CN111789605B - Dynamic low-dose DSA imaging method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic low-dose DSA imaging method, and belongs to the technical field of X-ray machine imaging. It comprises the following steps: (1) preparing for shooting; (2) carrying out primary photography; (3) defining a region of interest ROI required by clinical diagnosis; (4) setting a plurality of contrast agent concentration change observation windows; (5) generating a contrast agent concentration variation control region delta 1; (6) forming a contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta; (7) adjusting the collimation window; (8) performing low-dose photography; (9) calculating a derivative value; (10) adjusting the on-off state of the observation window K (i, j); (11) and (5) if the photographing needs to be continued, executing the step (5), and otherwise, ending. And acquiring contrast agent concentration change information through the observation window, and automatically generating a contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta according to the contrast agent concentration change condition to perform low-dose imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic low-dose DSA imaging method, and belongs to the technical field of X-ray machine imaging.
Background
Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) has become the first choice for imaging various vascular diseases throughout the body, and is also the "gold standard" for imaging large vessels in the brain and heart. DSA has also become indispensable for interventional techniques, particularly intravascular interventional techniques. As DSA is applied more and more in clinic, DSA technologies and devices are required more and more, and new functions, such as three-dimensional DSA imaging function, higher-frequency real-time imaging function, etc., are introduced continuously. However, these new technologies, new functionalities, often require higher imaging doses. How to reduce the imaging dose as much as possible under the condition of keeping the imaging function and the imaging quality unaffected becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
The placement of a collimator between the X-ray machine bulb and the tissue under examination is an effective dose control technique. The X-ray in the collimation window area is projected to the examined tissue through the collimation window, passes through the tissue and is collected and analyzed by the detector to obtain diagnosis information; the X-ray outside the collimating window is blocked by the metal collimator plate and cannot be projected to the examined tissue. By matching the size of the collimation window and the size of the examined tissue area, the imaging dose can be effectively reduced on the basis of not influencing the imaging examination.
Different from the common static collimation technology, the dynamic low-dose DSA imaging method is provided, wherein an adaptive collimator is arranged between a bulb tube of an X-ray machine and a detected tissue, and the imaging dose is controlled more accurately through a collimation window capable of being adjusted in an adaptive mode, so that the imaging dose is further reduced greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a dynamic low-dose DSA imaging method is provided, which solves the problem that the imaging dose is further reduced by automatically adjusting the range of a collimation window for X-ray photography according to the change of the concentration of a contrast agent.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a dynamic low dose DSA imaging method comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing for photography, arranging a self-adaptive collimator with an adjustable collimation window area between a bulb tube of an X-ray machine and a tissue to be examined, and creating an original image library for storing original images and a silhouette image library for storing subtraction images;
(2) before injecting contrast agent, the collimation window of the self-adaptive collimator is in the maximum opening state, the first photography is carried out, and the generated mask image is stored in an original image library;
(3) according to the mask image in the original image library, defining a region of interest ROI (RegionOfInterest) required by clinical diagnosis;
(4) setting a plurality of contrast agent concentration change observation windows in a region of interest ROI (region of interest), selecting an initial region delta 0 in the region of interest ROI, setting the initial state of a switch of the observation window K (i, j) in the initial region delta 0 to be 'on', and setting the initial state of a switch of the observation window K (i, j) outside the initial region delta 0 to be 'off';
(5) all areas where the observation windows K (i, j) with the switch states of 'on' are located are collected to generate a contrast agent concentration change control area delta 1;
(6) the contrast agent concentration variation control region Δ 1 expands outward to form a contrast agent concentration variation guide imaging control region Δ (Δ ═ Δ 1+ δ, and Δ is included in the ROI), and the on-off state of the observation window K (i, j) included in the transition region δ is set to "on";
(7) adjusting the position of each leaf of the self-adaptive collimator, and forming a hollowed collimation window matched with the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta in the self-adaptive collimator;
(8) the X-ray machine only carries out low-dose photography on a contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta through a collimation window of the self-adaptive collimator, a shot image is stored in an original image library, a corresponding silhouette image is generated, and the silhouette image is stored in a silhouette image library;
(9) traversing each observation window K (i, j) in the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta, drawing a contrast agent concentration change curve of each observation window K (i, j) along with time, and calculating a derivative value of the contrast agent concentration change curve of each observation window K (i, j) along with time at the current moment (the contrast agent concentration at the moment before the first opened observation window is defaulted to be 0);
(10) traversing and comparing the derivative value corresponding to the observation window K (i, j) at the current moment with the threshold xiClosing deviceThe size relationship of (1):
if the derivative value of the observation window K (i, j) is smaller than the threshold xiClosing deviceIf the observation window K (i, j) is switched to be off, otherwise, the observation window K (i, j) is kept to be on;
(11) and (5) if the photographing needs to be continued, executing the step (5), and otherwise, ending.
