CN111794251B - Expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system - Google Patents

Abstract

An expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system comprises an anchor cable anode structure, a drainage cathode structure, a moisture monitoring structure, a stress monitoring structure, a direct current stabilized power supply, a controller and a lead; the anchor cable anode structure comprises an anode tube, a hard insulating sleeve, an anchor cable and an anchor head; the anode tube comprises a plurality of sections of anode branch tubes and an insulating connecting tube. The invention also provides a construction method of the expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system. The invention not only considers the practical situation that the shallow layer of the expansive soil side slope is easy to be unstable and landslide, but also reinforces the anchor cable; the deep reason of instability and landslide is that the water content of the shallow layer of the expansive soil slope is too high after rainfall, and the control measures of electroosmosis drainage are timely carried out on the shallow layer of the expansive soil slope; the long-term monitoring of the service state of some major expansive soil slope projects is also considered, so that early warning and forecast of project disasters such as landslides and the like can be timely sent out.

Description

Expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of slope landslide prevention and reinforcement, and particularly relates to an expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system.

Background

In recent years, with the continuous deepening of national road network planning and medium-and-long-term railway planning, the infrastructure of traffic engineering is rapidly developed. According to design and construction requirements, a plurality of projects are inevitably built in the expansive soil area, so that various expansive soil slopes and project slopes are formed. The reasons why various expansive soil side slopes are unstable and landslide disasters are frequent due to the influence of special mechanical characteristics and engineering characteristics of expansive soil for a long time are that reasonable treatment and reinforcement treatment is not carried out on the expansive soil side slopes in the basic engineering construction, and particularly the understandings and the coping limitations on shallow layer landslide of the expansive soil side slopes are insufficient. Compared with the deep side slope body, the shallow layer body of the expansive soil side slope is more sensitive to the change response of the external natural climate. Under the comprehensive influence of the mass content, the microcosmic characteristics, the microscopic chemical and physical characteristics, the lower permeability and the like of the expansive soil, the water content of a shallow layer body on the slope is increased under the rainfall condition and is difficult to discharge in time, so that the expansive soil absorbs water and deforms in an expansion way; under the action of external evaporation, the water gradually volatilizes to form a slope soil body, and then the slope soil body is subjected to shrinkage deformation, and an expansion-shrinkage deformation repeated process is formed under the alternate action of rainfall and evaporation. When the upper layer and the lower layer of the internal interface of the expansive soil slope are deformed unevenly, cracks develop; when the crack develops to the deep part, a segmentation block is formed in the shallow layer range of the side slope body, the structural property of the side slope body is damaged, the strength is reduced, and the engineering property is changed. Under the action of further rainfall, load and the like in the later period, the unstable sliding of the slope shallow layer body is caused, so that disasters are formed, and the stability of the slope and the safety of overlying constructions are endangered. Therefore, the core of disaster prevention and treatment of the shallow layer body instability landslide and the like of the expansive soil side slope is to effectively control the water environment of the shallow layer body, namely to control the water content of the side slope body within a reasonable range, inhibit the expansion and contraction deformation development of the expansive soil and enhance the soil body strength of the side slope. Further, the key to longer-term treatment is to find a method and a technology for changing the intrinsic mechanism of expansion and contraction deformation of the expansive soil, namely changing the microstructure of the expansive soil.

The existing common expansive soil slope reinforcing structure comprises a flexible retaining structure considering expansion deformation and a rigid retaining structure strictly designed according to the requirements of slope stability. In the two types of supporting and retaining structures, the anchor cable is applied to certain forms. However, in the actual engineering, the expansive soil side slope slides along the surface layer in the free section of the anchor rope to form a landslide body, which indicates that the anchoring effect of the anchor rope on the deep soil body of the expansive soil side slope meets the engineering requirement. However, as mentioned above, the shallow expansive soil slope body is subject to crack development and structural damage due to interaction of rainfall and evaporation, and is difficult to avoid separation from the deep soil body under the condition of insufficient binding force of the anchor cable. In actual engineering, in order to reduce the influence of rainfall on the anchoring force of the anchor cable, drain pipes are buried more, but the drain effect is poor due to the low permeability of the expansive soil, and the expansion and shrinkage deformation development of the shallow soil body of the expansive soil slope is difficult to avoid. Therefore, it is easy to see that the anchor cable has a good supporting and reinforcing effect on the deep soil body of the expansive soil side slope, but has a working failure problem on the shallow side slope body, and the fundamental reason is that the traditional anchor cable cannot regulate and control the water environment of the shallow side slope body.

