CN111795079A

CN111795079A - Large-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer and transmission

Info

Publication number: CN111795079A
Application number: CN202010592076.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏小强; 张发勇; 彭立印; 张海涛; 田晨; 高建敏; 李泽; 汪鹏鹏
Original assignee: Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-24
Filing date: 2020-06-24
Publication date: 2020-10-20
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-24
Also published as: CN111795079B

Abstract

The invention provides a large-capacity embedded conical synchronizer and a transmission adopting the same, and aims to solve the technical problems that the service life of a gear of a large-torque transmission is low and the gear shifting required by a user is lighter. According to the invention, the annular boss with the conical surface inner wall is arranged on the gear assembly, and the outer friction ring of the synchronizer is embedded into the annular boss, so that the axial installation distance of the synchronizer is reduced, the tooth width of the gear can be increased under the condition of not increasing the total length of the transmission, and the bending fatigue and contact fatigue life of the gear are prolonged; according to the invention, the locking ring is embedded into the gear hub, so that the axial size of the synchronizer is further reduced, and the gear engaging stroke of the sliding gear sleeve is reduced, therefore, under the condition that the gear engaging stroke of a cab is not changed, the length of the rocker arm of the transmission can be allowed to be increased, a large lever ratio is realized, the gear shifting capacity of the synchronizer is improved, the gear engaging force and the gear disengaging force of a driver are reduced, and the gear engaging is more portable.

Description

Large-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer and transmission

Technical Field

The invention relates to a large-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer and a transmission.

Background

With the development of a high-horsepower high-torque manual transmission, it has become extremely difficult for the conventional synchronizer to achieve a small transmission length by a small mounting distance and a shift stroke, or to increase the bending fatigue and contact fatigue life of the gears by increasing the gear width by reducing the mounting distance of the synchronizer without changing the transmission length.

In addition, the requirement of a user on the portability of gear shifting is higher and higher, a driver requires lighter gear shifting force and gear disengaging force, no impact and no pause and frustration are caused in the gear shifting process, and the driving labor intensity is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a large-capacity embedded conical synchronizer and a transmission adopting the same, and aims to solve the technical problems that the service life of a gear of a large-torque transmission is low and the gear shifting required by a user is lighter.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a large capacity embedded conical synchronizer;

the method is characterized in that:

the sliding block comprises a gear hub, a sliding gear sleeve, a steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body and a locking ring; the sliding gear sleeve is sleeved on the outer circumference of the gear hub, can axially slide relative to the gear hub, and can axially lock with the locking ring after axially sliding for a certain distance; the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body is arranged between the sliding gear sleeve and the gear hub and used for providing certain resistance for the sliding gear sleeve and pushing the locking ring to axially move when the sliding gear sleeve axially moves; the locking ring is one and is nested at one end of the gear hub; or the locking rings are a pair and are respectively nested at two ends of the gear hub;

the locking ring is composed of a circular bottom plate and a conical cylinder arranged in the middle of the circular bottom plate; the annular bottom plate and the conical cylinder are an integrated piece or are separated pieces which are connected together through concave-convex matching; lugs protruding outwards along the radial direction are arranged on the circumferential outer side wall of the annular bottom plate at intervals, a plurality of clamping grooves used for being matched with the lugs are arranged on the gear hub at intervals, and the clamping grooves are matched with the lugs to enable the locking ring to rotate 1/4 circumferential sections or half tooth pitch relative to the gear hub; the outer ring surface of the cone cylinder is a conical surface; the outer ring surface of the locking ring and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the corresponding gear assembly form a friction pair.

Furthermore, the number of the locking rings is one, and N-1 friction rings are sequentially arranged between the annular boss and the locking ring from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an odd number greater than 1; numbering the N-1 friction rings from 1 to the inside in sequence along the radial direction from the outside to the inside, so that the outer conical surfaces of the first friction rings and the inner conical surfaces of the annular bosses on the gear form first friction pairs respectively, the inner conical surfaces of the first friction pairs and the outer conical surfaces of the second friction rings form second friction pairs respectively, and by analogy, the inner conical surfaces of the N-1 friction rings and the outer annular surfaces of the locking rings form an N-1 friction pair respectively;

in the N-1 friction rings, friction rings with odd numbers are matched with the annular bottom plate of the locking ring through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

in the N-1 friction rings, the friction rings with even numbers are matched with the gears through concave-convex structures, so that synchronous rotation is realized.

Furthermore, the locking rings are a pair, and N-1 pairs of friction rings are sequentially arranged between the annular boss and the locking rings from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an odd number greater than 1; numbering the N-1 pairs of friction rings from 1 to 1 from outside to inside along the radial direction, wherein the outer conical surfaces of a pair of first friction rings respectively form a first friction pair with the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the corresponding gear, the inner conical surfaces of a pair of first friction pairs respectively form a second friction pair with the outer conical surfaces of a pair of second friction rings, and so on, and the inner conical surfaces of the N-1 pair of friction rings respectively form an N-1 friction pair with the outer annular surfaces of a pair of locking rings;

in the N-1 pairs of friction rings, the friction rings with odd numbers are matched and connected with the annular bottom plate of the locking ring through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

and in the N-1 pairs of friction rings, the friction rings with even numbers are matched and connected with the corresponding gears through concave-convex structures, so that synchronous rotation is realized.

Further, the inner teeth of the sliding gear sleeve comprise a long tooth group and a short tooth group; the long tooth groups and the short tooth groups are uniformly and alternately arranged along the inner circle of the sliding tooth sleeve;

the long tooth group comprises a plurality of standard meshing teeth; the standard meshing teeth are used for being meshed with the combined gear ring on the corresponding gear to transmit power; the standard meshing teeth are provided with first chamfer inclined planes at two sides in the axial direction;

the short tooth group comprises a plurality of locking teeth; the locking teeth are used for being meshed with the spline locking teeth of the locking ring to lock; the two sides of the locking tooth in the axial direction are provided with second chamfer inclined planes;

the gear hub is provided with long spline teeth and short spline teeth which are alternately arranged, and a groove-shaped structure is formed between each short spline tooth and the adjacent long spline tooth;

the locking tooth set comprises a plurality of spline locking teeth; the tooth side of the spline locking tooth is provided with an inclined surface which is used for being in contact with a second chamfer inclined surface on the locking tooth; a yielding gap is formed between every two adjacent locking tooth groups and is used for avoiding the interference between the locking ring and the long spline teeth of the gear hub; the lug is positioned in the middle of the abdication gap;

the locking ring is axially nested on the gear hub; the spline locking teeth on the locking ring are positioned in the groove-shaped structure; the long spline teeth on the gear hub are positioned in the abdicating notch;

the plurality of locking teeth can be divided into two same locking units, and a limiting boss is arranged between the two locking units and is used for contacting with a corresponding combined gear ring so as to limit the axial movement stroke of the sliding gear sleeve;

correspondingly, a first abdicating groove is formed after a plurality of teeth are removed from corresponding positions on the gear hub, and a second abdicating groove is formed after a plurality of spline locking teeth are removed from corresponding positions on the locking ring, so that interference with the limiting boss is avoided.

Further, the outer ring surface and the inner ring surface are both provided with communicated lubricating oil holes; a radial lubricating through groove is formed in the end face of the small end of the conical cylinder; and lubricating oil grooves are formed in the end faces of the small ends of the N-1 or N-1 pairs of friction rings.

Furthermore, a transition fillet combined structure is arranged between the transition position of the outer ring surface and the annular bottom plate.

