CN111783208B

CN111783208B - Bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology

Info

Publication number: CN111783208B
Application number: CN202010633955.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢士军; 赵玉华; 杨巍; 朱旭阳; 王刚; 杨凝紫; 张印贵; 李霖; 赖永刚
Original assignee: Beijing Capital Road Development Group Co ltd; BEIJING GONGLIAN JIEDA HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING CO LTD
Current assignee: Beijing Capital Road Development Group Co ltd; BEIJING GONGLIAN JIEDA HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING CO LTD
Priority date: 2020-07-02
Filing date: 2020-07-02
Publication date: 2024-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-02
Also published as: CN111783208A

Abstract

The invention discloses a bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology, which comprises the following steps: displaying concrete bridge maintenance management information through a bridge maintenance management module; displaying concrete information of bridge maintenance decision through a maintenance decision module; displaying bridge health monitoring specific information through a health monitoring module; displaying bridge emergency management specific information through an emergency management module; displaying bridge resource management specific information through a resource management module; displaying bridge electromechanical facility management specific information through an electromechanical facility management module; displaying bridge detection management specific information through a detection management module; and integrating all the information through the BIM informatization management module, thereby completing the display of the bridge maintenance electronic BIM model. According to the invention, through the combination of the electronic display manual and the BIM, the specific maintenance management of the bridge is subjected to omnibearing overall system demonstration description; the informatization and intelligent degree of the bridge operation and maintenance decision system is realized, so that the bridge operation and maintenance decision is more scientific.

Description

Bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge detection and safety evaluation, in particular to a bridge maintenance electronic display method based on a BIM technology.

Background

At present, the operation and maintenance technology requirements of bridge infrastructures are gradually enhanced, and the operation and maintenance work still adopts modes of manual detection, empirical decision and treatment, so that the problems of low detection efficiency, low speed, easiness in being influenced by human factors, disease detection deviation, difficulty in forming a chain for analysis of detection document data, difficulty in accurate visual presentation of maintenance data dispersion and diseases and the like exist. The method can not be well adapted to the current progress of informatization engineering, so that the maintenance decision in the later period of the bridge lacks the most basic accurate and comprehensive maintenance data.

The existing authorized invention patent (the name is a detection method of an operation bridge multi-source detection system based on BIM, the application number is CN 201811067052.5), and the unmanned aerial vehicle and the three-dimensional laser detection technology are integrated and applied to bridge disease detection based on the BIM technology, so that the bridge inspection efficiency and the bridge inspection precision are greatly improved; the defect of insufficient precision of the existing hardware equipment is overcome to a certain extent; the invention greatly improves the operation and maintenance inspection efficiency of the bridge, realizes the informatization and the intelligentization degree of the operation and maintenance decision system of the bridge, and makes the operation and maintenance decision of the bridge more scientific.

However, the scheme cannot truly meet the specific maintenance management of all aspects of the bridge, and because the specific maintenance management of the bridge is one of the most important links of the safe operation of the road network at the present stage, the bridge maintenance management in the prior art basically stays in the steps of establishing technical files, cleaning the bridge, dredging the drain pipe, repairing damaged railings and paving the bridge deck, and the specific maintenance management of the bridge is not updated in an omnibearing overall system, so that the requirements of actual engineering cannot be met. In the prior art, detailed display of concrete maintenance management contents of the bridge is not possible. The presentation method is not employed including a summary of the film head animation, a text description, a BIM model of the overall maintenance content, and an animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and the maintenance flow.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, such as: the prior art cannot truly meet the specific maintenance management of all aspects of the bridge, and because the specific maintenance management of the bridge is one of the most important links of the safe operation of the road network at the present stage, the prior art basically stays in the construction of technical files, the cleaning of the bridge, the dredging of a drain pipe and the repair of damaged rails and bridge deck pavement for the bridge maintenance management, and the requirements of actual engineering cannot be met without the upgrade and innovation of the omnibearing overall system for the specific maintenance management of the bridge. And the concrete maintenance management content of the bridge cannot be displayed in detail. The display method comprises a film head animation summary, a text description, a BIM model of the whole maintenance content and an animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and the maintenance flow.

The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology comprises the following steps:

displaying concrete bridge maintenance management information through a bridge maintenance management module;

displaying concrete information of bridge maintenance decision through a maintenance decision module;

displaying bridge health monitoring specific information through a health monitoring module;

displaying bridge emergency management specific information through an emergency management module;

displaying bridge resource management specific information through a resource management module;

displaying bridge electromechanical facility management specific information through an electromechanical facility management module;

displaying bridge detection management specific information through a detection management module;

the BIM information management module integrates all information displayed by the bridge maintenance management module, the maintenance decision module, the health monitoring module, the emergency management module, the resource management module, the electromechanical facility management module and the detection management module, and builds a BIM model of the bridge, so that bridge maintenance electronic BIM model display is completed;

wherein, bridge maintenance management module demonstrates bridge maintenance management specific information includes following steps:

displaying maintenance items and blanking items within 24 hours found by daily detection in preventive maintenance and repair of slightly damaged parts of the bridge through a daily maintenance engineering unit;

The maintenance and repair of the main bridge, the approach bridge, the wiring road and the auxiliary facilities are shown to be carried out in a good and good state through the minor repair engineering unit, so that the daily maintenance is slightly damaged;

the regular repair and reinforcement of general abrasion and local damage of main bridges, approach bridges, wiring roads and auxiliary facilities are shown through the middle repair engineering unit;

the major repair engineering units are used for showing the periodic comprehensive maintenance of major damages of main bridges, approach bridges, wiring roads and auxiliary facilities, or carrying out local improvement and individual building within the range of the original technical grade;

engineering measures for restoring or improving the original functions of the bridge and auxiliary facilities thereof by using permanent measures are shown through special engineering units;

preventive work on major damages to the bridge and auxiliary facilities thereof caused by irresistible abnormal climate or other abnormal conditions is shown through the emergency repair engineering unit, and the assault emergency repair of the bridge is ensured to be safe and smooth;

wherein, show bridge maintenance decision specific information through maintenance decision module includes following steps:

displaying related information for curing the steel structure anti-corrosion plate of the bridge through the steel structure anti-corrosion curing unit;

Displaying related information for curing the steel structure weld plate of the bridge through a steel structure weld curing unit;

displaying relevant information for curing the girder plates of the bridge through a girder curing unit;

displaying relevant information for curing the cable tower plates of the bridge through a cable tower curing unit;

displaying relevant information for curing the inhaul cable plates of the bridge through the inhaul cable curing unit;

displaying relevant information for curing the bridge deck system plate of the bridge through a bridge deck system curing unit;

displaying related information for curing the support system plate of the bridge through a support system curing unit;

displaying related information for curing the bridge lower structure plate through the bridge lower structure curing unit;

displaying related information for curing the electromechanical system plates of the bridge through the electromechanical system curing unit;

displaying relevant information for curing the pedestrian suspension bridge plate of the bridge through a pedestrian suspension bridge curing unit;

wherein, show bridge health monitoring specific information through health monitoring module includes following steps:

displaying and monitoring the related information of the load and the environment of the bridge through the load and environment monitoring unit;

Displaying related information of the structural integral response of the monitoring bridge through the structural integral response monitoring unit;

displaying related information of the structural local response of the monitoring bridge through the structural local response monitoring unit;

the bridge emergency management specific information is displayed through the emergency management module, and the method comprises the following steps of:

displaying an emergency plan of the bridge to be brought into the bridge maintenance management system through an emergency plan unit, and automatically distributing tasks to corresponding responsible persons according to weather information and emergency events;

various material information, supplier information and corresponding standing accounts for managing disaster prevention, rescue and traffic dredging are displayed through the material management unit;

the personnel management unit is used for displaying and managing emergency management personnel, all levels of post responsibility systems, on-duty conditions and standby duty systems;

wherein, show bridge resource management specific information through resource management module includes following steps:

basic information, posts, responsibilities, job entering and job leaving systems of common staff are displayed and managed through a staff information management unit;

basic information, responsible persons, use states and maintenance records of the mechanical equipment are displayed and managed through the equipment information management unit;

