CN111783208A

CN111783208A - Bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology

Info

Publication number: CN111783208A
Application number: CN202010633955.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢士军; 赵玉华; 杨巍; 朱旭阳; 王刚; 杨凝紫; 张印贵; 李霖; 赖永刚
Original assignee: Beijing Dianwei Construction Consulting Co ltd; BEIJING GONGLIAN JIEDA HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING CO LTD
Current assignee: Beijing Capital Road Development Group Co ltd; BEIJING GONGLIAN JIEDA HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING CO LTD
Priority date: 2020-07-02
Filing date: 2020-07-02
Publication date: 2020-10-16
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-02
Also published as: CN111783208B

Abstract

The invention discloses a bridge maintenance electronic display method based on a BIM technology, which comprises the following steps: displaying specific information of bridge maintenance management through a bridge maintenance management module; displaying the specific information of the bridge maintenance decision through a maintenance decision module; displaying specific bridge health monitoring information through a health monitoring module; displaying the concrete information of the bridge emergency management through an emergency management module; displaying the specific information of the bridge resource management through a resource management module; displaying the specific information of bridge electromechanical facility management through an electromechanical facility management module; displaying specific bridge detection management information through a detection management module; and integrating all the information through a BIM informatization management module, thereby finishing the display of the bridge maintenance electronic BIM model. The invention combines the electronic display manual and the BIM to carry out omnibearing overall system demonstration and explanation on the concrete maintenance management of the bridge; the informatization and intelligentization degree of the bridge operation and maintenance decision system is realized, and the bridge operation and maintenance decision is more scientific.

Description

Bridge maintenance electronic display method based on BIM technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge detection and safety evaluation, in particular to a bridge maintenance electronic display method based on a BIM (building information modeling) technology.

Background

At present, the technical requirements of operation, maintenance and repair of bridge infrastructures are gradually increased, the operation, maintenance and repair work still continues to use modes of manual detection, experience decision and treatment, and the problems that the detection efficiency is low, the speed is low, the detection deviation of diseases is easily caused by human factors, the detection document data is difficult to form a chain for analysis, the maintenance data is dispersed, the diseases are difficult to accurately and visually present and the like exist. The method cannot be well adapted to the current process of the information engineering, so that the later maintenance decision of the bridge lacks the most basic accurate and comprehensive maintenance data.

The invention discloses a detection method of a multi-source detection system of an operation bridge based on BIM (name: CN201811067052.5), which integrates an unmanned aerial vehicle and a three-dimensional laser detection technology to be applied to bridge disease detection based on BIM technology, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and precision of bridge inspection; the defect of insufficient precision of the existing hardware equipment is solved to a certain extent; the invention greatly improves the operation and maintenance inspection efficiency of the bridge, realizes the informatization and intelligentization degree of the bridge operation, maintenance and maintenance decision system and makes the bridge operation and maintenance decision more scientific.

However, the concrete maintenance management of the bridge in all aspects cannot be really met, because the concrete maintenance management of the bridge is one of the most important links for safe operation of a road network in the current stage, the prior art basically keeps building technical files, cleaning the bridge, dredging a drain pipe, repairing a damaged railing and paving a bridge deck for the bridge maintenance management, does not carry out comprehensive overall system upgrading and renovation on the concrete maintenance management of the bridge, and cannot meet the requirements of actual engineering. In addition, in the prior art, concrete maintenance management contents of the bridge cannot be displayed in detail. The non-adopted display method comprises head animation summary, text description, a BIM model of the whole maintenance content, and animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and the maintenance process.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, such as: the concrete maintenance management of the bridge in the prior art can not be really met, and as the concrete maintenance management of the bridge is one of the most important links for safe operation of a road network in the current stage, the maintenance management of the bridge in the prior art basically stops establishing a technical file, cleaning the bridge, dredging a drain pipe and repairing a damaged railing and paving a bridge deck, and the requirement of actual engineering can not be met because the comprehensive overall system upgrading and renovation is not carried out on the concrete maintenance management of the bridge. And concrete maintenance management contents of the bridge cannot be displayed in detail. The adopted display method comprises head animation summary, text description, a BIM model of the whole maintenance content, and animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and the maintenance process.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a bridge maintenance electronic display method based on a BIM technology comprises the following steps:

displaying specific information of bridge maintenance management through a bridge maintenance management module;

displaying the specific information of the bridge maintenance decision through a maintenance decision module;

displaying specific bridge health monitoring information through a health monitoring module;

displaying the concrete information of the bridge emergency management through an emergency management module;

displaying the specific information of the bridge resource management through a resource management module;

displaying the specific information of bridge electromechanical facility management through an electromechanical facility management module;

displaying specific bridge detection management information through a detection management module;

the BIM information management module integrates all information displayed by the bridge maintenance management module, the maintenance decision module, the health monitoring module, the emergency management module, the resource management module, the electromechanical facility management module and the detection management module, and establishes a BIM model of the bridge, so that the electronic BIM model display of bridge maintenance is completed;

the bridge maintenance management module is used for displaying the specific information of bridge maintenance management and comprises the following steps:

displaying preventive maintenance and repair of slightly damaged parts of the bridge and maintenance items and blanking items within 24 hours found by daily detection through a daily maintenance engineering unit;

the small repair engineering unit is used for showing preventive maintenance and repair daily maintenance for keeping the main bridge, the approach bridge, the connection road and the accessory facilities in good use state regularly;

regular repair and reinforcement of general abrasion and local damage of main bridges, approach bridges, connection roads and auxiliary facilities are shown through a middle repair engineering unit;

the major repair engineering unit is used for showing that the periodic comprehensive maintenance is carried out on the major damages of the main bridge, the approach bridge, the connection road and the accessory facilities, or the local improvement and individual addition are carried out in the range of the original technical grade;

the engineering measures for recovering or improving the original functions of the bridge and the auxiliary facilities thereof by using permanent measures are displayed through special engineering units;

the emergency repair engineering unit is used for showing preventive work for major damage of the bridge and the auxiliary facilities thereof caused by irresistible abnormal weather or other abnormal conditions and ensuring the safety and smoothness of the bridge;

the method for displaying the specific information of the bridge maintenance decision through the maintenance decision module comprises the following steps:

displaying relevant information for maintaining the steel structure anticorrosion plate of the bridge through the steel structure anticorrosion maintenance unit;

displaying relevant information for maintaining the steel structure welding seam plate of the bridge through a steel structure welding seam maintenance unit;

displaying relevant information for maintaining the girder plate of the bridge through a girder maintaining unit;

displaying relevant information for maintaining the cable tower plate of the bridge through the cable tower maintenance unit;

displaying the related information of maintenance of the stay cable plate of the bridge through the stay cable maintenance unit;

displaying relevant information for curing the bridge deck system plates of the bridge through the bridge deck system curing unit;

displaying relevant information for maintaining a support system plate of the bridge through a support system maintenance unit;

displaying the related information for maintaining the lower structure plate of the bridge through the lower structure maintenance unit of the bridge;

displaying relevant information for maintaining the electromechanical system plates of the bridge through the electromechanical system maintenance unit;

displaying relevant information for maintaining pedestrian suspension bridge plates of the bridge through a pedestrian suspension bridge maintenance unit;

the method for displaying the specific information of the bridge health monitoring through the health monitoring module comprises the following steps:

displaying relevant information of the load and the environment of the monitored bridge through a load and environment monitoring unit;

displaying relevant information of the overall structural response of the monitored bridge through a structural overall response monitoring unit;

displaying relevant information of the structure local response of the monitoring bridge through a structure local response monitoring unit;

the method for displaying the specific information of the bridge emergency management through the emergency management module comprises the following steps:

the emergency plan of the bridge is brought into the bridge maintenance management system through an emergency plan unit, and a task is automatically distributed to a corresponding responsible person according to weather information and an emergency;

various material information, supplier information and corresponding machine accounts for managing disaster prevention and emergency rescue and traffic dredging are displayed through a material management unit;