Patent document CN201510157562 discloses a slope self-drainage electroosmosis anchor rod and a construction method, belonging to the technical field of rock-soil anchoring, wherein the self-drainage electroosmosis anchor rod is composed of two electric soil engineering bags, an anchorage device, a base plate and a siphon; the hollow pipe is sleeved in the electric geotextile bag and extends to the bottom, the sleeve valve is buckled with a preformed hole on the electric geotextile bag, and the left side and the right side of the bag are bound on the hollow pipe from the outer side by plastic clamps; the slurry is solidified and anchored in the stable slope, and the front section of the electric geotextile bag is anchored on the backing plate by the anchorage device; a water sensing and controlling switch is embedded in a slope soil body, a solar cell is arranged outside the slope body, and a positive electrode, the water sensing and controlling switch, the solar cell and a negative electrode are connected in series in sequence through a lead; the water suction pipe is inserted into the hollow pipe of the cathode, the slope is connected with the water discharge pipe and the balance water outlet device through the joint bent pipe, and the water inlet of the water suction pipe and the water outlet of the balance water outlet device are the same in elevation. This patent can play drainage and anchored effect to a certain extent, but its application scope is less relatively, and the technical part is more and the technical degree of difficulty is great, and holistic technical benefit is relatively poor.

Meanwhile, the water distribution of the side slope soil body has obvious spatial characteristics, namely the water distribution of the side slope body is different at different depths of the same horizontal position of the side slope or different horizontal positions of the same depth. The spatialization of the moisture distribution causes the deformation of the soil body of the side slope to present spatial difference, and the deformation and stability control difficulty of the side slope is increased for the expansive soil sensitive to moisture. In the prior art, the regulation and control of moisture cannot fully consider the spatialization of moisture distribution and the problem of failure prevention and control of the expansive soil slope landslide caused by the spatialization.

Therefore, for the expansive soil slope with water sensitivity, a measure for specifically realizing the differential control of the water distribution space should be researched, and a novel expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system is designed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an expansive soil side slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system, and aims to solve the problems that an expansive soil side slope shallow layer body is easy to destabilize and slide on a slope and the water environment of the shallow layer body needs to be effectively controlled in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system which is characterized by comprising an anchor cable anode structure, a drainage cathode structure, a moisture monitoring structure, a stress monitoring structure, a direct current stabilized power supply, a controller and a lead; the anchor cable anode structure comprises an anode tube, a hard insulating sleeve, an anchor cable with an anchoring effect on the slope surface of the side and an anchor head, wherein the hard insulating sleeve is sleeved outside the anchor cable, the anode tube is sleeved outside the hard insulating sleeve, and the anchor head is arranged at the end part of the anchor cable on the slope surface of the side; the anode tube comprises a plurality of sections of anode branch tubes and insulating connecting tubes which are arranged among the anode branch tubes and are used for connecting and insulating the anode branch tubes, and the length direction of the anode tube is vertical to the side slope surface or forms an angle smaller than 45 degrees with the vertical direction of the side slope surface; the drainage cathode structure is tubular, a plurality of through holes for drainage are uniformly formed in the pipe wall, and the height of the end part, close to the side slope surface, of the drainage cathode structure is lower than that of the other end of the drainage cathode structure; the water monitoring structure is arranged between the anchor cable anode structure and the drainage cathode structure; a plurality of water monitoring structures with different depths from the side slope surface are correspondingly arranged at positions with different depths from the center of the anode branched pipe to the side slope surface; the stress monitoring structure is arranged on the anchor cable; each moisture monitoring structure and each stress monitoring structure are connected with the controller through a lead; each section of anode branch pipe and each section of drain cathode structure are connected with a direct current stabilized voltage power supply through a lead, the direct current stabilized voltage power supply is electrically connected with a controller, and the distance between the anchor cable anode structure and the drain cathode structure is 1-3 m; setting a drainage starting value and a landslide forecast value in advance according to the specific condition of the expansive soil slope in the controller; when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure exceeds a drainage starting value, the controller controls the direct-current voltage-stabilizing power supply to electrify and drain the anode branched pipe and the drainage cathode structure with the depth corresponding to the moisture monitoring structure, and when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure is lower than the drainage starting value, the drainage is stopped; and when the data monitored by the stress monitoring structure exceeds the landslide forecast value, the controller starts landslide disaster forecast.

