CN111786132B - Radar antenna design method based on MIMO system and radar antenna - Google Patents

Radar antenna design method based on MIMO system and radar antenna Download PDF

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CN111786132B
CN111786132B CN202010606314.1A CN202010606314A CN111786132B CN 111786132 B CN111786132 B CN 111786132B CN 202010606314 A CN202010606314 A CN 202010606314A CN 111786132 B CN111786132 B CN 111786132B
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董贵滨
刘洋
欧阳耀果
黄文锐
刘云
暴宏志
陈员红
刘旭东
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COLIGEN (CHINA) CORP
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065Patch antenna array
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems

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Abstract

The invention discloses a radar antenna design method based on an MIMO system and a radar antenna, which are characterized in that: the radar antenna comprises NTXA transmitting antenna array and N arranged from left to right in sequenceRXA plurality of receiving antenna arrays arranged in sequence from left to right, each of the transmitting antenna arrays and each of the receiving antenna arrays respectively including a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna arrayAZAn antenna sub-array composed of series-fed microstrip antennas, each series-fed microstrip antenna composed of NELThe patch cells are connected in series. The design method of the radar antenna systematizes the design of the MIMO antenna and obtains the target angle resolution theta according to the actual requirementresAnd the number of the receiving and transmitting channels of the radar chip can design the desired radar antenna; especially, the method is applied to the condition that the requirement on the angular resolution is high, and the angular resolution of the radar can reach below 0.45 degrees, so that the use performance of the radar is improved.

Description

Radar antenna design method based on MIMO system and radar antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar antennas, in particular to a radar antenna design method based on an MIMO system and a radar antenna designed by applying the design method.
Background
Millimeter wave radar has received increasing attention in recent years as the most important sensor in the field of intelligent security driving.
The frequency bands opened for the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar mainly include 24 GHz-24.5 GHz (24G for short) and 76 GHz-81 GHz (77G for short). 24G and 77G radar have merits and demerits respectively, and the 24GHz radar has cost advantage due to lower frequency, and the radio frequency chip and the antenna plate are relatively cheap, but the resolution ratio is lower, and the size of the antenna is larger. The 77GHz radar is high in price, but brings the advantages of small radar size and high resolution.
With the change of application scenes, particularly on a rail transit platform with higher speed, the radar performance is also required to be higher and higher, such as forward adaptive cruise (ACC) and emergency Automatic (AEB), and even the radar detection distance is required to be about 450 meters, and meanwhile, the angular resolution of the radar reaches 0.5 degree at such a far distance. In this case, an antenna with a narrower beam and a higher gain is required.
For the design requirements of radar, angular resolution has been one of the important targets pursued by radar development, and thus the derived technologies are also diversified. The radar angular resolution refers to the minimum angular difference between two targets that can be resolved in angular direction. If two equidistant targets (or a target and interference) exist in the same beam, only one composite target can be detected by using conventional radar processing, and the situation that the targets are difficult to distinguish by the radar often occurs, so that the azimuth angle resolution of the radar needs to be improved.
Compared with the traditional real aperture radar, the MIMO radar forms a larger antenna aperture by using a plurality of transmitting channels and a plurality of receiving channels, thereby improving the spatial resolution capability, and can simultaneously detect multiple targets in a scene by using a digital beam forming technology.
The angular resolution of the radar is related to the receive antenna beam width, which is 3dB of the receive antenna beam, and the larger the antenna size, the narrower its angle, i.e. the higher the resolution. According to the existing 77GHz radar provided by mainstream vehicle-mounted radar suppliers, a single-channel receiving antenna usually adopts a two-column or four-column microstrip form, so that the angular resolution of the radar is directly limited to be about 38 degrees and 19 degrees, the angular resolution is improved to 19 degrees by using an MINO mode of two columns of transmitting antennas, even a 4-transmitting 4-receiving channel full of a conventional 77GHz radio frequency chip is used for making a 4-transmitting 4-receiving MINO radar, the angular resolution of the MINO radar only reaches about 9 degrees, and the requirement of 0.5 degree on the angular resolution provided by a high-speed track platform is difficult to meet.