The invention also provides another large-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer,

the method is characterized in that:

the sliding block comprises a gear hub, a sliding gear sleeve, a steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body, one/pair of locking rings and N/pair of friction rings which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an even number greater than 2;

the sliding gear sleeve is sleeved on the outer circumference of the gear hub, can axially slide relative to the gear hub, and can axially lock with the locking ring after axially sliding for a certain distance; the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body is arranged between the sliding gear sleeve and the gear hub and used for providing certain resistance for the sliding gear sleeve and pushing the locking ring to axially move when the sliding gear sleeve axially moves; when one locking ring is arranged, the locking ring is nested at the end part of the gear hub; when the locking rings are a pair, the locking rings are respectively nested at two ends of the gear hub;

the locking ring is annular, the outer side wall of the circumference of the locking ring is provided with lugs protruding outwards along the radial direction, the gear hub is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves at intervals, the clamping grooves are matched with the lugs, and the locking ring can only rotate 1/4 circumferential pitches or half tooth pitches relative to the gear hub;

numbering the N/pairs of friction rings from 1 to 1 from outside to inside along the radial direction, wherein the outer conical surface of one/pair of first friction rings and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the corresponding gear form a first friction pair, the inner conical surface of one/pair of first friction pairs and the outer conical surface of one/pair of second friction rings form a second friction pair, and so on, the inner conical surface of one/pair of N-1 friction rings and the outer conical surface of the N friction ring form an Nth friction pair;

in the N/pairs of friction rings, the friction rings with odd numbers are matched and connected with the annular bottom plate of the locking ring through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

and in the N/pair of friction rings, the friction rings with even numbers are matched and connected with the corresponding gears through concave-convex structures, so that synchronous rotation is realized.

Furthermore, lubricating oil grooves are formed in the end faces of the small ends of the N/pair of friction rings.

A transmission comprising a synchronizer and a gear assembly; it is characterized in that: the synchronizer is the high-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer; the gear assembly comprises a gear and a combined gear ring; the gear and the combined gear ring are integrally forged and formed, and are fixedly connected by axial welding or radial welding; the annular boss is arranged at the belly of the gear; or the inner side wall of the combined gear ring; or one part is arranged on the belly part of the gear and the other part is arranged on the inner side wall of the combined gear ring.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. in the prior art, a conical surface body is arranged on a combined gear ring, and an inner conical surface of an inner friction ring of a synchronizer is matched with a conical surface body of a pair of combined gear rings to form a pair of friction pairs; the annular boss with the conical inner wall is arranged on the gear web plate, and the outer friction ring of the synchronizer is embedded into the annular boss, so that the axial installation distance of the synchronizer is reduced, the tooth width of the gear can be increased under the condition of not increasing the total length of the transmission, and the bending fatigue and contact fatigue life of the gear are prolonged; the invention reduces the installation distance of the synchronizer, and can reduce the total length of the transmission under the condition of not changing the tooth width of the existing gear.

2. The gear hub is provided with the long spline teeth and the short spline teeth, and a space for accommodating the spline locking teeth on the locking ring can be formed between the long spline teeth and the short spline teeth, so that the locking ring can be embedded into the gear hub, the axial size of the synchronizer is further reduced, the gear engaging stroke of the sliding gear sleeve is reduced, the length of a rocker arm of the transmission can be increased under the condition that the gear engaging stroke of a cab is not changed, a large lever ratio is realized, the gear shifting capacity of the synchronizer is improved, the gear engaging force and the gear disengaging force of a driver are reduced, and the gear engaging is lighter and lighter.

3. According to the invention, the sliding gear sleeve is designed in a long-short gear separation mode, and the long gear does not participate in locking, so that the distance between the end face of the long gear and the end face of the gear ring can be smaller, and the probability of secondary ring shifting impact is reduced.

4. In the traditional scheme, the sliding gear sleeve only has long teeth, not only participates in meshing and engaging but also participates in locking, only one locking angle is provided, the requirements of reliable locking and quick entering and convenient engaging cannot be considered, and only the angle of the locking angle can be selected; the sliding gear sleeve is designed in a long-short gear separation mode, the long gear is used for meshing and engaging, the locking angle on the long gear can be smaller so as to be convenient for entering into the gear quickly, the short gear is used for locking, and the locking angle on the short gear can be larger so as to improve the locking reliability.

5. In the conventional structure, the inner conical surface of the outer friction ring is matched with the outer conical surface of the ring gear frustum to form a friction pair, as shown in fig. 34 (a); the friction pair formed by the outer conical surface of the outer friction ring and the inner conical surface of the annular boss of the gear is shown in (b) in fig. 34; compared with the traditional structure, the friction radius of the synchronizer is generally increased by about the thickness of an outer friction ring frustum, so that the friction torque is increased, the shifting performance of the synchronizer is remarkably optimized, and the synchronization capacity is larger.

6. In the traditional scheme, the combined gear ring and the gear are connected through the spline, so that the radial space of the synchronizer is limited, but the spline between the combined gear ring and the gear is eliminated, the combined gear ring and the gear are integrally forged and molded, or the combined gear ring and the gear are welded into a whole, so that the radial space is saved, and therefore, the synchronizer can be made into a multi-conical-surface structure such as a single conical surface, a double conical surface, a triple conical surface, a four conical surface, a five conical surface and the like, so that the gear shifting performance and the synchronization capacity of the synchronizer are remarkably improved.

7. The invention adopts the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body structure, and can ensure that the steel ball and the spring cannot be separated from the sliding block body after the synchronizer is shifted, so that the sliding sleeve with smaller width can be used, and the smaller installation distance and the shifting stroke can be realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large capacity embedded single cone synchronizer structure.

Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a sliding sleeve gear in the single cone synchronizer.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hub in a single-cone synchronizer.

FIG. 4 is a first structural diagram of a first structure of a lock ring in a single-cone synchronizer.

FIG. 5 is a second schematic structural diagram of a first structure of a lock ring in a single-cone synchronizer.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of a lock ring in a single cone synchronizer.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first gear assembly engaged with a single cone synchronizer.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second gear assembly engaged with a single cone synchronizer.

Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a large-capacity embedded double-cone synchronizer.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a lock ring in a double cone synchronizer.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a first friction ring in a double cone synchronizer.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a first configuration of a second friction ring in a double cone synchronizer.

FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of a second configuration of a second friction ring in a double cone synchronizer.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the first and second gear assemblies engaged with a dual cone synchronizer.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a high capacity embedded triple cone synchronizer configuration.

Fig. 16 is a first schematic structural diagram of a lock ring in a three-cone synchronizer.

FIG. 17 is a second schematic diagram of a lock ring in a tri-cone synchronizer.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a high capacity embedded quad cone synchronizer configuration.

FIG. 19 is a first schematic view of a lock ring in a quad cone synchronizer.

FIG. 20 is a second schematic view of the lock ring structure of the quad cone synchronizer.

FIG. 21 is a third schematic view of the lock ring structure of the quad cone synchronizer.

FIG. 22 is a first schematic view of a first gear assembly cooperating with a four cone synchronizer.

FIG. 23 is a second schematic view of the first gear assembly structure cooperating with the four cone synchronizer.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of a large capacity embedded five cone synchronizer structure.

FIG. 25 is a first schematic view of the lock ring structure of the five-cone synchronizer.

FIG. 26 is a second schematic view of the lock ring structure of the five-cone synchronizer.

Fig. 27 is a schematic view of a transition radius combination on the locking ring/gear.

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a friction cone ring lubrication circuit of the five cone synchronizer.

FIG. 29 is a schematic view of a precision forging forming structure of a gear and combined ring gear integrated spline.

