CN111783364B - Method for modeling and simulating toxic gas diffusion based on real terrain - Google Patents
Method for modeling and simulating toxic gas diffusion based on real terrain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for modeling and simulating toxic gas diffusion based on real terrain. The invention comprises the following steps: acquiring digital geographic data; determining the range of the calculation domain according to the selected longitude and latitude information; acquiring a three-dimensional altitude coordinate in a calculation domain, and converting the three-dimensional coordinate into a space coordinate; creating points, lines and surfaces through modeling software to obtain a real terrain surface, and constructing a calculation domain surface according to the real terrain surface; constructing a calculation domain body according to the constructed calculation domain surface; carrying out grid division on the calculation domain body through Design Modler and ANSYS shifting software; and importing the gridding file after gridding into FLUENT, and observing the leakage influence range and concentration distribution by checking concentration cloud pictures of various species. The method has the advantages that the topographic data and software for simulating the leakage diffusion of the gas under the complex topography are easy to obtain, the operation is simple and quick, the proper simulation domain can be quickly established, the high-quality grid can be established, and the diffusion of the gas under various conditions can be effectively and accurately simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric environment risk management, in particular to a method based on real terrain modeling and toxic gas diffusion simulation.
Background
The natural gas reservoirs in northeast China are rich in resources and have high exploitation value, but 80% of gas fields are high-sulfur-content gas fields (the H2S content is higher than 5%), so that great environmental risks are brought to the processes of exploitation, purification, transportation and the like of high-sulfur-content natural gas, and the environmental risks in the processes need to be managed. At present, the diffusion of toxic and harmful gas pollutants in the atmosphere is simulated by adopting models, which mainly comprise a Gaussian model, a BM model, a FEM3 model, a box and similar model, a three-dimensional phenomenon transfer model, a shallow layer model, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and the like. The Gaussian model is mainly based on an empirical model, but is only suitable for diffusion simulation of neutral gas and flat terrain; the BM model is only suitable for diffusion of heavy gas and has limited simulation precision; the FEM3 model is suitable for heavy gas diffusion simulation, but has the problems of large calculation amount and difficult simulation; the simulation of the box and the similar model has larger uncertainty; the three-dimensional phenomenon transfer model has the problems of complex modeling, high use threshold and the like. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model can better simulate the diffusion conditions of various pollutants by reasonably selecting a turbulence equation, boundary conditions and gas physical properties, and can obtain the real-time concentration distribution, the maximum landing concentration, the influence range and the like of the pollutants by adopting transient simulation, but the simulation precision of the CFD model depends on the grid quality of a pre-treatment established model to a great extent. At present, most CFD simulation technologies establish a two-dimensional leakage model by simplifying a leakage scene to simulate a leakage accident. However, most of sulfur-containing natural gas reservoirs in China are located in mountainous areas, the mountainous areas have complex topography and changeable gas image fields, and the diffusion of sulfur-containing natural gas is greatly influenced, so that a model needs to be established based on real topography to fully consider the influence of topography and meteorological conditions on the diffusion of sulfur-containing natural gas; because the real terrain data volume is large, the model size is large, and the size of a leakage port (mm level) is extremely small relative to the whole calculation domain (km level), the problems are large in the model establishment and the grid division method, and a rapid and convenient modeling method and a grid division method with high grid quality are needed.
In the prior art, response XYZ coordinates are obtained by acquiring topographic data of a digital information model (DEM) and through a longitude and latitude conversion formula. Modeling and grid division are carried out in Gambit by using XYZ coordinates, and the established model and grid are led into CFD FLUENT software for leakage simulation calculation. The prior art has the following defects:
1. as the size of a common sulfur-containing natural gas leakage port is small, and the size of a model established in Gambit software is extremely large, complicated partition division is required in the grid division process, the grid quality cannot be guaranteed, and the simulation calculation requirements cannot be met.
