CN111793273A - 一种耐刮擦改性pp材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐刮擦改性PP材料,包括以下重量份的组分:PP树脂65‑85份、增韧剂5‑20份、抗氧剂0.1‑3份、相容剂0.5‑5份、耐刮擦剂2‑4份、滑石粉5‑20份、色母粒0‑4份;其中,PP树脂为均聚PP、共聚PP中的一种或两种的混合物,均聚PP和共聚PP在230℃、2.16Kg的测试条件下熔融指数为20‑25g/10min,且均聚PP和共聚PP的结晶度均大于60%;耐刮擦剂为聚硅氧烷类物质。该耐刮擦改性PP材料具有更好的耐刮擦性能、低气味性,综合性能好,且生产工艺简单,成本较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种耐刮擦改性PP材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来我国汽车产业发展迅速,为了保证汽车的安全性、美观、减少能耗,汽车用塑料部件越来越多,其中用量最大的为PP、ABS、PA等材料。PP材料不仅质量轻、价格相对低廉,并且还具有良好的耐化学腐蚀性、耐热性,及均衡的机械力学性能和优良的可加工性等优点,但也存在收缩率大、尺寸稳定性差、低温韧性差、抗热光老性差等缺陷。通过将PP材料与增韧剂、填料、抗老化剂等共混改性后,可以满足汽车使用的要求,一般车用塑料中改性PP材料占比超过30%。
在PP材料中加入增韧剂、填料后,表面硬度和耐磨性都会降低,制成的门内板、仪表板和操作台等产品不耐刮擦和划伤,影响车内饰的美观,在一定程度上限制了其应用。为了解决这类问题,塑料和汽车工业都在寻找PP材料的耐刮擦性能的解决方案。现有技术中,提高改性PP材料耐刮擦性的主要方法是添加耐刮擦剂,通过耐刮擦剂在塑料表面的迁移形成保护膜,从而降低摩擦系数、提高耐刮擦性能,但耐刮擦剂本身的特性导致PP材料中可挥发有机物含量过高,不能满足汽车内饰件对气味等性能的要求,同时单独使用耐刮擦剂一般成本较高。
因此,亟需研发出一种改性PP材料,能够有效解决其耐刮擦和气味散发问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述背景技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种耐刮擦、低气味性,
综合性能好的改性PP材料;此外,本发明还提供一种耐刮擦改性PP材料的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种耐刮擦改性PP材料,包括以下重量份的组分:PP树脂65-85份、增韧剂5-20份、抗氧剂0.1-3份、相容剂0.5-5份、耐刮擦剂2-4份、滑石粉5-20份、色母粒0-4份;其中,所述PP树脂为均聚PP、共聚PP中的一种或两种的混合物,所述均聚PP和所述共聚PP在230℃、2.16Kg的测试条件下熔融指数为20-25g/10min,且所述均聚PP和所述共聚PP的结晶度均大于60%;所述耐刮擦剂为聚硅氧烷类物质,聚硅氧烷类物质为双官能团的梳型结构,塑料挤出的过程中,由于高温诱发其与PP材料表面的活性基团(如羟基)交联,其交联后成为塑料的一部分,不会再迁移到表面,充分发挥出聚硅氧烷的耐磨特性。
进一步地,包括以下重量份的组分:PP树脂70-80份、增韧剂5-10份、抗氧剂0.1-1.5份、相容剂3-5份、耐刮擦剂3-4份、滑石粉9-15份、色母粒1-3份。
进一步地,所述滑石粉需要预先进行表面改性处理,具体步骤如下:将目数为3000-5000的滑石粉在60-70℃下烘干,将烘干后的滑石粉加入到搅拌装置中,然后边搅拌边向滑石粉中缓慢加入超分散剂,控制超分散剂与滑石粉的质量比为(1-1.2):1,超分散剂加入完毕后,继续搅拌混合10-15min即可。使用目数较高的滑石粉,在PP中可以承担异相成核剂的作用,这种结晶形态的改变,减少了滑石粉对PP材料表面的划痕深度和应力发白现象的产生,从而提高了PP材料的表面耐刮擦性能,超分散剂是一类聚合型高分子类助剂,具有多点的锚固基团,并具备气味吸附功能,经过超分散剂处理后的滑石粉耐刮擦性能突出,且能够有效的吸附改性PP材料散发出的气味。超分散剂优选为聚丙烯酸酯共聚物超分散剂。
进一步地,所述色母粒的粒径为10-20nm。采用较小粒径的色母粒,比表面积得到提高,对滑石粉的覆盖能力都得到提升,因此划伤导致皮纹破损后,外露的滑石粉刮痕处的亮度值L也会相对较低,使得刮痕处的亮度变化值△L逐渐下降,提高耐划伤效果。
进一步地,所述增韧剂为线形乙烯-辛烯共聚物。其中,抗氧剂包括主抗氧剂和辅抗氧剂,主抗氧剂选用受阻酚或硫酯类抗氧剂,如抗氧剂3114、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DSTP中的一种或几种混合物;辅抗氧剂选用亚磷酸盐或亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂,如抗氧剂618、抗氧剂168中的一种或两种混合物。相容剂为CMG5001,相容剂的加入提高了PP材料与矿物填料以及各种助剂之间的结合力,达到了分子级别的相容,减小了界面变形初期产生的龟裂,使材料的耐划伤性能提高,且相容剂CMG5001是马来酸酐接枝的产品,但是相容剂CMG5001中过量的马来酸酐被完全反应掉了,该相容剂的选用既提升了PP材料的耐刮擦性,又几乎不影响气味。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种上述耐刮擦改性PP材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按配比将PP树脂、增韧剂、抗氧剂、相容剂、耐刮擦剂、滑石粉、色母粒在高速搅拌机中混合30-40min,即得混合粉体;