In addition, the MIMO radar can be obtained by performing multiple attempts according to the experience of the designer, and there is no systematic design method, so the development period and development cost of the radar are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a radar antenna design method based on MIMO system, which can design the radar antenna according to the requirement of the angular resolution of the radar and the performance of the radar chip, is convenient and fast, and shortens the period of designing the radar; the first purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a radar antenna design method based on MIMO system is characterized in that the radar antenna comprises NTXA transmitting antenna array and N arranged from left to right in sequenceRXA plurality of receiving antenna arrays arranged in sequence from left to right, each of the transmitting antenna arrays and each of the receiving antenna arrays respectively including a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna arrayAZAn antenna sub-array composed of series-fed microstrip antennas, each series-fed microstrip antenna composed of NELThe patch cells are connected in series; the design method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the number N of pitching dimensional units of each antenna subarrayELThe number of pitching dimensional units of the antenna subarray, namely the number of patch elements of the single-row series-fed microstrip antenna, is calculated according to the following formula II;
the formula II is as follows:
Figure GDA0003298024310000031
where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency, θELRepresenting pitch beamwidth, L1 representing patch element spacing, NELTaking an integer;
s2, the series-fed microstrip antenna is formed by the patch elements according to Taylor weighted distribution of the side lobe 25 dB;
s3, according to the target angle resolution theta of the radar antennaresObtaining azimuth plane beam width theta of single receiving antenna arrayAZCalculating according to the following formula three:
the formula III is as follows: thetaAZ≤θres*NTX*NRX(deg);
S4, determining the number N of azimuth plane elements of each antenna subarrayAZThe number of the azimuth units, namely the number of columns of the series-fed microstrip antenna of each antenna array, is calculated according to the following formula four:
the formula four is as follows:
Figure GDA0003298024310000032
where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency, θAZDenotes azimuth plane beam width, L2 denotes arrangement pitch of the series-fed microstrip antennas of the antenna sub-array, NAZTaking an integer;
s5, designing power dividers of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array;
the transmitting antenna array synthesizes a power divider with equal amplitude and same phase according to an azimuth plane; the receiving antenna array synthesizes a power divider with amplitude weighting according to an azimuth plane;
in each transmitting antenna array, the feeding points of every two feeding microstrip antennas from left to right are connected to form a transmitting primary feeding point; each transmitting primary feed point is finally connected into a transmitting combined feed point;
s6, arranging each receiving antenna array and each transmitting antenna array of the radar antenna according to an MIMO system;
in each receiving antenna array, feeding points of every two feeding microstrip antennas from left to right are connected to form a receiving primary feeding point; and from left to right, every 4 receiving primary feeding points are connected to form receiving secondary feeding points, and each receiving secondary feeding point is finally connected to form a receiving combined feeding point.
Specifically, the feed mode of the series-fed microstrip antenna is edge feed.
Specifically, the antenna subarray sequentially comprises an antenna pattern layer, a dielectric layer and a metal ground from top to bottom; the series feed microstrip antenna is positioned on the antenna pattern layer.
Specifically, in step S1,
Figure GDA0003298024310000041
wherein
Figure GDA0003298024310000042
The beam width theta of the pitch plane is the dielectric constant of the dielectric layerELTaking 9 degrees; in step S4, L2 is λ/2.
Preferably, the number of pitch dimension units NELAnd the number N of azimuth plane unitsAZThe smallest integer of the calculation results is taken.
Specifically, the target angular resolution θresTaking the temperature of 0.45 ℃; in step S5, in each transmit antenna array, feeding points of every two feed microstrip antennas from left to right are connected as transmit primary feeding points; each transmitting primary feed point is finally connected into a transmitting combined feed point;
in step S6, in each receiving antenna array, feeding points of every two feeding microstrip antennas from left to right are connected to form a receiving primary feeding point; and from left to right, every 4 receiving primary feeding points are connected to form receiving secondary feeding points, and each receiving secondary feeding point is finally connected to form a receiving combined feeding point.
Specifically, the dielectric layer is a Rogers3003 plate with the thickness of 0.1 mm; the thickness of the copper plating on the antenna pattern layer is 0.018 mm.
Specifically, the arrangement distance D of each receiving antenna arrayRX=NAZLambda/2, arrangement spacing D of each transmitting antenna arrayTX=NRX*DRX
In particular, NTX=NRX=4。
A second object of the present invention is to provide a radar antenna manufactured based on the above design method.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the design method of the radar antenna systematizes the design of the MIMO antenna and obtains the target angle resolution theta according to the actual requirementresAnd the number of the receiving and transmitting channels of the radar chip can design the desired radar antenna; especially, when the method is applied to the condition of high angular resolution requirement, the angular resolution of the radar can reach below 0.45 degrees, thereby improving the service performance of the radar; the design method is simple to use, and the radar design period can be greatly shortened. Meanwhile, the radar antenna designed by the design method occupies a small area and has high angular resolution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hierarchy of antenna subarrays according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a series-fed microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna pattern layer of a transmit antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna pattern layer of a receiving antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement structure of each antenna subarray of the radar antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the specific embodiments.