2. In the prior art, generally based on the existing accident information, no good method exists for determining an effective calculation domain, a possible leakage influence range can be covered only by enlarging a calculation domain range, and the enlargement of the calculation domain obviously improves the calculation cost and cannot quickly and conveniently establish a proper calculation domain.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for modeling and simulating toxic gas diffusion based on real terrain, and effectively solve the problems that the existing main shaft gear box lubricating system has long invalid running time, the quality of lubricating oil cannot be guaranteed, especially the problems that the lubricating oil is insufficient due to the fact that the flow change and leakage of the lubricating oil cannot be found and diagnosed in time, the gear transmission system is heated and vibrated, even the gear transmission system is damaged, and the like, so that the running efficiency and the reliability of the main shaft gear box lubricating system are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a real terrain modeling and toxic gas diffusion simulation method comprises the following steps:
acquiring digital geographic data;
obtaining an approximate diffusion range and an approximate concentration distribution of toxic gas leakage under meteorological conditions by utilizing a HYSPLIT model and combining real meteorological field data according to the selected longitude and latitude information, and further determining the range of a calculation domain;
acquiring three-dimensional longitude and latitude and altitude coordinates in the calculation domain according to the range of the calculation domain, and converting the three-dimensional coordinates into coordinates corresponding to a space rectangular coordinate system;
creating points, lines and surfaces through modeling software to obtain a real terrain surface, and constructing a calculation domain surface according to the real terrain surface; constructing a calculation domain body according to the constructed calculation domain surface;
carrying out grid division on the calculation domain body through Design Modler and ANSYS shifting software;
importing the gridding file after gridding division into FLUENT, setting simulation conditions, using a steady-state calculation stable wind field, using transient state to perform leakage simulation, sequentially selecting a solver type, a turbulence model and a component conveying model according to a software flow tree, adding fluid physical properties, setting boundary conditions, setting a proper time step length to perform transient state calculation, and finally observing a leakage influence range and concentration distribution by checking a concentration cloud chart of each species.
The acquiring of the digital geographic data specifically comprises: digital elevation data is obtained from a geological exploration bureau website of the United states, and digital geographic data is extracted through a map viewer.
The approximate diffusion range and the approximate concentration distribution of the toxic gas leakage under the meteorological condition are obtained by inputting the three-dimensional geographic coordinates of the leakage point, the leakage rate and the leakage time in the HYSPLIT model and adding the data including the real meteorological field of the current day.
The calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of all the spatial coordinate points according to the range of the calculation domain comprises the following steps:
creating area primitives according to the range of the calculation domain, digitizing the area primitives, feathering the area primitives, and outputting geographic data to obtain three-dimensional altitude coordinates of the longitude and latitude of the calculation domain;
and according to the three-dimensional altitude coordinate, taking the minimum longitude and latitude point as the origin of a space coordinate system, and calculating by using a formula of converting the three-dimensional altitude coordinate into the space coordinate system to obtain the XYZ coordinates of all space coordinate points in the output calculation domain.
The method for constructing the calculation domain body according to the constructed calculation domain surface specifically comprises the following steps:
generating a calculation domain body through modeling software according to the calculation domain surface; and sketching on an XY plane, determining the size and the position of the leakage port, generating a modifiable calculation domain body, projecting the sketched in the XY plane to the bottom surface of the calculation domain to obtain the leakage port surface, naming the leakage port surface so as to simulate the setting of boundary conditions, and finishing the construction of the calculation domain body.
The grid division adopts an automatic grid division method, an output solver is selected to be FLUENT, grid size setting is carried out, the minimum grid size is ensured to be 1/3 of the diameter of a leakage port, the maximum grid size can be 75-100m, growth factors can be 1.05.1.20 according to needs, tetrahedral grids are automatically generated after setting is completed, and the calculation domain grid division is completed.