FIG. 30 is a schematic view of a split axial welding structure of a gear and a combined gear ring.

FIG. 31 is a schematic view of a split radial welding structure of a gear and a combined gear ring.

FIG. 32 is an exploded view of the five cone synchronizer.

FIG. 33 is a schematic representation of two different placement positions for the annular boss on the gear assembly of the present invention, (a) with a portion of the annular boss on the web of the gear and a portion on the inner sidewall of the mating ring gear; (b) the annular boss is positioned on the inner side wall of the combined gear ring.

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of the comparison between the friction radius of the outer friction ring in the conventional structure and the friction radius of the outer friction ring of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the friction radius of the outer friction ring in the conventional structure, and the inner conical surface of the outer friction ring is matched with the outer conical surface of the gear ring frustum to form a friction pair; (b) the outer conical surface of the outer friction ring is matched with the inner conical surface of the annular boss to form a friction pair.

Description of reference numerals:

1-a first gear assembly; 11-a first gear; 111-large rounded corners; 12-a first bonded ring gear; 121-a first coupling tooth; 13-a first annular boss; 131-an inner conical surface of the first annular boss; 14-a second groove; 15-a first limit platform; 16-a fourth groove; 17-non-enclosed groove structure; 18-a first transition fillet composite structure;

2-a second gear assembly; 21-a second gear; 211-large rounded corner; 22-a second conjoined gear ring; 221-a second coupling tooth; 23-a second annular boss; 231-a second annular boss inner conical surface; 24-a groove; 25-a second limit platform; 28-a second transition fillet composite structure;

3-sliding gear sleeve; 31-standard meshing teeth; 311-a first chamfer bevel; 32-locking teeth; 321-a second chamfer bevel; 33-a limit boss; 34-arc structure; 35-tool withdrawal groove;

4-a gear hub; 41-card slot; 42-a radial groove; 43-groove-like structure; 44-a first yielding slot; 45-long spline teeth; 46-short spline teeth;

5-steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body; 51-steel ball; 52-a spring; 53-a slide block;

6-a locking ring; 61-a yield gap; 62-spline locking teeth; 621-inclined plane; 63-a second abdicating groove; 64-round corners; 65-a first groove; 66-circumferential limit lugs; 67-flat platform; 68-outer annular surface; 69-inner ring surface; 690-a third recess; 691-closed groove construction; 692-lubricating oil holes; 693-radial lubricating through groove; 694-transition fillet composite structure; 695-arc transition structure;

7-a first friction ring; 71-a first lug; 72-a first scoop structure; 73-a first lubrication groove;

8-a second friction ring; 81-second claws; 82-a second scoop-like structure; 83-second lubrication groove; 84-sink trough like structure;

9-a third friction ring;

10-fourth friction ring.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded single-cone synchronizer, and is disposed between a first gear assembly 1 and a second gear assembly 2, where the first gear assembly 1 is composed of a first gear 11 and a first combined gear ring 12; the second gear assembly 2 is constituted by a second gear 21 and a second ring gear 22.

The embedded single-conical-surface synchronizer comprises a gear hub 4, a sliding gear sleeve 3, a steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body 5 and a pair of locking rings 6; the sliding gear sleeve 3 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the gear hub 4 and can axially slide relative to the gear hub 4; the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body 5 is arranged between the sliding gear sleeve 3 and the gear hub 4 and is positioned in a radial groove 42 of the gear hub 4 (as shown in figure 4); a pair of lock rings 6 are respectively fitted to both ends of the hub 4.

In order to reduce the installation distance of the synchronizer, the second annular boss 23 with a conical inner wall is arranged on the gear web of the second gear 21, and the inner wall of the first annular boss 13 and the positioning end face are directly transited to form a large fillet 111. The inner wall of the second annular boss 23 directly transitions with the locating end face to form a large fillet 211, as shown in fig. 7 and 8. Therefore, the synchronizer can be embedded into the gear for installation, so that the outer conical surfaces of the pair of locking rings 6 and the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23 respectively form friction pairs.

As shown in fig. 1, the steel ball spring encapsulated slider body 5 comprises a steel ball 51, a spring 52 and a slider 53; the slide block 53 is nested in the radial groove 42 of the gear hub 4 and can not move along the radial direction of the gear hub 4 but can move along the axial direction of the gear hub 4; the spring 52 is arranged in the slide block 53, the steel ball 51 and the spring 52 are packaged into a whole, the steel ball 51 can not be separated out by itself, and the steel ball 51 can freely slide in the spherical groove at the lower end of the sliding gear sleeve 3 and can do telescopic motion along the radial direction.

As shown in fig. 2, the internal teeth of the sliding sleeve 3 have two forms, a long tooth group and a short tooth group; the long tooth groups and the short tooth groups are uniformly and alternately arranged along the inner circle of the sliding tooth sleeve 3; the long tooth set includes a plurality of standard engaging teeth 31; the standard meshing teeth 31 are used for meshing with the first combination teeth 121 of the first combination gear ring 12 of the first gear assembly 1 or the second combination teeth 221 of the second combination gear ring 22 of the second gear assembly 2 to transmit power; the standard engaging tooth 31 has first chamfer slopes 311 on both sides in the axial direction. The short tooth set includes a plurality of locking teeth 32; the locking teeth 32 are adapted to engage with the splined locking teeth 62 of the locking ring 6 for locking; the locking tooth 32 has second chamfer inclined surfaces 321 on two sides in the axial direction, and the second chamfer inclined surfaces 321 are used for contacting with inclined surfaces 621 on the spline locking teeth 62 of the locking ring 6 so as to tightly attach the locking in the synchronous speed difference process of the synchronizer and improve the reliability of the locking. The tooth profile and the locking angle (two locking angles in the present invention, which are determined by the first chamfer slope 311 and the second chamfer slope 321, respectively) of the standard meshing teeth 31 and the locking teeth 32 can be flexibly selected according to the actually required functions.

In order to facilitate the use of the chamfering machine for machining the locking teeth 32 and avoid interference between the tool bar of the chamfering machine and the standard meshing teeth 31, a relief 35 is provided between adjacent long tooth groups and short tooth groups, and the relief 35 can be formed by removing a plurality of locking teeth 32 on the sliding sleeve 3 adjacent to the long tooth groups, as shown in fig. 2.

The locking teeth 32 in the short tooth group can be divided into two identical locking units, and a limit boss 33 is arranged between the two locking units, and the limit boss 33 is used for contacting with the first combination teeth 121 of the first combination gear ring 12 of the first gear assembly 1 or the second combination teeth 221 of the second combination gear ring 22 of the second gear assembly 2; when the sliding gear sleeve 3 axially moves for a certain distance, the limiting boss 33 is contacted with the first combination tooth 121 or the second combination tooth 221, so that the sliding gear sleeve 3 is limited to continuously axially move, and the function of limiting in-place gear engagement is realized; the limit boss 33 may be an isosceles trapezoid limit boss, a spline tooth shape limit boss, a rectangular limit boss, a square limit boss, a semicircular limit boss, or a basin-shaped limit boss. Meanwhile, a first abdicating groove 44 (shown in fig. 3) is formed after a plurality of teeth are removed from corresponding positions on the gear hub 4, and a second abdicating groove 63 (shown in fig. 4) is formed after a plurality of spline locking teeth 62 are removed from corresponding positions on the locking ring 6, so as to avoid interference with the limiting boss 33 on the sliding gear sleeve 3, and thus the sliding gear sleeve 3 can slide axially and smoothly; the number of the limiting lug bosses 33 arranged on the sliding gear sleeve 3, the gear hub 4 and the corresponding tooth removing quantity on the first locking ring 6 can be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more, and the purpose of avoiding interference is achieved.