emergency management personnel, duty systems of all levels of posts, duty conditions on duty and duty preparation systems on duty are displayed and managed through a personnel management unit;

the method for displaying the specific information of the bridge resource management through the resource management module comprises the following steps:

basic information, posts, responsibilities, job entries and job leaving systems of common workers are displayed and managed through a personnel information management unit;

basic information, responsible persons, use states and maintenance records of the mechanical equipment are displayed and managed through an equipment information management unit;

displaying, by a fund management unit, an application, use, plan, and settlement of managed funds;

the method for displaying the specific information of the bridge electromechanical facility management through the electromechanical facility management module comprises the following steps:

basic attributes/parameters of electromechanical facilities, maintenance schedule management and maintenance records are displayed, managed and recorded through a facility parameter management unit;

an operation manual and an instruction for use for managing listed facilities are displayed by an operation instruction management unit;

displaying and managing a maintenance plan of the established facility through a maintenance plan management unit;

the maintenance condition of the facility is displayed, managed and recorded through a maintenance management unit;

the method for displaying the specific information of the bridge detection management through the detection management module comprises the following steps:

the dispatching, management and recording of the management frequent detection tasks are shown through a frequent detection management unit;

the dispatching, management and recording of the regular detection tasks are displayed and managed through the regular detection management unit;

the dispatching, management and recording of the book detection task are displayed and managed through a special detection management unit.

Further, the steel structure anticorrosion maintenance unit has the following specific contents:

determining a coating system needing to carry out steel structure anticorrosion maintenance;

determining a coating requirement;

and coating the coating system.

Further, the steel structure weld maintenance unit comprises the following specific contents:

making an obvious mark when the welding seam is found to be cracked; when the welding seam cracks and the component is in an unqualified state, reporting the condition immediately, analyzing the cracking reason, evaluating the structural risk, making a maintenance scheme and repairing in time;

repairing common welding seams and important welding seams in time; the weld joint cracking repair is completed by professional welders, and the repaired weld joint is listed in the periodic detection content in the future.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the cable tower maintenance unit are as follows:

regularly removing dirt on the surface of the cable tower, keeping the member clean, not sweeping the removed dirt into a drain hole or a drain tank, keeping the interior of the cable tower dry and free of accumulated water, checking a water source if accumulated water is found, and draining the accumulated water in time;

for the welded components, if cracks, incomplete fusion, slag inclusion and incomplete filling are found at the welding seams, repair welding is carried out, and the welded welding seams are immediately and evenly ground; after the cable tower crack is found, the crack reason is investigated and researched, and a hole can be drilled at the end part of the crack to prevent the crack from continuing to crack, and further observation is carried out.

Further, the specific contents displayed by the bridge deck system maintenance unit are as follows:

maintenance and repair of the bridge deck pavement;

carrying out maintenance and repair on the bridge floor guardrail and the railing;

the related information of maintenance and repair of the telescopic device is carried out;

and (5) carrying out maintenance and repair related information on the drainage system.

Further, the specific contents displayed by the support system maintenance unit are as follows:

the main bridge support and the limiting device are maintained regularly, and the principle of maintenance and repair of the support is to ensure that the support can keep expected stress and deformation performance;

when the support and the limiting device are found to be defective or faulty, the support and the limiting device are maintained in time, and are replaced in time when damaged or reach the preset service life specified in the national industry standard or product use specification;

the spherical support saddle removes dust and changes lubricating oil once every year;

keeping the lower part of the main span expansion joint dry;

the surface of the vertical limiting pull rod is periodically replaced by antirust grease;

carrying out daily maintenance on the support;

the support is periodically checked, maintained and repaired every year during the use period;

the coating of the support and the upper and lower part structure connecting pieces is regularly checked, and the processing thickness of the anchoring bolt and the sleeve in the connecting pieces is 6-8 mm;

when the support needs to be replaced, determining the type and pier number of the support, and arranging a manufacturer to process and produce the support with the same type, wherein the height of the support and the installation size of the anchor bolt are consistent with those of the original support; the traffic flow and the load of the pier position of the support needing to be replaced are properly controlled, jacks with corresponding loads are arranged around the support, and the arrangement position of the jacks cannot hinder the disassembly and the assembly of the support.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the maintenance unit of the bridge substructure are as follows:

when the concrete surface is corroded and peeled off, a honeycomb pitted surface and other diseases occur, the periphery is chiseled in time for surface protection;

if the protective coating of the special-shaped bridge pier is peeled off, the large change of the internal stress of the special-shaped bridge pier is firstly found out, and then the special-shaped bridge pier is repaired in time;

when surface cracks or protective layer peeling occur on the special-shaped bridge pier and the bearing platform, timely repairing;

removing moss, weeds and other impurities on the surface of the bearing platform in time;

the foundation and the foundation of the bridge are ensured to be complete and stable;

and the construction near the foundation can meet relevant standards or regulations.

Further, the specific contents displayed by the electromechanical system maintenance unit are as follows:

the maintenance information of the cable and the pipeline, the maintenance information of the barrier-free vertical lifting elevator, the maintenance information of the maintenance elevator in the steel tower, the maintenance information of the beam bottom maintenance car, the maintenance information of the lighting system, the dehumidification system in the steel tower steel box, the radar monitoring maintenance information and the grounding system maintenance information.

Further, the concrete contents displayed by the pedestrian suspension bridge maintenance unit are as follows:

the manway suspension bridge is inspected in a manual walking mode once a day, temporary protection measures are immediately taken when potential safety hazards are found, and the potential hazards are eliminated within 24 hours; and (3) timely maintaining and repairing the diseases according to the original design standard, wherein the used materials and construction quality meet the maintenance requirement.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the scheme has the advantages that the specific maintenance management of the bridge is also purposefully designed, the specific maintenance management of the bridge is one of the most important links for safe operation of a road network at the present stage, the comprehensive upgrade is performed on the bridge maintenance management, the BIM modeling technology is combined, the comprehensive upgrade innovation of the whole system is performed on the specific maintenance management of the bridge, and the requirement of actual engineering is met. Namely, all information is associated with the BIM, the full life cycle application based on the BIM is realized, and the platform comprises static data and dynamic data during maintenance, wherein the static data comprises construction data, design stage data, construction stage data and the like; the dynamic data comprises maintenance process data, bridge health monitoring data and the like, and further comprises a disease library, and the disease library is accumulated for a long time to form a big data analysis platform for bridge maintenance. The maintenance management platform embodies the full life cycle application based on the BIM technology.

One innovation point of the scheme is that by combining an electronic display manual and a BIM, the display method comprises head animation summary, character description, a BIM model of overall maintenance content and animation 720 cloud roaming of maintenance content and maintenance flow, and the specific maintenance management of the bridge is subjected to omnibearing overall system demonstration and explanation; the informatization and intelligentization degree of the bridge operation and maintenance decision system is realized, and the bridge operation and maintenance decision is more scientific.

One innovation of the scheme is that the comprehensive integral system demonstration and explanation process is carried out on the concrete maintenance management of the bridge,

the display method comprises the steps of summarizing the title animation, describing characters, integrally maintaining a BIM model of the content, and performing animation 720 cloud roaming of the content maintenance and the maintenance process; and the user can check the concrete maintenance management of the bridge through a mobile terminal (mobile phone, personal computer, etc.) to carry out omnibearing overall system demonstration and explanation; and (3) the PC end and the mobile phone end of the network platform are combined with the cloud roaming technology to complete the display of the bridge maintenance electronic BIM model.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method steps of example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic organization diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a daily inspection and maintenance mode in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the minor repair work organization in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a maintenance management process in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 5, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, a bridge maintenance electronic display method based on the BIM technology includes the following steps:

The display method comprises head animation summary, text description, a BIM model of the whole maintenance content, and animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and the maintenance process.

