CN111796347A - Liquid variable-focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation and driving method - Google Patents
Liquid variable-focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation and driving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111796347A CN111796347A CN202010735917.1A CN202010735917A CN111796347A CN 111796347 A CN111796347 A CN 111796347A CN 202010735917 A CN202010735917 A CN 202010735917A CN 111796347 A CN111796347 A CN 111796347A
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- G02B3/14—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length
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Abstract
The invention relates to a liquid zoom lens based on piezoelectric actuation and a driving method thereof, wherein the liquid zoom lens comprises a lens frame and a driving unit, an elastic material is wrapped on the circumferential side wall of the lens frame to form a closed cavity, and transparent liquid with high refractive index is contained in the cavity; the driving units are distributed on the circumferential side wall of the cavity, radial driving force is provided for the cavity by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, and the transparent liquid in the cavity is extruded and deformed under the driving of the driving units, so that the shape of the elastic material on the surface of the cavity is changed, and the continuous zooming of the variable-focus lens in a certain range is finally realized; the invention has the characteristics of high response speed, compact structure, low power consumption and the like, and the lens is in an adjustable state and is suitable for different optical imaging fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a liquid variable-focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation and a driving method, and belongs to the field of optical devices.
Background
With the continuous development and progress of the technology, the traditional optical zoom imaging cannot meet the requirements of people on an intelligent optical system due to the defects of complex structure, large volume, slow zooming, high control difficulty and the like. A liquid lens, a zoom lens based on the bionic principle of a biological crystalline lens, is widely concerned by people; the flexible liquid lens usually consists of a transparent elastic film and a transparent fluid medium, the structure can realize the adjustment of the focal length without mechanical movement, but the structure has low stability and is easily influenced by external temperature and pressure, so that the research of a novel driving mode and the research of a low-power-consumption and intelligent liquid lens is a current research hotspot.
In 2014, the university of beijing studys (CN 201410144158.6) proposed a dual-liquid based fast zoom device that varied the focal length of the lens by changing the voltage applied to the motorized lens and manually adjusting the angle of the lens rotation device; in 2019, great wei francis dowson eli (CN 201920301531.2) from the united states of america proposed a liquid lens based on the electrowetting effect, in which two immiscible liquids were placed in a sealed chamber, and the shape of the interface between the two liquids was changed by changing the electric field applied in the sealed chamber, so as to achieve the zoom effect; still further US patents (US 8665527B 2; US 8605361B 2) propose a liquid lens based on pressure control, which lens is based on a pressure difference between the inside of the liquid lens sealed chamber and the atmosphere, causing a deformation of the elastic membrane, thereby changing the radius of curvature of the lens.
In the prior art explained above, when the liquid lens is based on the electrowetting effect, such a structure usually requires the manufacture of a packaging cavity with several hundred micrometers and a solid electrode, the structure of the device is complex, and the material and processing costs are high; when the liquid lens is based on pressure control, although the structure is compact, the liquid lens is greatly influenced by temperature, and even some devices improve the structure by arranging a temperature sensor at present, the problems of optical effect and stability of the liquid lens caused by liquid volatilization and gravity effect are not completely solved; generally speaking, all liquid lenses in the prior art have the defects of complex control strategy, poor focal length precision, slow response speed, unclear visual field and the like, so that a novel liquid lens is urgently needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a liquid zoom lens based on piezoelectric actuation and a driving method thereof, which have the characteristics of high response speed, compact structure, low power consumption and the like, and meanwhile, the lens is in an adjustable state and is suitable for different optical imaging fields.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a liquid zoom lens based on piezoelectric actuation comprises a lens frame and a driving unit, wherein an elastic material is wrapped on the circumferential side wall of the lens frame to form a closed cavity, and transparent liquid with high refractive index is contained in the cavity;
the driving units are distributed on the circumferential side wall of the cavity, radial driving force is provided for the cavity by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, and the transparent liquid in the cavity is extruded and deformed under the driving of the driving units, so that the shape of the elastic material on the surface of the cavity is changed, and the continuous zooming of the variable-focus lens is finally realized;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the driving unit is a driving structure, and includes a piezoelectric vibrator and a driving rod, where the driving rod is in an arc shape, one end of the driving rod is adhered to the elastic material on the circumferential sidewall of the cavity, and the other end of the driving rod is fixedly connected to the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator, and a motion state of the driving rod is changed by controlling the piezoelectric vibrator;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the piezoelectric vibrator includes a metal substrate having an arc shape and coaxially engaged with a circumferential side wall of the lens holder; piezoelectric ceramic pieces are symmetrically arranged on two side walls of the metal substrate, are in an arc shape matched with the metal substrate, and are connected with electric signals on the surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the elastic material is a transparent elastic film, and is a polydimethylsiloxane or EVA resin film;
