CN111791345A - Special space artificial solid waste hot melting compression device and use method thereof - Google Patents
Special space artificial solid waste hot melting compression device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111791345A CN111791345A CN202010717139.3A CN202010717139A CN111791345A CN 111791345 A CN111791345 A CN 111791345A CN 202010717139 A CN202010717139 A CN 202010717139A CN 111791345 A CN111791345 A CN 111791345A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
- B28B3/24—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded by reciprocating plunger
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a man-caused solid waste hot melting compression device in a specific space and a using method thereof, wherein the device comprises a compression chamber, a telescopic device mounting seat, a compression device, a water-gas treatment device, a heating device, a control device and a power device; the compression chamber is arranged at the top of the telescopic device mounting seat, a cover plate is arranged at the top of the compression chamber, and an air outlet is formed in the cover plate; the heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the compression chamber; the side wall of the bottom of the compression chamber is provided with an air inlet, the air inlet and the air outlet are connected with the water-air treatment device through pipelines, the compression device comprises a piston and a telescopic device, the piston is arranged at the top of the telescopic device, and the piston is arranged at the bottom of the compression chamber; the power device is connected with the telescopic device and drives the telescopic device to stretch; the control device is connected with the power device and the heating device. The invention has simple structure and convenient operation, can heat and compress solid wastes to reduce the volume and is convenient for storage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to a special space artificial solid waste hot melting compression device and a use method thereof.
Background
Solid waste hot melt compression devices were a waste management technology originally developed by the united states space agency exploring life support projects for human space exploration from low earth orbit to mars and the like. Currently, no waste management practice is practiced in a space environment, except that the waste is manually compressed into plastic bags and then sealed with tape. Current practice does not recover critical resources, such as water, does not prevent the growth of potentially harmful microbial pathogens, and provides limited volume reduction.
The first generation of Hot Melt Compactors (HMCs), referred to as generation 1, was developed by the american aerospace office eis research center (ARC) for years to demonstrate the ability to compress waste, dry the recovered water, and melt the plastic encapsulation of the compressed waste. The waste tiles produced represent a reduction of about 90% in the volume of the initial waste loaded into the HMC.
At present, the technology is not researched at home, solid wastes in domestic submarines and space stations occupy larger and larger space along with the running time, and a solid waste treatment device and a method for treating the solid wastes are urgently needed to reduce the occupation rate of a solid waste composition and the solid waste treatment device to limited space.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the artificial solid waste hot melting compression device in the specific space, which has a simple structure and is convenient to operate, can heat and compress solid waste to reduce the volume and is convenient to store, and the use method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a hot melting and compressing device for artificial solid wastes in a specific space comprises a compression chamber, a telescopic device mounting seat, a compressing device, a water-gas treatment device, a heating device, a control device and a power device; the compression chamber is arranged at the top of the telescopic device mounting seat, a cover plate is arranged at the top of the compression chamber, and an air outlet is formed in the cover plate; the heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the compression chamber; the side wall of the bottom of the compression chamber is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet are connected with a water-air treatment device through pipelines; the compression device comprises a piston and a telescopic device, the piston is arranged at the top of the telescopic device and is arranged at the bottom of the compression chamber, and the initial position of the piston is positioned below the air inlet; the power device is connected with the telescopic device and drives the telescopic device to stretch; the control device is connected with the power device and the heating device.
In the artificial solid waste hot melting compression device for the specific space, the compression chamber and the expansion device mounting seat are both tubular structures; the telescopic device adopts a screw rod lifter, the bottom of a mounting seat of the telescopic device is provided with an air outlet II, and the air outlet II is used for being connected with a water-gas treatment device; the power device adopts a motor, an engine or an electric motor; and the top surface of the piston is provided with a compression plate.
In the special space man-made waste heat melting compression device, a gap is reserved between the heating device and the side wall of the compression chamber, the top of the side wall of the compression chamber is provided with a plurality of air outlets and a plurality of air inlets, and the air outlets and the air inlets are respectively communicated with the gap between the heating device and the side wall of the compression chamber.
In the artificial solid waste hot melting and compressing device for the specific space, the bottom of the cover plate and the top of the piston are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, and the two temperature sensors are respectively connected with the control device.