In order to facilitate the processing of the locking teeth 32, a large arc or three-arc spliced arc-shaped structure 34 is arranged at the root of the locking teeth 32 on the inner ring of the sliding gear sleeve 3, so that the large-diameter milling cutter can be used for processing conveniently.

As shown in fig. 4, the locking ring 6 is composed of a circular bottom plate and a conical cylinder arranged in the middle of the circular bottom plate (the circular bottom plate and the conical cylinder may be an integral piece, or may be separate pieces connected by a concave-convex matching structure); a plurality of groups of locking tooth groups are arranged on the circumferential outer side wall of the annular bottom plate at intervals, and each group of locking tooth groups comprises a plurality of spline locking teeth 62; the tooth side of the spline locking tooth 62 is provided with a slope 621, and the slope 621 is used for connecting with the second chamfer slope 321 on the two sides of the locking tooth 32 of the sliding tooth sleeve 3; an abdicating notch 61 is formed between two adjacent locking tooth groups, and the abdicating notch 61 can avoid interference between the locking ring 6 and spline teeth of the gear hub 4; a fillet 64 (also can be a chamfer angle) is further chamfered at the groove bottom of the abdicating notch 61 so as to avoid interference with the tooth edge of the gear hub 4; a circumferential limiting lug 66 protruding outwards along the radial direction is further arranged in the middle of each abdicating notch 61. A flat platform 67 is provided at the root of the circumferential stop lug 66 to avoid interference with the hub gear 4. The cone cylinder is provided with an outer ring surface 68 and an inner ring surface 69, the outer ring surface 68 is a conical surface, and the inner ring surface 69 can be a conical surface or a plane; the outer ring surface 68 and the inner ring surface 69 may be provided with lubricating oil holes 692 (shown in fig. 6) or may not be provided with lubricating oil holes (shown in fig. 5); the end face of the small end of the cone cylinder can be provided with a radial lubricating through groove 693, the root can be added with arc transition (as shown in figure 6), or the radial lubricating through groove (as shown in figure 5) can be omitted; in order to avoid interference and prevent stress concentration from breaking and to have a certain function of collecting lubricating oil, a transition fillet assembly 694 is provided between the outer ring surface 68 and the transition of the annular bottom plate, and the transition fillet assembly 694 may take several forms as shown in a) -e) of fig. 27, where a) is an axial straight portion + a radial conical surface inward concave portion + a fillet portion, b) is an axial leftward concave portion + a radial conical surface extension + a fillet portion, c) is an axial leftward concave portion + a radial conical surface straight portion + a fillet portion, d) is an axial leftward concave portion + a radial conical surface inward concave portion + a fillet portion, and e) is an axial straight portion + a radial conical surface extension + a fillet portion. The inner annular surface 69 is connected to the annular bottom plate by an arc-shaped transition structure 695.

As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of slots 41 for engaging with the circumferential limiting lugs 66 of the locking ring 6 are arranged on the gear hub 4 at intervals, when the two are engaged, the locking ring 6 can only rotate 1/4 cycles or half pitch relative to the gear hub 4, and at this time, when the sliding gear sleeve 3 moves axially along the gear hub 4, the inclined surface 621 of the spline locking tooth 62 of the locking ring 6 can be attached to the second chamfered inclined surface 321 of the locking tooth 32 of the sliding gear sleeve 3 to lock; the number of the circumferential limiting lugs 66 arranged on the locking ring 6 is equal to that of the clamping grooves 41 arranged on the gear hub 4, and can be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more.

In order to nest the lock ring 4 on the hub 4, the hub 4 has long spline teeth 45 and short spline teeth 46 arranged alternately, and a groove-like structure 63 for accommodating the spline locking teeth 62 on the lock ring 6 is formed between the short spline teeth 46 and the adjacent long spline teeth 45; after the locking ring 6 is nested on the gear hub 4, the spline locking teeth 62 of the locking ring are radially nested in the groove-shaped structures 63 on the gear hub 6, and the number of the groove-shaped structures 43 can be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more, as shown in fig. 3.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 9, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded double-cone synchronizer, and is disposed between a first gear assembly 1 and a second gear assembly 2, wherein the first gear assembly 1 is composed of a first gear 11 and a first combined ring gear 12; the second gear assembly 2 is constituted by a second gear 21 and a second ring gear 22.

The embedded double-conical-surface synchronizer comprises a gear hub 4, a sliding gear sleeve 3, a steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body 5, a pair of locking rings 6, a pair of first friction rings 7 and a pair of second friction rings 8; the sliding gear sleeve 3 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the gear hub 4 and can axially slide relative to the gear hub 4; the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body 5 is arranged between the sliding gear sleeve 1 and the gear hub 2 and is positioned in a radial groove of the gear hub 2; a pair of locking rings 6 are respectively nested at two ends of the gear hub 2; the pair of first friction rings 7 are respectively provided on both sides of the axial direction of the hub gear 2, the pair of second friction rings 8 are respectively provided on both sides of the axial direction of the hub gear 2, and both the first friction rings 7 and the second friction rings 8 are located outside the lock ring 6.

In order to reduce the installation distance of the synchronizer, in the embodiment, the first annular boss 13 with the conical inner wall is arranged on the gear web of the first gear 11, the second annular boss 23 with the conical inner wall is arranged on the gear web of the second gear 21, so that the synchronizer can be embedded into the gear for installation, after installation, the outer conical surfaces of a pair of first friction rings 7 respectively form a first friction pair with the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23, the inner conical surfaces of a pair of first friction rings 7 respectively form a second friction pair with the outer conical surfaces of a pair of second friction rings 8, and in the synchronization process, the conical surfaces of the first friction pair and the second friction pair work simultaneously to play a friction synchronization role.

The structures of the sliding gear sleeve 3, the gear hub 4 and the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body 5 in the embodiment are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and detailed description is omitted.

As shown in fig. 10, the locking ring 6 is annular, and a plurality of locking tooth sets are arranged on the outer circumferential side wall of the locking ring at intervals, and each locking tooth set comprises a plurality of spline locking teeth 62; the tooth side of the spline locking tooth 62 is provided with a slope 621, and the slope 621 is used for connecting with the second chamfer slope 321 on the two sides of the locking tooth 32 of the sliding tooth sleeve 3; an abdicating notch 61 is formed between two adjacent locking tooth groups, and the abdicating notch 61 can avoid interference between the locking ring 6 and spline teeth of the gear hub 4; a fillet 64 (also can be a chamfer angle) is further chamfered at the groove bottom of the abdicating notch 61 so as to avoid interference with the tooth edge of the gear hub 4; a circumferential limiting lug 66 protruding outwards along the radial direction is further arranged in the middle of each abdicating notch 61. A flat platform 67 is provided at the root of the circumferential limit lug 6E to avoid interference with the hub gear 4.

As shown in fig. 11, a plurality of first claws 71 are provided on the large end surface of the first friction ring 7 in the circumferential direction; as shown in fig. 10, the locking ring 6 is provided with a first groove 65 (which may be a through hole) adapted to the first claw 71; the first claw 71 is matched with the first groove 65, so that the first friction ring 7 and the locking ring 6 can rotate synchronously along the circumferential direction; the first claws 71 may be rectangular and kidney-shaped, and the first grooves 65 may be rectangular, kidney-shaped, circular, racetrack-shaped, etc.; the number of the first claws 71 and the first grooves 65 is equal, and may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more. Or, a groove may be circumferentially arranged on the small end surface of the first friction ring 7, and a boss matched with the groove on the small end surface of the first friction ring 7 is arranged on the locking ring 6, so that the first friction ring 7 and the locking ring 6 synchronously rotate in the circumferential direction through the matching of the groove and the boss.