as a further preferred choice of the invention, the lens holder is made of glass, organic glass or rigid transparent material;
in a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high refractive index transparent liquid is distilled water, potassium chromate, or ethylene glycol;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the driving rod is made of phosphor bronze or aluminum alloy;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, three driving structures are adhered to the circumferential side wall of the lens holder, and an included angle between adjacent driving structures is 120 °;
a method of driving a liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation according to any of the preceding claims,
when an electric signal is introduced to the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece, the piezoelectric vibrator converts electric energy into mechanical energy by virtue of the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric vibrator, and provides force along the radial direction of the lens frame for the driving rod, namely the driving rod moves along the radial direction of the lens frame under the driving of the piezoelectric vibrator to extrude the transparent elastic film on the circumferential side wall of the lens frame, the shape of the containing cavity is changed, the curvature of the transparent elastic film is changed along with the movement of the driving rod, and therefore the focal length of the zoom lens is changed;
when the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator is connected with a negative signal, the accommodating cavity is stretched by the driving rod, and the surface of the variable focal lens is a concave lens.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the piezoelectric vibrator is used as an external driving structure of the liquid lens, and is arrayed on the periphery of the lens cavity in the circumferential direction, so that the zooming range of the lens is expanded;
2. the invention can push and drive the extrusion lens containing cavity by controlling the voltage on the piezoelectric vibrator, thereby achieving the zooming effect;
3. the invention has simpler structure and control strategy, and better zooming effect.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a chamber configuration of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the driving structure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a piezoelectric vibrator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a calculation result of the deformation of the driving structure in the simulation software according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein 5a is the calculation result of the deformation of the driving structure during the extrusion process, and 5b is the calculation result of the deformation of the driving structure during the stretching process;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the transparent elastic membrane deforming when the cavity of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is pressed by the driving block, wherein 6a is a schematic diagram of convex lens effect, and 6b is a schematic diagram of concave lens effect.
In the figure: the lens comprises a transparent elastic film 1, a lens frame 2, a driving structure 3, a piezoelectric vibrator 4, a driving rod 5, a fixed end 6, a free end 7, a metal substrate 8 and a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 9.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
The liquid lenses involved in the prior art include two broad categories, liquid lenses based on the electrowetting effect and liquid lenses based on pressure control. The first liquid lens needs a packaging cavity with the size of hundreds of micrometers and a solid electrode during manufacturing, the device is complex in structure, and the material and processing cost are high; although the second liquid lens is compact in structure, the second liquid lens is greatly influenced by temperature, even if a temperature sensor is arranged, the problems of optical effect and stability of liquid lens caused by liquid volatilization and gravity effect still cannot be solved, and based on the problems, the invention provides a liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation.
The liquid variable-focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation mainly comprises a structure, wherein a containing cavity of the lens is made into a structure capable of deforming to different degrees, and when transparent optical liquid is contained in the containing cavity, the liquid pressure in the containing cavity is changed by controlling the deformation of the containing cavity, so that the shape of the surface of the lens is changed; the structure can realize continuous zooming of focal length only by controlling the driving unit for extrusion; compared with the traditional zoom lens, the lens structure has the advantages that the focusing speed and the focusing precision are obviously improved, the existing complex control strategy is avoided, the characteristics of high response speed, compact structure, low power consumption and the like are achieved, and the lenses are all in an adjustable state and can be used in different optical imaging fields such as glasses, portable imaging equipment, artificial lenses and the like.