The method has the advantages that the topographic data and software for simulating the leakage and diffusion of the gas in the complex terrain are easy to obtain, the operation is simple and quick, the proper simulation domain can be quickly established, the high-quality grid is established, the diffusion of the gas (such as sulfur-containing natural gas) in various conditions can be effectively and accurately simulated, the concentration distribution and the influence range of the gas (such as sulfur-containing natural gas) leakage in the complex terrain under different accident conditions are obtained, and the technical support is provided for the environmental risk management and the emergency response plan of the mining area containing harmful gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a graph showing the range of influence and concentration profile of 5min of HYSPLIT-simulated toxic gas leakage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a graph showing the influence range and concentration profile of a HYSPLIT-simulated toxic gas leak for 25min according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a complex terrain profile effect generated from terrain data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the surface velocity profile for a leak of 10min according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a distribution of the concentration of toxic gas at the time of 10min after the leak according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, in connection with a specific embodiment, the method of the present invention comprises the steps of,
(1) digital geographic data acquisition
Digital Elevation data of 90m DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of SRTM (launch Radar Topographic Mission) with the format of TIFF (spacecraft Radar terrain mapping Mission) and the resolution of 5 degrees multiplied by 5 degrees are obtained from a United states geological exploration service (USGS) website (http:// SRTM. csi. cgiar. org/srtmdata /), and the geographic data are extracted through a Global map viewer.
(2) Pre-simulation
Selecting a desulphurization device of a certain natural gas purification plant in northwest of Sichuan, utilizing a HYSPLIT (hybrid-particulate Langheran Integrated Transmission) control model developed by an Air Resource Laboratory (ARL) of NOAA (National ocean and Atmospheric Administration, United states of America), inputting longitude and latitude coordinates and elevation of a leakage point to be 2m, determining the leakage date and time to be 15:00 in 1 month and 15 month in 2018, setting the leakage rate to be 1kg/s and the leakage time to be 15min, adding real weather field data in the same day, and rapidly obtaining the approximate diffusion range and concentration distribution of the high-sulfur-content natural gas leakage under the weather conditions, wherein the source of the weather field data is NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction center) data AS 1 DEG global assimilating system AS 1 DEG data. Approximate concentration distributions calculated according to the HYSPLIT concentration model are shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), wherein FIG. 2(a) shows that toxic gas rapidly diffuses after 5min of leakage; fig. 2(b) shows that after 10min of leakage stoppage, i.e. 25min of leakage, the toxic gas is under the influence of local then-current meteorological conditions, and the area of influence shifts to the north. Therefore, according to the HYSPLIT pre-simulation result, the accurate range of the calculation domain can be determined.
(3) Coordinate extraction and transformation
Firstly, determining the longitude and latitude of a calculation domain in a Global Mapper, drawing the range of the calculation domain on a map by using a rectangle tool, creating a zone primitive, digitizing the created zone primitive by using a digitizing tool, feathering the zone primitive, outputting geographic data, adjusting output resolution, obtaining a three-dimensional altitude coordinate file of the longitude and latitude of the calculation domain, changing the format of the three-dimensional altitude coordinate file into a text document (.txt), and obtaining XYZ.txt. And importing XYZ.txt into Excel, converting a three-dimensional altitude coordinate into a space coordinate system formula, taking the minimum longitude and latitude point as the origin of the space coordinate system, and calculating in batch by using the formula to obtain XYZ coordinates of all space coordinate points.
The operation method of the primitive of the eclosion area comprises the following steps: and opening a control center in the toolbar, selecting a covering layer where the specific SRTM data of the area graphic element is located, clicking an option → eclosion of the currently selected polygon, and obtaining the topographic map only containing the area graphic element of the calculation area.
The operation method for outputting the geographic data comprises the following steps: click file → output elevation Grid format → XYZ Grid.
The output resolution is selected to default to 0.0008333.
(4) Modeling
Through C language programming, outputting a command file (. jou) required by Gambit of modeling software to sequentially create points, lines and surfaces in Gambit to obtain a true topographic model surface, constructing a calculation domain (drawing a rectangular body) by taking the true topographic surface as the ground according to the size of the true topographic surface, trimming an edge surface through a unit operation, subtracting the surface below the true topographic surface to obtain the calculation domain surrounded by the true topographic surface and an upper region, and finishing the construction of the calculation domain surface as shown in figure 3.