Displaying, by the funds management unit, an application, use, plan, and settlement for managing funds;

wherein, show bridge electromechanical facility management specific information through electromechanical facility management module includes following steps:

basic attributes/parameters of the electromechanical facilities are displayed, managed and recorded through a facility parameter management unit, and maintenance planning management and maintenance records are carried out;

displaying an operation manual and a use instruction for managing the listed facilities by an operation instruction management unit;

displaying and managing the overhaul plan of the establishment through an overhaul plan management unit;

displaying, managing and recording the maintenance conditions of the facilities through a maintenance management unit;

the bridge detection management specific information is displayed through the detection management module, and the method comprises the following steps of:

the dispatch, management and recording of the frequent detection task are displayed and managed through the frequent detection management unit;

the dispatch, management and recording of the periodic detection task are displayed and managed through the periodic detection management unit;

the distribution, management and recording of the book detection task are displayed and managed through the special detection management unit.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the steel structure anti-corrosion maintenance unit are as follows:

Determining a coating system which needs to be subjected to corrosion protection maintenance of the steel structure;

determining a coating requirement;

and carrying out coating work on the coating system.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the steel structure welding seam maintenance unit are as follows:

obvious marks are made when the weld joint cracks are found; reporting the condition immediately when the member is in an unqualified state due to the cracking of the welding seam, analyzing the cracking reason, evaluating the structural risk, making a maintenance scheme and repairing in time;

repairing common welding seams and important welding seams in time; the weld cracking repair is completed by special welding personnel, and the repaired weld is listed in periodic detection content in future.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the cable tower maintenance unit are as follows:

cleaning dirt on the surface of the cable tower regularly, keeping the member clean, keeping the cleaned dirt in a drain hole or a drain tank, keeping the interior of the cable tower dry and free of accumulated water, checking a water source if accumulated water is found, and timely discharging accumulated water;

for the welded components, if cracks, unfused, slag inclusion and unfilled defects are found at the welding seams, repair welding is carried out, and the welded welding seams are immediately and uniformly relief-ground; when the cable tower cracks are found, the crack reasons are investigated, and holes can be drilled at the ends of the cracks to prevent the cracks from continuing, and the cable tower cracks are further observed.

Further, the concrete contents shown by the bridge deck system maintenance unit are as follows:

relevant information of maintenance and repair of bridge deck pavement;

relevant information of maintenance and repair of bridge deck guardrails and railings;

relevant information of maintenance and repair of the telescopic device;

and (5) carrying out maintenance and repair related information on the drainage system.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the support system maintenance unit are as follows:

the main bridge support and the limiting device are maintained regularly, and the maintenance and repair principle of the support is to ensure that the support can maintain expected stress and deformation performance;

when the support and the limiting device find defects and faults, the support and the limiting device are maintained in time, and the support and the limiting device are replaced in time when damaged or reach the preset service life specified in the national industry standard or the product use instruction;

the spherical support is cleaned of dust and replaced with lubricating oil once every year;

keeping the lower part of the main span expansion joint dry;

the rust-proof grease on the surface of the vertical limit pull rod is replaced regularly;

carrying out daily maintenance on the support;

during the use period of the support, the support is regularly inspected, maintained and repaired once a year;

the coating of the support and the upper and lower structural connecting pieces is inspected regularly, and the processing thickness of the anchor bolts and the sleeves in the connecting pieces is 6-8 mm;

When the support needs to be replaced, determining the model and pier number of the support, and arranging manufacturers to process and produce the support with the same model, wherein the height of the support is consistent with the installation size of an anchoring bolt; the traffic flow and the load of the abutment position of the support are properly controlled, the jack with corresponding load is arranged around the support, and the arranged position of the jack cannot prevent the disassembly and the installation of the support.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the bridge substructure maintenance unit are as follows:

when the surface of the concrete is eroded and peeled off, honeycomb pitted surfaces and other diseases occur, surrounding chiseling is timely carried out for surface protection;

if the special-shaped bridge pier protective coating is peeled off, firstly finding out whether the internal stress of the special-shaped bridge pier protective coating has great change, and then repairing the special-shaped bridge pier protective coating in time;

when the surface cracks or the protective layers of the special-shaped bridge piers and the bearing platforms are peeled off, repairing is carried out in time;

removing moss, weeds and other sundries on the surface of the bearing platform in time;

the foundation of the bridge is ensured to be complete and stable;

the construction should meet relevant standards or regulations in the vicinity of the foundation.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the electromechanical system maintenance unit are as follows:

relevant information of cable and pipeline maintenance, relevant information of barrier-free vertical lifting elevator maintenance, relevant information of maintenance of an overhaul elevator in a steel tower, relevant information of maintenance of a beam bottom overhaul vehicle, relevant information of maintenance of a lighting system, relevant information of a dehumidification system in a steel box of the steel tower, relevant information of radar monitoring maintenance and relevant information of maintenance of a grounding system.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the pedestrian bridge maintenance unit are as follows:

the pedestrian bridge adopts a manual step inspection mode to check once a day, temporary protection measures are immediately taken when the potential safety hazard is found, and the potential safety hazard is eliminated within 24 hours; the various diseases are found to be maintained in time, and maintained according to the original design standard, and the used materials and construction quality are required to meet the maintenance requirements.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the technical scheme has the advantages that the scheme is designed specifically for the concrete maintenance management of all aspects of the bridge, and because the concrete maintenance management of the bridge is one of the most important links of the safe operation of the road network at the present stage, the scheme carries out comprehensive upgrade on the bridge maintenance management, and carries out upgrade and innovation of the comprehensive overall system on the concrete maintenance management of the bridge by combining with the BIM modeling technology, thereby meeting the requirements of actual engineering. Namely, all information is associated with BIM, so that full life cycle application based on BIM is realized, the platform contains static data and dynamic data during maintenance, wherein the static data contains construction data, design stage data, construction stage data and the like; the dynamic data comprise maintenance process data, bridge health monitoring data and the like, and also comprise a disease library, wherein the disease library is accumulated for a long time to form a big data analysis platform for bridge maintenance. Is a maintenance management platform which embodies full life cycle application based on BIM technology.

The innovation point of the scheme is that the display method comprises a film head animation summary, a text description, a BIM model of the whole maintenance content and an animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and the maintenance flow by combining an electronic display manual and BIM; the informatization and intelligent degree of the bridge operation and maintenance decision system is realized, so that the bridge operation and maintenance decision is more scientific.

One innovation point of the scheme is that the full-scale overall system demonstration description process is carried out on the concrete maintenance management of the bridge,

the display method comprises the steps of film head animation summary, text description, BIM model of the whole maintenance content, and animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and maintenance flow, and panoramic display; and the user can check the concrete maintenance management of the bridge through the mobile terminal (mobile phone, personal computer, etc.) to carry out the demonstration description of the omnibearing whole system; and the network platform PC end and the mobile phone end are combined with the cloud roaming technology to complete the display of the bridge maintenance electronic BIM model.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the method of example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the organization structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a daily inspection maintenance mode in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a work organization of a minor repair project according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a maintenance management flow in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 to 5, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, a bridge maintenance electronic display method based on a BIM technology includes the following steps:

The display method comprises a film head animation summary, a text description, a BIM model of the whole maintenance content, and an animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and the maintenance flow.