As shown in fig. 12, a plurality of second claws 81 are provided on the small end surface of the second friction ring 8 along the circumferential direction; as shown in fig. 14, a second groove 14 adapted to the second claw 81 is provided on the first gear 11; the second friction ring 8 and the first gear assembly 1 can rotate synchronously along the circumferential direction through the matching of the second claws 81 and the second grooves 14; the second claws 81 can be rectangular and kidney-shaped, and the second grooves 14 can be rectangular, basin-shaped, kidney-shaped, round, run-to-run-shape, etc.; the number of the second claws 81 and the second grooves 14 is equal, and may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more. Alternatively, a plurality of grooves may be circumferentially arranged on the large end surface of the second friction ring 8, and corresponding bosses are arranged on the first gear 11, so that the second friction ring 8 and the first gear assembly 1 can rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction through the matching of the grooves and the bosses. The mode of the second friction ring 8 and the second gear assembly 2 for realizing circumferential synchronous rotation is the same as the mode of the second friction ring 8 and the first gear assembly 1 for realizing circumferential synchronous rotation, namely, a groove 24 is arranged on the second gear assembly 2, and a matched convex claw is arranged on the second friction ring 8.

In order to avoid the root of the first claw 71 on the first friction ring 7 from breaking, a first spoon-shaped structure 72 formed by an arc surface and an inclined surface is processed at the root of the first claw 71, as shown in fig. 11; similarly, a second spoon-shaped structure 82 composed of an arc surface and an inclined surface is processed at the root of the second claw 81 on the second friction ring 8, as shown in fig. 12. In other embodiments, the second scoop structure 82 may be replaced with a sink-shaped structure 84 as shown in fig. 12, and similarly, the first scoop structure 72 may be replaced with a sink-shaped structure.

In order to facilitate lubricating the conical surface of the friction pair of the synchronizer and take away heat generated in the friction process, a first lubricating oil groove 73 (shown in fig. 11) is further formed in the small end face of the first friction ring 7, and a second lubricating oil groove 83 (shown in fig. 12 and 13) is further formed in the small end face of the second friction ring 8; the number of the first lubricating oil grooves 73 and the second lubricating oil grooves 83 can be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more, the section can be trapezoid, rectangle, square, U-shaped or V-shaped, and the like, and the arc transition can be added at the root part.

In order to avoid interference and prevent stress concentration from breaking and have a certain function of collecting lubricating oil, transition fillet combined

structures

18 and 28 shown in a) to e) in fig. 27 are arranged at the transition of the inner conical surface 131 of the first annular boss of the first gear 11 and the first limit platform 15 and the transition of the inner conical surface 231 of the second annular boss of the first gear assembly 2 and the second limit platform 25, as shown in fig. 9 and 14; wherein a) is an axial straight portion + a radial conical surface inward concave portion + a round portion, b) is an axial leftward concave portion + a radial conical surface extending portion + a round portion, c) is an axial leftward concave portion + a radial conical surface straight portion + a round portion, d) is an axial leftward concave portion + a radial conical surface inward concave portion + a round portion, and e) is an axial straight portion + a radial conical surface extending portion + a round portion.

The transmission gear oil flows from the center to the outer side along the first lubricating oil groove 73 in the radial direction, and flows from the center to the outer side in the first friction pair, the small end of the friction conical surface of the second friction pair is shunted, and flows in from the first friction pair and the small end surface of the second friction pair respectively, and flows out from the large end surface, and then flows out from the edge end surface of the gear hub 4 and the end surface of the first gear assembly 1 and the end surface of the combined gear ring on the second gear assembly 2, and finally flows into the bottom of the transmission shell, so that a closed loop lubricating circuit is formed, the friction conical surface of the synchronizer is lubricated continuously, and the heat generated by friction in the synchronous process is taken away, so that the friction material can.

Example 3:

as shown in fig. 15, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded three-cone synchronizer, and is based on the solution of embodiment 1, a pair of first friction rings 7 and a pair of second friction rings 8 are added between the annular boss and the locking ring, and at the same time, in order to enable the first friction rings 7 and the locking ring 6 to rotate synchronously, the structure of the locking ring 6 is adjusted accordingly; after the installation of the embodiment, the outer conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23 respectively form a first friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 respectively form a second friction pair, and the inner conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of locking rings 6 respectively form a third friction pair; in the synchronization process, the conical surfaces of the first friction pair, the second friction pair and the third friction pair work simultaneously to play a friction synchronization role.

The first friction ring 7 and the second friction ring 8 in the present embodiment have the same structure as in embodiment 2.

In the present embodiment, the locking ring 6 is obtained by adding the first grooves 65 (as shown in fig. 16 and 17) matched with the first claws 71 of the first friction ring 7 to the annular bottom plate of the locking ring 6 on the basis of the structure of the locking ring 6 in embodiment 1, and the locking ring 6 and the first friction ring 7 can rotate synchronously by matching the first claws 71 with the first grooves 65.

Example 4:

as shown in fig. 18, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded four-cone synchronizer, and based on the solution of embodiment 2, a third friction ring 9 and a fourth friction ring 10 are respectively sleeved on inner sides of a pair of second friction rings 8 in sequence, and meanwhile, the size and structure of the locking ring 6 are adaptively adjusted, so that the fourth friction ring 10 can be pushed when the locking ring 6 moves axially, and the locking ring 6 can rotate synchronously with the first friction ring 7 and the third friction ring 9; after the installation of the embodiment, the external conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the internal conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23 respectively form a first friction pair, the internal conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the external conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 respectively form a second friction pair, the internal conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 and the external conical surfaces of the pair of third friction rings 9 respectively form a third friction pair, and the internal conical surfaces of the pair of third friction rings 9 and the external conical surfaces of the pair of fourth friction rings 10 respectively form a fourth friction pair; in the synchronization process, the conical surfaces of the first friction pair, the second friction pair, the third friction pair and the fourth friction pair work simultaneously to play a friction synchronization role.

The structure of the third friction ring 9 in this embodiment is the same as that of the first friction ring 7, except that the radii of the inner and outer conical surfaces are different; the fourth friction ring 10 is identical in construction to the second friction ring 8 except for the difference in the radii of the inner and outer conical surfaces. Correspondingly, a fourth groove 16 needs to be additionally arranged on the first gear 11, and the fourth friction ring 10 and the first gear assembly 1 can synchronously rotate through the matching of a fourth claw on the fourth friction ring 10 and the fourth groove 16 on the first gear 11, as shown in fig. 22; the second grooves 14 on the first gear 11 (for cooperating with the second claws 81 on the second friction ring 8 to make them rotate synchronously) and the fourth grooves 16 may be arranged at a certain angle along the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 22; or may be arranged at the same angle in the circumferential direction. The number of the second grooves 14 and the number of the fourth grooves 16 may be the same or different. The second groove 14 and the fourth groove 16 may be combined to form a large closed groove structure, which may be square, rectangular, kidney-shaped or oval-like, or the second groove 14 and the fourth groove 16 may be combined to form a non-closed groove structure 17 with an inner opening, and the number of the non-closed groove structure 17 may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more, as shown in fig. 23. Similarly, the second gear 21 is also subjected to corresponding structural adjustment, and the specific structural adjustment mode refers to the first gear 11.

