CN111795079B

CN111795079B - High-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer and transmission

Info

Publication number: CN111795079B
Application number: CN202010592076.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏小强; 张发勇; 彭立印; 张海涛; 田晨; 高建敏; 李泽; 汪鹏鹏
Original assignee: Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-24
Filing date: 2020-06-24
Publication date: 2024-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-24
Also published as: CN111795079A

Abstract

The invention provides a high-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer and a transmission adopting the same, and aims to solve the technical problems that the service life of a gear of a high-torque transmission is short and the gear shifting is lighter and lighter as required by a user. According to the invention, the annular boss with the conical inner wall is arranged on the gear assembly, and the outer friction ring of the synchronizer is embedded into the annular boss, so that the axial installation distance of the synchronizer is reduced, the tooth width of the gear can be increased without increasing the total length of the transmission, and the bending fatigue and the contact fatigue life of the gear are improved; according to the invention, the locking ring is embedded into the gear hub, so that the axial size of the synchronizer is further reduced, and the gear engaging stroke of the sliding gear sleeve is reduced, so that the length of the rocker arm of the transmission can be increased under the condition that the gear engaging stroke of the cab is unchanged, a large lever ratio is realized, the gear shifting capability of the synchronizer is improved, the gear engaging force and the gear disengaging force of a driver are reduced, and the gear engaging is lighter.

Description

High-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer and transmission

Technical Field

The invention relates to a large-capacity embedded conical synchronizer and a transmission.

Background

With the development of high horsepower high torque manual transmissions, it has become extremely difficult for conventional synchronizers to achieve a smaller transmission length with a smaller installation distance and shift stroke, or to increase the gear bending fatigue and contact fatigue life by increasing the gear width by decreasing the installation distance of the synchronizer with the transmission length unchanged.

In addition, the requirements of users on shifting portability are higher and higher, and drivers are required to have lighter shifting force and gear-shifting force, so that no impact and no feel are caused in the shifting process, and the driving labor intensity is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a high-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer and a transmission adopting the same, and aims to solve the technical problems that the service life of a gear of a high-torque transmission is short and the gear shifting is lighter and lighter as required by a user.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a high-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer;

The method is characterized in that:

Comprises a gear hub, a sliding gear sleeve, a steel ball spring encapsulated slider body and a locking ring; the sliding tooth sleeve is sleeved on the outer circumference of the tooth hub, can axially slide relative to the tooth hub, and can axially lock with the locking ring after axially sliding for a certain distance; the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body is arranged between the sliding tooth sleeve and the tooth hub and is used for providing certain resistance for the sliding tooth sleeve and pushing the locking ring to axially move when the sliding tooth sleeve axially moves; the locking ring is one and is nested at one end of the gear hub; or the locking rings are a pair and are respectively nested at two ends of the gear hub;

The locking ring consists of a circular bottom plate and a cone cylinder arranged in the middle of the circular bottom plate; the annular bottom plate and the cone cylinder are integrated or are connected together in a split way through concave-convex fit; the circumferential outer side wall of the annular bottom plate is provided with lugs protruding outwards in the radial direction at intervals, the gear hub is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves matched with the lugs at intervals, and the clamping grooves are matched with the lugs to realize that the locking ring can only rotate 1/4 of a circumferential section or half of a tooth pitch relative to the gear hub; the outer ring surface of the cone cylinder is a conical surface; the outer ring surface of the locking ring and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the corresponding gear assembly form a friction pair.

Further, the number of the locking rings is one, and N-1 friction rings are sequentially arranged between the annular boss and the locking rings from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an odd number greater than 1; the N-1 friction rings are numbered from outside to inside in sequence along the radial direction, the outer conical surface of the first friction ring and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the gear form a first friction pair respectively, the inner conical surface of the first friction ring and the outer conical surface of the second friction ring form a second friction pair respectively, and the inner conical surface of the N-1 friction ring and the outer annular surface of the locking ring form an N-1 friction pair respectively;

among the N-1 friction rings, the friction ring with odd number is matched with the circular bottom plate of the locking ring through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

Among the N-1 friction rings, the friction ring with even number is matched with the gear through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized.

Further, the pair of locking rings is provided, and N-1 pairs of friction rings are sequentially arranged between the annular boss and the locking rings from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an odd number greater than 1; the N-1 pairs of friction rings are numbered from outside to inside in sequence along the radial direction, the outer conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings and the inner conical surfaces of the annular bosses on the corresponding gears form a first friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings form a second friction pair, and the N-1 pairs of friction rings and the outer annular surfaces of the pair of locking rings form an N-1 friction pair;

Among the N-1 pairs of friction rings, the friction ring with odd numbers is connected with the circular bottom plate of the locking ring in a matched manner through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

among the N-1 pairs of friction rings, the friction ring with even number is connected with the corresponding gear in a matched manner through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized.

Further, the internal teeth of the sliding tooth sleeve comprise a long tooth group and a short tooth group; the long tooth groups and the short tooth groups are uniformly and alternately arranged along the inner circle of the sliding tooth sleeve;

the long tooth group comprises a plurality of standard meshing teeth; the standard meshing teeth are used for meshing with the combined gear rings on the corresponding gears so as to transmit power; the two sides of the standard meshing teeth in the axial direction are provided with first chamfer inclined planes;

the short tooth group comprises a plurality of locking teeth; the locking teeth are used for being meshed with spline locking teeth of the locking ring so as to lock; the two sides of the locking tooth in the axial direction are provided with second chamfer slopes;

the gear hub is provided with long spline teeth and short spline teeth which are alternately arranged, and a groove-shaped structure is formed between the short spline teeth and the adjacent long spline teeth;

a plurality of locking tooth groups are arranged on the circumferential outer side wall of the annular bottom plate at intervals;

The locking tooth group comprises a plurality of spline locking teeth; the tooth side of the spline locking tooth is provided with a bevel which is used for contacting with a second chamfer bevel on the locking tooth; a yielding gap is formed between two adjacent locking tooth groups and is used for avoiding interference between the locking ring and the long spline teeth of the gear hub; the lug is positioned in the middle of the yielding opening;

The locking ring is axially nested on the gear hub; spline locking teeth on the locking ring are positioned in the groove-shaped structure; long spline teeth on the gear hub are positioned in the yielding notch;

The plurality of locking teeth can be divided into two identical locking units, and a limiting boss is arranged between the two locking units and is used for contacting with a corresponding combined gear ring so as to limit the axial movement stroke of the sliding tooth sleeve;

Correspondingly, a first abdication groove is formed after a plurality of teeth are removed at the corresponding positions on the gear hub, and a second abdication groove is formed after a plurality of spline locking teeth are removed at the corresponding positions on the locking ring, so that interference with the limiting boss is avoided.

Further, the outer ring surface and the inner ring surface are respectively provided with a communicated lubricating oil hole; a radial lubrication through groove is formed in the small end face of the cone cylinder; and the small end surfaces of the N-1 or N-1 pair of friction rings are respectively provided with a lubricating oil groove.

Further, a transition fillet combination structure is arranged between the transition part of the outer ring surface and the annular bottom plate.

