CN111784111A - Space accessibility evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a space accessibility evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: based on an actual road traffic network, corresponding traffic capacity coefficients are given to roads of different levels according to different travel modes, a spatial accessibility index from a residential point to a public service facility is calculated, and then the maximum number of people served by the public service facility is calculated; obtaining the supply and demand ratio of the public service facilities according to the maximum number of the public service facilities and the number of potential users; setting a threshold value of the spatial reachability index for each person to form a personal spatial scope, weighting and summing supply and demand proportions of public service facilities in the personal spatial scope by using a Gaussian equation to obtain the reachability of the public service facilities of each person. The invention can more truly express the service capability of public service facilities, and improve the accuracy of the resident geographic information, the authenticity of data and the credibility of data analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban planning design, in particular to a space accessibility evaluation method.
Background
In the field of urban planning and design, the accessibility of public service facilities is an important factor affecting the use of urban residents. The accessibility refers to the difficulty of reaching a destination from any point in space, reflects the size of space resistance overcome in the process of reaching the destination, and is generally measured by indexes such as distance, time, cost and the like.
Commonly used reachability research methods include statistical analysis, buffer Area method, proximity distance method, travel cost method, gravity model method, network analysis method, internet map method, and Gaussian Two-Step movement search method 2SFCA (Gaussian-Based Two-Step movement search Area). The different methods have different emphasis points and different results. The Gaussian two-step mobile search method comprehensively considers factors such as population quantity, public service facility area and travel resistance difference, and analyzes the matching of population and public service facility distribution and service rationality, so that the public service facility area which can be obtained by everyone is obtained, the supply capacity and the resident demand level are fused, and the space accessibility of the public service facility is accurately reflected.
The space distance threshold accessibility is distinguished by a Gaussian two-step mobile search method, and the specific process comprises two steps:
the first step is as follows: and for any public service facility, taking a certain value of the linear distance as a threshold value to form a space scope, weighting and summing the population of the residential points in the space scope positioned at the linear distance by using a Gaussian equation to obtain the number of potential users of the public service facility. The ratio of the maximum number of the public service facilities to the number of the potential users is the supply-demand ratio of the public service facilities. The formula of the supply-demand ratio is as follows:
wherein S isjThe maximum number of persons served by the public service facility j in area; pkIs the number of people in street k within the spatial domain of public service facility j; g (d)kj，d0) The method is a Gaussian equation considering the space friction, and comprises the following steps:
the second step is that: for each street i, a certain value of the straight-line distance is used as a threshold value to form a space scopeUsing the Gaussian equation for the supply-to-demand ratio R of a utility located in the spatial domainiWeighting and summing the weighted supply-demand ratios to obtain the accessibility A of the public service facilities on each streeti. The calculation method comprises the following steps:
where l represents the spatial domain in street i { d }il≤d0One of the set of public service facilities of }; dilIs the spatial distance of street i to utility i. G (d)il，d0) Representing the spatial friction coefficient of street i to utility i; rlRepresenting the supply-to-demand ratio of the utility i. A. theiCan be understood as the per-capita area occupancy (m) of a public service facility in a certain area of investigation2Person).
However, as the era develops, several major defects of the gaussian two-step mobile search method become more and more obvious. First, the gaussian two-step moving search statistics are in street units. In practice, street size, population size and population distribution vary greatly, resulting in a large demographic error. Secondly, the Gaussian two-step mobile search method takes the linear distance between public service facilities and residents as the reachability reference measurement, does not consider the actual road traffic network and geographical obstacles, has a certain difference with the reality, and overestimates the reachability. Third, the introduction of new transportation means, such as subways, is not considered, so that residents at long distances can also enjoy public service facilities, thereby underestimating the accessibility of the public facilities. Fourth, the gaussian two-step mobile search method accounts for the service capacity of the utility in units of area. In actual practice, public service facilities of different areas may serve the same number of people. Taking sports as an example, the number of people that can be served by golf courses and basketball courts with the same area is extremely different. Therefore, the problem of great statistical index error exists in the existing Gaussian two-step mobile search method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the space accessibility evaluation method, which can more truly express the service capability of public service facilities and improve the accuracy of the geographic information of residents, the authenticity of data and the reliability of data analysis.