In the present embodiment, the locking ring 6 is formed by adding a third groove 690 (shown in fig. 19 and 20) which is matched with the third claw of the third friction ring 9 to the structure of the locking ring 6 of embodiment 2, and the locking ring 6 and the third friction ring 9 can rotate synchronously by matching the third claw on the third friction ring 9 with the third groove 690 on the locking ring 6.

The first recess 65 and the third recess 690 of the lock ring 6 in this embodiment may be arranged at a certain angle in the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 19; or may be arranged at the same angle in the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 20; the number of first recesses 65 and third recesses 690 may be the same or different. The first recess 65 and the third recess 690 may also be combined to form a large enclosed recess structure 691, the number of which may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more, as shown in FIG. 21; the enclosed groove structure 691 may be square, rectangular, kidney-shaped, or oval-like; or the first recess 65 and the third recess 690 may also be combined into a non-enclosed recess structure having an inner opening, and the number may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more.

Example 5:

as shown in fig. 24 and 32, the synchronizer of the present embodiment is an embedded five-cone synchronizer, and on the basis of the embodiment 1, a pair of first friction rings 7, a pair of second friction rings 8, a pair of third friction rings 9, and a pair of fourth friction rings 10 are sequentially added between the annular boss and the lock ring from outside to inside, and at the same time, in order to enable the lock ring 6 and the first friction ring 7 to rotate synchronously and enable the lock ring 6 and the third friction ring 9 to rotate synchronously, the structure of the lock ring 6 is adjusted accordingly; in order to make the fourth friction ring 10 rotate synchronously with the first gear 11/the second gear 21, the first gear 11 and the second gear 22 need to be adjusted correspondingly, which can refer to the adjustment method of embodiment 4. After the installation of the embodiment, the outer conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23 respectively form a first friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of first friction rings 7 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 respectively form a second friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of second friction rings 8 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of third friction rings 9 respectively form a third friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of the pair of third friction rings 9 and the outer conical surfaces of the pair of fourth friction rings 10 respectively form a fourth friction pair, and the inner conical surfaces of the pair of fourth friction rings 10 and the outer conical surfaces of the locking ring 6 respectively form a fifth friction pair; in the synchronization process, the conical surfaces of the first friction pair, the second friction pair, the third friction pair, the fourth friction pair and the fifth friction pair work simultaneously to play a friction synchronization role.

The structures of the first friction ring 7 and the second friction ring 8 in the present embodiment are the same as the structures of the first friction ring 7 and the second friction ring 8 in embodiment 2; the structure of the third friction ring 9 is the same as that of the first friction ring 7, and the difference is that the radiuses of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface of the third friction ring are different; the fourth friction ring 10 is identical in construction to the second friction ring 8 except for the difference in the radii of the inner and outer conical surfaces.

In the present embodiment, the locking ring 6 is obtained by additionally providing the first groove 65 matched with the first claw 71 of the first friction ring 7 and the third groove 690 matched with the claw on the third friction ring 9 on the annular bottom plate of the locking ring 6 on the basis of embodiment 1 (as shown in fig. 25 and 26), the locking ring 6 and the first friction ring 7 can rotate synchronously by matching the first claw 71 with the first groove 65, and the locking ring 6 and the third friction ring 9 can rotate synchronously by matching the third claw with the third groove 690.

The first recess 65 and the third recess 690 of the lock ring 6 in this embodiment may be arranged at a certain angle in the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 25 and 26; can also be arranged along the circumferential direction at the same angle; the number of first recesses 65 and third recesses 690 may be the same or different. The first recess 65 and the third recess 690 may also be combined to form a large enclosed recess structure, and the number may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more; the closed groove structure can be square, rectangular, waist-shaped or oval-like; or the first recess 65 and the third recess 690 may also be combined into a non-enclosed recess structure having an inner opening, and the number may be 3, 4, 5, 6 or more.

In any of the friction pairs of embodiments 1-5, when friction material is disposed, the friction material may be disposed on any surface of the friction pair, taking an embedded five-cone synchronizer as an example: the first friction pair can adopt a mode of increasing friction materials on the outer conical surface of the first friction ring 7, or adopt a mode of increasing friction materials on the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 on the first gear assembly 1 and the second annular boss 23 on the second gear assembly 2; the second friction pair can adopt a mode of adding friction materials on the inner conical surface of the first friction ring 7 or adopt a mode of adding friction materials on the outer conical surface of the second friction ring 8; the third friction pair can adopt a mode of increasing friction materials on the inner conical surface of the second friction ring 8 or adopt a mode of increasing friction materials on the outer conical surface of the fourth friction ring 9; the fourth friction pair can adopt a mode of increasing friction materials on the inner conical surface of the fourth friction ring 9 or adopt a mode of increasing friction materials on the outer conical surface of the fifth friction ring 10; the fifth friction pair may be formed by adding friction material to the inner conical surface of the fifth friction ring 10 or by adding friction material to the outer conical surface of the locking ring 6. The friction material can be carbon composite friction material such as bonded carbon fiber and carbon particles, or sprayed molybdenum, copper alloy, sintered copper and resin friction material.

In the above embodiments 1 to 5, the first

engaging teeth

121 and 221 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2 are external splines, and can be machined by a gear shaping machining process when the outer diameter of the gear teeth is small, and at this time, the gear shaping does not interfere with the end faces of the gear teeth in the axial direction. The first combined gear ring 12 and the first gear 11 of the first gear assembly 1, and the second combined gear ring 22 and the first gear 21 of the second gear assembly 2 may also be of an integrated structure, and as shown in fig. 29, the external splines on the combined gear rings may be processed by precision forging forming technology. The gear and the combined ring gear can also be integrally connected by adopting a welding process, and the welding mode can adopt axial welding as shown in fig. 30 or radial welding as shown in fig. 31.

If the radial space allows, the number of friction pairs can be increased according to the rules of the above embodiments 1-5, the structural arrangement of the synchronizer for odd cones is referred to the

above embodiments

1, 3 and 5, and the structural arrangement of the synchronizer for even cones is referred to the

above embodiments

2 and 4, which are not listed here.

For the embedded synchronizer with single conical surface, three conical surfaces and five conical surfaces, the inner annular surface 69 of the locking ring 6 can be a straight surface (non-conical surface) or a conical surface; for the embedded double-conical synchronizer, the inner annular surface of the second friction ring 8 can be a straight surface (non-conical surface) or a conical surface; for the embedded four-cone synchronizer, the inner annular surface of the fourth friction ring 10 may be a straight surface (non-conical surface) or a conical surface. For the embedded six-cone synchronizer and the synchronizer above, the analogy is carried out in this way.