It is noted that, unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
This embodiment provides a method for designing a radar antenna based on the MIMO system, which can be performed according to a specific angleResolution requirements to design the radar; the MIMO radar (or radar antenna) has a plurality of receiving and transmitting channels, and each receiving and transmitting channel is a microstrip antenna array (namely an antenna sub-array) formed by a plurality of series-fed microstrip antennas which are arranged in a certain manner; specifically, the radar antenna comprises N arranged from left to right in sequenceTXA transmitting antenna array and N arranged from left to rightRXA receiving antenna array, each of said transmitting antenna array and said receiving antenna array comprising a respective antenna array consisting of NAZAn antenna sub-array formed by sequentially arranging serial feed microstrip antennas from work to right, wherein each serial feed microstrip antenna is formed by NELThe patch cells are connected in series; the design method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and determining the structural layer design and material selection used by the MIMO radar.
Referring to fig. 1, the antenna subarray includes, in order from top to bottom: the antenna pattern layer 1, the dielectric layer 2 and the metal ground 3, wherein the metal ground 3 belongs to the electric part of the antenna subarray; in this embodiment, the dielectric layer 2 has a dielectric constant ε in the 77G millimeter wave bandr3.0, the dielectric thickness is 0.1mm, and the antenna pattern layer 2 adopts a copper plating layer with the thickness of 0.018 mm.
The second step is that: and determining the number of patch elements of the single-column series-fed microstrip antenna.
In conjunction with FIG. 2, the beam width θ is varied according to the radar pitchELDetermining the number N of pitching dimensional units of each antenna subarray according to requirementsELAnd the number of pitching dimensional units of the antenna subarray is the number of patch elements 4 required by the single-row series-fed microstrip antenna.
By the formula one:
Figure GDA0003298024310000061
wherein: the first formula is a directional diagram beam width formula of the larger array antenna, L represents the length of the antenna subarray in a certain direction (a direction plane or a pitching plane), and θ represents the 3dB beam width of the direction.
In the formula I, when calculating the pitching beam width thetaELWhen L in the formula I is LELRepresenting the length of a series fed microstrip antenna (or the length of a sub-array of antennas) can be derived:
Figure GDA0003298024310000062
wherein L isEL=NELL1 and L1 denote the patch element pitch (the distance between the top ends of two patch elements in conjunction with fig. 2) of the series-fed microstrip antenna, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency.
The above calculation is finally converted into formula two:
Figure GDA0003298024310000063
wherein N isELTaking an integer; in this example, L1 is
Figure GDA0003298024310000064
εrThe dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2.
Because the pitching antenna adopts a series-fed microstrip antenna form, the patch element spacing L1 adopts
Figure GDA0003298024310000065
The inherent spacing of the series feed microstrip antenna is adopted, and the advantage of the spacing of the embodiment is that the microstrip line 6 (combined with fig. 2) between the adjacent series feed microstrip antennas is just a straight line, so that the design difficulty is not increased by bending, and the spacing of other distances can be adopted.
According to the radar detection distance, the installation height on the vehicle and the like, the reasonable pitching surface beam width is selected under the condition of reducing the influence of ground clutter and the like as much as possible, and theta is selected in the embodimentELLess than or equal to 9 ℃, and when the material works at 77GHz, the lambda is 3.9mm, and the dielectric material selected is Rogers3003, and epsilon of the dielectric materialrIs 3.0, N is obtainedEL11.02 or more, and taking a minimum integer 12 to reduce the size of the antenna to the maximum; that is, the number of patch elements of each series-fed microstrip antenna is 12, that is, the number of pitch dimension units N of each antenna subarrayELIs 12.
The third step: and confirming the structure of the single-row series-fed microstrip antenna.
