an IVUS image active contour model as an initial contour, and finally deforming the initial contour by minimizing an energy function of the active contour model to extract the contours of the inner membrane and the outer membrane of the IVUS image.
As shown in fig. 2, the principle of the Graph cut method (Graph Cuts) to solve the OCT image lumen profile is shown. Graph cut methods associate an image segmentation problem with the min cut problem of the graph. Firstly, an undirected graph G is constructed, wherein the undirected graph G is equal to < V, E > represents an image to be segmented, and V and E respectively represent a set of vertexes and edges. The Graph Cuts Graph is provided with two vertexes and edges, wherein the first common vertex corresponds to each pixel in the image, and the connection of every two adjacent vertexes is an edge and is recorded as n-links; besides the image pixels, there are two other terminal vertices, denoted as s (source) and t (sink), and each common vertex and the two terminal vertices are connected to form a second edge, denoted as t-links. Each edge in the graph has a non-negative weight w, which can be understood as cost. A cut is a subset C of the edge set E in the graph, and the cost of the cut is the sum of the weights of all the edges of the edge subset C. And if the sum of all the weights of the edges of one cut is minimum, the cut is called the minimum cut, namely the final segmentation result. The minimum cut is calculated as shown in the following equation:
E(A)=λ·R(A)+B(A)
wherein e (a) represents a cut value, λ represents a balance factor, r (a) represents a prior penalty term, and b (a) represents a region similarity penalty term.
As shown in FIG. 3, a method and steps for extracting the intima and adventitia of an IVUS image using an active contour model are shown. And mapping the OCT image segmentation result into a corresponding IVUS image, and transmitting the result into the active contour model as an initial contour. Setting an energy function of the active contour model under the interaction of internal energy and external energy, wherein the contour is continuously deformed by minimizing the energy function, and the active contour model is stopped at a target contour when the final energy reaches a global minimum value, wherein the energy function of the active contour model is shown in the following formula;
wherein Eint(i) Denotes the internal energy, Eext(i) Representing the external energy and N representing the total number of points in the initial contour. Internal energy Eint(i) The active contour is kept continuous and smooth in the deformation process, and the normalization process is as follows:
wherein c isiRepresenting the ith active contour point and,and maxd respectively represents the average distance and the maximum distance between adjacent active contour points, the values are updated in each iteration, alpha and beta represent weight parameters, and the value range is [0,1 ]]. External energy Eext(i) Is an external force for ensuring the convergence of the movable contour, determines the moving direction of the movable contour, and is defined as formula (4).
Wherein I (x)i,yi) Andrespectively represent pixels (x)i,yi) Gamma and lambda represent weight parameters, with a value range of [0, 1%]。
And finally, calculating the regional gradient value of all the points of the obtained segmentation result in the neighborhood range, and taking the locally optimal point to obtain the optimized inner cavity and outer cavity segmentation results.
Example 2
This embodiment 2 is an intravascular ultrasound image intelligent segmentation system, which includes a cardiovascular interventional image module, a segmentation processing contour, and an output display module.
The cardiovascular intervention image module is used for acquiring an OCT image and an IVUS image in a blood vessel.
The segmentation processing module is used for registering the IVUS image and the OCT image and establishing a mapping model of the IVUS image and the OCT image; acquiring an OCT image lumen segmentation result by a graph cutting method; mapping the OCT image lumen segmentation result to the IVUS image to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour; placing the IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour into a movable contour model, and minimizing an energy function of the movable contour model to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour; obtaining the regional gradient of the neighborhood in the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour, searching a local optimal point, optimizing the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour, and obtaining an IVUS image lumen segmentation result, wherein the IVUS image lumen segmentation result comprises an IVUS image lumen intima contour and an IVUS image lumen adventitia contour.
The output display module is used for displaying the segmentation result of the lumen intima contour and the adventitia contour of the IVUS image.
In this embodiment 2, the OCT image is an intravascular optical coherence tomography image, and the IVUS image is an intravascular ultrasound image.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent segmentation method for intravascular ultrasound images is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring intravascular optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound images; the intravascular ultrasound image is a first modality image, namely an IVUS image; the intravascular optical coherence tomography is a second modality image, namely an OCT image;
s2: registering the first modality image and the second modality image;
s3: obtaining a lumen segmentation result of the second modality image through lumen segmentation;
s4: establishing a mapping model of the first modality image and the second modality image, and mapping the lumen segmentation result of the second modality image to the first modality image to obtain a lumen segmentation initial contour of the first modality image;
s5: the first modality image lumen segmentation initial contour is placed into a movable contour model, and an energy function of the movable contour model is minimized to obtain a first modality image lumen segmentation processing contour;
s6: acquiring the regional gradient of the neighborhood in the first modal image lumen segmentation processing contour, searching a local optimal point, optimizing the first modal image lumen segmentation processing contour to obtain a first modal image lumen segmentation result, wherein the first modal image lumen segmentation result comprises a first modal image lumen inner membrane contour and an outer membrane contour.
2. The intelligent segmentation method for ultrasound image in blood vessel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active contour model in step S5 is as follows:
wherein, Eint(i) Denotes the internal energy, Eext(i) Indicating external energyQuantity, N, represents the total number of points in the initial contour.
3. The intelligent segmentation method for intravascular ultrasound images according to claim 2, wherein the internal energy E isint(i) The active contour model is kept continuous and smooth in the deformation process, and the normalization process is as follows:
wherein, ciRepresenting the ith active contour point,represents the average distance between adjacent active contour points, maxd represents the maximum distance between adjacent active contour points, the value will be updated in each iteration, α and β represent weight parameters, the value range is [0,1 ]]。
4. The intelligent segmentation method for intravascular ultrasound images according to claim 2, wherein the external energy E isext(i) The external force for ensuring the convergence of the active contour model determines the moving direction of the active contour model, which is defined as follows:
5. The intelligent segmentation method for ultrasound images in blood vessels according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the lumen segmentation is performed by a depth learning algorithm.
6. The intelligent segmentation method for ultrasound images in blood vessels according to claim 5, wherein the deep learning algorithm comprises graph cut method.
7. The intelligent segmentation method for ultrasound image in blood vessel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, IVUS image and OCT image in blood vessel are obtained simultaneously by cardiovascular interventional imaging system.
8. An intravascular ultrasound image intelligent segmentation system, comprising:
cardiovascular intervention image module: for acquiring an OCT image and an IVUS image within a vessel;
a segmentation processing module: for registering the IVUS image and the OCT image and establishing a mapping model of the IVUS image and the OCT image; acquiring the OCT image lumen segmentation result by a graph cutting method; mapping the OCT image lumen segmentation result to the IVUS image to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour; placing the IVUS image lumen segmentation initial contour into a movable contour model, and minimizing an energy function of the movable contour model to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour; acquiring the regional gradient of the neighborhood in the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour, searching a local optimal point, and optimizing the IVUS image lumen segmentation processing contour to obtain an IVUS image lumen segmentation result, wherein the IVUS image lumen segmentation result comprises an IVUS image lumen inner membrane contour and an IVUS image lumen outer membrane contour;
an output display module: and the segmentation result is used for displaying the lumen intima contour and the adventitia contour of the IVUS image.
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