Example 2:

based on the embodiment 1, a bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology is refined into the following parts:

1. information management;

and the information query module is used for collecting all other data in the system. The data types are divided into two types, static data (data before bridging) and dynamic data (data entered after bridging). By binding to the model building, clicking on the model can view all relevant data for the component, such as: positioning, attribute information, construction unit information, responsible person information, supplier information, inspection records, disease information, maintenance records and the like;

information management is divided into: design information, construction information and maintenance information;

1.1, the design information reflects the basic parameters of the component, coding and other information;

1.2 construction information;

construction information reference that can be considered is: the method comprises the steps of material suppliers, processing time, hoisting completion time, quality inspection information, construction units, responsible persons, construction general inspection records, hidden engineering inspection records, intermediate inspection handover records, civil engineering special construction records, foundation treatment records, foundation boring records, pile foundation construction records, concrete stirring measurement record list, concrete maintenance temperature measurement record list, concrete mixing ratio record list and the like.

1.3, the maintenance information can inquire the corresponding components, the selected components can also inquire the corresponding maintenance content, the method, the frequency, the current state, the inspection record, the disease information, the maintenance record and the like, and prompt the next maintenance time and take charge of groups and responsible persons;

curing objects: corrosion prevention maintenance of a steel structure, welding line maintenance of a steel structure, maintenance of an upper structure (a main beam, a cable tower and a guy cable) of a main bridge, maintenance of a bridge deck system, maintenance of a support system, maintenance of a lower structure of a bridge, maintenance of electromechanical facilities and maintenance of a pedestrian bridge;

1.3.1 organization;

as shown in fig. 2, the construction organization, personnel and related responsibility information are reflected as the basis for pushing the task to the department or individual.

The project department is provided with an engineering technical room, a safety quality room, an operation management room, a machine equipment room and a comprehensive office.

Project department personnel configuration, project department management personnel input 20 people in total, wherein 1 project manager and 5 people in each department owner. Setting 2 persons of bridge structure maintenance engineers, 1 person of road structure engineers, 1 person of bridge electromechanical maintenance engineers, 3 persons of technicians, 1 person of datamen, 1 person of safety officers, 1 person of quality inspectors, 1 person of contract administrators, 1 person of datamen, 1 person of equipment administrators and 1 person of office staff.

Job team personnel equipment: the working teams are put into 42 persons in total, wherein 4 persons in daily inspection teams, 6 persons in bridge electromechanical maintenance teams, 6 persons in bridge monitoring and supervision teams, 15 persons in maintenance and emergency teams, 4 persons in logistical support staff, 2 persons in mechanical maintenance staff and 5 persons in engineering operation drivers.

1.3.2 device information;

and the equipment inquiry module can inquire the model number, the supplier information, responsible units/personnel, replacement records and the like of equipment.

1. Mechanical, vehicle and equipment configurations;

in addition, aiming at the structural characteristics of the eternal river bridge, water supply and fire prevention equipment and other special tools for common maintenance mechanical equipment are also needed: such as electric welding machines, grinding machines, cutting machines, rust removers, small jacks, guide chains, pulleys, steel wire ropes, jacks, crowbars, ropes, various wrenches, inspection ladders, scaffold boards, hand-propelled building hopper cars and the like.

2. Configuring an instrument;

(1) Displacement measurement

Total station, accurate level, theodolite, electronic displacement scanner, percentage table, amesdial, electronic displacement meter, magnetism gauge stand, 30m steel tape measure.

(2) Strain testing

Static resistance strain gauge, dynamic resistance strain gauge, auxiliary power supply voltage stabilizing equipment, junction box, etc.

(3) Structural dynamic performance test

891 type accelerometer and amplifier, servo type accelerometer and amplifier, tape recorder and dynamic signal analyzer

(4) Concrete measuring instrument

Resiliometer, ultrasonic instrument, reading microscope, magnifying glass, high-power telescope, miner's lamp and emergency lamp

(5) Film thickness measuring instrument

Film thickness detector

(6) Data recording instrument

Cameras, video recorders, microcomputers, scanners, printers, slide projectors, anemometers, thermometers, hygrometers.

3. Material arrangement

Bridge anti-collision railing, pavement bricks, steel bridge anticorrosive paint, lighting lamp, vulnerable electric elements and the like which are necessary for daily maintenance and emergency.

1.3.3 inspection records

Description of the functions: and recording the checking and monitoring results of each item of content in the design information.

1.3.4 disease information

Description of the functions: the number of disease components, the discovery date, the specific position, the number, the disease form and the extent range and the like are recorded, and the disease components are described by using professional terms.

1.3.5 maintenance records

Description of the functions: and recording maintenance of various contents in the design information and emergency repair results of various emergency incidents.

2. Patrol management

Description of the functions: the patrol objects are associated with the model construction; scheduling inspection tasks; the inspection task is automatically dispatched; the mobile phone end is linked with the platform end, and a required inspection record list is automatically generated after the input; when the inspection process finds that maintenance and minor repair are needed, the whole management flow is realized.

Secondary menu: inspection task, maintenance management and minor repair engineering

Description: the inspection management refers to daily inspection, and the daily inspection is focused on influencing road and bridge operation safety, traffic safety and diseases of road and domain environments. The daily inspection is divided into three types of daily inspection, night inspection and special inspection, and the key points and the period frequency of each type of inspection are different according to actual conditions.

2.1 inspection task

Description of the functions: the dispatching, management and recording of daily inspection tasks are realized, and the system automatically generates an inspection record list.

Daily inspection

The main content is as follows: the inspection stay cable and the full bridge vibration condition, bridge deck pavement, steel beam bottom, expansion joints, guardrails (railings), traffic sign marks, bridge deck drainage systems, bridge deck lighting, dehumidification equipment and other running states and the like; checking and removing road surface pollution and roadblocks; checking the progress and safety of maintenance operation.

Patrol frequency: not less than once a day (changing severe rain and snow weather into special examination).

The inspection method comprises the following steps: the walking inspection mode (walking or riding a bicycle) is adopted, 1-2 people are wearing the reflective vest every day, the road is inspected, the change condition of the technical condition of the road is mastered, and the daily inspection record table is filled. The defects that the road surface has pits and the like and affects the driving safety are found, and safety dredging measures should be adopted as soon as possible.

Night patrol

The main content is as follows: the light reflection and integrity at primary patrol signs, graticules, delineators, etc., and the night lighting of bridge areas (including landscapes). And fills in a night patrol record table, and is shown. Patrol frequency: not less than once a week.

Note that: after natural disasters such as heavy rain, heavy snow, earthquake and the like occur or abnormal conditions possibly causing great damage to bridges and auxiliary facilities thereof occur, the main tower, the main beam, the guy ropes, the drainage facilities or damaged parts are comprehensively inspected. Inspection is performed within 12 hours after the end of a natural disaster or an abnormal situation, and inspection (taking steps as a main part) is required to carry road management data, measurement instruments (cameras, tape measures), safety instruments (cone marks, safety signboards, etc.). And the communication is required to be kept smooth, and the emergency situation is reported in time.

2.2 maintenance management

Description of the functions: the inspection process has a maintenance mode, and the functional design is shown in fig. 3.

2.3 minor repair works

Description of the functions: the inspection process also has a minor repair engineering mode, and the functional design is shown in fig. 4.

3. Detection management

Description of the functions: monitoring management includes regular testing, periodic testing, and special testing. Detecting that the object is associated with the model construction; the detection task is automatically dispatched; the mobile phone end is linked with the platform end, and a required detection record list is automatically generated after the input;

Secondary menu: frequent detection, periodic detection and special detection;

3.1 frequent testing

Description of the functions: and the dispatching, management and recording of the detection tasks are realized, and the system automatically generates a detection record table.

The regular inspection mainly refers to the appearance inspection of the technical condition of the main structure and the auxiliary structure, and the on-site record of each inspection should be filled in and arranged in time, and a photo and an explanation of typical diseases are provided. The description of disease conditions includes the type, location and number of diseases, and the description should be made by using technical terms.