The method comprises the steps of importing a geometric file obtained from Gambit into an ANSYS design nModel geometric module, clicking a Generator To Generate a calculation domain surface, clicking Fill To select the imported calculation domain surface To Generate a calculation domain body, clicking an XY plane To draw a sketch, determining that the size of a leakage port is 100mm and the position of the leakage port is a natural gas purification plant desulfurization device, clicking unfreeze To Generate a modifiable calculation domain body, clicking an extreme, selecting an Imprint face and a To surface, selecting a target surface as a surface on which the leakage port is projected To the calculation domain (projecting the sketch created in the XY plane To the bottom surface of the calculation domain), clicking a generator To obtain a leakage port surface in the calculation domain, naming the leakage port surface To simulate boundary condition setting, and completing construction of the calculation domain body.
(5) Gridding
And (3) importing the calculation domain obtained in the step (4) into ANSYS shifting for grid division, selecting Proximity and Curvature as a size function, selecting FLUENT as an output solver, setting the grid size, wherein the minimum grid size is 1/3 of the diameter of a leakage port, the value is 0.003m, the maximum grid size is 100m, the growth factor is 1.08 as required, clicking the generator after the setting is finished, automatically generating a tetrahedral grid, and finishing the grid division of the calculation domain.
(6) Analog computation
And importing the grid file generated by the operation into FLUENT, selecting a 3D mode on a starting interface, checking parallel computation, and inputting a corresponding core number according to computer configuration. Entering a FLUENT interface, setting simulation conditions according to the sequence of a left task tree, calculating a stable wind field by using a steady state, then simulating leakage by using a transient state, sequentially clicking scale, check and quality report under a mesh column in General, checking a pressure Solver, an absolute velocity equation and steady state calculation under a Solver column, checking the yield, and inputting the result to-9.81 in y. In Models, Energy is chosen, turbulence Model is chosen as standard k-epsilon, Specifes Transport in Specifes Model is chosen, methane-air is chosen in Mix materials. Adding a hydrogen sulfite (H2S) into Material, returning to a specials Transport, selecting Edit, adding H2S into a methane-air system, and adjusting the sequence from small to large according to the mass fraction: H2S, CH4, air. The Cell Zone Conditions setting is kept unchanged. Boundary condition types of all surfaces are set according to simulation Conditions in Boundary Conditions, a computing domain is selected to be in the east direction, a wind speed inlet is set to be a velocity-inlet, the wind speed is 3m/s, turbulence Conditions are that K is 0.00062504, epsilon is 0.00000017, and the temperature is 300K. The ground is set to wall, the leak is set to wall here first, the other three outlets are set to outflow, and the top is set to Symmetry. Selecting a solving method according to needs, using SIMPLE pressure-velocity coupling to solve, adopting a space discrete format to be second-order windward, adopting mixed initialization, carrying out 1000 iterations, and after the steady-state calculation is completed, considering that residual errors are less than 10-3 and converging, thus obtaining the stable wind field in the calculation domain. And then the pressure solver is changed into transient state, the leakage port boundary condition is changed into mass-flow-inlet, the mass flow is 149kg/s, the flow direction is (1, 1, 1), the turbulence parameter is K-151.85531914, epsilon-267329553.65120500, the temperature is 303.15K, the component concentration is H2S-0.1004, CH 4-0.8994, the automatic storage is set to 20 iterations, the time step size is 0.05s, the step number is 12000, the maximum iteration number of each step is 20, and then transient calculation is carried out. After the computation is completed, select Contour in Result to view H2Concentration profile of S, to this modelAnd finishing the calculation. FIG. 4 is a ground velocity distribution diagram after 10min of leakage, the toxic gas presents a free jet state after leakage due to high flow velocity, the velocity decreases with the increase of the flow distance, and the leaked gas starts to shift to the west under the influence of the east wind; fig. 5 is a graph showing the concentration of the toxic gas on the ground after 10min of leakage, and as the velocity of the leakage is large, the toxic gas flows for several kilometers along the leakage direction (northeast), and as the distance increases, the velocity decreases, and then the toxic gas is influenced by the wind, and the leaked toxic gas begins to diffuse in the northwest direction. After the automatic saving and time step are set, the toxic gas concentration of the simulated leakage at any time can be checked through the profile map.