The invention also provides another high-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer,

The method is characterized in that:

the device comprises a gear hub, a sliding gear sleeve, a steel ball spring encapsulated slider body, one/pair of locking rings and N/pairs of friction rings which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an even number greater than 2;

The sliding tooth sleeve is sleeved on the outer circumference of the tooth hub, can axially slide relative to the tooth hub, and can axially lock with the locking ring after axially sliding for a certain distance; the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body is arranged between the sliding tooth sleeve and the tooth hub and is used for providing certain resistance for the sliding tooth sleeve and pushing the locking ring to axially move when the sliding tooth sleeve axially moves; when the locking ring is one, the locking ring is nested at the end part of the gear hub; the locking rings are a pair of pairs and are respectively nested at two ends of the gear hub;

The locking ring is in a ring shape, the outer side wall of the circumference of the locking ring is provided with lugs protruding outwards in the radial direction, the gear hub is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves at intervals, the clamping grooves are matched with the lugs, and the locking ring can only rotate 1/4 of a circumferential section or half of a tooth pitch relative to the gear hub by matching the clamping grooves with the lugs;

The N/pairs of friction rings are numbered from outside to inside in sequence along the radial direction, so that the outer conical surface of one/pair of first friction rings and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the corresponding gear form a first friction pair, the inner conical surface of one/pair of first friction pairs and the outer conical surface of one/pair of second friction rings form a second friction pair respectively, and the like, and the inner conical surface of one/pair of N-1 friction rings and the outer conical surface of the N friction ring form an N friction pair respectively;

among the N friction rings, the friction ring with odd number is connected with the circular bottom plate of the locking ring in a matched manner through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

Among the N friction rings, the friction rings with even numbers are connected with the corresponding gears in a matched manner through concave-convex structures, so that synchronous rotation is realized.

A plurality of locking tooth groups are arranged on the outer side wall of the circumference of the locking ring at intervals;

Further, lubrication grooves are formed in the small end faces of the N friction rings.

A transmission comprising a synchronizer and a gear assembly; the special feature is that: the synchronizer is the high-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer; the gear assembly comprises a gear and a combined gear ring; the gear and the combined gear ring are formed by adopting integrated forging, and are fixedly connected by axial welding or radial welding; the annular boss is arranged on the abdomen of the gear; or is arranged on the inner side wall of the combined gear ring; or a part of the gear is arranged on the gear belly part and a part of the gear is arranged on the inner side wall combined with the gear ring.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. In the prior art, a conical surface body is arranged on a combined gear ring, and the inner conical surface of an inner friction ring of a synchronizer is matched with the conical surfaces of a pair of combined gear rings to form a pair of friction pairs; the annular boss with the conical inner wall is arranged on the gear web plate, and the outer friction ring of the synchronizer is embedded into the annular boss, so that the axial installation distance of the synchronizer is reduced, the tooth width of the gear can be increased under the condition that the total length of the transmission is not increased, and the bending fatigue and the contact fatigue life of the gear are improved; because the invention reduces the installation distance of the synchronizer, the total length of the transmission can be reduced under the condition of not changing the tooth width of the existing gear.

2. The gear hub is provided with the long spline teeth and the short spline teeth, and a space for accommodating the spline locking teeth on the locking ring can be formed between the long spline teeth and the short spline teeth, so that the locking ring can be embedded into the gear hub, the axial size of the synchronizer is further reduced, the gear engaging stroke of the sliding gear sleeve is reduced, the length of a rocker arm of the transmission can be allowed to be increased under the condition that the gear engaging stroke of a cab is unchanged, the large lever ratio is realized, the gear shifting capability of the synchronizer is improved, the gear engaging force and the gear disengaging force of a driver are reduced, and the gear engaging is lighter.

3. According to the invention, the sliding tooth sleeve adopts a long and short tooth separated design, and long teeth do not participate in locking, so that the distance between the end face of the long teeth and the end face of the gear ring can be made smaller, and the probability of secondary ring shifting impact is reduced.

4. In the traditional scheme, the sliding tooth sleeve only has long teeth, and is engaged with the gear and locked, the locking angle is only one, the requirements of reliable locking and quick entering for convenient gear engagement cannot be met, and only the angle of the locking angle can be selected in a compromise; the sliding tooth sleeve is designed in a separated mode of long and short teeth, the long teeth are in charge of meshing gear engagement, the locking angle on the long teeth can be smaller so as to quickly enter the gear engagement, the short teeth are in charge of locking, and the locking angle on the short teeth can be larger so as to improve the locking reliability.

5. The outer conical surface in the outer friction ring in the traditional structure is matched with the outer conical surface of the gear ring frustum to form a friction pair, as shown in (a) of fig. 34; the friction pair formed by matching the outer conical surface of the outer friction ring with the inner conical surface of the annular boss of the gear is shown in (b) of fig. 34; compared with the traditional structure, the friction radius of the synchronizer is generally increased by the thickness of about one outer friction ring frustum, so that the friction moment is increased, the gear shifting performance of the synchronizer is obviously optimized, and the synchronization capacity is larger.

6. In the traditional scheme, the combined gear ring and the gear are connected through the spline, so that the radial space of the synchronizer is limited, the spline between the combined gear ring and the gear is canceled, the combined gear ring and the gear are forged into a whole, or the combined gear ring and the gear are welded into a whole, and the radial space is saved.

7. The invention adopts the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body structure, and can ensure that the steel ball and the spring can not be separated from the sliding block body after the synchronizer is shifted up, thereby using smaller sliding sleeve width and realizing smaller installation distance and shift stroke.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high capacity embedded single cone synchronizer configuration.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial schematic view of a sliding sleeve in a single cone synchronizer.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the hub in a single cone synchronizer.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first configuration of a locking ring in a single cone synchronizer.

FIG. 5 is a second schematic diagram of a first configuration of a locking ring in a single cone synchronizer.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another construction of a locking ring in a single cone synchronizer.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first gear assembly mated with a single cone synchronizer.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second gear assembly mated with a single cone synchronizer.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a high capacity embedded double cone synchronizer configuration.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the lock ring in the double cone synchronizer.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the first friction ring in the double cone synchronizer.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a first construction of a second friction ring in a double cone synchronizer.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a second construction of a second friction ring in a double cone synchronizer.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the configuration of a first gear assembly and a second gear assembly mated with a double cone synchronizer.

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a high capacity embedded tricone synchronizer configuration.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a lock ring in a three-cone synchronizer.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a second configuration of a lock ring in a three-cone synchronizer.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a high capacity embedded four cone synchronizer configuration.

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a locking ring in a four cone synchronizer.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a locking ring in a four cone synchronizer.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram III of a locking ring in a four cone synchronizer.

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a first gear assembly configured to mate with a four cone synchronizer.

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram II of a first gear assembly configured to mate with a four cone synchronizer.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of a high capacity embedded five cone synchronizer configuration.

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of a lock ring in a five cone synchronizer.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a lock ring in a five cone synchronizer.

FIG. 27 is a schematic view of a transition fillet combination on a lock ring/gear.

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the friction cone ring lubrication circuit configuration of a five cone synchronizer.

Fig. 29 is a schematic view of a gear and integrated ring gear spline precision forging configuration.

Fig. 30 is a schematic view of a split axial weld configuration of a gear and a bonded ring gear.

Fig. 31 is a schematic view of a split radial welding structure of a gear and a coupling ring gear.

FIG. 32 is an exploded view of a five cone synchronizer.

FIG. 33 is a schematic representation of two alternative placement positions of an annular boss on a gear assembly of the present invention, (a) with the annular boss partially located on the gear web and partially located on the inner side wall of the coupling ring gear; (b) the annular boss is positioned on the inner side wall of the combined gear ring.

