CN111795293A - 用于低温液化气的存储罐 - Google Patents

用于低温液化气的存储罐 Download PDF

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CN111795293A
CN111795293A CN202010078502.1A CN202010078502A CN111795293A CN 111795293 A CN111795293 A CN 111795293A CN 202010078502 A CN202010078502 A CN 202010078502A CN 111795293 A CN111795293 A CN 111795293A
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extraction
liquefied gas
inner tank
consumer
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CN111795293B (zh
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G.巴特洛克
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Magna Steyr Automotive Technologies
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Steyr Daimler Puch Fahrzeugtechnik AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
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Abstract

一种用于低温液化气的存储容器，具有用于存储低温液化气的内罐和提取装置，提取装置包括浸入内罐中的提取管线，提取管线经由分支点流体连接到消耗管线，使得由消耗器在消耗管线的连接处提取液化气，提取管线经由分支点流体连接到返回管线，使得液化气经由返回管线返回至内罐，在所述分支点上游的提取管线中布置有传热器，以便将从所述内罐提取的液化气加热并转换到气相，在分支点的上游和传热器的下游的提取管线中布置有压缩机，使得气态液化气被压缩机压缩，并且经压缩的液化气的一分流经由消耗管线被引导至消耗器，经压缩的液化气的另一分流经由返回管线返回到内罐。