In a specific embodiment, a wireless network connection structure is provided in the controller, and is used for connecting a wireless network to perform remote data transmission.

In a specific embodiment, the through hole is a circular hole, and the diameter of the circular hole is 40-60 mm; the outer side of the pipe wall of the drainage cathode structure is wrapped with non-woven gauze used as a reverse filter layer, the anode branch pipe and the drainage cathode structure are both iron pipes, and the hard insulating sleeve is a PVC sleeve.

In a specific embodiment, the length of the anode branch pipe is 5-7 m, the length of the insulating connecting pipe fitting is 2-4 cm, and the potential gradient loaded between the anode branch pipe and the drainage cathode structure is not more than 50V/m.

In a specific embodiment, the expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system further comprises a power supply device and a frame beam; the power supply device is connected with the direct current stabilized power supply and supplies power to the direct current stabilized power supply; the frame beam is arranged on the slope surface of the expansive soil side slope and used for strengthening the anchoring effect of the anchor cable.

In a specific embodiment, the power supply device is a solar photovoltaic panel.

In a specific embodiment, the stress monitoring structure is a steel bar stress meter, and the steel bar stress meter is connected in parallel with the anchor cable at the designed installation position of the anchor cable, that is, two ends of the steel bar stress meter are anchored with the anchor cable, so as to realize the cooperative stress with the anchor cable.

In a specific embodiment, at least three equidistant stress monitoring structures are arranged on each anchor cable, and are used for monitoring the stress conditions of the expansive soil slope at different depth positions.

In a specific embodiment, the anchor cable anode structure and the drainage cathode structure are distributed in a rectangular, parallelogram or quincunx shape on the side slope, and a drainage corresponding relation is arranged in the controller, namely, when the soil moisture content exceeds a drainage starting value, the anode branch pipe and the drainage cathode structure which need to be electrified and drained correspond to the moisture monitoring structure at the position where the moisture content exceeds the drainage starting value are monitored; when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure exceeds a drainage starting value, the controller controls the direct-current voltage-stabilizing power supply to electrify and drain the anode branched pipe and the drainage cathode structure corresponding to the moisture monitoring structure, and when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure is lower than the drainage starting value, the drainage is stopped.

The invention also provides a construction method of the expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system, which comprises the following specific steps:

s1: designing pay-off, finishing the slope surface to meet the requirement of a working surface before retaining construction, determining the design size, parameters and layout of a specific structure, and finishing pay-off work of a related structure;

s2: the structure is manufactured and processed, and manufacturing and assembling of the anchor cable, the stress monitoring structure, the hard insulating sleeve, the anode branch pipe, the insulating connecting pipe fitting and the lead are completed according to structural design parameters;

s3: drilling holes for installation, namely drilling each anchor cable anode structure, a drainage cathode structure hole and a moisture monitoring structure installation hole through a drilling machine according to the paying-off position, after the depth of a designed hole position is reached, putting the anchor cable anode structure into the installation hole of the anchor cable anode structure, grouting the inside of the drilled hole according to the design requirement to form an anchoring section with the designed length, putting the drainage cathode structure into the installation hole of the drainage cathode structure, backfilling and tamping the drainage cathode structure by using original expansive soil, putting each moisture monitoring structure into the moisture monitoring structure installation hole, backfilling the hole position by using the original expansive soil, and tamping the soil body to the initial compaction degree;

s4: constructing a frame beam, supporting a frame beam template according to the design size and type, and completing concrete pouring and curing;

s5: pre-stress tensioning and other parts are installed, the anchor cable structure which is installed and constructed is pre-stress tensioned through an anchor cable tensioning device to reach a designed pre-stress value, and meanwhile, the installation of a solar photovoltaic panel of a power supply device is completed;

s6: and assembling and debugging the structural system, namely, performing structural and logical connection on each structural part of the invention, and performing drainage debugging.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system not only considers the practical situations of easy instability and landslide of the expansive soil slope shallow layer, but also reinforces the anchor cable; the deep reason of instability and landslide is that the water content of the shallow layer of the expansive soil slope is too high after rainfall, and the control measures of electroosmosis drainage are timely carried out on the shallow layer of the expansive soil slope; the long-term monitoring of the service state of some major expansive soil slope projects is also considered, so that early warning and forecast of project disasters such as landslides and the like can be timely sent out.