FIG. 34 is a comparative illustration of the friction radius of the outer friction ring in a conventional configuration and the friction radius of the outer friction ring of the present invention, (a) is an illustration of the friction radius of the outer friction ring in a conventional configuration, the inner conical surface of the outer friction ring and the outer conical surface of the ring gear frustum cooperate to form a friction pair; (b) In order to show the friction radius of the outer friction ring, the outer conical surface of the outer friction ring is matched with the inner conical surface of the annular boss to form a friction pair.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1-a first gear assembly; 11-a first gear; 111-large fillets; 12-a first coupling ring gear; 121-a first bond tooth; 13-a first annular boss; 131-a first annular boss inner conical surface; 14-a second groove; 15-a first limiting platform; 16-fourth grooves; 17-a non-closed groove structure; 18-a first transition fillet composite structure;

2-a second gear assembly; 21-a second gear; 211-large fillets; 22-a second coupling ring gear; 221-a second binding tooth; 23-a second annular boss; 231-a second annular boss inner conical surface; 24-groove; 25-a second limiting platform; 28-a second transition fillet composite structure;

3-sliding tooth sleeve; 31-standard meshing teeth; 311-a first chamfer bevel; 32-locking teeth; 321-a second chamfer bevel; 33-limiting bosses; 34-an arc-shaped structure; 35-a tool retracting groove;

4-tooth hubs; 41-clamping grooves; 42-radial grooves; 43-groove structure; 44-a first relief groove; 45-long spline teeth; 46-short spline teeth;

5-ball spring encapsulated slider body; 51-steel balls; 52-a spring; 53-slide block;

6-locking ring; 61-giving way opening; 62-spline locking teeth; 621-inclined plane; 63-a second relief groove; 64-fillets; 65-a first groove; 66-circumferential limit lugs; 67-a flat platform; 68-an outer annulus; 69-an inner annulus; 690-third groove; 691-closed groove structure; 692-lubrication oil holes; 693-radial lubrication through grooves; 694-transition fillet combination structure; 695-arc transition structure;

7-a first friction ring; 71-a first claw; 72-a first spoon-like structure; 73-a first lubrication groove;

8-a second friction ring; 81-a second claw; 82-a second spoon-like structure; 83-a second lubrication groove; 84-sink-trough-like structure;

9-a third friction ring;

10-fourth friction ring.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.

Example 1:

As shown in fig. 1, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded single cone synchronizer, and is disposed between a first gear assembly 1 and a second gear assembly 2, wherein the first gear assembly 1 is composed of a first gear 11 and a first combined gear ring 12; the second gear assembly 2 is constituted by a second gear 21 and a second coupling ring gear 22.

The embedded single conical surface synchronizer comprises a gear hub 4, a sliding gear sleeve 3, a steel ball spring packaged slider body 5 and a pair of locking rings 6; the sliding tooth sleeve 3 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the tooth hub 4 and can axially slide relative to the tooth hub 4; the steel ball spring packaged slider body 5 is arranged between the sliding tooth sleeve 3 and the tooth hub 4 and is positioned in a radial groove 42 (shown in fig. 4) of the tooth hub 4; a pair of locking rings 6 are nested at both ends of the hub 4, respectively.

In order to reduce the installation distance of the synchronizer, in this embodiment, a second annular boss 23 with a conical inner wall is arranged on the gear web plate of the second gear 21, and the inner wall of the first annular boss 13 and the positioning end surface directly form a large round angle 111 in a transition mode. The inner wall of the second annular boss 23 and the positioning end surface directly transition to form a large fillet 211, as shown in fig. 7 and 8. So that the synchronizer can be fitted into the gear so that the outer conical surfaces of the pair of lock rings 6 form friction pairs with the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23, respectively.

As shown in fig. 1, the steel ball spring package type slider body 5 includes a steel ball 51, a spring 52, and a slider 53; the sliding block 53 is nested in the radial groove 42 of the gear hub 4 and can not move along the radial direction of the gear hub 4, but can move along the axial direction of the gear hub 4; the spring 52 is arranged in the sliding block 53, the steel ball 51 and the spring 52 are packaged into a whole, the steel ball 51 can not be separated by itself, and the steel ball 51 can freely slide in a spherical groove at the lower end of the sliding tooth sleeve 3 and can do telescopic motion along the radial direction.

As shown in fig. 2, the internal teeth of the sliding tooth sleeve 3 have two forms, namely a long tooth group and a short tooth group; the long tooth groups and the short tooth groups are uniformly and alternately arranged along the inner circle of the sliding tooth sleeve 3; the set of long teeth includes a plurality of standard teeth 31; the standard meshing teeth 31 are used for meshing with the first coupling teeth 121 of the first coupling ring gear 12 of the first gear assembly 1 or meshing with the second coupling teeth 221 of the second coupling ring gear 22 of the second gear assembly 2 to transmit power; the standard tooth 31 has first chamfer slopes 311 on both sides in the axial direction. The set of short teeth includes a plurality of locking teeth 32; the locking teeth 32 are used for being meshed with spline locking teeth 62 of the locking ring 6 to perform locking; the locking teeth 32 have second chamfer slopes 321 on both sides in the axial direction, and the second chamfer slopes 321 are used for contacting with slopes 621 on the spline locking teeth 62 of the locking ring 6 to lock tightly during the synchronous speed difference of the synchronizer, so as to improve the reliability of locking. The tooth form and the locking angle of the standard engaging tooth 31 and the locking tooth 32 (the locking angle of the invention is two and is respectively determined by the first chamfer angle 311 and the second chamfer angle 321) can be flexibly selected according to the actual functions required to be achieved.

In order to facilitate the machining of the locking teeth 32 by using a chamfering machine, the interference between the cutter bar of the chamfering machine and the standard meshing teeth 31 is avoided, and a cutter withdrawal groove 35 is arranged between the adjacent long tooth set and short tooth set, specifically, the cutter withdrawal groove 35 can be formed by removing a plurality of locking teeth 32, which are close to the long tooth set, on the sliding tooth sleeve 3, as shown in fig. 2.

The locking teeth 32 in the set of short teeth may be divided into two identical locking units, between which a limit boss 33 is arranged, which limit boss 33 is intended to be in contact with the first coupling teeth 121 of the first coupling ring gear 12 of the first gear assembly 1 or with the second coupling teeth 221 of the second coupling ring gear 22 of the second gear assembly 2; when the sliding tooth sleeve 3 moves axially for a certain distance, the limiting boss 33 contacts with the first combining tooth 121 or the second combining tooth 221, so that the sliding tooth sleeve 3 is limited to move axially continuously, and the gear-in-place limiting function is realized; the limiting boss 33 may be an isosceles trapezoid limiting boss, a spline tooth-shaped limiting boss, a rectangular limiting boss, a square limiting boss, a semicircular limiting boss, or a basin-shaped limiting boss. Meanwhile, a first abdication groove 44 (shown in fig. 3) is required to be formed after a plurality of teeth are removed at the corresponding positions on the gear hub 4, and a second abdication groove 63 (shown in fig. 4) is required to be formed after a plurality of spline locking teeth 62 are removed at the corresponding positions on the locking ring 6, so that interference with the limit boss 33 on the sliding gear sleeve 3 is avoided, and the sliding gear sleeve 3 can slide smoothly in the axial direction; the number of the limit bosses 33 distributed on the sliding tooth sleeve 3 and the corresponding tooth removing numbers on the tooth hub 4 and the first locking ring 6 can be 3, 4, 5 and 6 or more, so that the purpose of no interference can be achieved.