With reference to fig. 2, each patch element 4 of the series-fed microstrip antenna is connected in series through a microstrip line 5, a feed port 6 is reserved at one end (the series-fed microstrip antenna adopts end feed), and a pitching dimension amplitude weighting mode is adopted in the design process to realize an antenna pitching dimension low side lobe; the weighted amplitude adopts the conventional taylor weight, and the side lobe is set to be 25 dB; the width ratio of the patch element of each series feed microstrip antenna corresponds to the corresponding taylor weighted current amplitude ratio, and is set according to the following list I:
Figure GDA0003298024310000071
watch 1
The fourth step: determining the number of transmitting antenna subarrays 7 and receiving antenna subarrays 11 of the MIMO radar according to the number of receiving and transmitting channels which can be supported by a single 77G radio frequency chip; a conventional 77G single chip includes 4 transmit channels and 4 receive channels; therefore, the MIMO radar in this embodiment adopts 4 receive and 4 transmit channels, so that the number N of transmit antenna arrays TX4; number N of receive antenna arraysRX=4。
The fifth step: according to angular resolution thetaresTo obtain the azimuth plane beam width theta of a single receiving antenna arrayAZCalculating according to the following formula three:
the formula III is as follows: thetaAZ≤θres*NTX*NRX(deg);
Wherein the number of transmit antenna arrays and receive antenna arrays is determined by the previous step, i.e. NTXN RX4; angular resolution thetaresThe target is set to 0.45 degrees, and the beam width of the azimuth plane of each antenna subarray is not more than 7.2 degrees.
And a sixth step: determining the number N of azimuth plane units of each antenna subarrayAZThe number of azimuth plane units, that is, the number of columns of the series-fed microstrip antenna of each antenna array, is calculated in the following manner. The azimuth plane beam width theta obtained by the fifth stepAZNot more than 7.2 degrees, in the formula I, when the azimuth plane beam width theta is calculatedAZWhen L in the formula I is LAZRepresenting the width of the antenna sub-array, one can derive:
Figure GDA0003298024310000081
wherein L isAZ=NAZL2 and L1 denote the distance between each two rows of series-fed microstrip antennas (the distance between the feed points 6 between each two rows of series-fed microstrip antennas), and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency.
The above calculation is finally converted into formula four:
Figure GDA0003298024310000082
in this embodiment, N is obtained by calculating L2 as λ/2 (i.e., the distance between each two rows of series-fed microstrip antennas is set to be one-half wavelength)AZNot less than 15.91, and obtaining the number of azimuth plane array elements (i.e. the number of columns of the series-fed microstrip antenna) N by taking the nearest integerAZIs 16 yuan.
The size of the antenna subarray has been determined completely, i.e. 16 azimuth and 12 elevation.
The seventh step: the power divider of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is designed.
For the transmitting antenna array, an amplitude weighted power divider is adopted; the amplitude weighted power divider is used to reduce the side lobes of the transmit antennas.
Specifically, with reference to fig. 3, in this embodiment, for the azimuth plane synthesized amplitude weighted power divider 9 of the transmit antenna array 7, feeding points 6 of every two series-fed microstrip antennas in the transmit antenna array 7 from left to right are connected to form a transmit primary feeding point 8; the most connected of each transmitting primary feed point 8 is a transmitting combined feed point 10; the distance L2 between the 16 columns of series-fed microstrip antennas is lambda/2.
For the receiving antenna array, a power divider with equal amplitude and same phase amplitude is adopted; the power divider with equal amplitude and in phase is adopted because DBF (digital beam forming or digital beam forming) is needed for receiving signals, so that the weighting processing cannot be excessive.
Specifically, with reference to fig. 4, in this embodiment, for the equal-amplitude homodromous power divider 14 synthesized by azimuth planes of the receiving antenna arrays 11, in each receiving antenna array, feeding points 6 of every two feeding microstrip antennas from left to right are connected to form a receiving primary feeding point 12; every 4 receiving primary feeding points 12 are connected into receiving secondary feeding points 13 from left to right, and each receiving secondary feeding point 13 is finally connected into a receiving combined feeding point 15; the 16 rows of series-fed microstrip antenna spacing is also selected to be lambda/2.
Eighth step: the arrangement of the receiving antenna arrays and the transmitting antenna arrays of the radar antenna.
The arrangement distance D of the antenna subarrays of each transmitting channelTX=NELLambda/2, array spacing D of antenna subarrays of each receiving channelRX=NRX*DTX
The azimuth plane dimensions of the receiving antenna subarray and the transmitting antenna subarray obtained in the seventh step
Figure GDA0003298024310000091
Therefore, the 7-array spacing of the 4-channel receiving antenna array is selected as DTXFor MIMO arraying, the transmit antenna array 11 of 4 channels is spaced by a distance D of 8 λRX=4*8λ=32λ。
So far, a radar antenna with the angular resolution of 0.45 degrees of 4-receiving and 4-transmitting channels has been designed.