And under the influence of rainfall, evaporation and other external climates, the stress state of the soil body of the expansive soil side slope and the soil pressure of the side slope body change, and the monitoring and analysis of relevant change process characteristics have great value in scientific research and engineering application. According to the invention, through monitoring the moisture and the stress at different depths in the expansive soil slope, data support can be provided for related scientific research and later-stage application.

Relatively speaking, the characteristics of the anchor rod are only suitable for anchoring shallow soil, but the anchor cable adopted by the invention can anchor deeper soil layers, so that for the expansive soil with insufficiently stable shallow layers, the anchor cable is adopted to anchor the shallow layers and the deep soil layers of the expansive soil side slopes, and a better anchoring effect can be obtained.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a slope in cross-section according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side slope profile of an anchor cable anode structure, a drain cathode structure, and a moisture monitoring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an anchor cable anode configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;

wherein, 1, anchor cable anode structure; 2. a drain cathode structure; 3. a moisture monitoring structure; 4. a stress monitoring structure; 5. a DC stabilized power supply; 6. a controller; 7. a power supply device; 8. a frame beam; 11. an anode tube; 12. an anchor cable; 13. an anchor head; 14. a hard insulating sleeve; 111. dividing the anode into tubes; 112. and (5) insulating the connecting pipe fitting.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.

The invention relates to an expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system, which comprises an anchor rope anode structure 1, a drainage cathode structure 2, a moisture monitoring structure 3, a stress monitoring structure 4, a direct-current stabilized power supply 5, a controller 6 and a lead, wherein the anchor rope anode structure is connected with the water drainage cathode structure through the lead; the anchor cable anode structure 1 comprises an anode tube 11, a hard insulating sleeve 14, an anchor cable 12 having an anchoring effect on the slope surface of the side and an anchor head 13, wherein the hard insulating sleeve 14 is sleeved outside the anchor cable 12, the anode tube 11 is sleeved outside the hard insulating sleeve 14, and the anchor head 13 is arranged at the end part of the anchor cable 12 on the slope surface of the side; the anode tube 11 comprises a plurality of sections of anode branched tubes 111 and insulating connecting tubes 112 which are arranged among the anode branched tubes and used for connecting and insulating the anode branched tubes, and the length direction of the anode tube 11 is vertical to the side slope surface or forms an angle smaller than 45 degrees with the vertical direction of the side slope surface; the drainage cathode structure 2 is tubular, a plurality of through holes for drainage are uniformly formed in the pipe wall, and the height of the end part, close to the side slope surface, of the drainage cathode structure 2 is lower than that of the other end of the drainage cathode structure 2; the water monitoring structure 3 is arranged between the anchor cable anode structure 1 and the drainage cathode structure 2; a plurality of water monitoring structures 3 with different depths from the slope surface are correspondingly arranged at positions with different depths from the center of the anode branched pipe 111 to the slope surface; the stress monitoring structure 4 is arranged on the anchor cable 12; each moisture monitoring structure 3 and each stress monitoring structure 4 are connected with a controller 6 through leads; each section of anode branched pipe 111 and each section of drainage cathode structure 2 are connected with a direct current stabilized voltage power supply 5 through a lead, the direct current stabilized voltage power supply 5 is electrically connected with a controller 6, and the distance between the anchor cable anode structure 1 and the drainage cathode structure 2 is 1-3 m; a drainage starting value and a landslide forecast value are set in advance in the controller 6 according to the specific condition of the expansive soil slope; when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure 3 exceeds a drainage starting value, the controller 6 controls the direct-current stabilized voltage power supply 5 to electrify and drain the anode branch pipe 111 and the drainage cathode structure 2 with the depth corresponding to the moisture monitoring structure 3, and when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure 3 is lower than the drainage starting value, the drainage is stopped; when the data monitored by the stress monitoring structure 4 exceeds the landslide forecast value, the controller 6 initiates landslide hazard forecast.