The working principle and process of the present invention will be described below by taking an embedded five-cone synchronizer as an example, and the principles and processes of other structures are similar. The specific working principle and process are as follows:

the locking ring 6 is embedded in the gear hub 4, so that the locking ring 6 is driven by the gear hub 4 to rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction; the first friction ring 7 and the third friction ring 9 are both in concave-convex fit connection with the first locking ring 4, so that the first friction ring 7, the third friction ring 9 and the locking ring 6 rotate synchronously; therefore, the hub 4, the lock ring 6, the first friction ring 7, and the third friction ring 9 are rotated synchronously;

the second friction ring 8 and the fourth friction ring 10 are both in concave-convex fit connection with the first gear assembly 1 and rotate synchronously;

1. when the sliding gear sleeve 3 is pushed to move axially rightwards to shift gears, the ball socket of the sliding gear sleeve 3 drives the steel ball spring packaged sliding block body 5 to move axially together, the end face of the steel ball spring packaged sliding block body 5 is in contact with the end face of the locking ring 6, the outer ring surface 68 of the conical cylinder of the locking ring 6 extrudes the inner conical surface of the fourth friction ring 10, the outer conical surface of the fourth friction ring 10 extrudes the inner conical surface of the third friction ring 9, the outer conical surface of the third friction ring 9 extrudes the inner conical surface of the second friction ring 8, the outer conical surface of the second friction ring 8 extrudes the inner conical surface of the first friction ring 7, the outer conical surface of the first friction ring 7 extrudes the first annular boss inner conical surface 131 of the first gear assembly 1, and at the moment, five pairs of friction auxiliary conical surfaces are in a tight state;

2. under the action of circumferential friction torque generated by the friction conical surface, the spline locking teeth 62 of the locking ring 6 rotate 1/4 circumferential sections or half tooth pitch relative to the gear hub 4, then the second chamfer inclined plane 321 of the locking teeth 32 of the sliding gear sleeve 3 is attached to the inclined plane 621 of the spline locking teeth 62 of the locking ring 6 and is in a locking state, synchronization is started, the sliding gear sleeve 3, the gear hub 4, the locking ring 6, the third friction ring 9 and the first friction ring 7 are at the same rotating speed, the first gear assembly 1, the fourth friction ring 10 and the second friction ring 8 are at another rotating speed, the rotating speeds of the first gear assembly 1, the fourth friction ring 10 and the second friction ring 8 are finally consistent with continuous friction of the friction conical surface, and the friction torque generated by the conical surface disappears after the synchronization process is finished.

3. Then under the action of a gear engaging force, the locking ring 6 drives the third friction ring 9 and the first friction ring 7 to rotate 1/4 cycles or half pitch relative to the gear hub 4 along the opposite direction, the sliding gear sleeve 3 presses down the steel ball of the steel ball spring packaging type slider body 5, the spring of the steel ball spring packaging type slider body 5 is further compressed, the sliding gear sleeve 3 passes through the steel ball of the steel ball spring packaging type slider body 5 and the locking ring 6, the standard meshing teeth 31 of the sliding gear sleeve 3 are meshed with the first combination teeth 121 of the first gear assembly 1, and finally, the sliding gear sleeve stops moving after reaching the designated position and moving, and the gear engaging process is completed.

The principle of pushing the sliding gear sleeve 1 to move leftwards axially to engage gears is the same as the principle of moving rightwards to engage gears.

It should be noted that in some applications, only one side of the gear shift is required, and in this case, the friction ring and the locking ring at one end of the gear hub 4 may be omitted from the above embodiment, that is, the locking ring is only nested at one end of the gear hub 4, or the locking ring and the friction ring are nested.

In order to take away heat generated by friction in the synchronization process and enable the friction material to work for a long time as described in the above embodiments, the present invention further designs a corresponding lubricating oil path, which is described below by taking an embedded five-cone synchronizer as an example.

The embedded five-cone synchronizer flows lubricating oil under the action of centrifugal force of gear rotation according to an arrow shown in figure 28:

(1) the lubricating oil flows outwards along the small end face of the locking ring 6 in the radial direction, or simultaneously flows outwards along the lubricating oil holes 692 communicated with the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface of the locking ring 6, or simultaneously flows outwards along the radial lubricating through groove 693 on the small end face of the locking ring 6; when meeting the inner conical surface of the fourth friction ring 10, the lubricating oil flows tangentially along the conical surface of the fifth friction pair to lubricate the surface of the fifth friction pair and take away the heat of the surface of the fifth friction pair.

(2) The lubricating oil continues to flow in the radial direction, one part of the lubricating oil passes through a lubricating oil groove in the end face of the small end of the fourth friction ring 10, the other part of the lubricating oil flows along gaps among the small end face of the fourth friction ring 10, the first limiting platform 15 and the second limiting platform 25 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, and the lubricating oil flows along the tangential direction of the conical surface of the fourth friction pair when encountering the inner conical surface of the third friction ring 9, lubricates the surface of the fourth friction pair and takes away heat on the surface of the fourth friction pair.

(3) The lubricating oil continues to flow in the radial direction, one part of the lubricating oil passes through a lubricating oil groove on the end surface of the small end of the third friction ring 9, the other part of the lubricating oil flows along gaps among the small end surface of the third friction ring 9, the first limiting platform 15 and the second limiting platform 25 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, and the lubricating oil flows along the tangential direction of the conical surface of the third friction pair when encountering the inner conical surface of the second friction ring 8, lubricates the surface of the third friction pair and takes away the heat on the surface of the third friction pair.

(4) The lubricating oil continues to flow in the radial direction, one part of the lubricating oil passes through a lubricating oil groove on the end face of the small end of the second friction ring 8, the other part of the lubricating oil flows along gaps between the small end face of the second friction ring 8 and the first limiting platform 15 and the second limiting platform 25 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, and the lubricating oil flows along the tangential direction of the conical surface of the second friction pair when meeting the inner conical surface of the first friction ring 7, lubricates the surface of the second friction pair and takes away the heat on the surface of the second friction pair.

(5) The lubricating oil continues to flow in the radial direction, one part of the lubricating oil passes through a lubricating oil groove on the end surface of the small end of the first friction ring 7, the other part of the lubricating oil flows along gaps between the small end surface of the first friction ring 7 and the first limiting platform 15 and the second limiting platform 25 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, and the lubricating oil flows along the tangential direction of the conical surface of the first friction pair when encountering the inner conical surfaces of the first annular boss 13 and the second annular boss 23 of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, so that the surface of the first friction pair is lubricated, and the heat on the surface of the first friction pair is taken away.

(6) Lubricating oil flows out from each friction pair conical surface, flows out from the end surface of the gear hub 4 and the combined tooth end surfaces of the first gear assembly 1 and the second gear assembly 2, finally flows into the bottom of the transmission shell to form a closed loop, continuously lubricates the friction conical surface of the synchronizer, takes away heat generated by summarizing friction in the synchronization process, and enables the friction material to work for a long time.

In the above embodiments 1 to 5, the annular boss which forms the friction pair with the outer tapered surface of the outer friction ring is provided on the gear belly portion, and in other embodiments, the annular boss which forms the friction pair with the outer tapered surface of the outer friction ring may be partially provided on the gear belly portion and partially provided on the inner side wall of the coupling ring gear, as shown in fig. 33 (a), or may be provided only on the inner side wall of the coupling ring gear, as shown in fig. 33 (b).

Claims

1. A large capacity embedded conical synchronizer;

the method is characterized in that:

comprises a gear hub (4), a sliding gear sleeve (3), a steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body (5) and a locking ring (6); the sliding gear sleeve (3) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the gear hub (4), can axially slide relative to the gear hub (4), and can axially lock with the locking ring (6) after axially sliding for a certain distance; the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body (5) is arranged between the sliding gear sleeve (3) and the gear hub (4) and used for providing certain resistance for the sliding gear sleeve (3) and pushing the locking ring (6) to move axially when the sliding gear sleeve (3) moves axially; the locking ring (6) is nested at one end of the gear hub (4); or the locking rings are a pair and are respectively nested at two ends of the gear hub (4);

the locking ring (6) is composed of a circular bottom plate and a conical cylinder arranged in the middle of the circular bottom plate; the annular bottom plate and the conical cylinder are an integrated piece or are separated pieces which are connected together through concave-convex matching; lugs (66) protruding outwards in the radial direction are arranged on the circumferential outer side wall of the circular ring-shaped bottom plate at intervals, a plurality of clamping grooves (41) matched with the lugs (66) are arranged on the gear hub (4) at intervals, and the clamping grooves (41) are matched with the lugs (66) to enable the locking ring (6) to rotate 1/4 circumferential pitches or half tooth pitches relative to the gear hub (4); the outer ring surface (68) of the cone cylinder is a conical surface; the outer ring surface (68) of the locking ring (6) and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the corresponding gear assembly form a friction pair.