The use method of the special space artificial solid waste hot melting compression device comprises the following steps:
(1) opening a cover plate at the top of the compression chamber, and filling the waste into the compression chamber;
(2) closing and fixing the cover plate;
(3) pumping pre-preheated air by using a vacuum pump of the water-gas treatment device, introducing the air into the compression chamber from an air inlet at the bottom of the compression chamber, discharging air from an air outlet on a cover plate at the top of the compression chamber, flushing waste and pumping water vapor in the waste;
(4) stopping feeding the preheated air into the compression chamber, and pushing the piston to compress the waste by the telescopic device;
(5) starting a heating device to heat the compression chamber and the waste, and simultaneously extracting a water-vapor mixture from an air outlet of a cover plate at the top of the compression chamber by using a water-gas treatment device;
(6) closing the water-gas treatment device, and pushing the piston to gradually compress the waste to a ceramic tile state by the telescopic device;
(7) closing the heating device, enabling the piston to retreat to the initial position, introducing cold air from an air inlet at the bottom of the compression chamber, and discharging the cold air from an air outlet of a cover plate at the top of the compression chamber to cool the interior of the compression chamber;
(9) and opening the cover plate, pushing the ceramic tile to ascend by the aid of the telescopic device, taking down the ceramic tile compressed by the waste, driving the piston to descend to an original position by the aid of the telescopic device, and waiting for next waste treatment.
In the using method of the artificial solid waste hot melting compression device for the specific space, in the step 3), the temperature of the preheated air is 40-70 ℃.
In the use method of the artificial solid waste hot melting compression device in the specific space, in the step 4), the distance in the height direction of the pushing piston is 100 mm.
In the method for using the artificial solid waste hot melting compression device in the specific space, in the step 5), the waste is heated to 140-190 ℃; and (3) cooling the expansion device mounting seat by introducing cold air from an air inlet at the bottom of the compression chamber while heating the waste, discharging the cooled air from an air outlet II at the bottom of the expansion device mounting seat, and connecting the cooled air into the water-air treatment device.
In the using method of the artificial solid waste hot melting compression device for the specific space, in the step 7), the time for introducing cold air into the compression chamber is not shorter than 5 hours; and cold air is introduced into the compression chamber, the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are connected with the water-air treatment device, and the cold air is introduced into a gap between the heating device and the side wall of the compression chamber through the air inlet hole to cool the compression chamber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the artificial solid waste hot melting compression device for the specific space has a simple structure and is convenient to operate, a heating device on the outer wall of the compression chamber is used for heating and melting a solid waste mixture in the compression chamber, the compression device is used for compressing the solid waste mixture in the compression chamber, and an air outlet on the cover plate is connected with a water-air treatment device and is used for treating waste gas generated by hot melting and compression of the solid waste mixture; the invention has convenient operation, can heat and compress the living mixed waste in specific spaces such as space stations, submarines and the like, and reduces the volume so as to be convenient for storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the space-specific man-made solid waste hot melt compression device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the space-specific permanent-heating and waste-solidifying hot melt compression device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of fig. 1.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the air flow when the present invention flushes the waste in the compression chamber.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the air flow when compressing the waste in the compression chamber according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the man-caused solid waste hot melting compression device for a specific space of the invention comprises a compression chamber 1, a telescopic device mounting seat 3, a compression device, a water-gas treatment device 8, a heating device 9, a control device and a power device 5; the top of the compression chamber 1 is provided with a cover plate 2, the bottom surface of the cover plate 2 is provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is connected with a control device to detect the temperature of the waste. An air outlet 21 is arranged on the cover plate 2, and a ball valve is arranged at the air outlet 21. The compression chamber 1 is arranged at the top of the expansion device mounting seat 3, the compression chamber 1 and the expansion device mounting seat 3 are coaxial, the sections of the compression chamber 1 and the expansion device mounting seat 3 are square, and the volume of the compression chamber 1 is not less than 20cm multiplied by 22.5 cm. In order to make the inner cavity surface of the compression chamber 1 not stick to the solid waste hot melting products (containing plastics such as polyethylene), the inner wall of the compression chamber 1 is sprayed with a high temperature resistant non-stick coating. The outer walls of the heating device 9 and the telescopic device mounting seat 3 are coated by heat-insulating materials, and the external temperature is not more than 40 ℃.
The heating device 9 is arranged on the outer wall of the compression chamber; a gap is left between the heating means 9 and the side wall of the compression chamber 1. Used for heating the solid waste mixture in the compression chamber. The heating temperature range of the heating device 9 is room temperature to 250 ℃, the precision is 0.1 ℃, and the heating rate (1-10 ℃/min) and the heating interval can be controlled. Heating device 9 be the square tubular structure that is formed by connecting 4 hot plates, the heating plate size is: 200X 100X 15, the power of the heating device 9 is 4.8KW, the single heating plate is 1.2KW, and the weight is 45.8 KG. For the protection hot plate, temperature-detecting device all arranges to every hot plate, prevents the overtemperature, and the fluting is arranged, and the hot plate is fixed with the screw rod. As shown in fig. 3-5, the top of the side wall of the compression chamber is provided with a plurality of air outlet holes 12 and a plurality of air inlet holes 13, and the air outlet holes 12 and the air inlet holes 13 are respectively communicated with the gaps between the heating device 9 and the side wall of the compression chamber 1. The bottom of the compression chamber 1 is provided with an air inlet 11 for air to enter waste to preheat or cool the compressed waste. The bottom of the telescopic device mounting seat 3 is provided with an air outlet II 31 for discharging air, and the air inlet 11, the air outlet and the air outlet II 31 are connected with the water-air treatment device 8.