In order to facilitate the processing of the locking teeth 32, an arc-shaped structure 34 formed by splicing a large arc or a three arcs is arranged at the root of the locking teeth 32 at the inner ring of the sliding tooth sleeve 3, so that the processing is facilitated by a milling cutter with a large diameter.

As shown in fig. 4, the locking ring 6 is formed by a circular bottom plate and a cone cylinder arranged in the middle of the circular bottom plate (the circular bottom plate and the cone cylinder can be an integral piece or a separate piece connected by a concave-convex matching structure); a plurality of locking tooth groups are arranged on the circumferential outer side wall of the annular bottom plate at intervals, and each locking tooth group comprises a plurality of spline locking teeth 62; the tooth side of the spline locking tooth 62 is provided with an inclined surface 621, and the inclined surface 621 is used for being connected with the second chamfer inclined surfaces 321 on the two sides of the locking tooth 32 of the sliding tooth sleeve 3; a yielding gap 61 is formed between two adjacent locking tooth groups, and the yielding gap 61 can prevent the spline teeth of the locking ring 6 and the gear hub 4 from interfering; a round corner 64 (which can be a chamfer) is also formed at the bottom of the abdication notch 61 so as to avoid interference with the tooth edge of the tooth hub 4; in the middle of each yielding gap 61, a radially outwardly protruding circumferential limit lug 66 is also provided. A straight platform 67 is arranged at the root of the circumferential limit lug 66 to avoid interference with the gear hub 4. The cone cylinder is provided with an outer ring surface 68 and an inner ring surface 69, wherein the outer ring surface 68 is a conical surface, and the inner ring surface 69 can be a conical surface or a plane; the outer ring surface 68 and the inner ring surface 69 may be provided with a communicating oil hole 692 (as shown in fig. 6) or may not be provided with an oil hole (as shown in fig. 5); the small end face of the cone cylinder can be provided with a radial lubrication through groove 693, and the root part can be additionally provided with an arc transition (shown in fig. 6), or the radial lubrication through groove (shown in fig. 5) can be omitted; in order to avoid interference and prevent stress concentration from breaking and have a certain function of collecting lubricating oil, a transition fillet combination structure 694 is arranged between the transition part of the outer ring surface 68 and the annular bottom plate, and the transition fillet combination structure 694 can be in several forms shown in a) -e) in fig. 27, wherein a) is an axial straight part, a radial conical inward concave part and a fillet part, b) is an axial left concave part, a radial conical extending part and a fillet part, c) is an axial left concave part, a radial conical straight part and a fillet part, d) is an axial left concave part, a radial conical inward concave part and a fillet part, e) is an axial straight part, a radial conical extending part and a fillet part. The inner annular surface 69 is connected with the annular bottom plate through an arc-shaped transition structure 695.

As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of clamping grooves 41 for being matched with the circumferential limit lugs 66 of the locking ring 6 are arranged on the gear hub 4 at intervals, when the two clamping grooves are matched, the locking ring 6 can only rotate by 1/4 of a circumferential section or half a tooth pitch relative to the gear hub 4, and when the sliding gear sleeve 3 moves axially along the gear hub 4, the inclined surface 621 of the spline locking teeth 62 of the locking ring 6 can be bonded with the second chamfer inclined surface 321 of the locking teeth 32 of the sliding gear sleeve 3 to be locked; the number of the circumferential limit lugs 66 arranged on the locking ring 6 is equal to the number of the clamping grooves 41 arranged on the gear hub 4, and the number can be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more.

In order to nest the locking ring 4 on the hub 4, the hub 4 has alternately arranged long spline teeth 45 and short spline teeth 46, the short spline teeth 46 and adjacent long spline teeth 45 forming a slot-like structure 63 therebetween for receiving the spline locking teeth 62 on the locking ring 6; after the locking ring 6 is nested on the hub 4, its spline locking teeth 62 are radially nested in groove-like structures 63 on the hub 6, and the number of groove-like structures 43 can be 3, 4, 5,6 or more, as shown in fig. 3.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 9, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded double-cone synchronizer, which is disposed between a first gear assembly 1 and a second gear assembly 2, the first gear assembly 1 being composed of a first gear 11 and a first coupling ring gear 12; the second gear assembly 2 is constituted by a second gear 21 and a second coupling ring gear 22.

The embedded double-cone synchronizer comprises a gear hub 4, a sliding gear sleeve 3, a steel ball spring packaged slider body 5, a pair of locking rings 6, a pair of first friction rings 7 and a pair of second friction rings 8; the sliding tooth sleeve 3 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the tooth hub 4 and can axially slide relative to the tooth hub 4; the steel ball spring packaging type slider body 5 is arranged between the sliding tooth sleeve 1 and the tooth hub 2 and is positioned in a radial groove of the tooth hub 2; a pair of locking rings 6 are respectively nested at two ends of the gear hub 2; a pair of first friction rings 7 are provided on both sides of the axial direction of the hub 2, respectively, a pair of second friction rings 8 are provided on both sides of the axial direction of the hub 2, respectively, and both the first friction rings 7 and the second friction rings 8 are located outside the lock ring 6.

In order to reduce the installation distance of the synchronizer, the first annular boss 13 with the inner wall being a conical surface is arranged on the gear web plate of the first gear 11, and the second annular boss 23 with the inner wall being a conical surface is arranged on the gear web plate of the second gear 21, so that the synchronizer can be embedded into the gear for installation, the outer conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 respectively form a first friction pair with the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23 after installation, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 respectively form a second friction pair with the outer conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8, and the conical surfaces of the first friction pair and the second friction pair work simultaneously in the synchronization process to play a friction synchronization role.

The structure of the sliding gear sleeve 3, the gear hub 4, and the steel ball spring package type slider body 5 in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail here.

As shown in fig. 10, the locking ring 6 is annular, and a plurality of locking tooth groups are arranged on the circumferential outer side wall of the locking ring at intervals, wherein each locking tooth group comprises a plurality of spline locking teeth 62; the tooth side of the spline locking tooth 62 is provided with an inclined surface 621, and the inclined surface 621 is used for being connected with the second chamfer inclined surfaces 321 on the two sides of the locking tooth 32 of the sliding tooth sleeve 3; a yielding gap 61 is formed between two adjacent locking tooth groups, and the yielding gap 61 can prevent the spline teeth of the locking ring 6 and the gear hub 4 from interfering; a round corner 64 (which can be a chamfer) is also formed at the bottom of the abdication notch 61 so as to avoid interference with the tooth edge of the tooth hub 4; in the middle of each yielding gap 61, a radially outwardly protruding circumferential limit lug 66 is also provided. A straight platform 67 is arranged at the root of the circumferential limit lug 6E to avoid interference with the gear hub 4.

As shown in fig. 11, a plurality of first claws 71 are provided on the large end face of the first friction ring 7 in the circumferential direction; as shown in fig. 10, a first groove 65 (may be a through hole) adapted to the first claw 71 is provided on the locking ring 6; the first friction ring 7 and the locking ring 6 can synchronously rotate along the circumferential direction through the cooperation of the first convex claw 71 and the first groove 65; the first claw 71 may be rectangular, kidney-shaped, and the first groove 65 may be rectangular, kidney-shaped, circular, racetrack-shaped, etc.; the number of the first claws 71 is equal to the number of the first grooves 65 and may be 3,4, 5, 6 or more. Or grooves can be circumferentially distributed on the small end surface of the first friction ring 7, and a boss matched with the grooves on the small end surface of the first friction ring 7 is arranged on the locking ring 6, so that the first friction ring 7 and the locking ring 6 synchronously rotate along the circumferential direction through the matching of the grooves and the bosses.