And a wireless network connection structure is arranged in the controller 6 and is used for connecting a wireless network to carry out remote data transmission.

The through hole is a round hole, and the diameter of the round hole is 40-60 mm; the outer side of the pipe wall of the drainage cathode structure 2 is wrapped with non-woven gauze used as a reverse filter layer, and the anode branched pipe 111 and the drainage cathode structure 2 are both iron pipes. The anode branch pipe in the electroosmosis process not only leads water to the drainage cathode structure to be discharged, but also can generate oxidation reaction in the electroosmosis process to generate ferrous ions and ferric ions, the ferrous ions and ferric ions are combined with hydroxyl ions and moisture in soil and oxygen generated by anode electrolysis to generate ferric hydroxide colloid, compaction is generated in expansive soil, and the cohesive force between shallow expansive soil and the anchor cable is increased. The rigid insulating sleeve 14 is a PVC sleeve.

The length of the anode branch pipe 111 is 5-7 m, the length of the insulating connecting pipe 112 is 2-4 cm, and the loaded potential gradient between the anode branch pipe 111 and the drainage cathode structure 2 is not more than 50V/m. The wall thickness of the anode branch pipe is 1 cm.

The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system further comprises a power supply device 7 and a frame beam 8; the power supply device 7 is connected with the direct-current stabilized power supply and supplies power to the direct-current stabilized power supply; the frame beam 8 is arranged on the slope surface of the expansive soil side slope and used for strengthening the anchoring effect of the anchor cable 12.

The power supply device 7 is a solar photovoltaic panel.

The stress monitoring structure 4 is a steel bar stress meter, the steel bar stress meter is connected with the anchor cable in parallel at the designed installation position of the anchor cable, namely, two ends of the steel bar stress meter are anchored with the anchor cable, and the cooperative stress of the steel bar stress meter and the anchor cable is realized.

Each anchor cable 12 is at least provided with more than three equidistant stress monitoring structures 4 for monitoring the stress conditions of different depth positions of the expansive soil slope.

The anchor cable anode structure 1 and the drainage cathode structure 2 are distributed in a rectangular, parallelogram or quincunx shape on the side slope surface, and a drainage corresponding relation is arranged in the controller 6, namely an anode branched pipe 111 and a drainage cathode structure 2 which need to be electrified and drained and correspond to the moisture monitoring structure 3 with the moisture content exceeding the drainage starting value when the moisture content of soil is monitored to exceed the drainage starting value; when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure 3 exceeds a drainage starting value, the controller 6 controls the direct-current stabilized voltage power supply 5 to electrify and drain the anode branch pipe 111 and the drainage cathode structure 2 corresponding to the moisture monitoring structure 3, and when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure 3 is lower than the drainage starting value, the drainage is stopped.

When the moisture monitoring structure 3 is correspondingly powered on the anode branch pipe 111 and the drainage cathode structure 2 in the controller 6, the anode branch pipe 111 and the drainage cathode structure 2 within a radius 3m with the moisture monitoring structure 3 as the center are preferentially set, so that a more accurate space drainage effect is obtained.

Preferably, the anchor cable anode structures 1 and the drainage cathode structures 2 are distributed in a quincunx shape on the side slope, namely six anchor cable anode structures 1 are distributed at six angular points of a regular hexagon, one drainage cathode structure 2 is arranged at the centroid of the regular hexagon, and a water monitoring structure 3 which is positioned in the quincunx shape when the soil water content exceeds a drainage starting value is arranged in the controller 6 and correspondingly powers on the six anchor cable anode structures 1 and the drainage cathode structure 2; when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure 3 exceeds a drainage starting value, the controller 6 controls the direct-current stabilized voltage power supply 5 to electrify and drain the six anode branched pipes 111 and the drainage cathode structure 2 corresponding to the moisture monitoring structure 3, and when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure 3 is lower than the drainage starting value, the drainage is stopped.