Example 2:

on the basis of the embodiment 1, the bridge maintenance electronic display method based on the BIM technology is refined into the following parts:

1. managing information;

and the information query module is used for collecting all other data in the system. The data types are divided into two types, static data (data before bridging) and dynamic data (data entered after bridging). By binding to the model build, clicking on the model can view all relevant data for the building block, such as: positioning, attribute information, construction unit information, responsible person information, supplier information, inspection records, disease information, maintenance records and the like;

the information management is divided into: design information, construction information and maintenance information;

1.1, the design information reflects the basic parameters, codes and other information of the component;

1.2 construction information;

construction information references that may be considered: the system comprises a material supplier, processing time, hoisting completion time, quality inspection information, construction units, responsible persons, construction general inspection records, concealed engineering inspection records, intermediate inspection handover records, civil engineering special construction records, foundation treatment records, foundation drill rod detection records, pile foundation construction records, concrete stirring measurement records, concrete maintenance temperature measurement records, concrete mixing ratio records and the like.

1.3 the maintenance information can inquire corresponding components, and selected components can also inquire corresponding maintenance contents, methods, frequency, current states, inspection records, disease information, maintenance records and the like, and prompt the next maintenance time, and the responsible team and responsible person;

maintaining the object: steel structure anticorrosion maintenance, steel structure weld maintenance, main bridge upper structure (main beam, cable tower and stay cable) maintenance, bridge deck system maintenance, support system maintenance, bridge lower structure, electromechanical facility maintenance and pedestrian suspension bridge maintenance;

1.3.1 organization mechanism;

as shown in fig. 2, the construction organization, personnel and related responsibility information are reflected as the basis for pushing tasks to departments or individuals.

The project department is provided with an engineering technology room, a safety quality room, an operation management room, a mechanical equipment room and a comprehensive office.

The arrangement of personnel at the department of project is that the management personnel at the department of project invest 20 persons, wherein 1 person is a project manager and 5 persons are the main authorities of each room. The system comprises 2 bridge structure maintenance engineers, 1 road structure engineer, 1 bridge electromechanical maintenance engineer, 3 technicians, 1 data base member, 1 safety member, 1 quality inspector, 1 contract administrator, 1 material member, 1 equipment administrator and 1 office worker.

Staffing of the operation team: the operation team and group personnel invest 42 people in total, wherein 4 daily patrol teams and groups, 6 bridge electromechanical maintenance teams and groups, 6 bridge monitoring duty teams and groups, 15 maintenance and emergency teams and groups, 4 logistics support personnel, 2 machine maintenance personnel and 5 engineering operation drivers.

1.3.2 device information;

the equipment inquiry module can inquire the model, the quantity and the supplier information of the equipment, responsible units/personnel, replacement records and the like.

1. Machine, vehicle and equipment configurations;

in addition, to the structural feature of eternal river bridge, still need to have water supply, fire prevention equipment, and other maintenance mechanical equipment specialized tool commonly used: such as an electric welding machine, a grinder, a cutting machine, a deruster, a small jack, a guide chain, a pulley, a steel wire rope, a jack, a crowbar, a rope, various wrenches, an inspection ladder, a scaffold board, a hand-push building trolley and the like.

2. Configuring an instrument;

(1) displacement measurement

The electronic displacement meter comprises a total station, a precision level, a theodolite, an electronic displacement scanner, a dial indicator, an electronic displacement meter, a magnetic meter base and a 30m steel tape.

(2) Strain testing

Static resistance strain gauges, dynamic resistance strain gauges, subsidiary power supply voltage stabilizing equipment, junction boxes and the like.

(3) Structural dynamic performance testing

891 type accelerometer, servo amplifier, magnetic tape recorder, and dynamic signal analyzer

(4) Concrete measuring instrument

Resiliometer, ultrasonic instrument, reading microscope, magnifier, high power telescope, miner's lamp, emergency lamp

(5) Film thickness measuring instrument

Film thickness detector

(6) Data recording instrument

Cameras, video recorders, microcomputers, scanners, printers, magic light projectors, anemometers, thermometers, hygrometers.

3. Material configuration

Materials such as bridge anti-collision railings, pavement bricks, steel bridge anti-corrosion paint, lighting lamps, vulnerable electrical components and the like which are necessary for daily maintenance and emergency.

1.3.3 examination records

Description of the function: and recording the inspection and monitoring results of various contents in the design information.

1.3.4 disease information

Description of the function: the serial number of disease components, the discovery date, the specific positions, the number, the disease forms and the extent range and the like are recorded, and the special terms are used for description.

1.3.5 maintenance records

Description of the function: and recording the maintenance of each content in the design information and the emergency repair results of various emergency emergencies.

2. Patrol management

Description of the function: constructing association between the inspection object and the model; scheduling a patrol task; the routing inspection task is automatically sent; the mobile phone end is linked with the platform end, and a required routing inspection record list is automatically generated after the mobile phone end is input; when the inspection process finds that maintenance and minor repair projects are needed, the whole management process is realized.

A secondary menu: inspection task, maintenance management and minor repair engineering

Description of the drawings: the inspection management refers to daily inspection, and the important points of the daily inspection are to influence the running safety and traffic safety of roads and bridges and the diseases of the road and bridge environment. Daily patrolling is divided into three categories, namely daily patrolling, night patrolling and special patrolling, and the key point and the cycle frequency of each category of patrolling are different according to actual conditions.

2.1 inspection task

Description of the function: the dispatching, management and recording of daily inspection tasks are realized, and the system automatically generates an inspection record table.

Daily patrol

The main contents are as follows: inspecting the running states of the stay cable, the full-bridge vibration condition, the bridge deck pavement, the bottom of the steel beam, the expansion joint, the guardrail (railing), the traffic sign marking, a bridge deck drainage system, bridge deck lighting, dehumidifying equipment and the like; inspecting and removing road surface pollution and roadblocks; and checking the progress and safety of the maintenance operation.

Patrol frequency: not less than once a day (special inspection is changed in severe rain and snow weather).

The patrol method comprises the following steps: a walking patrol mode (walking or riding a bicycle) is adopted, 1-2 persons are worn every day, a reflective vest is worn, a road patrol is performed, the change condition of the road technical condition is mastered, and a daily patrol record is filled into a table. When the road surface is found to have pits and other diseases which affect the driving safety, safe dispersion measures should be taken as soon as possible.

Night patrol

The main contents are as follows: mainly patrols the light reflection condition and the sound condition of marks, marked lines, delineators and the like, and the night illumination condition of bridge areas (including landscapes). And fill in the night patrol record table, as shown. Patrol frequency: not less than once per week.

Note: after natural disasters such as rainstorm, heavy snow, earthquake and the like occur or abnormal conditions which can cause great damage to the bridge and the auxiliary facilities thereof occur, the main tower, the main beam, the guy cable, the drainage facility or the damaged part are comprehensively inspected. The inspection is performed within 12 hours after the end of a natural disaster or an abnormal situation, and a patrol (mainly walking) is adopted, and it is required to carry road management data, measure instruments (camera, tape measure), safety instruments (cone sign, safety sign, etc.). And the communication is required to be kept smooth, and the emergency situation is reported in time.

2.2 maintenance management

Description of the function: there is a maintenance mode in the inspection process, and the functional design is shown in fig. 3.

2.3 minor repair works

Description of the function: and a minor repair engineering mode is also arranged in the routing inspection treatment, and the functional design is shown in figure 4.

3. Detection management

Description of the function: the monitoring management comprises frequent detection, periodic detection and special detection. Detecting the object and establishing association with the model; detecting automatic dispatch of tasks; the mobile phone end is linked with the platform end, and a required detection record list is automatically generated after the recording;

a secondary menu: regular detection, regular detection and special detection;

3.1 frequent testing

Description of the function: the dispatching, management and recording of the detection tasks are realized, and the system automatically generates a detection record table.