A spatial reachability evaluation method includes the following steps:
step one, based on an actual road traffic network, endowing roads of different levels with corresponding traffic capacity coefficients according to different travel modes, calculating time, cost and distance of a certain point to a public service facility under different travel modes, and further obtaining a spatial reachability index d from a resident point i to the public service facility jij(ii) a Based on the area of the public service facility, different service coefficients are given to different public service facilities according to different service categories to calculate the service capacity of the public service facility, namely the maximum number of service people of the public service facility;
step two, forming a space scope of action for any public service facility according to a threshold value of the space accessibility index, weighting and summing the population in the space scope of action by using a Gaussian equation to obtain the number of potential users of the public service facility, wherein the ratio of the maximum number of the public service facilities to the number of the potential users is the supply-demand ratio of the public service facility;
setting a threshold value of the spatial reachability index for each person to form a personal spatial scope, weighting and summing the supply and demand ratios of the public service facilities in the personal spatial scope by using a Gaussian equation to obtain the reachability of the public service facilities of each person.
Further, the spatial reachability index d from the residential site i to the public service facility j in the first stepijThe specific calculation steps are as follows: by utilizing an API (application program interface) of the Internet, on the basis of an actual road traffic network, corresponding traffic capacity coefficients are given to roads of different levels according to different travel modes, a spatial accessibility index of any residential point to any public service facility in a city is obtained, the spatial accessibility index is expressed by time, distance and cost, and a certain value of the set time is a threshold t0Distance, distanceIs a threshold value j0A certain value of the cost is a threshold value m0Spatial reachability index d from residential point to public service facility jijThe calculation formula is as follows;
dij＝Tij+Jij+Mij(1)
wherein
TijRepresents the time friction index from the residential point i to the public service facility j, T represents the time from the residential point i to the public service facility j, as derived from equation (5), PkTraffic capacity factor, t, representing different travel patternskRepresenting the required time of different travel modes;
Jijrepresents an actual distance friction index from a residential point i to a public service facility J, J represents an actual distance from the residential point i to the public service facility J, and is derived from equation (6)kRepresenting the required distances of different travel modes;
Mijdenotes a charge friction index from a resident i to a public service facility j, and M denotes a charge from the resident i to the public service facility jIs obtained from the formula (7) mkRepresenting the required cost for different travel modes.
Further, the service capability of the public service facility in the first step is expressed as:
wherein S isjMaximum number of persons served, V, representing public service facility jjRepresents the actual area of the utility j; qjA service coefficient representing a public service facility; kjRepresenting the average area occupied by each person when the service facility is providing service.
Further, the formula for calculating the supply-demand ratio of the public service facility in the second step is as follows:
wherein S isjIs the maximum number of persons served by public service facility j; ckIs the number of people at a residential site k within the spatial domain of public service facility j; dkjIs the spatial reachability index from the public service facility j to the residential point k; d0Is a threshold value of the spatial reachability index; g (d)kj，d0) The space friction coefficient of the public service facility is calculated by the following formula:
further, the third step is as follows:
forming a space scope by taking a certain value of the space accessibility index as a threshold value for each residential point i, and utilizing a Gaussian equation to provide a supply-demand ratio R of public service facilities in the space scopeiWeighting and adding the weighted supply and demand proportions to obtain the accessibility A of the public service facilities of each residential siteiThe calculation formula is as follows:
where l represents the spatial domain { d } at the residential site iil≤d0One of the set of public service facilities of }; dilIs the spatial reachability index, G (d), from the residential site i to the public service facility lil，d0) Representing the spatial friction coefficient of the residential site i to the public service facility i; rlRepresenting the supply-to-demand ratio of the utility i.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the original method, the statistical population takes the street as a unit, the improvement is that the address of a residential building and the number of residents are taken as a unit, and the accuracy of the geographic information of the residents is improved;
2. compared with the original method, the method takes the straight-line distance between the public service facility and the resident residence as the reachability reference measurement, improves the straight-line distance into the reachability reference measurement by integrating various transportation modes, particularly the trip mode of the subway, and comprehensively considers the actual distance and the actual time as the reachability reference measurement, thereby improving the authenticity of data;
3. compared with the original method, the method takes the area of the public service facility as the service capability reference measurement, improves the method into the method taking the maximum number of service people of the public service facility as the service capability reference measurement, more truly expresses the service capability of the public service facility, and improves the reliability of data analysis.
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FIG. 1 is a comparison of a statistical population in street units and a statistical population in residential buildings;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of a straight-line distance between a public service facility and a residential dwelling as a reachability reference metric and an actual distance and actual time as the reachability reference metric;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a maximum number of persons served by a public service facility as a service capability reference metric.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a space accessibility evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, based on an actual road traffic network, endowing roads of different levels with corresponding traffic capacity coefficients according to different travel modes, calculating time, cost and distance of a certain point to a public service facility under different travel modes, and further obtaining a spatial reachability index d from a resident point i to the public service facility jij(ii) a Based on the area of the public service facilities, different service coefficients are given to different public service facilities according to different service categories to calculate the service capacity of the public service facilities, namely the maximum number of service people of the public service facilities.