S2、将步骤S1中得到的混合粉体加入到双螺杆挤出机中,经过熔融挤出、造粒,即得耐刮擦改性PP材料。
进一步地,所述双螺杆挤出机挤出工作温度一区为190-210℃,二区为200-220℃,三区为210-230℃,四区为210-220℃,整个挤出过程停留时间1-2分钟,压力为12-18Mpa。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明中选用结晶度较高的PP树脂作为原料,由短分子链形成的聚丙烯球晶抵抗变形的能力更强,因此耐划伤性能更好,有效成分为聚硅氧烷类物质的耐刮擦剂具有双官能团的梳型结构,塑料挤出的过程中,高温诱发其与塑料表面的活性基团交联,交联后成为塑料的一部分,不会再迁移到表面,充分发挥出聚硅氧烷的耐磨特性;使用目数较高的滑石粉,在PP中可以承担异相成核剂的作用,这种结晶形态的改变,减少了滑石粉对PP材料表面的划痕深度和应力发白现象的产生,从而提高了PP材料的表面耐刮擦性能,超分散剂是一类聚合型高分子类助剂,具有多点的锚固基团,并具备气味吸附功能,经过超分散剂处理后的滑石粉耐刮擦性能突出,且能够有效的吸附改性PP材料散发出的气味;采用较小粒径的色母粒,比表面积得到提高,对滑石粉的覆盖能力都得到提升,因此划伤导致皮纹破损后,外露的滑石粉L值也会相对较低,使得ΔL值逐渐下降,提高耐划伤效果;相容剂的加入提高了PP材料与矿物填料以及各种助剂之间的结合力,达到了分子级别的相容,减小了界面变形初期产生的龟裂,使材料的耐划伤性能提高,且相容剂CMG5001是马来酸酐接枝的产品,但是相容剂CMG5001中过量的马来酸酐被完全反应掉了,该相容剂的选用既提升了PP材料的耐刮擦性,又几乎不影响气味。
本发明中制备得到的耐刮擦改性PP材料应用于汽车内饰材料中,使得汽车内饰制品具有更好的耐刮擦性能、低气味性,综合性能好,且生产工艺简单,成本较低。
具体实施方式
本发明中的滑石粉需要预先进行表面改性处理,具体步骤如下:
将目数为3000-5000的滑石粉在60-70℃下烘干,将烘干后的滑石粉加入到搅拌装置中,然后边搅拌边向滑石粉中缓慢加入超分散剂,控制超分散剂与滑石粉的质量比为(1-1.2):1,超分散剂加入完毕后,继续搅拌混合10-15min即可。超分散剂为聚丙烯酸酯共聚物超分散剂。
本发明中PP树脂为均聚PP、共聚PP中的一种或两种的混合物,均聚PP和共聚PP在230℃、2.16Kg的测试条件下熔融指数为20-25g/10min,且均聚PP和所述共聚PP的结晶度均大于60%;耐刮擦剂为聚硅氧烷类物质;色母粒的粒径为10-20nm;增韧剂为线形乙烯-辛烯共聚物;抗氧剂包括主抗氧剂和辅抗氧剂,主抗氧剂选用受阻酚或硫酯类抗氧剂,如抗氧剂3114、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DSTP中的一种或几种混合物;辅抗氧剂选用亚磷酸盐或亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂,如抗氧剂618、抗氧剂168中的一种或两种混合物;相容剂为CMG5001。
实施例1
一种耐刮擦改性PP材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将PP树脂65份、增韧剂20份、抗氧剂3份、相容剂4份、耐刮擦剂3.5份、滑石粉20份、色母粒4份在高速搅拌机中混合30-40min,即得混合粉体;
S2、将步骤S1中得到的混合粉体加入到双螺杆挤出机中,经过熔融挤出、造粒,即得耐刮擦改性PP材料。
其中,双螺杆挤出机挤出工作温度一区为190-210℃,二区为200-220℃,三区为210-230℃,四区为210-220℃,整个挤出过程停留时间1-2分钟,压力为12-18Mpa。
实施例2
一种耐刮擦改性PP材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将PP树脂85份、增韧剂5份、抗氧剂0.1份、相容剂0.5份、耐刮擦剂2份、滑石粉5份、色母粒1份在高速搅拌机中混合30-40min,即得混合粉体;
S2、将步骤S1中得到的混合粉体加入到双螺杆挤出机中,经过熔融挤出、造粒,即得耐刮擦改性PP材料。
其中,双螺杆挤出机挤出工作温度一区为190-210℃,二区为200-220℃,三区为210-230℃,四区为210-220℃,整个挤出过程停留时间1-2分钟,压力为12-18Mpa。
实施例3
一种耐刮擦改性PP材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将PP树脂70份、增韧剂10份、抗氧剂1.5份、相容剂4份、耐刮擦剂3份、滑石粉15份、色母粒3份在高速搅拌机中混合30-40min,即得混合粉体;