As shown in fig. 12, a plurality of second claws 81 are provided on the small end face of the second friction ring 8 in the circumferential direction; as shown in fig. 14, a second groove 14 matched with the second claw 81 is arranged on the first gear 11; the second friction ring 8 and the first gear assembly 1 can synchronously rotate along the circumferential direction through the cooperation of the second convex claw 81 and the second groove 14; the second claw 81 may be rectangular, kidney-shaped, and the second groove 14 may be rectangular, basin-shaped, kidney-shaped, circular, run-to-shape, etc.; the number of the second claws 81 is equal to the number of the second grooves 14 and may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more. Or a plurality of grooves can be circumferentially distributed on the large end surface of the second friction ring 8, corresponding bosses are arranged on the first gear 11, and the second friction ring 8 and the first gear assembly 1 can synchronously rotate along the circumferential direction through the matching of the grooves and the bosses. The way of realizing the circumferential synchronous rotation of the second friction ring 8 and the second gear assembly 2 is the same as the way of realizing the circumferential synchronous rotation of the second friction ring 8 and the first gear assembly 1, namely, the groove 24 is arranged on the second gear assembly 2, and the matched convex claw is arranged on the second friction ring 8.

In order to avoid breakage of the root of the first claw 71 on the first friction ring 7, a first spoon-shaped structure 72 formed by an arc surface and an inclined surface is processed at the root of the first claw 71, as shown in fig. 11; similarly, a second spoon-shaped structure 82 composed of an arc surface and an inclined surface is processed at the root of the second claw 81 on the second friction ring 8, as shown in fig. 12. In other embodiments, the second scoop-like structure 82 may be replaced with a countersink-like structure 84 as shown in FIG. 12, and similarly, the first scoop-like structure 72 may be replaced with a countersink-like structure.

In order to facilitate the lubrication of the conical surface of the friction pair of the synchronizer and take away the heat generated in the friction process, a first lubrication oil groove 73 (shown in fig. 11) is further formed in the small end face of the first friction ring 7, and a second lubrication oil groove 83 (shown in fig. 12 and 13) is further formed in the small end face of the second friction ring 8; the number of the first oil grooves 73 and the second oil grooves 83 may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more, the cross section may be trapezoidal, rectangular, square, U-shaped or V-shaped, etc., and the root may increase the arc transition.

In order to avoid interference and prevent stress concentration from breaking and have a certain function of collecting lubricating oil, as shown in fig. 9 and 14, transition fillet combination structures 18 and 28 shown in fig. 27 a) -e) are arranged at the transition of the inner conical surface 131 of the first annular boss of the first gear 11 and the first limiting platform 15 and the transition of the inner conical surface 231 of the second annular boss of the first gear assembly 2 and the second limiting platform 25; wherein a) is an axial straight portion+a radial conical surface inward concave portion+a rounded portion, b) is an axial leftward concave portion+a radial conical surface extending portion+a rounded portion, c) is an axial leftward concave portion+a radial conical surface straight portion+a rounded portion, d) is an axial leftward concave portion+a radial conical surface inward concave portion+a rounded portion, e) is an axial straight portion+a radial conical surface extending portion+a rounded portion.

The transmission gear oil radially flows from the center to the outside along the first lubrication groove 73 and the second lubrication groove 83, and is split at the small ends of the friction conical surfaces of the first friction pair and the second friction pair, flows in from the small end surfaces of the first friction pair and the second friction pair respectively, flows out from the large end surface, flows out from between the end surface of the edge of the gear hub 4 and the end surface of the combined gear ring on the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, finally flows into the bottom of the transmission shell to form a closed-loop lubrication circuit, continuously lubricates the friction conical surfaces of the synchronizer, takes away heat generated by friction in the synchronization process, and enables the friction material to work for a long time.

Example 3:

As shown in fig. 15, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded three-cone synchronizer, and on the basis of the scheme of embodiment 1, a pair of first friction rings 7 and a pair of second friction rings 8 are added between the annular boss and the locking ring, and in order to enable the first friction rings 7 and the locking ring 6 to rotate synchronously, the structure of the locking ring 6 is correspondingly adjusted; after the installation of the embodiment, the outer conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23 respectively form a first friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 respectively form a second friction pair, and the inner conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of locking rings 6 respectively form a third friction pair; in the synchronous process, the conical surfaces of the first friction pair, the second friction pair and the third friction pair work simultaneously to play a role in friction synchronization.

The first friction ring 7 and the second friction ring 8 in this embodiment have the same structure as in embodiment 2.

In this embodiment, the locking ring 6 is formed by adding a first groove 65 (as shown in fig. 16 and 17) that is matched with a first claw 71 of the first friction ring 7 on the annular bottom plate of the locking ring 6 based on the structure of the locking ring 6 in embodiment 1, and the locking ring 6 and the first friction ring 7 can rotate synchronously by matching the first claw 71 with the first groove 65.

Example 4:

As shown in fig. 18, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded four-conical-surface synchronizer, based on the scheme of embodiment 2, a third friction ring 9 and a fourth friction ring 10 are sleeved on the inner sides of a pair of second friction rings 8 in sequence, and the size and structure of the locking ring 6 are adjusted adaptively, so that the locking ring 6 can push the fourth friction ring 10 when moving axially, and the locking ring 6 can not only rotate synchronously with the first friction ring 7, but also rotate synchronously with the third friction ring 9; after the installation of the embodiment, the outer conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23 respectively form a first friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 respectively form a second friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of third friction rings 9 respectively form a third friction pair, and the inner conical surfaces of the pair of third friction rings 9 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of fourth friction rings 10 respectively form a fourth friction pair; in the synchronous process, the conical surfaces of the first friction pair, the second friction pair, the third friction pair and the fourth friction pair work simultaneously to play a role in friction synchronization.

The third friction ring 9 in this embodiment has the same structure as the first friction ring 7, except that the inner and outer conical surfaces have different radii; the fourth friction ring 10 has the same structure as the second friction ring 8, except that the inner and outer conical surfaces have different radii. Correspondingly, a fourth groove 16 needs to be additionally arranged on the first gear 11, and the fourth friction ring 10 and the first gear assembly 1 can synchronously rotate through the cooperation of a fourth convex claw on the fourth friction ring 10 and the fourth groove 16 on the first gear 11, as shown in fig. 22; the second groove 14 (for cooperating with the second claw 81 on the second friction ring 8 to rotate synchronously) and the fourth groove 16 on the first gear 11 may be staggered at a certain angle along the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 22; or may be circumferentially arranged at the same angle. The number of the second grooves 14 and the number of the fourth grooves 16 may be the same or different. The second groove 14 and the fourth groove 16 may be combined to form a large closed groove structure, the structure may be square, rectangular, kidney-shaped or elliptical, or the second groove 14 and the fourth groove 16 may be combined to form a non-closed groove structure 17 with an inner opening, and the number may be 3, 4,5, 6 or more, as shown in fig. 23. Similarly, the second gear 21 needs to be correspondingly adjusted, and the specific structural adjustment mode refers to the first gear 11.