The compression device comprises a compression plate 7 and a screw rod lifter 4, and the screw rod lifter 4 is vertically arranged in the telescopic device mounting base 3. The top end of the lifting screw of the screw rod lifter 4 is hinged with a piston 6, and the lifting screw rod can rotate relative to the piston 6. The piston 6 is arranged in the compression chamber 1, the initial position is positioned below the air inlet 11, and three sealing rings are arranged between the piston 6 and the compression chamber 1 for sealing. And a compression plate 7 is fixedly arranged at the top of the piston 6. The screw rod lifter 4 can be replaced by a hydraulic cylinder, and the power device adopts a hydraulic pump. The driving force of the piston 6 can be adjusted, and the maximum value is not less than 9.8 kN; the moving distance of the piston can be measured, the range is 0.05 cm-20 cm, and the precision is not lower than 0.5 mm. The top surface of the piston 6 is provided with a temperature sensor which is connected with a control device.
The power device 5 is an electric motor, and can also be a motor or an engine. The power device 5 is installed on the side wall of the telescopic device installation seat 3, an output shaft of the power device 5 is connected with a power input shaft of the screw rod lifter 4 through a coupler, the power device 5 drives a lifting screw rod of the screw rod lifter 4 to rotate, the lifting of the piston 6 in the compression chamber 1 is realized, and then the compression of a solid-waste mixture in the compression chamber 1 is realized. The cover plate 2 is provided with four air outlets 21. The four cold air inlets 22 are used for feeding cold air into the compression chamber 1 and cooling the compressed solid waste mixture. The control device is connected with the power device 5 and the heating device 9.
The leakage detection pressure of the man-made solid waste hot melting compression device for the specific space is 10kPa, the temperature range is 20-200 ℃ during working, the pressure is 10 kPa-101 kPa, and the working time of the device is not more than 10 hours for 1 time.
The invention relates to a using method of a special space artificial solid waste hot melting compression device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly idling, and evaluating whether the preheating, temperature rising and temperature lowering of the device can meet the requirements or not; if no abnormity exists, the cover plate 2 at the top of the compression chamber is opened, and the waste is loaded into the compression chamber 1;
(2) the cover plate 2 is closed and fixed;
(3) pumping pre-heated air by using a vacuum pump of the water-gas treatment device 8, wherein the temperature of the pre-heated air is 40-70 ℃; the waste enters the compression chamber 1 from the air inlet 11 at the bottom of the compression chamber 1, and is exhausted from the air outlet 21 on the cover plate 2 at the top of the compression chamber 1, so that the waste is washed and water vapor in the waste is extracted;
(4) stopping feeding the preheated air into the compression chamber 1, and pushing the piston 6 to compress the waste by the screw rod lifter 4; the distance in the height direction of the push piston 6 is 100 mm;
(5) heating the waste in the compression chamber 1 by a heating device 9 to 140-190 ℃; simultaneously, a water-gas treatment device 8 is used for extracting a water-vapor mixture from an air outlet 21 of a cover plate 2 at the top of the compression chamber, cold air is introduced from an air inlet 11 at the bottom of the compression chamber 1 to cool the expansion device mounting seat, and the cooled gas is discharged from an air outlet II 31 at the bottom of the expansion device mounting seat and is connected into the water-gas treatment device 8;
(6) closing the water-gas treatment device 8, and pushing the piston 6 by the screw rod lifter 4 to gradually compress the waste to a ceramic tile state;
(7) the heating device 9 is closed, the piston 6 is retracted to the initial position, cold air is introduced from the air inlet 11 at the bottom of the compression chamber 1 and is discharged from the air outlet 21 of the cover plate 2 at the top of the compression chamber 1, and the interior of the compression chamber 1 is cooled; meanwhile, the air inlet 13 and the air outlet 12 are connected with the water-air treatment device 8, and cold air is introduced into a gap between the heating device 9 and the side wall of the compression chamber 1 through the air inlet 13 to cool the compression chamber 1;
(9) and opening the cover plate 2, pushing the piston 6 and the ceramic tiles to continuously rise by the screw rod lifter 4, taking down the ceramic tiles compressed by the wastes, and then driving the piston 6 to descend to the original position by the screw rod lifter 4 to wait for executing the next waste treatment.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a specific space people is because of useless hot melt compressor arrangement admittedly which characterized by: comprises a compression chamber, a telescopic device mounting seat, a compression device, a water-gas treatment device, a heating device, a control device and a power device; the compression chamber is arranged at the top of the telescopic device mounting seat, a cover plate is arranged at the top of the compression chamber, and an air outlet is formed in the cover plate; the heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the compression chamber; the side wall of the bottom of the compression chamber is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet are connected with a water-air treatment device through pipelines; the compression device comprises a piston and a telescopic device, the piston is arranged at the top of the telescopic device, the telescopic device is arranged at the bottom of the compression chamber, and the initial position of the piston is positioned below the air inlet; the power device is arranged outside and connected with the telescopic device to drive the telescopic device to stretch; the control device is connected with the power device and the heating device.