Description

用于低温液化气的存储罐
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于低温液化气的存储容器，具有用于存储低温液化气的内罐，以及具有提取装置。本发明还涉及一种包括这种存储容器的机动车辆。
背景技术
用于深冷液化气、特别是用于低温液化气的存储容器本身是已知的，并且特别用于机动车辆结构中，以提供燃料，例如氢气，来驱动机动车辆的驱动马达。
燃料可以例如通过内燃机或借助于燃料电池和电马达被转换成驱动能量。
除了与低温介质的存储和处理有关的一般问题外，还出现了针对移动使用的其他问题，特别是与在驾驶操作过程中经常非常迅速地发生的所提取气体量的必要变化有关的问题，以及与需要将存储容器中流通的压力保持在恒定水平有关的问题，特别是如果该压力必须不低于维持驾驶操作所需的特定值。
这样的存储容器内部或其内罐的操作压力通常必须大于用于连接到该存储容器的消耗器的供应压力。然而，内部容器中的高压降低了内部容器的有用的存储容量，因为低温液化气的密度随着压力的升高而减小。
由于各种技术挑战，在用于液化气的现代罐系统中，通常对罐系统进行精炼，但不是朝着较低操作压力这一方向进行精炼，而消耗器所需的操作压力一般性地正在上升。
为了从存储容器中提取，还已知增加其内部的压力；通常，这可以通过使用外部能量或通过布置在存储容器中的传热器或热交换器加热容器内容物来实现，已蒸发的气体可以流过该传热器或热交换器。为此必需的管道必须被引导穿过容器壁，这增加了生产成本并且增加了车辆停止时不希望的热量入射(“蒸发损失”)。容器中的压力积累只有在为消耗器同时提取的情况下才可能出现。实际上，这意味着在填充后(在低于操作压力的压力下进行填充)，最初只能向消耗器供应非常少的量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于低温液化气的存储容器，其具有用于储存低温液化气的内部罐和具有提取装置，其中首先为消耗器提供高的操作压力，并且还可以从罐中提取大量介质。另一个目的是提供一种机动车辆，其包括用于高操作压力的这种存储容器。
该目的通过一种用于低温液化气的存储容器实现，该存储容器具有用于存储低温液化气的内罐和提取装置，其中该提取装置包括浸入内罐中的提取管线，其中提取管线经由分支点与消耗管线流体连接，使得可以由消耗器在消耗管线的连接处提取液化气，液化气优选至少大部分处于液态，其中，提取管线经由分支点与返回管线流体连接，使得液化气可以经由返回管线返回至内罐，液化气优选地至少部分处于液态，其中在分支点上游的提取管线中布置有传热器，以便将从内罐提取的液化气加热并使其转换到气相，其中在分支点的上游和传热器的下游的提取管线中布置有压缩机，使得气态液化气可以被压缩机压缩，并且经压缩的液化气的一分流可以经由消耗管线被引导至消耗器，经压缩的液化气的另一分流可以经由返回管线返回到内罐。
根据本发明，存储容器配备有提取装置，在该提取装置中，在分支点的上游布置有传热器和压缩机，该分支点是允许将流体流分成两股分流的元件，例如T形件。分支点可以将通过传热器和压缩机处理的气体既经由消耗管线引导到消耗器，又经由返回管线返回到内罐。传热器加热从内部容器提取的液化气，并将其优选地完全地转换到气相。压缩机布置在传热器的下游，并且将经压缩的和经加热的气体输送到消耗器，经压缩的和经加热的气体优选地至少大部分为液态，并且可以将一分流返回到内罐，该分流优选地至少大部分是气态，以便确保充分提取液化气。
通过存储容器的这种设计，通常的罐操作压力可以低于消耗器可用的操作压力。如果内罐压力或所提取介质的压力低于(例如由于操作原因，或者由于内罐压力的波动，例如由于连续提取)消耗器所需的介质或气态介质或液化气的压力，则本发明总是独立于操作压力要求提供解决方案。
在本发明的上下文中，术语“液化气”是指在常压和常温下为气态、但可以通过冷却和/或压缩而液化并且至少部分以液态存储在存储容器中的介质。在处理期间，特别是在提取和返回期间，液化气，即存储的介质可以气态和液态两者存在。
优选地，压缩机被构造成将气体压缩到高于内罐中的液化气的压力或高于内罐压力的压力。
减压器优选布置在返回管线中。
压力安全阀优选地布置在减压器下游的返回管线中。
根据本发明的机动车辆包括如上所述的储存容器和消耗器，其中，所述消耗器连接至所述消耗管线，使得所述消耗器能够经由所述消耗管线提取气体。
机动车辆优选地包括冷却流体回路，特别是冷却水回路，其中，冷却流体回路被构造成用于冷却消耗器，其中，冷却流体回路还被构造成将热量供应给传热器。因此，用于传热器的热流可以由消耗器、特别是燃料电池的冷却水回路提供。
附图说明
下面参考附图作为示例描述本发明。
图1是根据本发明的存储容器的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的另一存储容器的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的用于低温液化气的存储容器，其包括用于存储低温液化气的内罐1和提取装置。提取装置包括浸入内罐1中的提取管线2，其中，提取管线2不仅在上管线端部具有开口，优选地主要为气态的介质可以经由该开口进入提取管线2，而且该提取管线还在下部区域流体连接(例如以钻孔形式)到内罐，优选地主要为液态的介质可以在该下部区域中进入提取管线2；其中，提取管线2首先经由分支点3流体连接到消耗管线4，以便可以由消耗器5在消耗管线4的连接处提取液化气，提取管线2其次经由分支点3流体连接到返回管线6，以便气体可以经由返回管线6返回到内罐1。
在分支点3上游的提取管线2中布置有传热器7，从而可以加热从内罐1中取出的液化气并将其完全转换到气相。
在分支点3的上游和传热器7的下游的提取管线2中布置有功率控制的压缩机8，使得气体可以被压缩机8压缩到比内罐1中更高的密度，并且压缩气体的一分流可以经由消耗管线4被引导到消耗器5，压缩气体的另一分流可以经由返回管线6返回到内罐1。
减压器9布置在返回管线6中，以便限制返回内罐1的气体的压力。
压力安全阀10也布置在减压器9下游的返回管线6中。
第一截止阀12布置在消耗器5上游的消耗管线4上，特别是在用于消耗器5的连接区域中。第二截止阀13布置在返回管线6上，特别是在减压器9的下游和压力安全阀10的下游。
设计用于冷却消耗器5的冷却流体回路11用于将热量提供给传热器7。
因此，可以从内罐1中提取低温气体或优选地低温液体，并且将其引导穿过传热器7，由此由于热量供应，优选地借助于消耗器5的冷却水，低温气体或低温液体完全转换到气相，并为消耗器充分加热。然后，功率控制的压缩机8压缩气体并将其以比内罐1中更高的压力输送至消耗器5。为了有针对性地增加内罐1中的压力，或者允许提取气体或液体，气体经由第二截止阀13被传送回内罐1。为了限制返回内罐1的气体的压力，必要时可以安装带有下游压力安全阀10的减压器9。
图2示出了本发明的另一实施例，其中，存储容器具有附加的提取和安全管线18，通过该提取和安全管线18优选地仅气体可以从容器提取。为此，如图2所示，气体截止阀15被致动，或者经由提取和安全管线18以及现在的流体传导阀15，气体可以从内罐1中被取走并引导到传热器7。替代地或优选地附加地，罐系统或存储容器可以在提取管线2中具有截止阀16，以便能够控制经由提取管线2从内罐1中进行的液化气提取，或其到传热器7的进一步引导。如果在罐系统中同时存在截止阀15和16两者，则可以根据功率需求、内罐压力或先前发生的罐事件等更有针对性地从内罐中提取介质。如果例如车辆已经长时间静止，或者例如位于温暖的环境中，则当开始驾驶时，内罐1中的压力可能上升得太大，特别是上升到罐的操作压力之上，如果首先经由截止阀15和提取管路18从内罐1中以气态形式提取燃料或将其引导至传热器7，则对于系统是有利的。例如，如果内部压力较高，但驾驶员计划在短期内加油，则程序类似。在这种情况下，还建议在行驶期间通过经由提取管线18提取气体来降低罐压力。
另一方面，可以使用高内罐压力以较低的功率驱动压缩机8，但是仍然以消耗器5所需的高操作压力向消耗器5提供液化气，从而节省了能量。优选地，在截止阀15打开的情况下，通过提取管线18再次提取气体。但是，例如，如果消耗器5的功率需求高和/或内罐压力低，建议关闭截止阀15并打开截止阀16，在这种情况下，经由提取管线2提取液化气并引导其穿过传热器7。
为了保护罐，在提取管线18处设置了在超压下跳闸的安全阀19。为了完成存储容器，即机动车辆的罐系统，在根据图2的实施例中，还提供了填充联接器14，该填充联接器14允许经由截止阀15和16以及提取管线2和18来填充内罐1。为了使较高的内罐压力不会经由填充联接器14抵消或经由填充联接器14引导到环境中，在提取管线18和填充联接器14之间布置了止回阀17。
附图标记列表
1 内罐
2 提取管线
3 分支点
4 消耗管线
5 消耗器
6 返回管线
7 传热器
8 压缩机
9 减压器
10 压力安全阀
11 冷却流体回路
12 第一截止阀
13 第二截止阀
14 填充联接器
15 气体截止阀
16 液体截止阀
17 止回阀
18 提取和安全管线
19 安全阀