In this embodiment, the locking ring 6 is formed by adding a third groove 690 (as shown in fig. 19 and 20) that is matched with a third claw of the third friction ring 9 on the basis of the structure of the locking ring 6 in embodiment 2, and the locking ring 6 and the third friction ring 9 can rotate synchronously by matching the third claw on the third friction ring 9 with the third groove 690 on the locking ring 6.

The first groove 65 and the third groove 690 on the locking ring 6 in this embodiment may be circumferentially staggered by a certain angle, as shown in fig. 19; or may be circumferentially arranged at the same angle as shown in fig. 20; the number of first grooves 65 and third grooves 690 may be the same or different. The first groove 65 and the third groove 690 may be combined to form a large closed groove structure 691, and the number of the grooves may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more, as shown in fig. 21; the closed groove structure 691 may be square, rectangular, kidney-shaped, or elliptical; alternatively, the first groove 65 and the third groove 690 may be combined into a non-closed groove structure having an inner opening, and the number may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more.

Example 5:

As shown in fig. 24 and 32, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded five-cone synchronizer, and on the basis of the scheme of embodiment 1, a pair of first friction rings 7, a pair of second friction rings 8, a pair of third friction rings 9 and a pair of fourth friction rings 10 are sequentially added between the annular boss and the locking ring from outside to inside, and in order to enable the locking ring 6 and the first friction rings 7 to synchronously rotate and enable the locking ring 6 and the third friction rings 9 to synchronously rotate, the structure of the locking ring 6 is correspondingly adjusted; in order to make the fourth friction ring 10 rotate synchronously with the first gear 11/the second gear 21, corresponding structural adjustments of the first gear 11 and the second gear 22 are required, and the adjustment manner of embodiment 4 can be referred to specifically. After the installation of the embodiment, the outer conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23 respectively form a first friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 respectively form a second friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of third friction rings 9 respectively form a third friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of third friction rings 9 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of fourth friction rings 10 respectively form a fourth friction pair, and the inner conical surfaces of the pair of fourth friction rings 10 and the outer conical surfaces of the locking rings 6 respectively form a fifth friction pair; in the synchronous process, the conical surfaces of the first friction pair, the second friction pair, the third friction pair, the fourth friction pair and the fifth friction pair work simultaneously to play a role in friction synchronization.

The structures of the first friction ring 7 and the second friction ring 8 in this embodiment are the same as those of the first friction ring 7 and the second friction ring 8 in embodiment 2; the structure of the third friction ring 9 is the same as that of the first friction ring 7, and the difference is that the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface have different radiuses; the fourth friction ring 10 has the same structure as the second friction ring 8, except that the inner and outer conical surfaces have different radii.

In this embodiment, the locking ring 6 is formed by adding, on the basis of embodiment 1, a first groove 65 that is matched with a first claw 71 of the first friction ring 7 and a third groove 690 that is matched with a claw on the third friction ring 9 (as shown in fig. 25 and 26) on the annular bottom plate of the locking ring 6, and by matching the first claw 71 with the first groove 65, the locking ring 6 and the first friction ring 7 can be rotated synchronously, and by matching the third claw with the third groove 690, the locking ring 6 and the third friction ring 9 can be rotated synchronously.

The first groove 65 and the third groove 690 on the locking ring 6 in this embodiment may be staggered at a certain angle in the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 25 and 26; or the two can be arranged at the same angle along the circumferential direction; the number of first grooves 65 and third grooves 690 may be the same or different. The first groove 65 and the third groove 690 may be combined into a large closed groove structure, and the number of the grooves may be 3,4, 5, 6 or more; the closed groove structure can be square, rectangular, waist-shaped or elliptical; alternatively, the first groove 65 and the third groove 690 may be combined into a non-closed groove structure having an inner opening, and the number may be 3,4, 5, 6 or more.

When any of the friction pairs in the above embodiments 1 to 5 is provided with a friction material, the friction material may be provided on any surface constituting the friction pair, taking the embedded five-cone synchronizer as an example: the first friction pair can adopt a mode of adding friction materials on the outer conical surface of the first friction ring 7 or a mode of adding friction materials on the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 on the first gear assembly 1 and the second annular boss 23 on the second gear assembly 2; the second friction pair can adopt a mode of adding friction materials on the inner conical surface of the first friction ring 7 or a mode of adding friction materials on the outer conical surface of the second friction ring 8; the third friction pair can adopt a mode of adding friction materials on the inner conical surface of the second friction ring 8 or a mode of adding friction materials on the outer conical surface of the fourth friction ring 9; the fourth friction pair can adopt a mode of adding friction materials on the inner conical surface of the fourth friction ring 9 or a mode of adding friction materials on the outer conical surface of the fifth friction ring 10; the fifth friction pair may be formed by adding friction material to the inner tapered surface of the fifth friction ring 10 or by adding friction material to the outer tapered surface of the lock ring 6. The friction material added can be carbon composite friction material such as bonding carbon fiber, carbon particle and the like, or molybdenum spraying, copper alloy, sintered copper and resin friction material.

In the above embodiments 1 to 5, the first coupling teeth 121 and 221 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2 are external splines, and can be machined by a gear shaping process when the outer diameter of the gear teeth is small, so that the gear shaping will not interfere with the end surfaces of the gear teeth in the axial direction. The first combined gear ring 12 of the first gear assembly 1, the first gear 11, the second combined gear ring 22 of the second gear assembly 2 and the first gear 21 may also be in an integrated structure, as shown in fig. 29, and external splines on the combined gear rings may be machined by precision forging technology. The gear and the coupling ring gear may be integrally coupled by a welding process, which may be an axial welding as shown in fig. 30 or a radial welding as shown in fig. 31.

If radial space permits, the number of friction pairs can be increased continuously according to the rules of the above embodiments 1-5, the structural arrangement is referred to in the above embodiments 1,3, 5 for the synchronizer with the odd number of conical surfaces, and the structural arrangement is referred to in the above embodiments 2,4 for the synchronizer with the even number of conical surfaces, which are not listed here.

For embedded single-cone, triple-cone and five-cone synchronizers, the inner ring surface 69 of the locking ring 6 can be a straight surface (non-conical surface) or a conical surface; for the embedded double-cone synchronizer, the inner ring surface of the second friction ring 8 can be a flat surface (non-conical surface) or a conical surface; for the embedded four-cone synchronizer, the inner annular surface of the fourth friction ring 10 may be a flat surface (non-conical surface) or a conical surface. For embedded six cone and above synchronizers, and so on.