The frequent inspection report should include the following:

a. time, method, scope, etc. of bridge inspection.

b. The disease type, defect position, defect range and maintenance and minor repair engineering quantity of each part of the bridge.

c. The bridge needs maintenance and repair comments and suggestions.

d. Other items and reasons to be described.

Checking frequency: the frequent checking should be no less than once daily.

The working flow is as follows:

a. before daily patrol, the part to be patrol on the same day should be planned.

b. The inspection sequence is sequentially carried out from the bridge abutment to the other bridge abutment, and the specific positions and the number of diseases are determined by disease records and the photos are attached. The inspection information is recorded in a table of cable-stayed bridge frequent inspection record table.

3.2 periodic detection

Description of the functions: and the dispatching, management and recording of the detection task are realized.

The periodic inspection refers to comprehensive inspection and grade assessment of the technical condition of the main structure of the bridge and the auxiliary structure thereof, the scope and date mark of various damages found in the bridge inspection should be clear, and the damage cause and degree of the damage are found and difficult to be known, and the damage condition is recorded and attached by photographing. According to the disease characteristics, a marker pen can be used for marking a disease range or drawing a crack trend and the like, and the number of disease components, the discovery date, the specific position, the disease form and degree range and the like are recorded.

Periodic inspection can be classified into regular periodic inspection and structural periodic inspection.

Regular periodic detection frequency: once a year.

The periodic detection of the structure should be performed at a prescribed period: the urban bridge maintained in class I is preferably maintained for 1-2 years.

Conventional periodic detection mode: in addition to the usual inspection equipment and tools, the visual inspection (appearance inspection) is mainly performed, and measurement instruments such as an endoscope should be provided in combination with actual needs.

Regular periodic detection of direction and order

1) The detection direction is as follows: the longitudinal bridge direction is preferably performed in the mileage increasing direction, and the transverse bridge Xiang Yi is preferably performed from right to left.

2) The detection sequence is as follows: upper structure above deck slab → upper structure below deck slab → lower structure. The bridge elements are preferably inspected in the order listed below.

3.3 Special detection

The special inspection is to find out the damage cause of the bridge, identify the defect condition, bearing capacity and disaster resistance of the bridge structural material, evaluate the technical condition of the bridge and put forward the work of countermeasure. Special inspections are classified into special inspections and emergency inspections.

(1) Special examination: based on the results of the regular and regular inspection, the member for which the cause of damage, the degree of defect, or the usability is to be further identified is subjected to special works such as field test detection, calculation, analysis, and the like for the disease.

(2) Emergency inspection: when the bridge is damaged by disasters, emergency measures are taken and the structure is organized to restore traffic in order to find out the damage condition, and detailed inspection and identification work is performed on the structure.

Grade and maintenance countermeasure for bridge technical condition:

1) And in the first category, the state is good or good, and normal maintenance is carried out.

2) And secondly, the state is better or worse, and the overhaul is carried out.

3) Three types, poor or bad status, and overhaul.

4) Four categories, bad or dangerous status, overhaul or improvement.

4. Maintenance management

The maintenance engineering is divided into six types of daily maintenance engineering, minor repair engineering, middle repair engineering, major repair engineering, special engineering and emergency repair engineering according to the properties, the scale and the technical difficulty.

Description of the functions: and (5) making a daily maintenance plan and engineering maintenance, and distributing maintenance tasks. The specific engineering flow is shown in fig. 5.

Secondary menu: daily maintenance, minor repair maintenance, middle repair engineering, major repair engineering, special engineering and emergency repair engineering.

4.1 daily maintenance

The main work is preventive maintenance and repair of a slightly damaged portion thereof, 24-hour maintenance items found by daily inspection, blanking items, and the like.

4.2 maintenance of small repair

Daily maintenance engineering projects such as preventive maintenance and repair of slight damage and the like for keeping a main bridge, an approach bridge, a wiring road and auxiliary facilities in a good and good state frequently.

4.3 middle repair works

Regular repair and reinforcement of general wear and partial damage of main bridges, approach bridges, wiring roads and auxiliary facilities is performed to restore the original condition of the small engineering project.

4.4 overhaul project

The method is characterized by comprising the steps of periodically and comprehensively maintaining the major damages of a main bridge, an approach bridge, a wiring road and auxiliary facilities to comprehensively restore the technical condition of the original design standard, or carrying out local improvement and individual building within the range of the original technical grade to gradually improve the engineering project of the traffic capacity.

4.5 project

The engineering measures are used for recovering or improving the original functions of the bridge and auxiliary facilities thereof by using permanent measures, such as engineering projects of bridge reinforcement, important component replacement and the like.

4.6 rush repair engineering

The method refers to preventive work and assault rush repair engineering which are carried out on a bridge and auxiliary facilities thereof possibly caused by serious damages caused by irresistible abnormal climates (such as water damage, earthquake, storm, ice and snow and the like) or other abnormal conditions, and ensures the safety and smoothness of the bridge.

5. Monitoring management

Description of the functions:

(1) Real-time monitoring for 24 hours: and the data of the butt joint sensor and the monitor equipment are collected, so that 24-hour real-time monitoring on the state and safe operation of the bridge structure is realized.

(2) Hierarchical early warning: when the data is abnormal, the system triggers a corresponding alarm mechanism to inform the user and highlight an abnormal point on the interface.

Secondary menu: health monitoring and safety monitoring;

5.1 health monitoring

The monitoring categories are divided into: load, environment, overall structural response and local structural response;

5.2 safety monitoring

Video monitoring system, information prompt screen, broadcasting system, overload vehicle weighing (gross weight, single axle weight), reposition of redundant personnel suggestion snapshot system.

6. Health assessment analysis

Secondary menu: disease knowledge base, hazard assessment and early warning mechanism;

6.1 disease knowledge base

And diseases of different structures and parts are described by applying technical terms and accompanying pictures.

6.2 hazard assessment

6.3 Pre-alarm mechanism

And carrying out three-level early warning aiming at the disease form, type and degree.

7. Maintenance decision

Description of the functions: namely a maintenance scheme library, which can inquire the maintenance schemes of different structures and parts; comprises a maintenance period, a maintenance method, a process flow, an acceptance inspection method and the like. (this section requires extraction of maintenance Manual 3-12 chapter contents)

Secondary menu: corrosion-proof maintenance of steel structure, weld maintenance of steel structure, main beam maintenance, cable tower maintenance, cable maintenance,

Bridge deck system maintenance, support system maintenance, substructure maintenance, electromechanical system maintenance, and pedestrian suspension bridge maintenance

7.1 Corrosion protection maintenance of Steel Structure

7.1.1 coating systems

7.1.2 coating requirements

(1) The steel structure inspection comprises two aspects of coating inspection and rust inspection.

(2) The steel structure is periodically tested for coating damage, adhesion and rust degree of the steel structure. Wherein the coating should meet the adhesion requirements. The adhesion force between the primer and the steel plate should be measured during recoating, and the interlayer adhesion force should be measured by adopting a notch adhesive tape method.

(3) The paints of each coating must be compatible and adhere reliably.

(4) The inner surface of the closed steel box should be treated with the steel surface before the primer is applied. The intact part of the shop primer is subjected to sand sweeping treatment to remove foreign matters on the surface; the damage of the shop primer and the manual rust removal near the welding line reach St3 level.

(6) The surface of the steel structure should be clean and dry, and the steel structure should be re-dried after rain. The surface of the coating is not subject to diseases such as bubbles, sagging, brushing patterns, falling off and the like, and the adhesive force requirement is required to be met.

(7) The coating material is preferably a material with the original design or performance index not lower than the original design, and the new paint has good matching property with the original coating material.

(8) The color of the finish paint adopts matte white.

(9) Coating construction is not suitable for rainy days, foggy days, snowy days and humidity of more than 85%. The ambient temperature is preferably controlled between 5-38deg.C during coating.

(10) After the damage detection of the steel structure coating is finished, the detection position is subjected to local recoating.