The frequent inspection mainly refers to appearance inspection of technical conditions of a main structure and an auxiliary structure, and the field record of each inspection is timely filled and sorted, and a picture and a description of a typical disease are provided. The description of the disease condition comprises the type, the position and the quantity of the disease, and the description should adopt the technical terms.

The frequent inspection report should include the following:

a. time, method, scope, etc. of bridge inspection.

b. Disease types, defect positions, defect ranges and maintenance and repair work amount of each part of the bridge.

c. The suggestion and suggestion that the bridge needs maintenance and minor repair.

d. Other items and reasons to explain.

Checking frequency: the frequent inspection should be not less than once a day.

The working process is as follows:

a. before daily patrol, parts and routes to be patrolled in the day are planned according to a plan.

b. The inspection is sequentially carried out from one bridge abutment to another bridge abutment, the specific positions and the number of the diseases are required to be determined according to the disease records, and photos are attached. The inspection information is recorded in the table of cable-stayed bridge frequent inspection record table.

3.2 periodic detection

Description of the function: and the dispatching, management and recording of the detection tasks are realized.

The regular inspection refers to the overall inspection and the grade evaluation of the technical conditions of the main structure and the auxiliary structures of the bridge, the range and the date of various damages found in bridge inspection should be marked clearly, and the photographing record and the explanation of the damage condition should be taken for the diseases which find serious defects and are difficult to identify the causes and the degrees of the damages. According to the characteristics of the diseases, a marking pen can be used for circling the disease range or tracing the crack trend and the like, and the serial number, the discovery date, the specific position, the disease form and the degree range and the like of the disease component are recorded.

The periodic detection can be classified into a conventional periodic detection and a structural periodic detection.

The frequency is regularly detected: once a year.

The structure periodic detection is carried out according to a specified period: the urban bridge maintained by the I type is preferably maintained once in 1-2 years.

Conventional periodic detection mode: the visual inspection (appearance inspection) is mainly used, and besides the common inspection equipment and tools, the measurement instruments such as an endoscope and the like are also required to be equipped.

Regular periodic detection of direction and sequence

1) Detecting the direction: the longitudinal bridge direction is preferably performed in the mileage increasing direction, and the transverse bridge direction is preferably performed from right to left.

2) Detection sequence: superstructure above the deck → superstructure below the deck → substructure. The bridge construction is preferably tested in the following order.

3.3 Special assays

The special inspection is the work of checking the disease reason of the bridge, identifying the defect condition, the bearing capacity and the disaster resistance of the bridge structural material, evaluating the technical condition of the bridge and proposing a countermeasure. The special inspection is divided into a special inspection and an emergency inspection.

(1) Special inspection: according to the results of frequent inspection and regular inspection, the components needing further identification of damage cause, defect degree or using capability are subjected to special field test detection, checking calculation, analysis and other identification works aiming at diseases.

(2) Emergency inspection: when the bridge is damaged by disastrous damage, emergency measures are taken and traffic is organized to recover, and detailed inspection and identification work is carried out on the structure in order to find out the damaged condition.

Bridge technical condition evaluation grade and maintenance strategy:

1) one type, the state is good or good, and the maintenance is normal.

2) And in the second category, the state is better or worse, and minor repair is carried out.

3) And thirdly, performing overhaul when the state is poor or bad.

4) Four categories, bad or dangerous status, major repair or improvement.

4. Maintenance management

Maintenance projects are divided into six types, namely daily maintenance projects, minor repair projects, intermediate repair projects, major repair projects, special projects and emergency repair and rescue projects according to the properties, scale and technical difficulty.

Description of the function: and (4) making a daily maintenance plan, engineering maintenance and distributing maintenance tasks. The specific engineering flow is shown in fig. 5.

A secondary menu: daily maintenance, minor repair maintenance, intermediate repair engineering, major repair engineering, special engineering and emergency repair and emergency rescue engineering.

4.1 daily maintenance

The main work is preventive maintenance and repair of the slightly damaged parts thereof, and 24-hour maintenance items, blanking items, etc. found by daily inspection.

4.2 minor repair and maintenance

And daily maintenance projects such as preventive maintenance and repair of minor damage to keep the main bridge, approach bridge, connection road and subsidiary facilities in good use condition regularly.

4.3 middle repair project

The general abrasion and local damage of the main bridge, the approach bridge, the connection road and the accessory facilities are repaired and reinforced regularly so as to restore the original condition of the small-sized engineering project.

4.4 major repair engineering

The major damages of the main bridge, the approach bridge, the connection road and the accessory facilities are periodically and comprehensively maintained to completely recover the technical condition of the original design standard, or local improvement and individual addition are carried out in the original technical grade range to gradually improve the traffic capacity of the engineering project.

4.5 Special engineering

The method refers to engineering measures for recovering or improving the original functions of the bridge and the auxiliary facilities thereof by using permanent measures, such as bridge reinforcement, important component replacement and other engineering projects.

4.6 Emergency repair and emergency engineering

The method refers to an assault first-aid repair project which is used for carrying out preventive work and ensuring the safety and smoothness of the bridge due to the fact that the bridge and the attached facilities are seriously damaged or possibly caused by the irresistible abnormal weather (such as water damage, earthquake, storm, ice and snow and the like) or other abnormal conditions.

5. Monitoring management

Description of the function:

(1) and (3) monitoring in real time for 24 hours: and data of the butt joint sensor and the video monitoring equipment are collected, so that the 24-hour real-time monitoring on the bridge structure state and the safe operation is realized.

(2) Grading early warning: when the data is abnormal, the system triggers a corresponding alarm mechanism to notify the user, and an abnormal point is highlighted on the interface.

A secondary menu: health monitoring and safety monitoring;

5.1 health monitoring

The monitoring categories are: load and environment, structural integral response and structural local response;

5.2 safety monitoring

Video monitoring system, information prompt screen, broadcasting system, overloaded vehicle weighing (total weight, single axle weight) and shunt prompt snapshot system.

6. Health assessment analysis

A secondary menu: a disease knowledge base, a hazard assessment and early warning mechanism;

6.1 disease knowledge base

Diseases of different structures and parts are described by using professional terms and accompanying pictures.

6.2 hazard assessment

6.3 early warning mechanism

And carrying out three-level early warning according to the form, type and degree of the diseases.

7. Maintenance decision

Description of the function: namely a maintenance scheme library, which can inquire maintenance schemes of different structures and parts; including maintenance period, maintenance method, technological process, acceptance method, etc. (the part needs to extract maintenance manual 3-12 chapter content)

A secondary menu: steel structure anticorrosion maintenance, steel structure weld maintenance, main beam maintenance, cable tower maintenance, cable maintenance,

Maintenance of bridge deck system, maintenance of support system, maintenance of lower part structure, maintenance of electromechanical system and maintenance of pedestrian suspension bridge

7.1 Corrosion protection maintenance of Steel structures

7.1.1 coating System

7.1.2 coating requirements

(1) The steel structure inspection comprises two aspects of coating inspection and corrosion inspection.

(2) Regular detection of the steel structure comprises coating damage, adhesive force and steel structure corrosion degree. Wherein the coating should meet the adhesion requirements. The adhesion between the primer and the steel plate should be measured when recoating, and the interlayer adhesion between the intermediate paint and the steel plate should be measured by a notch tape method.

(3) The paints of the coatings must be compatible and adhere reliably.

(4) The inner surface of the closed steel box is treated before being coated with primer. Performing sand sweeping treatment on the intact part of the shop primer to remove foreign matters on the surface; and manually removing rust near the shop primer breakage and the welding seam by St3 grade.

(6) The surface of the steel structure should be cleaned and dried, and the drying treatment should be carried out again after the steel structure is wetted after rain. The coating surface does not have the defects of air bubbles, sagging, line brushing, falling off and the like, and the requirement of adhesive force is met.

(7) The coating material is preferably designed or the performance index is not lower than the original design, and the new paint species has good matching property with the original coating material.

(8) The color of the finish paint adopts matte white.