The working principle and process of the invention are described below by taking an embedded five-conical-surface synchronizer as an example, and the principle and process of other structures are similar. The specific working principle and the process are as follows:

Because the locking ring 6 is nested in the gear hub 4, the locking ring 6 is driven by the gear hub 4 to synchronously rotate in the circumferential direction; the first friction ring 7 and the third friction ring 9 are in concave-convex fit connection with the first locking ring 4, so that the first friction ring 7, the third friction ring 9 and the locking ring 6 synchronously rotate; therefore, the gear hub 4, the locking ring 6, the first friction ring 7 and the third friction ring 9 are rotated synchronously;

The second friction ring 8 and the fourth friction ring 10 are connected with the first gear assembly 1 in a concave-convex fit manner and synchronously rotate;

1. When the sliding tooth sleeve 3 is pushed to move axially rightwards to shift gears, the ball socket of the sliding tooth sleeve 3 drives the steel ball spring packaging type slider body 5 to move axially together, the end face of the steel ball spring packaging type slider body 5 is contacted with the end face of the locking ring 6, at the moment, the outer annular surface 68 of the conical barrel of the locking ring 6 presses the inner conical surface of the fourth friction ring 10, the outer conical surface of the fourth friction ring 10 presses the inner conical surface of the third friction ring 9, the outer conical surface of the third friction ring 9 presses the inner conical surface of the second friction ring 8, the outer conical surface of the second friction ring 8 presses the inner conical surface of the first friction ring 7, the outer conical surface of the first friction ring 7 presses the inner conical surface 131 of the first annular boss of the first gear assembly 1, and at the moment, the five pairs of friction pair conical surfaces are in a tightly-adhered state;

2. Under the action of circumferential friction torque generated by the friction conical surface, the spline locking teeth 62 of the locking ring 6 rotate for 1/4 of a circumferential section or half a tooth pitch relative to the gear hub 4, then the second chamfer inclined surface 321 of the locking teeth 32 of the sliding gear sleeve 3 is bonded with the inclined surface 621 of the spline locking teeth 62 of the locking ring 6 and is in a locking state, the synchronous action starts, the sliding gear sleeve 3, the gear hub 4, the locking ring 6, the third friction ring 9 and the first friction ring 7 are at the same rotating speed, the first gear assembly 1, the fourth friction ring 10 and the second friction ring 8 are at another rotating speed, the rotating speeds of the two are finally consistent along with continuous friction of the friction conical surface, the synchronous process ends, and the friction torque generated by the conical surface disappears.

3. Then under the action of the gear engaging force, the locking ring 6 drives the third friction ring 9 and the first friction ring 7 to rotate for 1/4 of a circle or half of a pitch along the opposite direction relative to the gear hub 4, the sliding gear sleeve 3 presses down the steel ball of the steel ball spring packaging type slider body 5, the spring of the steel ball spring packaging type slider body 5 is further compressed, the sliding gear sleeve 3 passes over the steel ball of the steel ball spring packaging type slider body 5 and the locking ring 6, the standard meshing teeth 31 of the sliding gear sleeve 3 are meshed with the first combining teeth 121 of the first gear assembly 1, and finally, the movement is stopped after the designated movement is reached, so that the gear engaging process is completed.

The principle of pushing the sliding gear sleeve 1 to move axially leftwards to engage gears is the same as that of the right shift engagement.

It should be noted that, in some applications, only one side needs to be engaged, where the friction ring and the locking ring at one end of the gear hub 4 may be omitted based on the above embodiments, that is, the locking ring is nested only at one end of the gear hub 4, or the locking ring and the friction ring are nested.

As described in the above embodiments, in order to take away the heat generated by friction in the synchronization process, so that the friction material can work for a long time, the present invention further designs a corresponding lubrication oil path, and an embedded five-cone synchronizer is taken as an example to describe the lubrication oil path.

The embedded five-cone synchronizer causes lubricating oil to flow under the action of centrifugal force of gear rotation according to arrows shown in fig. 28:

(1) The lubricating oil flows out radially along the small end face of the lock ring 6, or simultaneously flows out along the lubricating oil holes 692 communicated with the inner and outer conical surfaces of the lock ring 6, or simultaneously flows out along the radial lubricating through grooves 693 on the small end face of the lock ring 6; the inner conical surface of the fourth friction ring 10 is tangential to the conical surface of the fifth friction pair, so that the surface of the fifth friction pair is lubricated, and heat on the surface of the fifth friction pair is taken away.

(2) The lubricating oil radially continues to flow, one part passes through the lubricating oil groove on the small end face of the fourth friction ring 10, the other part flows along the gaps between the small end face of the fourth friction ring 10 and the first limiting platform 15 and the second limiting platform 25 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, and when encountering the inner conical surface of the third friction ring 9, the lubricating oil tangentially flows along the conical surface of the fourth friction pair to lubricate the surface of the fourth friction pair and take away the heat on the surface of the fourth friction pair.

(3) The lubricating oil radially continues to flow, one part passes through the lubricating oil groove on the small end face of the third friction ring 9, the other part flows along the gaps between the small end face of the third friction ring 9 and the first limiting platform 15 and the second limiting platform 25 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, and when encountering the inner conical surface of the second friction ring 8, the lubricating oil tangentially flows along the conical surface of the third friction pair to lubricate the surface of the third friction pair, and heat on the surface of the third friction pair is taken away.

(4) The lubricating oil radially continues to flow, one part passes through the lubricating oil groove on the small end face of the second friction ring 8, and the other part flows along the gaps between the small end face of the second friction ring 8 and the first limiting platform 15 and the second limiting platform 25 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, and flows along the conical surface of the second friction pair in a tangential manner when encountering the inner conical surface of the first friction ring 7, lubricates the surface of the second friction pair, and takes away the heat on the surface of the second friction pair.

(5) The lubricating oil radially continues to flow, one part passes through the lubricating oil groove on the small end face of the first friction ring 7, and the other part flows along the gaps between the small end face of the first friction ring 7 and the first limiting platform 15 and the second limiting platform 25 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, and flows tangentially along the conical surface of the first friction pair when encountering the inner conical surface of the first annular boss 13 of the first gear assembly 1 and the inner conical surface of the second annular boss 23 of the second gear assembly 2, lubricates the surface of the first friction pair, and takes away the heat of the surface of the first friction pair.

(6) Lubricating oil flows out from the conical surfaces of the friction pairs, flows out from the end surfaces of the gear hub 4 and the end surfaces of the combined teeth of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, finally flows into the bottom of the transmission shell to form a closed loop, continuously lubricates the friction conical surfaces of the synchronizer, takes away heat generated by summarized friction in the synchronization process, and ensures that the friction material can work for a long time.

In the above embodiments 1 to 5, the annular boss forming the friction pair in cooperation with the outer tapered surface of the outer friction ring is provided on the gear belly, and in other embodiments, the annular boss forming the friction pair in cooperation with the outer tapered surface of the outer friction ring may be partially located on the gear belly and partially located on the inner side wall of the coupling ring gear, as shown in fig. 33 (a), or may be provided only on the inner side wall of the coupling ring gear, as shown in fig. 33 (b).

Claims

1. A high-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer;

The method is characterized in that:

Comprises a gear hub (4), a sliding gear sleeve (3), a steel ball spring packaging type slider body (5) and a locking ring (6); the sliding tooth sleeve (3) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the tooth hub (4), can axially slide relative to the tooth hub (4), and can axially lock with the locking ring (6) after axially sliding for a certain distance; the steel ball spring packaging type slider body (5) is arranged between the sliding tooth sleeve (3) and the tooth hub (4) and is used for providing certain resistance for the sliding tooth sleeve (3) and pushing the locking ring (6) to axially move when the sliding tooth sleeve (3) axially moves; the locking ring (6) is one and is nested at one end of the gear hub (4); or the locking rings are a pair and are respectively nested at the two ends of the gear hub (4);

The locking ring (6) is composed of a circular bottom plate and a cone cylinder arranged in the middle of the circular bottom plate; the annular bottom plate and the cone cylinder are integrated or are connected together in a split way through concave-convex fit; the circumference outer side wall of the annular bottom plate is provided with lugs (66) protruding outwards in the radial direction at intervals, the gear hub (4) is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves (41) used for being matched with the lugs (66) at intervals, and the clamping grooves (41) are matched with the lugs (66) so that the locking ring (6) can only rotate for 1/4 of a circumferential section or half of a tooth pitch relative to the gear hub (4); the outer ring surface (68) of the cone is a conical surface; the outer annular surface (68) of the locking ring (6) and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the corresponding gear assembly form a friction pair.