7.1.3 coating method

(1) Steel structure anti-corrosion coating maintenance system for steel box girder, steel tower and other structures according to table

The maintenance and repair can be divided into two methods of partial recoating and full recoating.

(2) When the coating state and the rust degree of the maintenance management unit are both of a qualified grade, the maintenance management unit can be partially recoated.

(3) When the coating state or the rust degree of the maintenance management unit reaches the unqualified level, the maintenance management unit should be comprehensively recoated.

(1) Coating process flow

And (3) cleaning the bottom, removing rust, painting (including primer coating and finish coating), and checking and accepting.

(2) Bottom cleaning rust removal

1) The bottoming should be performed according to the following table specifications. The Sa2.5 or St3 grade is achieved according to different requirements, and the edges of the reserved coating should be polished to form a groove of 50-80 mm.

2) The bottom cleaning is to remove grease, dirt and oxide skin on the surface of the steel member, and then polishing is carried out until the exposed surface has no rust and powdery phenomena. When the rust degree is general and the intermediate paint is still in a good state (such as color change and chalking), the method for removing the finishing paint can be adopted.

3) Rust removal method

a. Manual rust removal

The steel stiffening beam is provided with rust points or rust blocks and oxide scales, and can be knocked by a sharp nozzle or a flat-mouth hammer, and the hammer mouth is not required to be sharpened so as not to hurt the plane of the steel plate. Typically the rust layer is brushed off with a wire brush. Hand rust removal tools typically include blades, scrapers, rust hammers, wire brushes, abrasive cloths, and the like. The crack or pit is rusted, rusted or electric welding slag can be knocked by a sharp-end or flat-mouth flat-end rusting hammer. After the rust layer, rust blocks and pits are treated by tools such as a shovel blade, the rust layer, the rust blocks and the pits can be brushed for several times by using a steel wire brush in a transverse and vertical crossing manner. The steel wires are 28-30 steel wires, and a coarse steel wire brush is not needed. After brushing by a steel wire brush, cleaning rust ash by cotton yarn, and then wiping by turpentine adhered by cloth.

b. Mechanical rust removal

The common tools for mechanical rust removal comprise a portable electric grinding wheel, an electric or pneumatic steel wire wheel and a pneumatic rust remover with needle bundles. The former three are suitable for the plane of girder steel, and the latter is suitable for crooked, narrow, rugged surface and angular seam department.

c. Spray rust removal treatment

The spraying treatment method for rust removal of steel comprises dry sand blasting, wet sand blasting, dry and wet mixed sand blasting, shot blasting and other processes. The spray rust removal can remove rust layers, oxide skin, rust layers and old paint skin on the metal surface can be completely removed due to impact and collision or high-pressure impact of sand grains, a silvery white metal surface is displayed, a rough surface with micropores is formed through impact friction, and the adhesive force and the bonding force of a coating and the metal can be enhanced, so that the metal protection capability of the coating is enhanced.

4) Surface cleaning requirements of steel structures

(3) Painting work

1) After the bottom cleaning operation is finished, the primer coating should be performed as soon as possible. The intervals generally must not exceed 24 hours, such as exceeding 24 hours, and the unprimed portions should be re-primed.

2) The surface drying and actual drying time of the priming paint should meet the requirements of the product specification, and the shortest interval between each priming paint is in accordance with the technical standard. The shortest time interval between two coats of paint is controlled to be about 12 hours.

3) And (3) carrying out finish paint re-coating, namely carrying out 2-pass finish paint re-coating on the part with the intermediate paint exposed and carrying out 1-pass finish paint re-coating on the part without the intermediate paint exposed.

4) When recoating, the weld joint, corners and the parts which are not easy to brush should be precoated. The dry film thickness should be measured after each paint is dried, and the defect should be repaired to the specified thickness, for example, the damage on the surface of the paint film should be repaired in time.

(4) Acceptance requirement

1) The surface of the steel structure should be smooth, and the surface of the steel must be carefully cleaned of the oxide scale, welding slag, weld scar, dust, burrs, rust, greasy dirt and other pollutants before coating construction. Polishing the welding line, and rounding the sharp corner part, wherein R=2mm. The spray or shot rust removal grade was Sa2.5 (visual assessment of the surface cleanliness of the steel surface treatment before coating the material) (GB/T8923.1-2011)). The appearance is equal to ASa2.5, BSa2.5 and CSa2.5 specified by the standard, and the surface roughness RZ of the steel base layer is 50-70 mu m or 40-60 mu m.

And mechanically polishing and derusting the joint and the position where the injection or shot blasting cannot be performed by adopting a power tool, wherein the derusting grade St2 (GB/T8923) is adopted.

2) Appearance quality of coating

According to GB50205-2001 standard 14.2.3, the surface of a component is not coated by mistake, is not coated by leakage, and is not peeled and rusted. The coating is uniform and has no obvious wrinkles, sagging, pinholes and bubbles. All components were visually inspected.

3) The coating adhesive force checking method is to measure the adhesive force according to the GB9286 standard by using a cross-cut method, and the adhesive force reaches more than grade 2.

4) Film thickness quality of coating

The dry film thickness of the coating after coating is required to be measured by a dry film magnetic thickness meter: more than 85% of the detection points are larger than or equal to the design thickness value, and the dry film thickness of other detection points should not be lower than 85% of the design thickness. The requirement of a prescribed film thickness must be met. The inspection method is according to 14.2.2 in GB50205-2001 standard "steel construction engineering construction quality acceptance Specification": each component was tested at 5 points, each with the value being the average of 3 coating dry film thicknesses at 50mm apart points.

7.2 maintenance of welding seams of steel structures

And (3) curing:

(1) It was found that weld cracking should be marked significantly. When the member is in an unqualified state due to the cracking of the welding seam, the condition must be immediately reported, the cracking reason is analyzed, the structural risk is evaluated, the maintenance scheme is formulated, and the member is repaired in time.

(2) The common welding seam and the important welding seam should be repaired in time. The repair of the weld joint cracking is completed by special welding personnel, and the repaired weld joint is listed in periodic detection content in future.

Description:

(1) For ease of maintenance, welds can generally be divided into two categories, important welds and general welds. The important welding seam refers to a field full-penetration groove welding seam of a main component, and other welding seams are general welding seams

(2) Weld inspection includes two types, weld cracking and weld tarnishing.

(3) The weld should remain clean and dry.

7.3 Main girder maintenance

7.4 maintenance of Cable tower

(1) The dirt on the surface of the cable tower is frequently removed, and the components are kept clean, and particularly attention should be paid to positions where dirt is easy to accumulate, such as joints, corners, overlapping positions of steel plates and the like. The cleaned dirt is not swept into the drain hole or the drain tank so as not to cause blockage. The cable tower should be kept dry without ponding, if ponding is found, a water source should be checked, and ponding is discharged in time.

(2) For the welded components, if defects such as cracks, unfused, slag inclusion, unfilled and the like are found at the welding seams, repair welding should be carried out, and the welded welding seams should be uniformly and uniformly relief-ground immediately. When the cable tower cracks are found, the crack reasons need to be investigated, blind repair welding is not needed, and holes can be drilled at the end parts of the cracks to prevent the cracks from continuing, and further observation is carried out.

7.5 Cable maintenance

7.6 curing of bridge deck System

8.4.1 bridge deck pavement

(1) The pavement disease is found to be checked for obvious reasons and repaired in time, and special detection requirements can be provided for the unknown pavement etiology.

(2) And (3) aging the asphalt concrete bridge deck. Milling and updating treatment is required, and the asphalt concrete structure is strictly forbidden to be optionally paved for reinforcement, so that static load cannot be optionally increased; the asphalt concrete covering telescopic device is strictly forbidden.