The invention also provides a construction method of the expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1: designing pay-off, finishing the slope surface to meet the requirement of a working surface before retaining construction, determining the design size, parameters and layout of a specific structure, and finishing pay-off work of a related structure;

s2: the structure is manufactured and processed, according to the structural design parameters, the anchor cable 12, the stress monitoring structure 4, the hard insulating sleeve 14, the anode branch pipe 111, the insulating connecting pipe fitting 112 and the lead are manufactured and assembled;

s3: drilling and installing, namely drilling each anchor cable anode structure 1, each drainage cathode structure 2 and each moisture monitoring structure 3 installation hole by a drilling machine according to the paying-off position, lowering the anchor cable anode structure 1 into the installation hole of the anchor cable anode structure 1 after the designed hole position depth is reached, grouting the drilled hole according to the design requirement to form an anchoring section with the designed length, lowering the drainage cathode structure 2 into the installation hole of the drainage cathode structure 2, backfilling and tamping by using original expansive soil, lowering each moisture monitoring structure 3 into the installation hole of the moisture monitoring structure 3, backfilling the hole position by using the original expansive soil, and tamping to the initial soil body compaction degree;

s4: constructing a frame beam, supporting a frame beam template according to the design size and type, and completing concrete pouring and curing;

s5: pre-stress tensioning and other parts are installed, the anchor cable structure which is installed and constructed is subjected to pre-stress tensioning through an anchor cable tensioning device to reach a designed pre-stress value, and meanwhile, the installation of the solar photovoltaic panel of the power supply device 7 is completed;

s6: and assembling and debugging the structural system, namely, performing structural and logical connection on each structural part of the invention, and performing drainage debugging.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system is characterized by comprising an anchor cable anode structure (1), a drainage cathode structure (2), a moisture monitoring structure (3), a stress monitoring structure (4), a direct current stabilized power supply (5), a controller (6) and a wire; the anchor cable anode structure (1) comprises an anode tube (11), a hard insulating sleeve (14), an anchor cable (12) having an anchoring effect on the slope surface of the edge and an anchor head (13), wherein the hard insulating sleeve (14) is sleeved outside the anchor cable (12), the anode tube (11) is sleeved outside the hard insulating sleeve (14), and the anchor head (13) is arranged at the end part of the anchor cable (12) on the slope surface of the edge; the anode tube (11) comprises a plurality of sections of anode branch tubes (111) and insulating connecting pipe fittings (112) which are arranged among the anode branch tubes and used for connecting and insulating the anode branch tubes from each other, and the length direction of the anode tube (11) is vertical to the side slope surface or forms an angle smaller than 45 degrees with the vertical direction of the side slope surface; the drainage cathode structure (2) is tubular, a plurality of through holes for drainage are uniformly formed in the pipe wall, and the height of the end part, close to the slope surface of the side, of the drainage cathode structure (2) is lower than that of the other end of the drainage cathode structure (2); the water monitoring structure (3) is arranged between the anchor cable anode structure (1) and the drainage cathode structure (2); a plurality of water monitoring structures (3) with different depths from the side slope surface are correspondingly arranged at positions with different depths from the center of the anode branched pipe (111) to the side slope surface; the stress monitoring structure (4) is arranged on the anchor cable (12); each moisture monitoring structure (3) and each stress monitoring structure (4) are connected with a controller (6) through a lead; each section of anode branch pipe (111) and each section of drainage cathode structure (2) are connected with a direct current stabilized power supply (5) through a lead, the direct current stabilized power supply (5) is electrically connected with a controller (6), and the distance between the anchor cable anode structure (1) and the drainage cathode structure (2) is 1-3 m; a drainage starting value and a landslide forecast value are set in advance in the controller (6) according to the specific situation of the expansive soil slope; when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure (3) exceeds a drainage starting value, the controller (6) controls the direct-current stabilized voltage power supply (5) to electrify and drain the anode branch pipe (111) and the drainage cathode structure (2) with the depth corresponding to the moisture monitoring structure (3), and when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure (3) is lower than the drainage starting value, the drainage is stopped; and when the data monitored by the stress monitoring structure (4) exceed the landslide forecast value, the controller (6) starts landslide disaster forecast.