(9) It is not suitable for coating construction in rainy, foggy, snowy days and when the humidity is more than 85%. The environmental temperature is controlled between 5-38 deg.C when coating.

(10) After the damage detection of the steel structure coating is finished, local recoating should be carried out on the detection position.

7.1.3 coating method

(1) Steel structure anticorrosion coating maintenance is according to table "steel case roof beam, steel tower isotructure anticorrosion coating system

", maintenance can be divided into two methods, partial recoating and full recoating.

(2) When the coating state and the corrosion degree of the maintenance management unit are both qualified, partial recoating can be performed.

(3) And when the coating state or the corrosion degree of the maintenance management unit reaches the unqualified level, the comprehensive recoating is carried out.

(1) Coating process flow

Cleaning bottom and removing rust, painting (including primer painting and finish painting), and checking and accepting.

(2) Bottom cleaning and rust removing

1) The clearing should be performed according to the specifications in the table below. According to different requirements, the coating reaches Sa2.5 or St3 grade, and the edge of the reserved coating is ground into a groove of 50-80 mm.

2) And cleaning the bottom of the steel member, removing grease, dirt and oxide skin on the surface of the steel member, and then polishing until the exposed surface is free from corrosion and powder. When the degree of rust is general and the intermediate paint is in a better state (such as discoloration and powdering), a method for removing the finish paint can be adopted.

3) Common method for derusting

a. Manual rust removal

The steel stiffening beam has rust points or rust blocks and oxide skin, and can be knocked by a sharp-nose or flat hammer, and the hammer mouth is not ground too sharply so as to avoid hard damage to the plane of the steel plate. Typically the rust layer is brushed off with a wire brush. Manual rust removal tools typically include a scraper, a rust hammer, a wire brush, and an abrasive cloth. The spot rust, rust block or welding slag at the crack or pit can be knocked by a tip or flat-nose flat-head rust hammer. The rust layer, the rust block and the pockmarks can be brushed for several times in a transverse and vertical crossing way by a steel wire brush after being processed by tools such as a shovel blade and the like. The steel wire adopts 28-30 steel wires, and a thick steel wire brush is not needed. After brushing with a steel wire brush, wiping the rust ash with cotton yarn, and then wiping the rust ash once with the turpentine oil.

b. Mechanical rust removal

The common mechanical rust-removing tools include portable electric grinding wheel, electric or pneumatic steel wire wheel and pneumatic rust remover with needle bundle. The first three are suitable for planes of steel beams, and the latter are suitable for curved, narrow and uneven surfaces and corner joints.

c. Spray rust removal treatment

The spray treatment method for removing rust on steel comprises the processes of dry sand blasting, wet sand blasting, dry-wet mixed sand blasting, shot blasting and the like. The spray rust removal can remove a rust layer, and because of impact grinding or high-pressure impact of sand grains, oxide skin, the rust layer and old paint skin on the surface of the metal can be completely removed, a silvery white metal surface is shown, a rough surface with micropores is formed through impact friction, the adhesive force and the bonding force of the coating and the metal can be enhanced, and the metal protection capability of the coating is enhanced.

4) Steel structure surface cleaning requirements

(3) Painting work

1) After the bottom cleaning operation is completed, the primer should be coated as soon as possible. The time interval generally should not exceed 24 hours, such as 24 hours, and the unprimed portion should be re-primed.

2) The surface drying and actual drying time for brushing the primer shall meet the requirements of the product use specification, and the shortest time interval for brushing each primer shall meet the technical standard. The shortest time interval for painting two finishing paints is controlled to be about 12 hours.

3) And (3) carrying out finish coat recoating, wherein 2 coats of finish coats are required to be carried out on the part where the intermediate coats are exposed, and 1 coat of finish coats can be carried out on the part where the intermediate coats are not exposed.

4) When re-coating, pre-coating should be performed on the welding seam, the corner and the part which is not easy to be coated. The thickness of the dry film should be measured after each paint is dried, and the defects should be repaired to the specified thickness, for example, the damage on the surface of the paint film should be repaired in time.

(4) Acceptance requirements

1) The surface of a steel structure is required to be smooth, and before coating construction, pollutants such as oxide skin, welding slag, craters, dust, burrs, iron rust, oil stains and the like on the surface of steel products must be carefully removed. And (4) polishing the welding line, and rounding a sharp corner, wherein R is 2 mm. The spray or shot blast rust removal rating was Sa2.5 (visual assessment of surface cleanliness of steel surface treatment before coating material (GB/T8923.1-2011)). The appearance is equivalent to ASa2.5, BSa2.5 and CSa2.5 specified by the standard, and the surface roughness RZ of the steel substrate is 50-70 μm or 40-60 μm.

And for the segmented butt joint and the position which cannot be subjected to injection or shot blasting, a power tool is adopted to mechanically polish and remove rust, and the rust removing grade is St2 (GB/T8923).

2) Coating appearance quality

According to the GB50205-2001 standard 14.2.3, the surface of the component should not be coated by mistake, not coated by mistake, and the coating should not be peeled and rusted again. The coating is uniform and has no obvious wrinkles, sagging, pinholes and bubbles. All components were visually inspected.

3) The coating adhesion force inspection method is used for measuring the adhesion force by a grid cutting method according to the GB9286 standard, and the adhesion force reaches more than 2 grades.

4) Coating film thickness quality

And (3) measuring by using a dry film magnetic thickness gauge, wherein the thickness of the coated dry film is required to be as follows: more than 85% of the detection points are greater than or equal to the designed thickness value, and the dry film thickness of other detection points is not less than 85% of the designed thickness. The film thickness must be set to a predetermined value. The inspection method is carried out according to 14.2.2 in GB50205-2001 Standard "acceptance Standard for construction quality of Steel Structure engineering": each component was tested at 5, each point being the average of the dry film thickness of the coating at 3 stations spaced 50mm apart.

7.2 Steel Structure weld maintenance

And (3) maintenance process:

(1) it was found that weld cracking should be marked clearly. When the welding seam cracks and the component is in an unqualified state, the condition must be reported immediately, the crack reason must be analyzed, the structure risk must be evaluated, a maintenance scheme must be formulated, and the component must be repaired in time.

(2) Both general welding seams and important welding seams should be repaired in time. The weld cracking repair is finished by professional welders, and the repaired weld is subjected to periodic detection in the future.

Description of the drawings:

(1) for the convenience of maintenance, weld seams can be generally divided into two categories, important weld seams and general weld seams. The important welding seam refers to the on-site full penetration groove welding seam of the main component, and other welding seams are common welding seams

(2) The weld inspection contents include two types of weld cracking and weld corrosion.

(3) The weld should remain clean and dry.

7.3 Main Beam maintenance

7.4 Cable Tower curing

(1) The surface of the cable tower is often cleaned, the components are kept clean, and particularly, the parts which are easy to accumulate dirt, such as nodes, corners, steel plate lap joints and the like, are required to be noticed. The dirt to be removed is not swept into the drain holes or the drain grooves to avoid blockage. The interior of the cable tower is kept dry without accumulated water, and if the accumulated water is found, a water source is checked and drained in time.

(2) For the welded components, if the defects of cracks, incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, incomplete filling and the like are found at the welding seam, repair welding is required, and the welded welding seam is required to be scraped and ground uniformly. After the cable tower crack is found, the crack reason needs to be investigated and researched, blind repair welding is not needed, and the end part of the crack can be drilled to prevent continuous cracking and further observed.

7.5 Cable curing

7.6 bridge deck maintenance

8.4.1 bridge deck pavement

(1) The paving diseases are discovered and examined in time, and special detection requirements can be put forward for the reasons of the paving layer which cannot be identified.

(2) And (5) aging the asphalt concrete bridge deck. Milling, planing and updating are required, the asphalt concrete structure is strictly prohibited to be paved randomly for reinforcement, and static load cannot be increased randomly; asphalt concrete is strictly forbidden to cover the telescoping device.