The first step is as follows:
by using the API of the Internet, corresponding traffic capacity coefficients are given to roads of different levels according to different travel modes on the basis of an actual road traffic network, as shown in FIG. 2. The travel modes comprise walking, riding, subway, bus, private car travel and the like, and roads in different levels comprise express ways, main roads, secondary roads and branches, so that the spatial reachability index of any residential point to any public service facility in a city can be obtained. The spatial reachability index is expressed in terms of time, distance, and cost. The addresses of residents and public service facilities can be obtained through the API of the internet map, and the addresses of residential sites can be accurate to buildings, even floors, as shown in fig. 1.
Setting a certain value of time to a threshold value t0A certain value of the distance is a threshold value j0A certain value of the cost is a threshold value m0Spatial reachability index d from residential point to public service facility jijThe calculation formula is as follows:
dij＝Tij+Jij+Mij(1)
wherein
TijRepresents the time friction index from the residential point i to the public service facility j, T represents the time from the residential point i to the public service facility j, as derived from equation (5), PkTraffic capacity factor, t, representing different travel patternskRepresenting the required time of different travel modes;
Jijrepresents an actual distance friction index from a residential point i to a public service facility J, J represents an actual distance from the residential point i to the public service facility J, and is derived from equation (6)kRepresenting the required distances of different travel modes;
Mijrepresents a cost friction index from a residential point i to a public service facility j, and M represents a cost from the residential point i to the public service facility j, as derived from equation (7), MkRepresenting the required cost for different travel modes.
The service capabilities of the public service facility are expressed as:
wherein, VjRepresents the actual area of the utility j; qjA service coefficient representing a public service facility; kjRepresenting the average area occupied by each person when the service facility provides services; sjRepresenting the maximum number of persons served by public service facility j, as shown in fig. 3.
Taking a basketball court as an example, the standard basketball court is 28 meters long and 15 meters wide, has an area of 420 square meters, and can generally accommodate 10 people in two teams, and the average number of people is 42 square meters; a standard tennis court is not less than 670 square meters, and can generally accommodate four players playing balls at the same time, wherein the number of players is 167.5 square meters. Kj42 square meters per person and 167.5 square meters per person were taken, respectively.
And step two, forming a space scope of action for any public service facility by using a threshold value of the space reachability index, weighting and summing the population in the space scope of action by using a Gaussian equation to obtain the number of potential users of the public service facility, wherein the ratio of the maximum number of service people of the public service facility to the number of the potential users is the supply-demand ratio of the public service facility.
The second step is as follows:
and for any public service facility, forming a space scope by taking a certain value of the space reachability index as a threshold, weighting and summing the population of the residential points in the space scope by using a Gaussian equation to obtain the number of potential users of the public service facility. The ratio of the maximum number of the public service facilities to the number of the potential users is the supply-demand ratio of the public service facilities. The calculation formula of the supply-demand ratio of the public service facility is as follows:
wherein S isjIs the maximum number of persons served by public service facility j; ckIs the number of people at a residential site k within the spatial domain of public service facility j; dkjIs the spatial reachability index from the public service facility j to the residential point k; d0Is a threshold value of the spatial reachability index; g (d)kj，d0) The spatial friction coefficient of the public service facility is calculated by the following steps:
∑G(dkj，d0)*Ckthe number of potential users is calculated.
Setting a threshold value of the spatial reachability index for each person to form a personal spatial scope, weighting and summing the supply and demand ratios of the public service facilities in the personal spatial scope by using a Gaussian equation to obtain the reachability of the public service facilities of each person.
The third step is as follows:
forming a space scope by taking a certain value of the space accessibility index as a threshold value for each residential point i, and utilizing a Gaussian equation to provide a supply-demand ratio R of public service facilities in the space scopeiWeighting and adding the weighted supply and demand proportions to obtain the accessibility A of the public service facilities of each residential sitei. The calculation method comprises the following steps:
where l represents the spatial domain { d } at the residential site iil≤d0One of the set of public service facilities of }; dilIs the spatial reachability index from the residential site i to the public service facility i. G (d)il，d0) Representing the spatial friction coefficient of the residential site i to the public service facility i; rlRepresenting the supply-to-demand ratio of the utility i. For the residential site i, AiThe higher the accessibility of the public service facility, the more resources.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A spatial reachability evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, based on an actual road traffic network, endowing roads of different levels with corresponding traffic capacity coefficients according to different travel modes, calculating time, cost and distance of a certain point to a public service facility under different travel modes, and further obtaining a spatial reachability index d from a resident point i to the public service facility jij(ii) a Based on the area of the public service facility, different service coefficients are given to different public service facilities according to different service categories to calculate the service capacity of the public service facility, namely the maximum number of service people of the public service facility;
step two, forming a space scope of action for any public service facility according to a threshold value of the space accessibility index, weighting and summing the population in the space scope of action by using a Gaussian equation to obtain the number of potential users of the public service facility, wherein the ratio of the maximum number of the public service facilities to the number of the potential users is the supply-demand ratio of the public service facility;
setting a threshold value of the spatial reachability index for each person to form a personal spatial scope, weighting and summing the supply and demand ratios of the public service facilities in the personal spatial scope by using a Gaussian equation to obtain the reachability of the public service facilities of each person.