As a preferable example, the adaptive collimator comprises a plurality of metal blades and a linear driving motor for driving each metal blade to independently translate, the metal blades are closely arranged in left and right two rows to form a split type X-ray shielding plate, and the outer side of each metal blade is connected with one linear driving motor.
As a preferred example, the region of interest ROI is manually delineated from a region required for clinical diagnosis as observed by an operator from a mask image.
As a preferred example, several observation windows of contrast agent concentration variation are arranged at even intervals in the region of interest ROI.
As a preferred example, the time-dependent contrast agent concentration curve for each observation window K (i, j) plotted in the step (9) is stored in a contrast agent concentration curve library.
Before injecting contrast medium, it needs to take a first photograph to obtain the mask, and the collimation window of the self-adaptive collimator is in the initial state of maximum opening, and the process is normal dose imaging.
After the mask is obtained, a region of interest ROI is firstly defined according to the requirement of clinical diagnosis and is used as a main focus region for subsequent imaging and diagnosis. An initial region Δ 0 is defined in the region where the contrast agent is most present in the ROI region according to the flow direction of the contrast agent. The ROI and the initial region delta 0 are manually defined by an operator; or according to different parts of the shot human body, the preset ROI and delta 0 template ranges of the corresponding parts can be called and directly set. The transition region delta is a region which expands outwards for a certain distance on the basis of the boundary of the contrast agent concentration change control region delta 1 to form a new boundary, the region between the two boundaries is the transition region delta, and the expansion distance is set according to actual requirements. The observation window K (i, j) crossing the boundary of the region is included in the transition region δ, for example, the observation window K (i, j) crossing the boundary of the transition region δ.
The contrast medium concentration change control region Δ 1 is generated by integrating the regions in which all the observation windows K (i, j) whose switching states are "on" are located, and a region having the smallest area among the regions including all the observation windows K (i, j) whose switching states are "on" is preferably used as the contrast medium concentration change control region Δ 1.
After the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta is defined, a collimation window of the self-adaptive collimator is defined by two lines of metal blades together, the position of each metal blade of the self-adaptive collimator is calculated by a computer, and the computer controls a linear driving motor to drive the metal blade to a corresponding position according to the position calculation result to form the collimation window corresponding to the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta.
After the adaptive collimator is adjusted in a conformal mode, low-dose imaging is carried out according to the frame frequency required by clinic until the photographing task is completed.
And storing the images shot each time into an original image library, performing image processing and analysis including subtraction to generate corresponding silhouette images, and storing the silhouette images into a silhouette image library. The image processing and analyzing method used for generating the silhouette image is the conventional DSA image processing and analyzing method, and an algorithm for generating the subtraction image from the original image is not innovative and is not repeated here. Because the difference between the images obtained by two adjacent imaging is only caused by the injected contrast agent flowing in the blood vessel, and the difference with diagnostic significance is in the defined contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta, the related image processing and analysis only guide the imaging control area delta according to the contrast agent concentration change, and the data processing amount is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method comprises the steps that observation windows are distributed in an ROI (region of interest), contrast agent concentration change information is obtained through the observation windows, a contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control region delta is automatically generated according to the contrast agent concentration change condition, the collimation window of a self-adaptive collimator is subjected to conformal adjustment to cover the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control region delta, and low-dose imaging is carried out;
(2) under the condition that multiple times of photographing are needed, before subsequent photographing, a transition region delta is expanded outwards in a contrast agent concentration change control region delta 1, the change of the concentration of a peripheral contrast agent is sensed through the transition region delta so as to track the flowing trend of the contrast agent, and the delta 1 and the delta jointly form a contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control region delta;
(3) according to the contrast agent concentration change information acquired in each imaging, the contrast agent concentration change guides the imaging control region delta to be dynamically adjusted and optimized all the time, so that the region with low concentration change is ignored in each shooting (the region does not provide new information), and the imaging dose is reduced as much as possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the main steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a region of interest ROI demarcated for clinical diagnosis;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a plurality of observation windows for contrast agent concentration variation set within a region of interest ROI;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a contrast agent concentration variation control region Δ 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a contrast agent concentration change guided imaging control region Δ;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hollow collimation window formed inside the adaptive collimator and matched with a contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the projection distances L1, L2 on the X-axis of the left and right side edges of the local contrast agent concentration variation guide imaging control region Δ;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the Z-axis distance from the ends of a pair of metal blades corresponding to L1, L2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the distance from the bulb tube of the X-ray machine to the metal blade and the examined tissue;
fig. 10 is a plurality of process maps of contrast agent concentration change-guided imaging control region Δ and corresponding collimation window changes over time.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved purpose and the efficacy of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with reference to the specific drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-6, a dynamic low dose DSA imaging method includes the following steps:
the solid arrows in FIG. 1 represent the sequence of the flow of steps; the dotted arrow indicates the process of storing and fetching data, the dotted arrow pointing to the "library" indicates storing data, and the dotted arrow pointing to the outside from the "library" indicates fetching data.