(3) The bridge deck pavement waterproof layer should be repaired in time when damaged, and the waterproof concrete pavement should be poured again when damaged. Maintenance and repair must ensure the integrity of the bridge deck, forbid a plurality of repairs in a small range, if necessary, repair the whole hole, forbid increasing the dead load on the original bridge deck and directly spreading the bridge deck.

(4) The cross slope and the longitudinal slope after the bridge floor is updated meet the drainage requirement;

(5) pavement on the bridge floor should be complete and flat, and when a defect exists, the pavement should be maintained or replaced in time;

(6) the bridge floor should be cleaned frequently to remove accumulated water, remove soil, sundries, ice and snow, and keep the bridge floor flat and clean.

(7) When the local damaged area and depth of the pavement layer exceed the specifications, the pavement layer is required to be repaired in time.

8.4.2 maintenance of guardrail and railing on bridge floor

(1) The bridge deck guardrail should remain intact and straight, and has no peeling off of paint, root loosening, cracking and deformation.

(2) Paint repair is preferably carried out at 4-11 months per year.

(3) The damage of the main bridge guardrail should be repaired within 24h, temporary protection measures should be taken when the damage cannot be repaired in time, and warning signs are set. The adopted temporary protection measures are firm and striking.

(4) The handrail should be upright and straight for maintenance, and the handrail should not be damaged or broken; the expansion device or the gap of the broken joint can not contain sundries, the horizontal rod piece can freely expand and contract under the condition of frost heaving, and if the railing post and the handrail are defective, the maintenance or the filling should be carried out in time.

(5) The main defects of the anti-collision guardrail are crash, defect, overlarge deformation and corrosion.

(6) When the guard rail is seriously faded or the skin falls off, the guard rail is required to be removed and maintained;

(7) the performance of the paint meets the requirements of the original design, and the surface coating is uniform, leak-free and free from flowing.

(8) When the railing has serious deformation, fracture, peeling and damage, the railing should be restored according to the original structure, repaired completely, and installed neatly and firmly.

(9) The guardrail signs are not correct or fall off, and should be corrected and fixed or replaced again.

8.4.3 maintenance of telescoping devices

(1) The telescopic device is flat, straight, flexible, clean in the seam, free of sundries blockage, free of water seepage and water accumulation and in a good working state. When the vehicle is blocked, the vehicle should be cleaned in time, leakage, deformation and cracking occur, abnormal noise is generated during driving, and the vehicle should be maintained in time during jumping.

(2) Before repair, the reason should be found out, and an effective and suitable repair method is adopted. The repair may be done by either partially repairing or partially replacing the defect.

(3) When the telescopic device is maintained or replaced, traffic management measures are required to be taken, and construction safety is ensured.

(4) The snow situation in the telescopic device is required to be checked in time after snow falls in winter, and the telescopic device is prevented from being deformed and damaged due to frost heaving of snow water in the telescopic device.

(5) The expansion joint is provided with specific measures.

8.4.4 maintenance of drainage System

(1) The cover frame and the grating of the water inlet are intact without fracture and defect.

(2) The drainage holes on the bridge floor are intact, smooth and effective.

(3) The drainage facility is blocked and damaged, and is required to be dredged and repaired in time.

(4) The drainage pipeline in the main beam box is required to be kept smooth without leakage, and the water leakage is required to be repaired in time, so that accumulated water in the box is removed and necessary coating repair is carried out.

(5) The drain pipe connection should remain sufficiently ductile to meet the telescoping requirements of the bridge.

7.7 support System maintenance

(1) The main bridge support and the limiting device should be maintained regularly, and the principle of maintenance and repair of the support is to ensure that the support can maintain expected stress and deformation performance.

The checking work of the support performance is to carry out primary checking on the stress state and the deflection performance of the support when the support is put into use formally, and the initial checking is used as an original record of the normal use of the support. Typically, prior to each inspection of the carrier, the carrier should be carefully cleaned and the results of each inspection carefully recorded. In the process of checking the support, whether the support is damaged or not (including the anticorrosion paint of the support) should be checked firstly. If no visible damage is found, the position of the support is also within the normal range, at this time, the actual position of the support is measured, and a record is made by combining the deviation of the actual position and the theoretical position of the support in the current use state (temperature, shrinkage, creep and load state). If the visible damage or the phenomena of deviation, deformation or crack of the position are found, the record is made, the displacement, deformation and rotation of the support are measured in detail, and the report is reported to a competent department so as to take maintenance and replacement measures for the support. And should comply with the following regulations:

the support is inspected and maintained once every year, all parts are kept complete, clean and effective, and the beam strides to move freely.

Secondly, the rest metal parts of the support except the rolling surfaces need to be maintained regularly, and the support is required to be recoated in time when being rusted.

Thirdly, the supporting position of the support and the limiting device cannot crack, and once the crack is found, the overhaul must be carried out.

(2) The support and the limiting device are required to be maintained in time when defects and faults are found, and the support and the limiting device are required to be replaced in time when the support and the limiting device are damaged or reach the design service life specified in the national industry standard or the product use specification.

(3) The spherical bearing is required to remove dust and replace lubricating oil once every year. And the shearing of the foundation nut of the support and the cracking and aging of the rubber sealing ring are found to be replaced in time. The relative displacement of the support is uniform, and the displacement is recorded twice every year in winter and summer. The height change of the support should not exceed 3mm, and the support steel parts (except stainless steel) should be subjected to paint rust prevention treatment every 3 years.

(4) The lower part of the main span expansion joint should be kept dry, so that the support and the limiting device are prevented from being corroded.

(5) The surface antirust grease of the vertical limiting pull rod should be replaced regularly to prevent aging failure.

(6) The daily maintenance work of the support is as follows:

firstly, all parts of the support are kept complete and clean, and the support is cleaned at least once every half year to remove oil stains and garbage around the support, prevent accumulated water and accumulated snow and ensure the normal work of the support; periodic inspections and maintenance are performed every year.

Secondly, the joint bolts of all parts of the support are screwed down in time, so that the support base plate is smooth and firm; and oiling and fastening the loose bolt.

Thirdly, the aging and deterioration of the support caused by contacting with oil stains are prevented, and the stainless steel plate is cleaned by cotton yarns.

And fourthly, the dust cover of the spherical support is to be maintained perfectly to prevent dust from falling into the support or rain and snow from permeating into the support.

Fifthly, the contact surfaces between the support and the beam bottom and between the support and the mortar cushion layer are smooth, the displacement and the corner of the beam body are not hindered, and the displacement and the corner value are recorded, namely whether the displacement and the corner of the support are normal is checked; the support base plate and the anchoring bolt are in close contact without being rusted; if water is accumulated on the supporting seat cushion layer, the water should be removed immediately.

And repairing or replacing the support or the support assembly in time when the support or the support assembly cannot normally work due to defects or faults.

(7) The support is used for one-time inspection, maintenance and repair at regular intervals every year. The following maintenance work is mainly performed:

checking whether a support anchor bolt is sheared or not, and whether a support rubber sealing ring is cracked or aged or not; and the replacement should be carried out in time with problems.

Secondly, whether the relative displacement of the support is uniform or not is checked, the displacement of the support is checked one by one, and the support is required to be repaired in time when a problem exists.

And thirdly, removing sundries and dust near the support, and carefully wiping the dust on the surface of the stainless steel sliding plate by using cotton fibers.

Loosening the anchor bolt nut, and cleaning and oiling to prevent the nut from being rusted.

Checking and checking the height change of the support at fixed points so as to check the abrasion condition of the poly (ethylene tetra-acetate) plate in the support, and considering whether the poly (ethylene tetra-oxide) plate needs to be replaced when the height change of the support exceeds 3 mm.

(8) The coating of the support and the upper and lower structural connectors (emphasizing the threaded part) was periodically checked, and the treated thickness of the anchor bolt and the sleeve in the connectors was 6-8 mm.