2. The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a wireless network connection structure is arranged in the controller (6) and is used for connecting a wireless network for remote data transmission.

3. The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the through hole is a circular hole, and the diameter of the circular hole is 40-60 mm; the outer side of the pipe wall of the drainage cathode structure (2) is wrapped with non-woven gauze used as a reverse filter layer, the anode branched pipe (111) and the drainage cathode structure (2) are both iron pipes, and the hard insulating sleeve (14) is a PVC sleeve.

4. The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the anode branched pipe (111) is 5-7 m, the length of the insulating connecting pipe fitting (112) is 2-4 cm, and the loaded potential gradient between the anode branched pipe (111) and the drainage cathode structure (2) is not more than 50V/m.

5. The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a power supply device (7) and a frame beam (8); the power supply device (7) is connected with the direct-current stabilized power supply and supplies power to the direct-current stabilized power supply; the frame beam (8) is arranged on the slope surface of the expansive soil side slope and used for strengthening the anchoring effect of the anchor cable (12).

6. The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system according to claim 5, wherein the power supply device (7) is a solar photovoltaic panel.

7. The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stress monitoring structure (4) is a steel bar stress meter, and the steel bar stress meter is connected in parallel with the anchor cable at the designed installation position of the anchor cable, namely, two ends of the steel bar stress meter are anchored with the anchor cable, so as to realize the cooperative stress with the anchor cable.

8. The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each anchor cable (12) is provided with at least three equidistant stress monitoring structures (4) for monitoring stress conditions at different depth positions of the expansive soil slope.

9. The expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anchor cable anode structure (1) and the drainage cathode structure (2) are distributed in a rectangular, parallelogram or quincunx shape on the side slope surface, and a drainage corresponding relation is arranged in the controller (6), namely an anode branch pipe (111) and the drainage cathode structure (2) which need to be electrified and drained and correspond to the moisture monitoring structure (3) with a moisture content exceeding a drainage starting value when the moisture content of soil is monitored to exceed the drainage starting value; when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure (3) exceeds a drainage starting value, the controller (6) controls the direct-current stabilized voltage power supply (5) to conduct electrifying drainage on the anode branch pipe (111) and the drainage cathode structure (2) corresponding to the moisture monitoring structure (3), and when the soil moisture content monitored by the moisture monitoring structure (3) is lower than the drainage starting value, drainage is stopped.

10. A construction method of an expansive soil slope shallow layer reinforcement and service state monitoring and early warning integrated structure system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1: designing pay-off, finishing the slope surface to meet the requirement of a working surface before retaining construction, determining the design size, parameters and layout of a specific structure, and finishing pay-off work of a related structure;

s2: the method comprises the following steps of structure manufacturing, namely manufacturing and assembling an anchor cable (12), a stress monitoring structure (4), a hard insulating sleeve (14), an anode branch pipe (111), an insulating connecting pipe fitting (112) and a lead according to structural design parameters;

s3: drilling and installing, namely drilling each anchor cable anode structure (1), each drainage cathode structure (2) hole and each moisture monitoring structure (3) installing hole through a drilling machine according to the paying-off position, after the designed hole site depth is reached, putting the anchor cable anode structure (1) into the installing hole of the anchor cable anode structure (1), grouting the drilled holes according to the design requirement to form an anchoring section with the designed length, putting the drainage cathode structure (2) into the installing hole of the drainage cathode structure (2), backfilling and tamping the drainage cathode structure with original expansive soil, putting each moisture monitoring structure (3) into the installing hole of the moisture monitoring structure (3), backfilling the hole site with the original expansive soil, and tamping the drainage cathode structure, the drainage cathode structure and the moisture monitoring structures to the initial soil body compaction degree;

s4: constructing a frame beam, supporting a frame beam template according to the design size and type, and completing concrete pouring and curing;

s5: pre-stress tensioning and other parts are installed, the anchor cable structure which is installed and constructed is pre-stress tensioned through an anchor cable tensioning device to reach a designed pre-stress value, and meanwhile, the solar photovoltaic panel installation of the power supply device (7) is completed;

s6: and assembling and debugging the structural system, namely, performing structural and logical connection on each structural part of the invention, and performing drainage debugging.

Images