(1) Preparing for photography, arranging a self-adaptive collimator with an adjustable collimation window area between a bulb tube of an X-ray machine and a tissue to be examined, and creating an original image library for storing original images and a silhouette image library for storing subtraction images;
(2) before injecting contrast agent, the collimation window of the self-adaptive collimator is in the maximum opening state, the first photography is carried out, and the generated mask image is stored in an original image library;
(3) according to the mask image in the original image library, defining a region of interest ROI (region of interest) required by clinical diagnosis (as shown in figure 2);
(4) setting a plurality of contrast agent concentration change observation windows (as shown in fig. 3) in a region of interest ROI (region of interest), selecting an initial region delta 0 in the region of interest ROI, setting the initial state of a switch of the observation window K (i, j) in the initial region delta 0 to be 'on', and setting the initial state of a switch of the observation window K (i, j) outside the initial region delta 0 to be 'off';
(5) the areas where all the observation windows K (i, j) with the switch states of being in the on state are collected to generate a contrast agent concentration change control area delta 1 (as shown in FIG. 4);
(6) the contrast agent concentration variation control region Δ 1 expands outward by the transition region δ to form a contrast agent concentration variation guide imaging control region Δ (Δ ═ Δ 1+ δ, and Δ is included in the ROI) (see fig. 5), and the on-off state of the observation window K (i, j) included in the transition region δ is set to "on";
(7) adjusting the position of each leaf of the self-adaptive collimator, and forming a hollowed collimation window (as shown in fig. 6) matched with the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta in the self-adaptive collimator;
(8) the X-ray machine only carries out low-dose photography on a contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta through a collimation window of the self-adaptive collimator, a shot image is stored in an original image library, a corresponding silhouette image is generated, and the silhouette image is stored in a silhouette image library;
(9) traversing each observation window K (i, j) in the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta, drawing a contrast agent concentration change curve of each observation window K (i, j) along with time, and calculating a derivative value of the contrast agent concentration change curve of each observation window K (i, j) along with time at the current moment (the contrast agent concentration at the moment before the first opened observation window is defaulted to be 0);
(10) traversing and comparing the derivative value corresponding to the observation window K (i, j) at the current moment with the threshold xiClosing deviceThe size relationship of (1):
if the derivative value of the observation window K (i, j) is smaller than the threshold xiClosing deviceIf the observation window K (i, j) is switched to be off, otherwise, the observation window K (i, j) is kept to be on;
(11) and (5) if the photographing needs to be continued, executing the step (5), and otherwise, ending.
Examples
As shown in fig. 6, the adaptive collimator includes a plurality of metal blades (strip-shaped sheets in the figure) and a linear driving motor (not shown in the figure) for driving each metal blade to independently translate, the plurality of metal blades are closely arranged in two rows on the left and right to form a split X-ray shielding plate, the X-ray shielding plate completely covers the examined tissue region, and the outer side of each metal blade is connected with one linear driving motor. The linear driving motor completes the position adjustment of the metal blade through a self-adaptive collimator driving algorithm of a computer. In the figure, the strip-shaped sheet is a metal blade, and the blank area is a collimation window.
As shown in fig. 7-9, the adaptive collimator driving algorithm is as follows:
(1) establishing a coordinate system by taking a dividing line in the middle of two rows of metal blades as a Z axis, taking the moving direction of the metal blades as an X axis and taking a Y axis to pass through the intersection point of the X axis and the Z axis;
(2) a pair of metal blades which are symmetrical left and right are numbered as 1, 2, 3, …, n, … in sequence along the Z-axis direction; mn，1(t) setting the distance from the end of the left metal blade to the Z axis in the nth pair of metal blades according to the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control region delta defined at the time t, Mn，2(t) setting the distance from the end of the right metal blade to the Z axis in the nth pair of metal blades according to a contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta defined at the time t;
(3) in the local contrast agent concentration change guidance imaging control region Δ covered by the nth pair of metal blades, a projection distance of a left edge of the local contrast agent concentration change guidance imaging control region Δ on the X axis is represented by L1, and a projection distance of a right edge of the local contrast agent concentration change guidance imaging control region Δ on the X axis is represented by L2;
(4) in the Y-axis direction, the distance between the X-ray machine bulb and the metal blade is h1, and the distance between the X-ray machine bulb and the detected tissue is h 2;
(5) according to the similar triangle principle (the vertex on the triangle is the position of the X-ray machine bulb), the following calculation is carried out:
Mn，1(t)＝(h1/h2)L1，Mn，2(t)＝(h1/h2)L2
(6) and according to the calculation result, the linear driving motor moves each metal blade to a corresponding position to complete the adjustment of the collimation window.