(9) When the support needs to be replaced, the type and the pier number of the support are determined, a manufacturer is arranged to manufacture the support with the same type, particularly the height of the support, and the installation size of the anchor bolt is consistent with that of the original support. The traffic flow and the load of the pier position of the support needing to be replaced are properly controlled, jacks with corresponding loads are arranged around the support, and the arrangement position of the jacks does not hinder the disassembly and the assembly of the support.

The specific replacement steps are as follows:

firstly, mounting a jack, screwing out an anchoring bolt, and then jacking the beam body away from the top surface of the support, wherein the jack is required to be jacked at a beam bottom steel plate (note that beams on all pier tops need to be jacked simultaneously, and the jacking height cannot exceed the uneven settlement required by the design of the beam part).

Screwing out the lower anchor bolt of the support;

thirdly, moving out the original support body (not including the embedded steel plate);

installing a new support body with corresponding specification;

aligning the position, screwing down the lower anchoring bolt, and fixing the support;

slowly dropping the beam, screwing in the anchoring bolt, moving out the jack and completing the replacement of the support.

7.8 substructure maintenance

(1) When the concrete surface is corroded and peeled off, and diseases such as honeycomb pitted surface and the like occur, the periphery is chiseled in time for surface protection.

(2) If the protective coating of the special-shaped bridge pier is peeled off, whether the internal stress of the special-shaped bridge pier is changed greatly or not is firstly found out, and then the special-shaped bridge pier is repaired in time.

(3) The defects of surface cracks or protective layer peeling and the like of the special-shaped bridge pier and the bearing platform are required to be repaired in time.

(4) And the moss, weeds and sundries on the surface of the bearing platform are removed in time.

(5) The foundation and foundation of the bridge should be complete and stable.

(6) When construction is carried out near the foundation, relevant standards or regulations are met, and the foundation soil body is prevented from being disturbed.

7.9 electromechanical System maintenance

7.9.1 Cable and pipeline maintenance

7.9.2 maintenance of non-obstacle vertical lift elevator

7.9.3 maintenance of maintenance lifter in steel tower

7.9.4 maintenance vehicle for beam bottom

7.9.5 Lighting System maintenance

7.9.6 dehumidification system in steel tower steel box

Maintenance requirements

Maintenance and repair

(1) The dehumidification equipment is in a closed, dry and low-dust space environment, and the relative humidity of the dry air generated by the dehumidification system in a specified space can meet the control requirement of the design on the humidity of the space environment.

(2) The air inlet pipe, the exhaust pipe, the circulating air pipe and other pipelines of the dehumidification system are required to be kept smooth, and the phenomena of leakage, blockage and damage are avoided. Cold water at the air exhaust pipe opening should not flow backwards.

(3) The switch positions of the functional air valves are kept correct, and the control of the electric air switch is kept intact and effective.

(4) The fans and transmission mechanisms of the dehumidification system are kept in running states without abnormal sound, abnormal vibration and peculiar smell.

(5) The dehumidifier should be able to reliably perform automatic start or stop within the control range set by the ambient humidity.

(6) The air filter screen of the dehumidification equipment is kept in a smooth state, the filter screen is timely replaced for warning the occurrence of filter screen blockage, the normal operation state of the unit is guaranteed, and the working efficiency of the unit is improved.

3. Operating technical standard

(1) Maintaining technical standards

The control standard of the relative humidity in the steel girder of the box is less than or equal to 45 percent RH

And secondly, the air quantity detection of the dehumidification system is in accordance with the technical standard set by completion acceptance and debugging.

And the maintenance quality of the dehumidification unit equipment meets the technical requirements of the original equipment.

Fourthly, the remote control system of the dehumidifier should be kept intact, reliable and accurate.

(2) Safety operation technical standard

The dehumidification system has rated working voltage, wherein a unit adopts a three-phase alternating current power supply (220/380V), a field remote PLC control system adopts a 220VUPS power supply to serve as a power-loss support.

Protection of overload and short circuit: the dehumidifier, the mixed pressurizing box and the pipeline fan are provided with independent, intact and reliable overload and short-circuit protection devices.

And thirdly, high-temperature protection, namely, when the operating temperature of an electric heating device of the dehumidifier is 170 ℃, the working power supply of the dehumidifier unit can be automatically cut off.

And fourthly, stopping the dehumidifier under the normal condition, cooling the electric heating device to run when the regeneration fan and the dehumidification rotating wheel of the unit are in a delay running state, and automatically stopping the fan when the temperature is lower than the set temperature by 60 ℃.

Fifthly, system grounding protection, wherein metal shells of all units of the dehumidification system and metal parts of the ventilation pipeline are reliably grounded, and the grounding mode meets the specified requirements of the power supply system

And sixthly, remote alarm prompt, wherein when the main switch of each unit of the dehumidification system is powered off, the unit is switched off, the unit is at high temperature and the filter screen is blocked, the remote control system accurately responds to the alarm prompt.

And setting parameters of the pressure difference switch are required to meet the requirements of field debugging set values of the dehumidifier.

The standard of the completeness rate of the dehumidifying unit is 90 percent.

4. Method and content for maintenance inspection

(1) Daily remote reference

Firstly, a remote monitoring interface of the dehumidification system is surveyed and consulted, the current working state of the dehumidification system is observed and judged by combining the meteorological temperature and humidity and the environmental temperature and humidity of the steel box girder, and the current working state is recorded in a working operation log.

And secondly, an interface filter screen replacement alarm prompt appears, and filter screen replacement work is timely implemented.

And thirdly, giving an alarm prompt for interface fault and timely implementing repair work.

Fourthly, the above conditions occur at night, and when the operator takes the shutdown working measures.

(2) Quarterly maintenance and technical detection

And (5) performing seasonal maintenance work on the dehumidifier.

5. Dehumidifier maintenance work

(1) The dehumidifier equipment and the surrounding environment should be kept clean and free of paper, cotton, wood, oil and other combustible substances;

(2) in the maintenance and repair work, the operator should pay attention to the work station and the arrangement of tools and accessories, and the operator is prohibited to stand on the equipment box body and the ventilation pipeline strictly.

(3) Before the dehumidifier is opened for maintenance, the power supply must be cut off and confirmed to be cut off, and then the relevant work can be carried out.

(4) In the process of dismounting the ventilating duct and the box body, safety protection must be well done by an operator.

(5) In the installation process of the whole machine, the inspection of the installation standard link of the devices in the equipment is required to be done. Before the device is put into operation, the positions of external structures and other devices must be checked to ensure that the device can be put into operation.

(6) The dehumidification equipment which is put into test operation needs to pay attention to the mechanical operation condition, has no vibration and abnormal sound, checks whether the display value of the control state of the electric appliance is normal or not, and detects the three-phase working current.

7.9.8 maintenance of grounding system (lightning arrester)

Maintenance requirements

1. And (4) the lightning arrester inspection and maintenance frequency is 1 time/month.

2. The personnel for inspecting and maintaining the lightning arrester must hold the qualified and effective special operation certificate of low-voltage electrician.

3. Before operation, workers must wear working clothes and electrician shoes, and wear safety helmets, insulating gloves and safety belts.

4. And the technical responsible person carries out safety and technical transaction to the operating personnel and makes transaction records.

5. And the monitoring center determines whether to allow the bridge-climbing operation according to the bridge deck condition.

6. The lightning arrester inspection operator must carry out safety containment strictly according to requirements.

7. And filling the lightning arrester inspection and maintenance record table by the operator on the same day.

And (5) checking and maintaining a recording meter for the lightning arrester.

7.10 pedestrian suspension bridge maintenance

The general requirements are as follows: the pedestrian suspension bridge is inspected in an artificial step inspection mode once a day, temporary protection measures are taken immediately when potential safety hazards are found, and the potential hazards are eliminated within 24 hours. And (3) timely maintaining and repairing the diseases according to the original design standard, wherein the used materials and construction quality meet the maintenance requirement.