2. The high capacity embedded conical synchronizer of claim 1, wherein:

The number of the locking rings (6) is one, and N-1 friction rings are sequentially arranged between the annular boss and the locking rings (6) from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an odd number greater than 1; the N-1 friction rings are numbered from outside to inside in sequence along the radial direction, the outer conical surface of the first friction ring (7) and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the gear form a first friction pair respectively, the inner conical surface of the first friction ring (7) and the outer conical surface of the second friction ring (8) form a second friction pair respectively, and the inner conical surface of the N-1 friction ring and the outer annular surface (68) of the locking ring (6) form an N-1 friction pair respectively;

Among the N-1 friction rings, the friction ring with odd number is matched with the circular bottom plate of the locking ring (6) through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

3. The high capacity embedded conical synchronizer of claim 1, wherein:

The pair of locking rings (6) is arranged, and N-1 pairs of friction rings are sequentially arranged between the annular boss and the locking rings (6) from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an odd number greater than 1; the N-1 pairs of friction rings are numbered from outside to inside in sequence along the radial direction, the outer conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings (7) and the inner conical surfaces of the annular bosses on the corresponding gears form a first friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings (7) and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings (8) form a second friction pair, and the inner conical surfaces of the N-1 pairs of friction rings and the outer annular surfaces (68) of the pair of locking rings (6) form an N-1 friction pair;

Among the N-1 pairs of friction rings, the friction ring with odd number is connected with the circular bottom plate of the locking ring (6) in a matched manner through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

4. A high capacity embedded conical synchronizer according to claim 2 or 3, wherein:

The internal teeth of the sliding tooth sleeve (3) comprise a long tooth group and a short tooth group; the long tooth groups and the short tooth groups are uniformly and alternately arranged along the inner circle of the sliding tooth sleeve (3);

The long tooth group comprises a plurality of standard meshing teeth (31); the standard meshing teeth (31) are used for meshing with the combined gear rings on the corresponding gears so as to transmit power; the standard meshing teeth (31) are provided with first chamfer slopes (311) on two sides in the axial direction;

the set of short teeth includes a plurality of locking teeth (32); the locking teeth (32) are used for being meshed with spline locking teeth (62) of the locking ring (6) so as to lock; the locking tooth (32) is provided with second chamfer slopes (321) at two sides in the axial direction;

The gear hub (4) is provided with long spline teeth (45) and short spline teeth (46) which are alternately arranged, and a groove-shaped structure (43) is formed between the short spline teeth (46) and the adjacent long spline teeth (45);

The set of locking teeth includes a plurality of spline locking teeth (62); the tooth side of the spline locking tooth (62) is provided with a bevel (621), and the bevel (621) is used for contacting with a second chamfer bevel (321) on the locking tooth (32); a yielding gap (61) is formed between two adjacent locking tooth groups, and the yielding gap (61) is used for avoiding interference between the locking ring (6) and the long spline teeth (45) of the tooth hub (4); the lug (66) is positioned in the middle of the yielding gap (61);

The locking ring (6) is axially nested on the gear hub (4); spline locking teeth (62) on the locking ring (6) are located in the groove-shaped structure (43); the long spline teeth (45) on the gear hub (4) are positioned in the yielding notch (61);

The plurality of locking teeth (32) can be divided into two identical locking units, a limiting boss (33) is arranged between the two locking units, and the limiting boss (33) is used for being contacted with a corresponding combined gear ring so as to limit the axial movement stroke of the sliding gear sleeve (3);

Correspondingly, a first yielding groove (44) is formed after a plurality of teeth are removed at corresponding positions on the gear hub (4), and a second yielding groove (63) is formed after a plurality of spline locking teeth (62) are removed at corresponding positions on the locking ring (6), so that interference with the limit boss (33) is avoided.

5. The high capacity embedded conical synchronizer of claim 4, wherein: the outer ring surface (68) and the inner ring surface (69) are respectively provided with a communicated lubricating oil hole (692); a radial lubrication through groove (693) is formed in the small end face of the cone; and the small end surfaces of the N-1 or N-1 pair of friction rings are respectively provided with a lubricating oil groove.

6. The high capacity embedded conical synchronizer of claim 5, wherein: a transition fillet combination structure (694) is arranged between the outer annular surface (68) and the transition part of the annular bottom plate.

7. A large-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer,

The method is characterized in that:

the device comprises a gear hub (4), a sliding gear sleeve (3), a steel ball spring encapsulated slider body (5), one/pair of locking rings (6) and N/pairs of friction rings which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an even number greater than 2;

The sliding tooth sleeve (3) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the tooth hub (4), can axially slide relative to the tooth hub (4), and can axially lock with the locking ring (6) after axially sliding for a certain distance; the steel ball spring packaging type slider body (5) is arranged between the sliding tooth sleeve (3) and the tooth hub (4) and is used for providing certain resistance for the sliding tooth sleeve (3) and pushing the locking ring (6) to axially move when the sliding tooth sleeve (3) axially moves; when the locking ring (6) is one, the locking ring is nested at the end part of the gear hub (4); the locking rings (6) are respectively nested at two ends of the gear hub (4) when being used as a pair of pairs;

The locking ring (6) is in a circular ring shape, a lug (66) protruding outwards in the radial direction is arranged on the outer side wall of the circumference of the locking ring, a plurality of clamping grooves (41) used for being matched with the lug (66) are arranged on the gear hub (4) at intervals, and the clamping grooves (41) and the lug (66) are matched to realize that the locking ring (6) can only rotate for 1/4 of a section or half of a tooth pitch relative to the gear hub (4);

The N/pairs of friction rings are numbered from outside to inside in sequence along the radial direction, the outer conical surface of one/pair of first friction rings (7) and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the corresponding gear form a first friction pair, the inner conical surface of one/pair of first friction rings (7) and the outer conical surface of one/pair of second friction rings (8) form a second friction pair respectively, and the like, and the inner conical surface of one/pair of N-1 friction rings and the outer conical surface of the N friction ring form an N friction pair respectively;

Among the N friction rings, the friction ring with odd number is connected with the circular bottom plate of the locking ring (6) in a matched manner through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

8. The high capacity embedded conical synchronizer of claim 7, wherein:

a plurality of locking tooth groups are arranged on the outer side wall of the circumference of the locking ring (6) at intervals;

9. The high capacity embedded conical synchronizer of claim 7 or 8, wherein: and the small end surfaces of the N friction rings are provided with lubricating oil grooves.

10. A transmission comprising a synchronizer and a gear assembly; the method is characterized in that: the synchronizer is the high-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer of any one of claims 1-9; the gear assembly comprises a gear and a combined gear ring; the gear and the combined gear ring are formed by adopting integrated forging, and are fixedly connected by axial welding or radial welding; the annular boss is arranged on the abdomen of the gear; or is arranged on the inner side wall of the combined gear ring; or a part of the gear is arranged on the gear belly part and a part of the gear is arranged on the inner side wall combined with the gear ring.