The design method of the radar antenna greatly reduces the time required by the design of the radar antenna; in the existing vehicle-mounted radar products, the angular resolution of the radar is only about 19 degrees, and radar antennas with high angular resolution are provided, but the radar antenna adopting 4 receiving and 4 transmitting channels designed according to the method greatly improves the angular resolution of the radar by designing a transmitting subarray and a receiving subarray, and the theory can reach 0.45 degree.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A radar antenna design method based on MIMO system is characterized in that the radar antenna comprises NTXA transmitting antenna array and N arranged from left to right in sequenceRXA plurality of receiving antenna arrays arranged in sequence from left to right, each of the transmitting antenna arrays and each of the receiving antenna arrays respectively including a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna arrayAZAn antenna sub-array composed of series-fed microstrip antennas, each series-fed microstrip antenna composed of NELThe patch cells are connected in series; the design method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the number N of pitching dimensional units of each antenna subarrayELThe number of pitching dimensional units of the antenna subarray, namely the number of patch elements of the single-row series-fed microstrip antenna, is calculated according to the following formula II;
the formula II is as follows:
Figure FDA0003298024300000011
where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency, θELRepresenting pitch beamwidth, L1 representing patch element spacing, NELTaking an integer;
s2, the series-fed microstrip antenna is formed by the patch elements according to Taylor weighted distribution of the side lobe 25 dB;
s3, target angular resolution theta according to MIMO radar antennaresObtaining azimuth plane beam width theta of single receiving antenna arrayAZCalculating according to the following formula three:
the formula III is as follows: thetaAZ≤θres*NTX*NRX(deg);
S4, determining the number N of azimuth plane elements of each antenna subarrayAZThe number of the azimuth units, namely the number of columns of the series-fed microstrip antenna of each antenna array, is calculated according to the following formula four:
the formula four is as follows:
Figure FDA0003298024300000012
where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency, θAZDenotes azimuth plane beam width, L2 denotes arrangement pitch of the series-fed microstrip antennas of the antenna sub-array, NAZTaking an integer;
s5, designing power dividers of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array;
the transmitting antenna array synthesizes a power divider with equal amplitude and same phase according to an azimuth plane; the receiving antenna array synthesizes a power divider with amplitude weighting according to an azimuth plane;
in each transmitting antenna array, the feeding points of every two feeding microstrip antennas from left to right are connected to form a transmitting primary feeding point; each transmitting primary feed point is finally connected into a transmitting combined feed point;
s6, arranging each receiving antenna array and each transmitting antenna array of the radar antenna according to an MIMO system;
in each receiving antenna array, feeding points of every two feeding microstrip antennas from left to right are connected to form a receiving primary feeding point; and from left to right, every 4 receiving primary feeding points are connected to form receiving secondary feeding points, and each receiving secondary feeding point is finally connected to form a receiving combined feeding point.
2. The design method of claim 1, wherein the feeding manner of the series-fed microstrip antenna is edge feeding.
3. The design method of claim 1, wherein the antenna subarray comprises, from top to bottom, an antenna pattern layer, a dielectric layer, and a metal ground; the series feed microstrip antenna is positioned on the antenna pattern layer.
4. The designing method according to claim 3, wherein, in step S1,
Figure FDA0003298024300000021
wherein
Figure FDA0003298024300000022
The beam width theta of the pitch plane is the dielectric constant of the dielectric layerELTaking 9 degrees; in step S4, L2 is λ/2.
5. The design method according to claim 4, wherein the number of pitch dimension units N isELAnd the number N of azimuth plane unitsAZThe smallest integer of the calculation results is taken.
6. The design method of claim 5, wherein the target angular resolution θ isresTake 0.45 degree.
7. The design method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the dielectric layer is a Rogers3003 plate with a thickness of 0.1 mm; the thickness of the copper plating on the antenna pattern layer is 0.018 mm.
8. The design method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the arrangement pitch D of each receiving antenna arrayRX=NAZLambda/2, arrangement spacing D of each transmitting antenna arrayTX=NRX*DRX
9. The design method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein N isTX=NRX=4。
10. A radar antenna designed by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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