(3) The bridge deck pavement waterproof layer should be repaired in time when damaged, and the waterproof concrete should be poured again when pavement is damaged. The maintenance must guarantee the integrality of bridge floor, prohibit many repairs in a small scale, can repair in whole hole if necessary, prohibit to increase the direct additional shop of constant load on former bridge floor.

(4) The horizontal slope and the longitudinal slope after the bridge deck is updated meet the drainage requirement;

(5) Pavement of the sidewalk on the bridge deck is perfect and smooth, and when the pavement is defective, the pavement is maintained or replaced in time;

(6) The bridge deck should be cleaned frequently to remove accumulated water, remove soil, sundries, slush and snow, and keep the bridge deck smooth and clean.

(7) When the local damage area and depth of the paving layer exceed the stipulations, the paving layer should be repaired in time.

8.4.2 bridge deck guardrail and railing maintenance

(1) The bridge deck guard rail should be kept intact and straight, and is free from paint peeling, root loosening, cracking and deformation.

(2) Paint repair is preferably performed at 4-11 months per year.

(3) The main bridge guardrail is damaged and should be repaired within 24 hours, temporary protection measures should be taken when the main bridge guardrail cannot be repaired in time, and warning signs are set. The temporary protection measures adopted should be firm and striking.

(4) The railing is maintained vertically and straightly, and the railing is free from damage and breakage; sundries cannot be contained in the telescopic device or the seam at the break, the horizontal rod piece can be freely telescopic under the condition of frost heaving, and the railing post and the handrail are damaged and can be maintained or supplemented in time.

(5) The anti-collision guard rail belongs to safety protection facilities, and has the main defects of crashing, defect, overlarge deformation and corrosion.

(6) When the guard rail is seriously discolored or has the phenomenon of skin falling, the guard rail should be cleaned and maintained;

(7) The performance of the paint meets the requirements of the original design, and the surface coating is uniform, does not leak brush and does not flow.

(8) When the rail has serious deformation, fracture, peeling and damage, the rail should be restored according to the original structure, repaired completely and installed neatly and firmly.

(9) The guardrail marks are not correct or fall off and are straightened, fixed or replaced again.

8.4.3 telescoping device maintenance

(1) The telescopic device should be flat, straight, flexible, clean in the seam, free from sundry blockage, free from water seepage and water accumulation, and in a good working state. The vehicle should be cleaned in time when the vehicle is blocked, leakage, deformation, cracking and abnormal sound of the vehicle are generated, and the vehicle should be maintained in time when the vehicle is jumped.

(2) The cause should be ascertained before repair, and an effective and adaptive repair method is adopted. The repair work is based on the extent of the defect, or the repair of a portion, or a portion such that the entire replacement is performed.

(3) When the telescopic device is maintained or replaced, traffic management measures should be taken to ensure construction safety.

(4) The snow accumulation condition in the telescopic device should be checked in time after snow in winter, so that the deformation and damage of the telescopic device caused by frost heaving of snow water in the telescopic device are prevented.

(5) And (3) specifically measure the expansion joint.

8.4.4 drainage system maintenance

(1) The cover frame and the grille of the water inlet should be perfect and have no fracture or defect.

(2) The bridge deck water drainage hole should be intact, smooth and effective.

(3) The drainage facilities are blocked and damaged, and should be dredged and repaired in time.

(4) The drainage pipeline in the main girder box should be kept smooth without leakage, and the water seepage is found to be repaired in time, so that the water accumulation in the box is removed and necessary coating repair is carried out.

(5) The drain pipe connection should remain ductile enough to meet the expansion and contraction requirements of the bridge.

7.7 support System maintenance

(1) The main bridge support and the limiting device should be maintained regularly, and the maintenance and repair principle of the support is that the support should be ensured to maintain expected stress and deformation performance.

The checking work of the performance of the support should carry out primary checking on the stress state and the deflection performance of the support when the support is formally put into use, and the primary checking work is taken as an original record of normal use of the support. The support should typically be carefully cleaned before each inspection of the support and the results of each inspection carefully recorded. In the process of inspecting the support, first, whether damage occurs to the support (including the support anti-corrosive paint) should be inspected. If no visible damage is found, the position of the support is in a normal range, at the moment, the actual position of the support is measured, and the actual position and the theoretical position deviation of the support in the current use state (temperature, shrinkage, creep and load state) are combined to record. If visible damage or position deviation, deformation or crack and other phenomena are found, recording is carried out, the displacement, deformation and rotation of the support are measured in detail, and a main department is reported so as to take maintenance and replacement measures for the support. And should meet the following specifications:

(1) The support should be inspected and maintained once a year, and each part is kept complete, clean and effective, and the beam span is free to move.

(2) The rest metal parts except the rolling surface of each part of the support should be maintained regularly, and rust is found to be recoated in time.

(3) The support and the position where the limiting device is supported cannot be cracked, and once the cracking is found, the overhaul is needed.

(2) The support and the limiting device find defects and faults to be maintained in time, and the support and the limiting device must be replaced in time when damaged or reaching the national industry standard or the design service life specified in the product use instruction.

(3) The spherical support should be cleaned of dust and replaced with lubricant once a year. The support foundation nuts are found to be sheared, the rubber sealing rings are cracked and aged, and the support foundation nuts should be replaced in time. The relative displacement of the support should be uniform, and the displacement is recorded twice a year in winter and summer. The height of the support should not change by more than 3mm, and the support steel (except stainless steel) should be subjected to paint rust prevention every 3 years.

(4) The lower part of the main span expansion joint should be kept dry, so that the support and the limiting device are prevented from being corroded.

(5) The rust-proof grease on the surface of the vertical limiting pull rod should be replaced regularly, so that aging failure is prevented.

(6) The daily maintenance work of the support is as follows:

(1) the parts of the support should be kept complete and clean, and the support should be cleaned at least once every half a year to remove greasy dirt and rubbish around the support, prevent ponding and snow accumulation and ensure the normal work of the support; periodic inspections and maintenance are performed once a year.

(2) The joint bolts of all parts of the support are screwed in time, so that the support backing plate is smooth and firm; and (5) oiling and fastening the loose bolts.

(3) The support should be prevented from aging and deteriorating due to contact with oil stains, and stainless steel plates should be cleaned with cotton yarns, etc.

(4) The dust cover of the spherical support should be maintained well to prevent dust from falling into or rain and snow from penetrating into the support.

(5) The contact surface between the support and the beam bottom, between the support and the mortar cushion layer should be flat, the displacement and the corner of the beam body should not be blocked, and the displacement and the corner value are recorded, namely whether the displacement and the corner of the support are normal or not is checked; the support backing plate and the anchor bolt should be in close contact and should not be corroded; the bearing cushion layer is provided with accumulated water and should be immediately cleaned.

(6) The support or support assembly should be repaired or replaced in time if it is defective or fails to work properly.

(7) The support should be inspected, maintained and repaired periodically every year during use. The following maintenance work is mainly performed:

(1) checking whether the anchor bolt of the support is sheared or not, and checking whether the rubber sealing ring of the support is cracked or not and aging; the problem is to be replaced in time.

(2) Checking whether the relative displacement of the support is uniform or not, and checking the displacement of the support one by one, wherein the support is problematic to maintain in time.

(3) And cleaning sundries and dust near the support, and carefully wiping dust on the surface of the stainless steel slide plate by cotton wires.

(4) Loosening the anchor bolt nut, cleaning and oiling to prevent the nut from rust.

(5) Checking and fixed-point checking the height change of the support seat so as to check the abrasion condition of the polytetraethylene plate in the support seat, and when the height change of the support seat exceeds 3mm, taking into consideration whether the polytetraethylene plate needs to be replaced or not.

(8) The coating of the abutment and the upper and lower structural connectors (with emphasis on the threaded portion) in which the treated thickness of the anchor bolts and sleeves is 6-8 mm was checked regularly.