After the adaptive collimator is adjusted in a conformal mode, low-dose imaging is carried out according to the frame frequency required by clinic until the photographing task is completed.
Application case
As shown in fig. 10, after the injection of the contrast agent, the contrast agent gradually flows from below to above of the region of interest ROI as time passes, and the concentration of the contrast agent in the region of interest ROI gradually decreases from low to high.
At the initial moment, the set contrast agent concentration change guides the imaging control region delta to be positioned below the region of interest ROI, wherein the region is the region into which the contrast agent firstly enters;
after low-dose photography is carried out, according to the change condition of the concentration of the contrast agent, closing the region with slow change of the concentration of the contrast agent and concentration falling back (the numerical value of the derivative is less than xi)Closing deviceThe image of this region no longer has diagnostic significance and does not need to be taken again in order to reduce the imaging dose); opening an observation window contained in the transition region delta for exploration, and assuming that the concentration change of a certain observation window of the transition region delta is not less than xiClosing deviceIf so, maintaining the opening state, otherwise, closing; an increased transition zone δ before each imaging, which has the effect of tracking contrast agent flow and concentration variations;
the contrast agent concentration change control region delta 1 and the transition region delta together form a dynamically adjusted contrast agent concentration change guidance imaging control region delta. Illustrated are a plurality of process maps of contrast agent concentration variation-guided imaging control region Δ and corresponding collimation window variation over time.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A dynamic low dose DSA imaging method comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing for photography, arranging a self-adaptive collimator with an adjustable collimation window area between a bulb tube of an X-ray machine and a tissue to be examined, and creating an original image library for storing original images and a silhouette image library for storing subtraction images;
(2) before injecting contrast agent, the collimation window of the self-adaptive collimator is in the maximum opening state, the first photography is carried out, and the generated mask image is stored in an original image library;
(3) defining a Region Of interest ROI (Region Of) required for clinical diagnosis according to the mask image in the original image library
Interest)；
(4) Setting a plurality of contrast agent concentration change observation windows in a region of interest ROI (region of interest), selecting an initial region delta 0 in the region of interest ROI, setting the initial state of a switch of the observation window K (i, j) in the initial region delta 0 to be 'on', and setting the initial state of a switch of the observation window K (i, j) outside the initial region delta 0 to be 'off';
(5) all areas where the observation windows K (i, j) with the switch states of 'on' are located are collected to generate a contrast agent concentration change control area delta 1;
(6) the contrast agent concentration variation control region delta 1 expands outward to form a contrast agent concentration variation guide imaging control region delta, delta is delta 1+ delta and is contained in the ROI, and the switch state of an observation window K (i, j) contained in the transition region delta is set to be 'on';
(7) adjusting the position of each leaf of the self-adaptive collimator, and forming a hollowed collimation window matched with the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta in the self-adaptive collimator;
(8) the X-ray machine only carries out low-dose photography on a contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta through a collimation window of the self-adaptive collimator, a shot image is stored in an original image library, a corresponding silhouette image is generated, and the silhouette image is stored in a silhouette image library;
(9) traversing each observation window K (i, j) in the contrast agent concentration change guide imaging control area delta, drawing a contrast agent concentration change curve of each observation window K (i, j) along with time, and calculating a derivative value of the contrast agent concentration change curve of each observation window K (i, j) along with time at the current moment;
(10) and traversing and comparing the magnitude relation between the derivative value corresponding to the observation window K (i, j) at the current moment and the threshold xi:
if the derivative value of the observation window K (i, j) is smaller than the threshold value xi off, the on-off state of the observation window K (i, j) is changed to be off, otherwise, the on-off state of the observation window K (i, j) is kept to be on;
(11) and (5) if the photographing is required to be continued, executing the step, otherwise, ending the photographing, wherein the adaptive collimator comprises a plurality of metal blades and a linear driving motor for driving each metal blade to independently translate, the plurality of metal blades are closely arranged in left and right two rows to form a split type X-ray shielding plate, and the outer side of each metal blade is connected with one linear driving motor.
2. The dynamic low-dose DSA imaging method of claim 1, wherein the region of interest ROI is manually delineated based on the region required for clinical diagnosis observed by the operator from the mask image.
3. The dynamic low-dose DSA imaging method according to claim 1, wherein several observation windows of contrast agent concentration variation are set at regular intervals within the ROI of the region of interest.
4. The dynamic low-dose DSA imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the time-varying contrast agent concentration curve for each observation window K (i, j) plotted in step (9) is stored in a contrast agent concentration variation curve library.
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