Claims (6)
1. A real terrain modeling and toxic gas diffusion simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring digital geographic data;
obtaining a diffusion range and concentration distribution of toxic gas leakage under meteorological conditions by utilizing a HYSPLIT model and combining real meteorological field data according to the selected longitude and latitude information, and further determining the range of a calculation domain;
acquiring three-dimensional longitude and latitude and altitude coordinates in the calculation domain according to the range of the calculation domain, and converting the three-dimensional longitude and latitude and altitude coordinates into coordinates corresponding to a space rectangular coordinate system;
creating points, lines and surfaces through modeling software to obtain a real terrain surface, and constructing a calculation domain surface according to the real terrain surface; constructing a calculation domain body according to the constructed calculation domain surface;
carrying out grid division on the calculation domain body through Design Modler and ANSYS shifting software;
importing the gridding file after gridding division into FLUENT, setting simulation conditions, using a steady state to calculate a stable wind field, using a transient state to perform leakage simulation, sequentially selecting a solver type, a turbulence model and a component conveying model according to a software flow tree, adding fluid physical properties, setting boundary conditions, setting time step length to perform transient calculation, and finally observing leakage influence range and concentration distribution by checking concentration nephograms of various species.
2. The method for modeling and toxic gas diffusion simulation based on real terrain according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring digital geographic data specifically comprises: digital elevation data is obtained from a geological exploration bureau website of the United states, and digital geographic data is extracted through a map viewer.
3. The real-terrain modeling and toxic gas diffusion simulation method based on the claim 1, wherein the diffusion range and concentration distribution of the toxic gas-containing leakage under meteorological conditions are obtained by inputting the three-dimensional geographic coordinates of the leakage point, the leakage rate and the leakage time in the HYSPLIT model and adding the data including the real meteorological field of the day.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of all spatial coordinate points according to the range of the calculation domain comprises the steps of:
creating area primitives according to the range of the calculation domain, digitizing the area primitives, feathering the area primitives, and outputting geographic data to obtain three-dimensional altitude coordinates of the longitude and latitude of the calculation domain;
and according to the three-dimensional altitude coordinate, taking the minimum longitude and latitude point as the origin of a space coordinate system, and calculating by using a formula of converting the three-dimensional altitude coordinate into the space coordinate system to obtain the XYZ coordinates of all space coordinate points in the output calculation domain.
5. The method for modeling based on real terrain and simulating toxic gas diffusion according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the computational domain body according to the constructed computational domain surface comprises the following steps:
generating a calculation domain body through modeling software according to the calculation domain surface; and sketching on an XY plane, determining the size and the position of the leakage port, generating a modifiable calculation domain body, projecting the sketched in the XY plane to the bottom surface of the calculation domain to obtain the leakage port surface, naming the leakage port surface so as to simulate the setting of boundary conditions, and finishing the construction of the calculation domain body.
6. The method for modeling based on real terrain and simulating diffusion of toxic gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the meshing is performed by an automatic meshing method, an output solver is selected as FLUENT, the mesh size is set, the minimum mesh size is 1/3 of the diameter of a leakage port, the maximum mesh size is 75-100m, the growth factor is 1.05-1.20 as required, and after the setting is completed, a tetrahedral mesh is automatically generated, so that the meshing in the computational domain is completed.
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| CN112765905B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-09-02 | 西南交通大学 | Method for detecting virus killing quality of ventilating duct |
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