(9) When the support needs to be replaced, the model and pier number of the support are determined, manufacturers are arranged to process and produce the support of the same model, particularly the height of the support, and the installation size of the anchor bolt is consistent with that of the original support. The traffic flow and the load of the abutment position of the support are properly controlled, the jack with corresponding load is arranged around the support, and the arranged position of the jack does not prevent the disassembly and the assembly of the support.

The specific replacement steps are as follows:

(1) and installing a jack, screwing out an upper anchoring bolt, and then jacking the beam body away from the top surface of the support, wherein the jack is jacked at a beam bottom steel plate (note that the beams on each pier need to be jacked at the same time, and the jacking height cannot exceed the uneven settlement required by the design of the beam part).

(2) Screwing out the anchor bolt under the support;

(3) removing the original support body (excluding the embedded steel plate);

(4) installing a new support body with corresponding specification;

(5) aligning the positions, screwing down the lower anchoring bolts, and fixing the support;

(6) and slowly falling the beam, screwing in an upper anchor bolt, moving out the jack and completing the replacement of the support.

7.8 maintenance of substructure

(1) When the surface of the concrete is eroded and peeled off, honeycomb pitted surface and other diseases occur, surrounding chiseling should be timely carried out surface protection.

(2) If the special-shaped bridge pier protective coating is peeled off, whether the internal stress of the special-shaped bridge pier protective coating is greatly changed or not is firstly ascertained, and then the special-shaped bridge pier protective coating is timely repaired.

(3) And the special-shaped bridge pier and the bearing platform have surface cracks, protective layer peeling and other diseases, and should be repaired in time.

(4) And removing moss, weeds and sundries on the surface of the bearing platform in time.

(5) The foundation and foundation of the bridge should be complete and stable.

(6) When the construction is performed near the foundation, relevant standards or regulations are met, and disturbance of the foundation soil body is avoided.

7.9 maintenance of electromechanical systems

7.9.1 cable and pipeline maintenance

7.9.2 maintenance of barrier-free vertical lift elevator

Maintenance of overhauling lifter in 7.9.3 steel tower

7.9.4 beam bottom maintenance vehicle maintenance

7.9.5 maintenance of lighting systems

Dehumidification system in 7.9.6 steel tower steel box

Maintenance requirements

Maintenance and repair

(1) The dehumidifying equipment is in a closed, dry and low-dust space environment, and the relative humidity of the dry air generated by the dehumidifying system in a specified space is kept to meet the design control requirement on the humidity of the space environment.

(2) The air inlet pipe, the exhaust pipe, the circulating air pipe and other pipes of the dehumidifying system should be kept smooth, and have no leakage, no blocking and no damage. The cold water at the mouth of the air exhaust pipe should not have the phenomenon of backflow.

(3) The switch positions of all the functional air valves should be kept correct, and the control of the electric air switch should be kept intact and effective.

(4) The fans and the transmission mechanisms of the dehumidification system should be kept in an operating state without abnormal sounds, abnormal vibration and peculiar smell.

(5) The dehumidifier should be able to reliably perform automatic start-up or shut-down within a control range set by the ambient humidity.

(6) The air filter screen of the dehumidifying equipment should be kept in an unblocked state, and the filter screen should be replaced in time when an alarm prompt of filter screen blockage occurs, so that the normal running state of the unit is ensured, and the working efficiency of the unit is improved.

3. Standard of operation technology

(1) Maintenance technical standard

(1) The relative humidity control standard in the box girder is less than or equal to 45 percent RH

(2) The air quantity detection of the dehumidification system accords with the technical standard of completion acceptance debugging setting.

(3) The maintenance quality of the dehumidifier unit equipment meets the technical requirements of the original equipment.

(4) The remote control system of the dehumidifier should be kept intact, reliable and accurate.

(2) Standard of safe operation

(1) Rated working voltage of the dehumidification system, namely a unit adopts a three-phase alternating current power supply (220/380V), and a site remote PLC control system adopts a 220VUPS power supply as a power failure support.

(2) Overload short-circuit protection: the dehumidifier, the mixed pressurizing box and the pipeline fan are all provided with independent, perfect and reliable overload and short-circuit protection devices.

(3) And high temperature protection, namely when the operation temperature of the electric heating device of the dehumidifier is 170 ℃, the working power supply of the dehumidifier unit can be automatically cut off.

(4) And the shutdown protection is that the dehumidifier is shutdown under normal conditions, the regenerating fan and the dehumidifying rotating wheel of the unit are in a delayed running state, the electric heating device is cooled, and the fan is automatically shutdown when the temperature is lower than the set temperature by 60 ℃.

(5) The system grounding protection is that the metal shell of each unit of the dehumidification system and the metal part of the ventilation pipeline should be reliably grounded, and the grounding mode should meet the requirement of the power supply system

(6) And the remote alarm prompt is that the remote control system accurately responds to the alarm prompt when the main switch of each unit of the dehumidification system is powered off, the switch is turned off, the unit is at high temperature and the filter screen is blocked.

(7) The setting parameters of the differential pressure switch are in accordance with the requirements of the on-site debugging set value of the dehumidifier.

(8) The standard of the integrity rate of the dehumidifier unit is 90 percent.

4. Method and content for maintenance inspection

(1) Daily remote consult

(1) And (3) observing and consulting a remote monitoring interface of the dehumidification system, combining the meteorological temperature and humidity with the environmental temperature and humidity of the steel box girder, observing and judging the current working state of the dehumidification system, and recording a current operation log.

(2) An interface filter screen replacement alarm prompt appears, and filter screen replacement work is timely implemented.

(3) And an interface fault alarm prompt appears, so that the repair report work is timely implemented.

(4) The above situation occurs at night, and when personnel take the shutdown working measures.

(2) Quarterly maintenance and technical inspection

The dehumidifier is maintained in a quarter.

5. Maintenance work of dehumidifier

(1) The dehumidifier equipment and the surrounding environment should be kept clean and free of paper, cotton, wood, oil and other combustible materials;

(2) In maintenance work, operators should pay attention to the position of a working station and the arrangement of using tools and accessories, and the operators are forbidden to stand on the equipment box body and the ventilation pipeline.

(3) Before the dehumidifier is subjected to the box opening maintenance work, the power supply is required to be cut off, and the power supply is confirmed to be cut off so as to carry out related work.

(4) In the disassembly and assembly processes of the ventilating duct and the box body, operators have to make safety protection.

(5) In the process of installation, the whole machine should be checked for the installation standard links of the internal devices of the equipment. Before the test operation, the positions of the external structure and other devices must be checked to ensure that the test operation can be performed without errors.

(6) The dehumidification equipment put into test operation should pay attention to the mechanical operation condition, has no vibration and abnormal sound, checks whether the display value of the control state of the electric appliance is normal or not, and detects the three-phase working current.

7.9.8 maintenance of earthing system (lightning arrester)

Maintenance requirements

1. And the inspection and maintenance frequency of the lightning arrester is 1 time/month.

2. The lightning arrester checking and maintaining operator must hold qualified and effective special operation certificate of low-voltage electrician.

3. Before operation, operators have to wear work clothes and electrician shoes, and wear safety helmets, insulating gloves and safety belts.

4. The technical responsible person makes a safe and technical trip to the operator and makes a trip record.

5. The monitoring center decides whether to allow the operation of boarding the bridge according to the condition of the bridge deck.

6. The lightning arrester inspection operators must strictly perform safety containment according to requirements.

7. The operators fill in the lightning arrester on the same day to check and maintain the record list.

The lightning arrester checks and maintains the record list.

7.10 maintenance of pedestrian suspension bridge

The general requirements are: the pedestrian bridge adopts a manual step inspection mode to check once a day, temporary protection measures should be immediately taken when the potential safety hazard is found, and the potential safety hazard is eliminated within 24 hours. The various diseases are found to be maintained in time, and maintained according to the original design standard, and the used materials and construction quality are required to meet the maintenance requirements.