2. The large capacity embedded cone synchronizer of claim 1, wherein:

the number of the locking rings (6) is one, and N-1 friction rings are sequentially arranged between the annular boss and the locking ring (6) from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an odd number greater than 1; numbering the N-1 friction rings from 1 to inside along the radial direction, wherein the outer conical surfaces of the first friction rings (7) and the inner conical surfaces of the annular bosses on the gear form first friction pairs respectively, the inner conical surfaces of the first friction pairs (7) and the outer conical surfaces of the second friction rings (8) form second friction pairs respectively, and the like, and the inner conical surfaces of the N-1 friction rings and the outer annular surface (68) of the locking ring (6) form an N-1 friction pair respectively;

in the N-1 friction rings, friction rings with odd numbers are matched with the annular bottom plate of the locking ring (6) through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

3. The large capacity embedded cone synchronizer of claim 1, wherein:

the locking rings (6) are a pair, and N-1 pairs of friction rings are sequentially arranged between the annular boss and the locking rings (6) from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an odd number greater than 1; numbering the N-1 pairs of friction rings from 1 to 1 from outside to inside along the radial direction, wherein the outer conical surfaces of a pair of first friction rings (7) and the inner conical surfaces of annular bosses on the corresponding gears respectively form a first friction pair, the inner conical surfaces of a pair of first friction pairs (7) and the outer conical surfaces of a pair of second friction rings (8) form a second friction pair, and by analogy, the inner conical surfaces of the N-1 pair of friction rings and the outer annular surfaces (68) of a pair of locking rings (6) respectively form an N-1 friction pair;

in the N-1 pairs of friction rings, the friction rings with odd numbers are matched and connected with the annular bottom plate of the locking ring (6) through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

4. A large capacity embedded cone synchronizer according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein:

the inner teeth of the sliding gear sleeve (3) comprise a long tooth group and a short tooth group; the long tooth groups and the short tooth groups are uniformly and alternately arranged along the inner circle of the sliding tooth sleeve (3);

the long tooth group comprises a plurality of standard meshing teeth (31); the standard meshing teeth (31) are used for being meshed with a combined gear ring on a corresponding gear to transmit power; both sides of the standard meshing teeth (31) in the axial direction have first chamfered slopes (311);

the short tooth group comprises a plurality of locking teeth (32); the locking teeth (32) are used for being meshed with spline locking teeth (62) of the locking ring (6) to lock; the locking tooth (32) has second chamfer slopes (321) on both sides in the axial direction;

the gear hub (4) is provided with long spline teeth (45) and short spline teeth (46) which are alternately arranged, and a groove-shaped structure (43) is formed between each short spline tooth (46) and the adjacent long spline tooth (45);

the set of locking teeth includes a plurality of splined locking teeth (62); the tooth side of the spline locking tooth (62) is provided with a slope (621), and the slope (621) is used for being in contact with a second chamfer slope (321) on the locking tooth (32); an abdicating notch (61) is formed between every two adjacent locking tooth groups, and the abdicating notch (61) is used for avoiding the interference between the locking ring (6) and the long spline teeth (45) of the gear hub (4); the lug (66) is positioned in the middle of the abdicating notch (61);

the locking ring (6) is axially nested on the gear hub (4); the spline locking teeth (62) on the locking ring (6) are positioned in the groove-shaped structure (43); the long spline teeth (45) on the gear hub (4) are positioned in the abdicating notch (61);

the plurality of locking teeth (32) can be divided into two same locking units, a limiting boss (33) is arranged between the two locking units, and the limiting boss (33) is used for being in contact with a corresponding combined gear ring so as to limit the axial movement stroke of the sliding gear sleeve (3);

correspondingly, a first yielding groove (44) is formed after a plurality of teeth are removed from corresponding positions on the gear hub (4), and a second yielding groove (63) is formed after a plurality of spline locking teeth (62) are removed from corresponding positions on the locking ring (6), so that interference with the limiting boss (33) is avoided.

5. The large capacity embedded cone synchronizer of claim 4, wherein: the outer ring surface (68) and the inner ring surface (69) are both provided with communicated lubricating oil holes (692); a radial lubricating through groove (693) is arranged on the small end face of the conical cylinder; and lubricating oil grooves are formed in the end faces of the small ends of the N-1 or N-1 pairs of friction rings.

6. The large capacity embedded cone synchronizer of claim 5, wherein: a transition fillet combined structure (694) is arranged between the outer ring surface (68) and the transition position of the circular ring-shaped bottom plate.

7. A large-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer,

the method is characterized in that:

the sliding block comprises a gear hub (4), a sliding gear sleeve (3), a steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body (5), one/pair of locking rings (6) and N/pair of friction rings which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction; n is an even number greater than 2;

the sliding gear sleeve (3) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the gear hub (4), can axially slide relative to the gear hub (4), and can axially lock with the locking ring (6) after axially sliding for a certain distance; the steel ball spring packaging type sliding block body (5) is arranged between the sliding gear sleeve (3) and the gear hub (4) and used for providing certain resistance for the sliding gear sleeve (3) and pushing the locking ring (6) to move axially when the sliding gear sleeve (3) moves axially; when one locking ring (6) is arranged, the locking ring is nested at the end part of the gear hub (4); when the locking rings (6) are a pair, the locking rings are respectively nested at two ends of the gear hub (4);

the locking ring (6) is annular, the outer circumferential side wall of the locking ring is provided with lugs (66) which are outwards protruded along the radial direction, the gear hub (4) is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves (41) which are matched with the lugs (66) at intervals, and the clamping grooves (41) are matched with the lugs (66) to realize that the locking ring (6) can only rotate 1/4 circumferential pitches or half tooth pitches relative to the gear hub (4);

numbering the N/pairs of friction rings from 1 to 1 from outside to inside along the radial direction, so that the outer conical surface of one/pair of first friction rings (7) and the inner conical surface of the annular boss on the corresponding gear form a first friction pair, the inner conical surface of one/pair of first friction pairs (7) and the outer conical surface of one/pair of second friction rings (8) form a second friction pair, and so on, the inner conical surface of one/pair of N-1 friction rings and the outer conical surface of the N friction ring form an Nth friction pair;

friction rings with odd numbers in the N friction rings/friction ring pairs are matched and connected with the annular bottom plate of the locking ring (6) through a concave-convex structure, so that synchronous rotation is realized;

8. The large capacity embedded cone synchronizer of claim 7, wherein:

9. A large capacity embedded cone synchronizer according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: and lubricating oil grooves are formed in the end faces of the small ends of the N/pairs of friction rings.

10. A transmission comprising a synchronizer and a gear assembly; the method is characterized in that: the synchronizer is the large-capacity embedded conical surface synchronizer of any one of claims 1-9; the gear assembly comprises a gear and a combined gear ring; the gear and the combined gear ring are integrally forged and formed, and are fixedly connected by axial welding or radial welding; the annular boss is arranged at the belly of the gear; or the inner side wall of the combined gear ring; or one part is arranged on the belly part of the gear and the other part is arranged on the inner side wall of the combined gear ring.