Specifically, the liquid zoom lens based on piezoelectric actuation comprises a lens frame 2 and a driving unit, wherein an elastic material is wrapped on the circumferential side wall of the lens frame 2 to form a closed cavity, and transparent liquid with high refractive index is contained in the cavity; the driving units are distributed on the circumferential side wall of the cavity, radial driving force is provided for the cavity by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, and the transparent liquid in the cavity is squeezed and deformed under the driving of the driving units, so that the shape of the elastic material on the surface of the cavity is changed, and the continuous zooming of the variable-focus lens is finally realized.
Example (b):
fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment provided by the present application, a transparent acrylic plate is used as the lens holder 2, and may also be made of glass, organic glass or other rigid transparent materials, and fig. 2 shows that a transparent elastic film 1 is adhered to the upper surface and the circumferential side wall of the lens holder 2 to form a closed cavity; the transparent elastic film 1 is a PDMS film with good optical properties and excellent resilience, namely a polydimethylsiloxane or EVA resin film and other transparent films are selected; in order to better shape the sealing performance of the cavity, the lens body needs to be kept still for 10 hours in an environment of 40-50 ℃ after being bonded, and optical liquid with high refractive index is injected into the cavity, wherein the optical liquid can be distilled water or potassium chromate or ethylene glycol, and glycerin with the refractive index n =1.67 is selected in the preferred embodiment; the volume of the injected liquid is controlled, so that the optical film on the upper surface of the lens is in a horizontal state, and bubbles in the cavity are discharged as much as possible, so that the zooming effect of the lens is not influenced.
As shown in fig. 3, the aforementioned driving unit is a driving structure 3, and includes a piezoelectric vibrator 4 and a driving rod 5, where the piezoelectric vibrator 4 includes a free end 7 and a fixed end 6, the driving rod 5 is arc-shaped, one end of the driving rod 5 is adhered to the transparent elastic film 1 on the circumferential sidewall of the receiving cavity, and the other end of the driving rod is fixedly connected to the free end 7 of the piezoelectric vibrator 4, and a motion state of the driving rod 5 is changed by controlling the piezoelectric vibrator 4; the driving rod 5 is made of phosphor bronze, aluminum alloy and other rigid materials; the piezoelectric vibrator 4 is a cantilever beam type bicrystal piezoelectric plate, as shown in fig. 4, the piezoelectric vibrator comprises a metal substrate 8 which is arc-shaped and forms coaxial matching with the circumferential side wall of the lens holder 2, piezoelectric ceramic plates 9 are symmetrically adhered to two side walls of the metal substrate 8, the piezoelectric ceramic plates 9 are also arc-shaped which is matched with the metal substrate 8, meanwhile, the polarization directions of the piezoelectric ceramic plates 9 are distributed along the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic plates 9, when the piezoelectric ceramic plates 9 are adhered, only the polarization directions of the piezoelectric ceramic plates 9 are required to be consistent, and electric signals are accessed to the surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic plates 9. In order to better ensure that the piezoelectric ceramic plate 9 is bonded with the metal substrate 8, the bonded structure needs to be kept still at a high temperature.
The metal substrate 8 of the piezoelectric vibrator 4 is grounded, an electric signal is connected to the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 9, the electric signal can be converted into mechanical energy by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 9, the maximum vibration is generated at the free end 7 of the piezoelectric vibrator 4, the driving rod 5 is pushed to extrude the containing cavity, and therefore zooming is completed, as shown in fig. 5, the movement direction of the driving rod 5 can be changed by simply converting the direction of the electric signal, 5a is a deformation calculation result of the driving structure 3 in the extrusion process, and 5b is a deformation calculation result of the driving structure 3 in the stretching process.