1. Boom rod

(1) The suspension bridge suspension rod cannot be rusted, the steel rope protection of the suspension rod should be checked once every quarter, and the suspension rod should be in a normal working state.

(2) The hanger rod of the hanging bridge should be inspected and maintained once every quarter, and the fastening bolt cannot be loosened and rusted; in the summer and the cold seasons, inspection and maintenance are enhanced, and the bolts are timely screwed to maintain the designed fastening force.

(3) The boom coating should be inspected once a quarter, and it is found that the coating degradation should be timely maintained or repaired.

(4) The sealing position of the boom and the beam node area is checked every half year in the first year of operation, and the check is performed every year later; water leakage, water accumulation, paint removal and rust corrosion are found and should be treated in time.

(5) The condition of the hanging rod is checked every half year in the first year and the second year after the pedestrian hanging bridge is used, and the hanging rod is checked every year later; marking at the damaged part, making record, and processing in time.

2. Support seat

(1) The support should be inspected and cleaned every half year and maintained every year.

(2) The condition of the support should be checked before the support is maintained, and compared with the previous checking and maintaining result.

(3) Periodically checking whether the support is free or severely deformed, and whether the support is cracked or not, the steel plate is exposed, uneven bulging, displacement, shearing overrun and other diseases exist

(4) The support cushion stone should keep the top surface smooth, the whole is intact, should repair in time when damaging.

3. Telescopic device

(1) The telescopic device should be flat, straight and flexible and be in a good working state. The plugging should be removed in time when the plugging occurs, and the plugging should be maintained in time when the plugging occurs, and the plugging is deformed and cracked. The expansion joint surface of the comb plate should be cleaned once a month. The gap at the beam end below the telescopic device should be cleaned at least twice per year.

(2) The fixing bolts of the comb plate telescoping device should be maintained once in a quarter.

(3) At the highest and lowest air temperatures each year, the gap of the telescoping device should be measured in time and must not be less than the design minimum spacing and greater than the design maximum spacing.

(4) The horizontal dislocation and the relative height difference of the telescopic device are preferably observed in each quarter.

Maintenance and repair

1. Boom rod

(1) The suspension rod of the suspension bridge should be stressed uniformly and the swing should be consistent. When the suspender swings obviously, the suspender should be adjusted and the sleeve nut should be screwed down.

(2) The damping device of the boom should be kept in a normal working state, and the abnormal or invalid boom should be timely overhauled.

(3) And checking and maintaining the longitudinal beam according to the relevant regulations of the steel bridge.

2. Support seat

(1) The parts of the support should be kept complete and clean, and the effective support pad should be kept flat, tight and firmly anchored. The periphery of the support should be dry and clean, no ponding or greasy dirt exists, and the found problems are treated in time.

(2) The void support is preferably treated by adding a steel backing plate.

(3) The accumulated water on the periphery of the support should be checked for accumulated water reasons and treated in time, and a water-scattering slope can be made if necessary.

(4) The shearing displacement generated by the constant load of the plate-type rubber support should be within the design range, the top surface of the supporting cushion stone should not crack or accumulate water, and the rubber support should be kept dry and clean.

3. Telescopic device

(1) The toothed plate telescoping device is loosened and should be screwed up in time; the loss of the comb plate should be compensated in time, and the spring (stop) pad should not be omitted. The seriously damaged comb plate should be replaced according to the model in time.

(2) Sealing rubber belt (water stop belt) should be replaced in time after damage. The selection of the sealing rubber belt meets the specification and performance requirements of the original design.

(3) When the steel plate of the steel plate expansion device is welded, warped and fallen off, the steel plate should be repaired in time.

(4) The time of welding the telescopic device should be chosen within a time period in which the temperature change is small in one day. From the beginning of the weld to the end of the weld, the ambient temperature should not vary by more than 5 ℃. And after the installation and welding are finished, the positioning device should be removed immediately.

(5) When the telescopic device is installed and welded, the connection form and the welding length of the connecting rib and the anchor rib meet the welding requirement, and the spot welding connection is strictly forbidden.

(6) The strength of the cement concrete protecting belt of the telescopic device meets the design requirement.

(7) After the concrete reaches the design strength and the telescopic device is installed, the traffic can be restored.

(8) The protective belt of the telescopic device should be intact, the phenomenon of cracking and loosening is avoided, the area of the pit hole is not more than 0.01m < 2 >, and the depth is not more than 20mm. The loose and pitted protective belt should be repaired in time. The protective belt is preferably repaired by adopting a quick repair material in a small area.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as taught or as a matter of routine skill or knowledge in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. The bridge maintenance electronic display method based on the BIM technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the BIM information management module integrates all information displayed by the bridge maintenance management module, the maintenance decision module, the health monitoring module, the emergency management module, the resource management module, the electromechanical facility management module and the detection management module, builds a BIM model of the bridge, and completes bridge maintenance electronic BIM model display by combining a cloud roaming technology through a network platform PC end and a mobile phone end;

the distribution, management and recording of the book detection task are displayed and managed through a special detection management unit;

the management mode adopts an electronic, visual and BIM model, and combines a webpage end and a mobile phone end, and the maintenance flow and method for displaying the project in a cloud roaming and animation mode.

2. The bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents displayed by the steel structure anti-corrosion maintenance unit are as follows:

determining a coating requirement;

coating the coating system;

and the display method comprises a film head animation summary, a text description, a BIM model of the whole maintenance content, and an animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and the maintenance flow.

3. The bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents displayed by the steel structure welding seam maintenance unit are as follows:

repairing common welding seams and important welding seams in time; the weld cracking repair is completed by special welding personnel, and the repaired weld is listed in periodic detection content in future;

4. The bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents displayed by the cable tower maintenance unit are as follows:

for the welded components, if cracks, unfused, slag inclusion and unfilled defects are found at the welding seams, repair welding is carried out, and the welded welding seams are immediately and uniformly relief-ground; after the cable tower crack is found, the crack cause is investigated, holes can be drilled at the end part of the crack to prevent the crack from continuing, and further observation is carried out;

5. The bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents displayed by the bridge deck maintenance unit are as follows:

relevant information of maintenance and repair of bridge deck pavement;

Relevant information of maintenance and repair of the telescopic device;

related information of maintenance and repair of the drainage system;

6. The bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents displayed by the support system maintenance unit are as follows:

keeping the lower part of the main span expansion joint dry;

carrying out daily maintenance on the support;

When the support needs to be replaced, determining the model and pier number of the support, and arranging manufacturers to process and produce the support with the same model, wherein the height of the support is consistent with the installation size of an anchoring bolt; the traffic flow and the load of the abutment position of the support are properly controlled, the jack with corresponding load is arranged around the support, and the arranged position of the jack cannot prevent the disassembly and the installation of the support;

7. The bridge maintenance electronic display method based on the BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents displayed by the bridge lower structure maintenance unit are as follows:

The foundation of the bridge is ensured to be complete and stable;

the construction near the foundation should meet relevant standards or regulations;

8. The bridge maintenance electronic display method based on the BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents displayed by the electromechanical system maintenance unit are as follows:

relevant information of cable and pipeline maintenance, relevant information of barrier-free vertical lifting elevator maintenance, relevant information of maintenance of an overhaul elevator in a steel tower, relevant information of maintenance of a beam bottom overhaul vehicle, relevant information of maintenance of a lighting system, relevant information of a dehumidification system in a steel box of the steel tower, relevant information of radar monitoring maintenance and relevant information of maintenance of a grounding system;

9. The bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents displayed by the pedestrian suspension bridge maintenance unit are as follows:

The pedestrian bridge adopts a manual step inspection mode to check once a day, temporary protection measures are immediately taken when the potential safety hazard is found, and the potential safety hazard is eliminated within 24 hours; the method is characterized in that various diseases are found to be maintained in time and maintained according to the original design standard, and the used materials and construction quality are required to meet the maintenance requirements;