2. The special space artificial solid waste hot melting and compressing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compression chamber and the telescopic device mounting seat are both tubular structures; the telescopic device adopts a screw rod lifter, the bottom of a mounting seat of the telescopic device is provided with an air outlet II, and the air outlet II is used for being connected with a water-gas treatment device; the power device adopts a motor, an engine or an electric motor; and the top surface of the piston is provided with a compression plate.
3. The special space artificial solid waste hot melting and compressing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a gap is reserved between the heating device and the side wall of the compression chamber, a plurality of air outlets and a plurality of air inlets are formed in the top of the side wall of the compression chamber, and the air outlets and the air inlets are respectively communicated with the gap between the heating device and the side wall of the compression chamber.
4. The special space artificial solid waste hot melting and compressing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the cover plate and the top of the piston are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, and the two temperature sensors are respectively connected with a control device.
5. The use method of the special space human-induced solid waste hot melting compression device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps:
(1) opening a cover plate at the top of the compression chamber, and filling the waste into the compression chamber;
(2) the cover plate is closed and fixed, and the four valves of the top cover are switched to ensure that the valves are in an open state;
(3) the air preheated in advance is extracted by using a vacuum pump of the water-air treatment device without temperature rise and compression, enters the compression chamber from an air inlet at the bottom of the compression chamber, is exhausted from an air outlet on a cover plate at the top of the compression chamber, washes the waste and extracts water vapor in the waste;
(4) stopping feeding the preheated air into the compression chamber, and pushing the piston to compress the waste by the telescopic device;
(5) starting a heating device to heat the compression chamber and the waste, and simultaneously extracting a water-vapor mixture from an air outlet of a cover plate at the top of the compression chamber by using a water-gas treatment device;
(6) closing the water-gas treatment device, and pushing the piston to gradually compress the waste to a ceramic tile state by the telescopic device;
(7) closing the heating device, enabling the piston to retreat to the initial position, introducing cold air from an air inlet at the bottom of the compression chamber, and discharging the cold air from an air outlet of a cover plate at the top of the compression chamber to cool the interior of the compression chamber;
(9) and opening the cover plate, pushing the ceramic tile to ascend by the aid of the telescopic device, taking down the ceramic tile compressed by the waste, driving the piston to descend to an original position by the aid of the telescopic device, and waiting for next waste treatment.
6. The method for using the man-made solid waste hot melting compression device for the special space as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 3), the temperature of the preheated air is 40-70 ℃.
7. The use method of the special space human-induced solid waste hot melting compression device according to claim 5, wherein in the step 4), the distance in the height direction of the pushing piston is 100 mm.
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step 5), the waste is heated to 190 ℃ and 140 ℃; and (3) cooling the expansion device mounting seat by introducing cold air from an air inlet at the bottom of the compression chamber while heating the waste, discharging the cooled air from an air outlet II at the bottom of the expansion device mounting seat, and connecting the cooled air into the water-air treatment device.
9. The use method of the artificial solid waste hot melting and compressing device for the special space as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 7), the time for introducing cold air into the compressing chamber is not shorter than 1 h; and cold air is introduced into the compression chamber, the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are connected with the water-air treatment device, and the cold air is introduced into a gap between the heating device and the side wall of the compression chamber through the air inlet hole to cool the compression chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010717139.3A CN111791345A (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Special space artificial solid waste hot melting compression device and use method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010717139.3A CN111791345A (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Special space artificial solid waste hot melting compression device and use method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111791345A true CN111791345A (en) | 2020-10-20 |
Family
ID=72828283
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010717139.3A Withdrawn CN111791345A (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Special space artificial solid waste hot melting compression device and use method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111791345A (en) |
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2020
- 2020-07-23 CN CN202010717139.3A patent/CN111791345A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Application publication date: 20201020 |
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