2. The spatial reachability evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: spatial reachability index d from residential point i to public service facility j in the step oneijThe specific calculation steps are as follows: by utilizing an API (application program interface) of the Internet, on the basis of an actual road traffic network, corresponding traffic capacity coefficients are given to roads of different levels according to different travel modes, a spatial accessibility index of any residential point to any public service facility in a city is obtained, the spatial accessibility index is expressed by time, distance and cost, and a certain value of the set time is a threshold t0A certain value of the distance is a threshold value j0A certain value of the cost is a threshold value m0Spatial reachability index d from residential point to public service facility jijThe calculation formula is as follows;
dij＝Tij+Jij+Mij(1)
wherein
TijRepresents the time friction index from the residential point i to the public service facility j, T represents the time from the residential point i to the public service facility j, as derived from equation (5), PkTraffic capacity factor, t, representing different travel patternskRepresenting the required time of different travel modes;
Jijrepresents an actual distance friction index from a residential point i to a public service facility J, J represents an actual distance from the residential point i to the public service facility J, and is derived from equation (6)kRepresenting the required distances of different travel modes;
Mijrepresents a cost friction index from a residential point i to a public service facility j, and M represents a cost from the residential point i to the public service facility j, as derived from equation (7), MkRepresenting the required cost for different travel modes.
3. The spatial reachability evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the service capability of the public service facility in the first step is represented as:
wherein S isjMaximum number of persons served, V, representing public service facility jjRepresents the actual area of the utility j; qjA service coefficient representing a public service facility; kjRepresenting the average area occupied by each person when the service facility is providing service.
4. The spatial reachability evaluation method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized by: the calculation formula of the supply-demand ratio of the public service facility in the step two is as follows:
wherein S isjIs the maximum number of persons served by public service facility j; ckIs the number of people at a residential site k within the spatial domain of public service facility j; dkjIs the spatial reachability index from the public service facility j to the residential point k; d0Is a threshold value of the spatial reachability index; g (d)kj，d0) The space friction coefficient of the public service facility is calculated by the following formula:
5. the spatial reachability evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third step is as follows:
forming a space scope by taking a certain value of the space accessibility index as a threshold value for each residential point i, and utilizing a Gaussian equation to supply and demand public service facilities in the space scopeRatio RiWeighting and adding the weighted supply and demand proportions to obtain the accessibility A of the public service facilities of each residential siteiThe calculation formula is as follows:
where l represents the spatial domain { d } at the residential site iil≤d0One of the set of public service facilities of }; dilIs the spatial reachability index, G (d), from the residential site i to the public service facility lil，d0) Representing the spatial friction coefficient of the residential site i to the public service facility i; rlRepresenting the supply-to-demand ratio of the utility i.
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| CN112215432A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-12 | 河南大学 | Water resource accessibility prediction method and prediction system |
| CN112633911A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-04-09 | 云南省测绘资料档案馆(云南省基础地理信息中心) | Medical convenience evaluation method and system |
| CN112581091A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-30 | 广州市城市规划设计所 | Quantitative evaluation method, device and equipment for public service facilities and storage medium |
| CN113222327A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-08-06 | 上海元卓信息科技有限公司 | Method for analyzing block accessibility based on service capability |
| CN113361957B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Garbage classification recycling facility adding method and system based on step-suitable index improvement |
| CN113361957A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Garbage classification recycling facility adding method and system based on step-suitable index improvement |
| CN114723316A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-08 | 上海杰狮信息技术有限公司 | Urban public facility reachability evaluation method and system based on GIS and readable storage module |
| CN114723316B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-10-03 | 上海杰狮信息技术有限公司 | Reachability evaluation method and system for urban public facilities based on GIS |
| CN115730763A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-03-03 | 中山大学 | Method and device for calculating accessibility of facility in workday based on terminal signaling data |
| CN115730763B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-05-21 | 中山大学 | Method and device for calculating reachability of workday facilities based on terminal signaling data |
| CN115545566A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2022-12-30 | 北京建筑大学 | Service facility reachability evaluation method and device, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN115545566B (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-12-08 | 北京建筑大学 | Service facility reachability evaluation method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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