When the electric signal is not applied to the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 9, the surface of the transparent elastic film 1 is kept horizontal, and the lens has no focusing effect and has the same effect as a plane mirror;
when an electric signal is applied to the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 9, the piezoelectric vibrator 4 converts the electric energy into mechanical energy by virtue of the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric vibrator, and provides a force along the radial direction of the lens holder 2 for the driving rod 5, namely, the driving rod 5 moves along the radial direction of the lens holder 2 under the driving of the piezoelectric vibrator 4 to extrude the transparent elastic film 1 on the circumferential side wall of the lens holder 2, the shape of the containing cavity is changed accordingly, the curvature of the transparent elastic film 1 is changed along with the movement of the driving rod 5 at the same time, so as to change the focal length of the zoom lens, specifically, when the electric signal is a positive signal, the piezoelectric vibrator 4 pushes the driving rod 5 to move inwards along the radial direction, the transparent elastic film 1 becomes convex under the extrusion of the driving rod 5, as shown by 6a in fig. 6, at this time, the lens has the same effect; when the electric signal is a negative signal, the piezoelectric vibrator 4 pushes the driving rod 5 to move outwards along the radial direction, the transparent elastic film 1 becomes concave under the stretching of the accommodating cavity by the driving rod 5, and as shown by 6b in fig. 6, the effect of the lens is consistent with that of the concave lens at the moment, and the lens has a diverging effect on light;
the curvature of the transparent elastic film 1 can be changed by controlling the electric signal on the piezoelectric vibrator 4, and the curvature of the transparent elastic film 1 determines the focal length of the lens, so that the focal length of the lens can be directly adjusted by adjusting the magnitude and direction of the electric signal.
In order to extend the zoom range of the lens, in the preferred embodiment, the driving structures 3 are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the lens holder 2 according to a circumferential array, and three driving structures 3 are selected, and the included angle between two adjacent driving structures 3 is 120 °.
The liquid lens provided by the application can better realize miniaturization and integration in the field of optical zooming and can also better exert the characteristics of no electromagnetic interference, quick response and the like of the piezoelectric vibrator 4; the zoom effect has certain advantages no matter the structure or the control strategy is simpler.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The meaning of "and/or" as used herein is intended to include both the individual components or both.
The term "connected" as used herein may mean either a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components via other components.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation, characterized by: the lens comprises a lens frame and a driving unit, wherein an elastic material is wrapped on the circumferential side wall of the lens frame to form a closed cavity, and transparent liquid with high refractive index is contained in the cavity;
the driving units are distributed on the circumferential side wall of the cavity, radial driving force is provided for the cavity by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, and the transparent liquid in the cavity is squeezed and deformed under the driving of the driving units, so that the shape of the elastic material on the surface of the cavity is changed, and the continuous zooming of the variable-focus lens is finally realized.
2. A liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation according to claim 1, wherein: the driving unit is of a driving structure and comprises a piezoelectric vibrator and a driving rod, wherein the driving rod is in an arc shape, one end of the driving rod is adhered to the elastic material on the circumferential side wall of the containing cavity, the other end of the driving rod is fixedly connected with the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator, and the motion state of the driving rod is changed by controlling the piezoelectric vibrator.
3. A liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation according to claim 2, wherein: the piezoelectric vibrator includes a metal substrate having an arc shape and coaxially engaged with a peripheral side wall of the lens holder; the piezoelectric ceramic pieces are symmetrically arranged on two side walls of the metal substrate, are in the shape of a circular arc matched with the metal substrate, and are connected with electric signals on the surfaces thereof.
4. A liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation according to claim 1, wherein: the elastic material is a transparent elastic film, and is a polydimethylsiloxane or EVA resin film.
5. A liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation according to claim 1, wherein: the lens frame is made of glass, organic glass or rigid transparent materials.
6. A liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation according to claim 1, wherein: the high-refractive-index transparent liquid is distilled water or potassium chromate or ethylene glycol.
7. A liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation according to claim 3, wherein: the driving rod is made of phosphor bronze or aluminum alloy.
8. A liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation according to claim 2, wherein: three driving structures are adhered to the circumferential side wall of the lens holder, and the included angle between every two adjacent driving structures is 120 degrees.
9. A method of driving a liquid variable focus lens based on piezoelectric actuation according to any preceding claim, wherein:
when an electric signal is introduced to the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece, the piezoelectric vibrator converts electric energy into mechanical energy by virtue of the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric vibrator, and provides force along the radial direction of the lens frame for the driving rod, namely the driving rod moves along the radial direction of the lens frame under the driving of the piezoelectric vibrator to extrude the transparent elastic film on the circumferential side wall of the lens frame, the shape of the containing cavity is changed, the curvature of the transparent elastic film is changed along with the movement of the driving rod, and therefore the focal length of the zoom lens is changed;
when the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator is connected with a negative signal, the accommodating cavity is stretched by the driving rod, and the surface of the variable focal lens is a concave lens.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114325896A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-12 | 西安交通大学 | Zoom lens with radial telescopic-arch amplifying structure and working method thereof |
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