CN111789119A - 一种吡啶酮类抗真菌医药在农作物病害防治上的新用途 - Google Patents
一种吡啶酮类抗真菌医药在农作物病害防治上的新用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种吡啶酮类抗真菌医药为杀菌剂在农作物病害防治上的新用途,所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药为环吡酮胺和羟吡酮,可防治由立枯丝核菌、油菜菌核病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、稻瘟病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和柑橘溃疡病菌引起的农作物病害。本发明的环吡酮胺和羟吡酮对油菜菌核病菌、立枯丝核菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、稻瘟病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和柑橘溃疡病菌均表现出优异的抗菌作用,显著高于商品化杀菌剂嘧菌酯和叶枯唑,在农作物病害防治上表现出潜在的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农用杀菌剂领域,更具体地,涉及吡啶酮类抗真菌医药作为杀菌剂在农作物病害防治上的新用途。
背景技术
植物病害严重威胁农业健康发展和粮食安全问题,因植物病害每年造成的粮食损失已超过产量的11%。比如我国稻田受到纹枯病的影响,每年造成600万吨谷物的损失,小麦受赤霉病的影响,每年造成10%~30%的减产。植物病害的严重发生、病原菌抗性的发展以及化学杀菌剂的滥用等,加剧植物病原菌对杀菌剂的抗性,严重威胁环境安全和人类健康。因此研究与开发能有效控制植物病原菌的高效、低毒、低残留的新型农药,已成为目前农药创制的首要目标。
环吡酮胺和羟吡酮(结构式如式1所示)是一种吡啶酮类抗真菌医药,主要改变真菌细胞膜的完整性,引起细胞内物质外流,并阻断蛋白质前体物质的摄取,导致真菌死亡。具有抗菌谱广、强渗透力。安全高效等特点,能直达被感染皮肤深部,对大多数的病原性霉菌,包括皮肤真菌、白色念珠菌等具有良好的抗菌活性,适用于手足癣、体癣及花斑癣,也可用于霉菌性阴道感染的治疗,是目前较为理想的局部用抗真菌药。但到目前为止,还未见环吡酮胺和羟吡酮在防治植物病害方面的研究报道。基于此,本发明以环吡酮胺和羟吡酮为供试药剂,评价其对植物病原真菌和植物病原细菌的抗菌活性,发现环吡酮胺和羟吡酮对油菜菌核病菌,立枯丝核菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、稻瘟病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和柑橘溃疡病菌均具有优异的抗菌活性。因此,环吡酮胺和羟吡酮作为防治重要农作物病害的杀菌剂有良好的开发前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是将2种吡啶酮类药剂用于农作物病害的防治,以扩大各药剂的使用范围,以期筛选到一些高效、低毒的农药杀菌剂。
吡啶酮类抗真菌医药作为杀菌剂在农作物病害防治上的新用途,所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药为环吡酮胺和羟吡酮,可防治由油菜菌核病菌、立枯丝核病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、稻瘟病菌、棉花枯萎病菌引起的农作物真菌病害,可防治由柑橘溃疡病菌引起的农作物细菌性病害。
与现有技术相比,本发明的效果是:吡啶酮类抗真菌医药(环吡酮胺和羟吡酮)对多种农作物真菌和细菌病害的活性显著高于农用商品化杀菌剂嘧菌酯和叶枯唑,可以在农业农作物病害防治上实现新用途。
具体实施方式
吡啶酮类抗真菌医药作为杀菌剂在农作物病害防治上的新用途,所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药为环吡酮胺和羟吡酮,可防治由油菜菌核病菌、立枯丝核病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、稻瘟病菌、棉花枯萎病菌引起的农作物真菌病害,可防治由柑橘溃疡病菌引起的农作物细菌性病害。
以下是本发明的具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步描述,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于实施例所述的范围,凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1:室内抗真菌活性测定
采用菌丝生长速率法:按照一定的浓度梯度,将测试化合物加入经灭菌并冷却至50℃左右的培养基中,混匀,将药剂稀释成系列浓度制备成含药培养基,每培养皿接种一菌碟(直径d=5mm),每个浓度设置3个重复;并以嘧菌酯为对照药剂,测定化合物对6种植物病原真菌的抑制活性。在25℃培养至对照菌落长满培养皿2/3以上时以十字交叉法测定各浓度处理的菌落直径(mm),计算药剂对菌丝体的生长抑制率,差异性统计分析采用统计软件SAS8.1(Statistical Analysis System 8.1)进行。测定环吡酮胺和羟吡酮对6种植物病原真菌的抑制效果,结果见表1和表3。
实施例2:室内抗细菌活性测定
采用微量肉汤稀释法:将柑橘溃疡病菌接种于20mL MH培养基中,然后置于37℃的恒温摇床中孵育12h,转速为150rpm。取适量菌体培养液用酶标仪测定在600nm下的吸光度,以不加细菌的培养液作为空白对照,根据OD6000.1相当于浓度为1×108cfu/mL,用MH培养基将细菌悬浮液稀释成浓度1×106cfu/mL的菌液后,备用。
用排枪吸取50μL稀释好的细菌菌液置于96孔板中,然后依次加入50μL的化合物溶液,空白对照为加入同等体积的PBS溶液,阳性对照为叶枯唑,每个浓度设置3个重复。将样品置于28℃的恒温培养箱中孵育24h后,测定其在600nm处的OD值,计算出抑制率,并用SPSS软件计算出抑制中浓度EC50。测定环吡酮胺和羟吡酮对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制效果,结果见表2和表3。
表1.环吡酮胺和羟吡酮对植物病原真菌的抑制活性
表2.环吡酮胺和羟吡酮对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制活性
表3.环吡酮胺和羟吡酮对植物病原真菌的抑制活性
由表1和表3生测结果可知,本发明涉及的2种吡啶酮类抗真菌医药(环吡酮胺和羟吡酮)对6种植物病原真菌,油菜菌核病菌、立枯丝核菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、稻瘟病菌和棉花枯萎病菌均表现出优异的抑制作用,显著高于同浓度下的商品化杀菌剂嘧菌酯。特别是环吡酮胺对油菜菌核病菌、番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性最强,其EC50值分别为1.95和5.37μg/mL。由表2和表3生测结果可知,环吡酮胺和羟吡酮对植物病原细菌,柑橘溃疡病菌的抑菌活性较强,其EC50值分别为15.43和29.61μg/mL,显著高于对照药剂叶枯唑。综上所述,本发明所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药对农业病菌表现出显著的抑制活性,可以在农作物病害防治上实现新用途。
Claims (8)
1.本发明涉及一种吡啶酮类抗真菌医药作为杀菌剂在农作物病害防治上的新用途,其特征在于:所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药为环吡酮胺和羟吡酮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药在防治油菜菌核病菌引起的病害中的应用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药在防治立枯丝核菌引起的病害中的应用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药在防治番茄灰霉病菌引起的病害中的应用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药在防治小麦赤霉病菌引起的病害中的应用。
6.根据权利要求1所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药在防治稻瘟病菌引起的病害中的应用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药在防治棉花枯萎病菌引起的病害中的应用。
8.根据权利要求1所述的吡啶酮类抗真菌医药在防治柑橘溃疡病菌引起的病害中的应用。
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