1. Suspension rod

(1) The suspension bridge hanger rod can not be rusted, the steel cable protection of the hanger rod is checked once every quarter, and the hanger rod is in a normal working state.

(2) The hanger rod of the suspension bridge is required to be inspected and maintained once every quarter, and the fastening bolt is not required to be loosened and rusted; in hot summer and cold season, the inspection and maintenance should be strengthened, and the bolt should be tightened in time to keep the designed fastening force.

(3) The hanger rod coating should be checked once a quarter, and the coating should be maintained or repaired in time when the coating is found to be degraded.

(4) The joint area sealing position of the hanger rod and the cross beam is checked once every half year in the first year of operation and checked once every year later; when water leakage, water accumulation, paint removal and corrosion are found, the treatment should be carried out in time.

(5) The hanger rod condition should be checked once every half year in the first and second years after the pedestrian suspension bridge is used, and then checked once every year; and marking the damaged part, making a record and processing in time.

2. Support base

(1) The support is required to be inspected and cleaned once every half year and maintained once every year.

(2) Before the support maintenance, the support condition should be checked and compared with the previous checking and maintenance result.

(3) Periodically checking whether the support has the defects of void, serious deformation, crack, exposed steel plate, uneven bulge, displacement, shear overrun and the like

(4) The support bearing cushion stone should keep the top surface flat and integral intact, and should be repaired in time when damaged.

3. Telescopic device

(1) The telescopic device is flat, straight and smooth, can be freely stretched and retracted and is in a good working state. When the blockage occurs, the blockage should be removed in time, and when leakage, deformation and cracking occur, the blockage should be maintained in time. The expansion joint surface of the comb plate is required to be cleaned once a month. The beam end gap below the telescopic device is not less than twice cleaned every year.

(2) The fixing bolts of the comb plate retractor should be maintained once a quarter.

(3) The clearance of the telescopic device is measured in time when the temperature is highest and lowest every year, and the clearance is not less than the designed minimum distance and is not more than the designed maximum distance.

(4) The horizontal dislocation and the relative height difference of the telescopic device are observed every quarter.

Maintenance and repair

1. Suspension rod

(1) The suspension bridge suspender is stressed uniformly and swings uniformly. When the boom swings significantly, adjustment should be made and the sleeve nut tightened.

(2) The damping device of the suspender should be kept in a normal working state, and should be overhauled in time when abnormity or failure is found.

(3) And (4) inspecting and maintaining the longitudinal beams according to relevant regulations of the steel bridge.

2. Support base

(1) All parts of the support seat are kept complete and clean, and an effective support seat cushion plate is kept flat, tight and firmly anchored. The periphery of the support is dry and clean without water accumulation and oil stain, and problems are found and timely treated.

(2) The disengaging support is preferably treated by additionally arranging a steel backing plate.

(3) The reason of the accumulated water is checked for the accumulated water around the support, the accumulated water is treated in time, and a water-dispersing slope can be made if necessary.

(4) The shear displacement generated by the plate type rubber support under the constant load is within the design range, the top surface of the supporting cushion stone is not cracked and accumulated with water, and the rubber support is kept dry and clean.

3. Telescopic device

(1) The toothed plate telescopic device is loosened and should be screwed down in time; the comb plate should be repaired in time when lost, and the spring (backstop) pad should not be omitted. The comb plate which is seriously damaged should be replaced according to the same model in time.

(2) The sealing rubber belt (water stop belt) should be replaced in time after being damaged. The selection of the sealing rubber belt should meet the requirements of the original design on specification and performance.

(3) When the steel plate of the steel plate telescopic device is welded, warped and fallen off, the steel plate can be repaired in time.

(4) The welding time for installing the telescopic device is selected in a time period with small temperature change in the day. The ambient temperature change should not exceed 5 deg.c from the start of welding to the end of welding. After the installation and welding are finished, the positioning device is immediately detached.

(5) When the telescopic device is installed and welded, the connection form and the welding length of the connecting rib and the anchor rib meet the welding requirement, and spot welding connection is strictly forbidden.

(6) The strength of the cement concrete protective belt of the telescopic device is in accordance with the design requirement.

(7) After the concrete reaches design strength and the telescopic device is installed, the traffic can be recovered.

(8) The protective belt of the telescopic device is intact, cracking and loosening phenomena cannot occur, the area of the pot hole is not more than 0.01m2, and the depth is not more than 20 mm. The loose protective belt with the pits needs to be repaired in time. The small-area maintenance of the protective belt is preferably performed by adopting a quick repair material.

The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A bridge maintenance electronic display method based on a BIM technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the BIM information management module is used for integrating all information displayed by the bridge maintenance management module, the maintenance decision module, the health monitoring module, the emergency management module, the resource management module, the electromechanical facility management module and the detection management module, building a BIM model of the bridge, and completing bridge maintenance electronic BIM model display by utilizing a network platform PC end and a mobile phone end and combining a cloud roaming technology;

the dispatching, management and recording of the book detection task are displayed and managed through a special detection management unit;

the management mode adopts an electronization, visualization and BIM model, and combines a webpage end and a mobile phone end to display the maintenance process and method of the project in a cloud roaming and animation mode.

2. The BIM technology-based bridge maintenance electronic display method according to claim 1, wherein the steel structure anticorrosion maintenance unit displays the following specific contents:

determining a coating requirement;

coating the coating system;

and the display method comprises the steps of head animation summarization, text description, a BIM model of the whole maintenance content and animation 720 cloud roaming of the maintenance content and the maintenance process.

3. The BIM technology-based bridge maintenance electronic display method according to claim 1, wherein the steel structure weld maintenance unit displays the following concrete contents:

4. The BIM technology-based bridge maintenance electronic display method according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents displayed by the cable tower maintenance unit are as follows:

for the welded components, if cracks, incomplete fusion, slag inclusion and incomplete filling are found at the welding seams, repair welding is carried out, and the welded welding seams are immediately and evenly ground; after the cable tower crack is found, investigation and research are carried out on the crack reason, a hole can be drilled at the end part of the crack to prevent the crack from continuing to crack, and further observation is carried out;

5. The BIM technology-based bridge maintenance electronic display method according to claim 1, wherein specific contents displayed by the bridge deck maintenance unit are as follows:

maintenance and repair of the bridge deck pavement;

the related information of maintenance and repair of the drainage system;

6. The method for electronically showing bridge maintenance based on the BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete contents shown by the support system maintenance unit are as follows:

keeping the lower part of the main span expansion joint dry;

carrying out daily maintenance on the support;

when the support needs to be replaced, determining the type and pier number of the support, and arranging a manufacturer to process and produce the support with the same type, wherein the height of the support and the installation size of the anchor bolt are consistent with those of the original support; properly controlling the traffic flow and the load of the pier position of the support to be replaced, arranging jacks with corresponding loads around the support, wherein the arrangement positions of the jacks cannot hinder the disassembly and the assembly of the support;

7. The method for electronically showing bridge maintenance based on the BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete contents shown by the bridge substructure maintenance unit are as follows:

the construction near the foundation is in accordance with relevant standards or regulations;

8. The method for electronically showing bridge maintenance based on the BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific contents shown by the electromechanical system maintenance unit are as follows:

the maintenance information comprises cable and pipeline maintenance related information, barrier-free vertical lifting elevator maintenance related information, maintenance related information of an overhaul elevator in a steel tower, maintenance related information of a beam bottom overhaul vehicle, maintenance related information of an illumination system, related information of a dehumidification system in a steel tower steel box, radar monitoring maintenance related information and maintenance related information of a grounding system;

9. The BIM technology-based bridge maintenance electronic display method according to claim 1, wherein the pedestrian suspension bridge maintenance unit displays the following specific contents:

the manway suspension bridge is inspected in a manual walking mode once a day, temporary protection measures are immediately taken when potential safety hazards are found, and the potential hazards are eliminated within 24 hours; the various diseases are found to be maintained in time and maintained according to the original design standard, and the used materials and construction quality need to meet the maintenance requirement;