Claims (9)

1.一种用于低温液化气的存储容器，所述存储容器具有用于存储低温液化气的内罐(1)和提取装置，其中所述提取装置包括浸入所述内罐(1)中的提取管线(2)，其中所述提取管线(2)经由分支点(3)流体连接到消耗管线(4)，使得能够由消耗器(5)在所述消耗管线(4)的连接处提取液化气，其中所述提取管线(2)经由所述分支点(3)流体连接到返回管线(6)，使得液化气能够经由所述返回管线(6)返回至所述内罐(1)，其中在所述分支点(3)上游的所述提取管线(2)中布置有传热器(7)，以便将从所述内罐(1)提取的液化气加热并转换到气相，其中在所述分支点(3)的上游和所述传热器(7)的下游的所述提取管线(2)中布置有压缩机(8)，使得气态液化气能够被所述压缩机(8)压缩，并且经压缩的液化气的一分流能够经由所述消耗管线(4)被引导至消耗器(5)，经压缩的液化气的另一分流能够经由返回管线(6)返回到所述内罐(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的存储容器，其特征在于，所述压缩机(8)被构造成将气体压缩到高于所述内罐(1)中的液化气的压力的压力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的存储容器，其特征在于，减压器(9)布置在所述返回管线(6)中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的存储容器，其特征在于，压力安全阀(10)布置在所述减压器(9)下游的所述返回管线(6)中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的存储容器，其特征在于，所述提取装置包括浸入所述内罐(1)中的提取和安全管线(18)，其中所述提取和安全管线(18)布置成使得通过所述提取和安全管线(18)，基本上仅气态液化气能够从容器中提取，其中，所述提取和安全管线(18)流体连接至所述传热器(7)上游的提取管线(2)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的存储容器，其特征在于，在所述提取和安全管线(18)中布置有截止阀(15)和/或在所述提取管线(2)中布置有截止阀(16)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的存储容器，其特征在于，所述提取和安全管线(18)和/或所述提取管线(2)流体连接至用于填充内部罐(1)的填充联接器(14)。
8.一种机动车辆，包括根据权利要求1所述的存储容器且包括消耗器(5)，其中，所述消耗器(5)连接至消耗管线(4)，使得所述消耗器(5)能够经由所述消耗管线(4)提取气体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机动车辆，其特征在于，所述机动车辆包括冷却流体回路(11)，其中所述冷却流体回路(11)被构造成用于冷却所述消耗器(5)，其中所述冷却流体回路(11)还被构造成将热量供应给传热器(7)。
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