S2、将步骤S1中得到的混合粉体加入到双螺杆挤出机中,经过熔融挤出、造粒,即得耐刮擦改性PP材料。
其中,双螺杆挤出机挤出工作温度一区为190-210℃,二区为200-220℃,三区为210-230℃,四区为210-220℃,整个挤出过程停留时间1-2分钟,压力为12-18Mpa。
实施例4
一种耐刮擦改性PP材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将PP树脂80份、增韧剂8份、抗氧剂0.5份、相容剂3份、耐刮擦剂4份、滑石粉9份、色母粒1.2份在高速搅拌机中混合30-40min,即得混合粉体;
S2、将步骤S1中得到的混合粉体加入到双螺杆挤出机中,经过熔融挤出、造粒,即得耐刮擦改性PP材料。
其中,双螺杆挤出机挤出工作温度一区为190-210℃,二区为200-220℃,三区为210-230℃,四区为210-220℃,整个挤出过程停留时间1-2分钟,压力为12-18Mpa。
实验例1
将上述实施例3中制备得到的耐刮擦改性PP粒子在90-100℃的鼓风烘干箱中进行干燥,再将干燥好的粒子在注射成型机上进行注射成型制成板状样品1,然后分别对其进行耐刮擦测试和气味测试。
其中,耐刮擦测试参照大众PV3952耐刮擦标准测试,试验在(23±5)℃下进行。板状样品1尺寸至少是(40×40×2)mm。
检验参数如下:支撑力:F=5N或F=10N(适用于油漆构件);刮划速度:V=1000mm/min;网格间距:2mm;刮划刃:采用五指刮擦磨耗仪对板状样品1进行划格刮伤实验,然后用色差仪测试刮痕处的亮度变化值△L,用来判定划痕的严重程度,△L值越小表明材料的划痕越轻,耐刮擦性能越好。经过测试,板状样品1的△L值为1.31,说明本发明中制备得到的产品具有优异的耐刮擦性能。
气味测试按照大众PV3900标准测试,实验步骤如下,将样品1在80℃密封容器中放置2h后,打开容器对其进行气味评价,经过测试B3等于3.5,总碳PV3341测试值11.7ug/g,表明本发明中制备得到的产品具有低气味性。
以上应用了具体个例对本发明进行阐述,只是用于帮助理解本发明,并不用以限制本发明。对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员,依据本发明的思想,还可以做出若干简单推演、变形或替换。
Claims (7)
1.一种耐刮擦改性PP材料,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的组分:PP树脂65-85份、增韧剂5-20份、抗氧剂0.1-3份、相容剂0.5-5份、耐刮擦剂2-4份、滑石粉5-20份、色母粒0-4份;其中,所述PP树脂为均聚PP、共聚PP中的一种或两种的混合物,所述均聚PP和所述共聚PP在230℃、2.16Kg的测试条件下熔融指数为20-25g/10min,且所述均聚PP和所述共聚PP的结晶度均大于60%;所述耐刮擦剂为聚硅氧烷类物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐刮擦改性PP材料,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的组分:PP树脂70-80份、增韧剂5-10份、抗氧剂0.1-1.5份、相容剂3-5份、耐刮擦剂3-4份、滑石粉9-15份、色母粒1-3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐刮擦改性PP材料,其特征在于,所述滑石粉需要预先进行表面改性处理,具体步骤如下:将目数为3000-5000的滑石粉在60-70℃下烘干,将烘干后的滑石粉加入到搅拌装置中,然后边搅拌边向滑石粉中缓慢加入超分散剂,控制超分散剂与滑石粉的质量比为(1-1.2):1,超分散剂加入完毕后,继续搅拌混合10-15min即可。
4.根据权利要求3所述的耐刮擦改性PP材料,其特征在于,所述色母粒的粒径为10-20nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐刮擦改性PP材料,其特征在于,所述增韧剂为线形乙烯-辛烯共聚物。
6.一种如权利要求1至5任一项所述的耐刮擦改性PP材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、按配比将PP树脂、增韧剂、抗氧剂、相容剂、耐刮擦剂、滑石粉、色母粒在高速搅拌机中混合30-40min,即得混合粉体;
S2、将步骤S1中得到的混合粉体加入到双螺杆挤出机中,经过熔融挤出、造粒,即得耐刮擦改性PP材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的耐刮擦改性PP材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述双螺杆挤出机挤出工作温度一区为190-210℃,二区为200-220℃,三区为210-230℃,四区为210-220℃,整个挤出过程停留时间1-2分钟,压力为12-18Mpa。
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