CN111781313B - 一种核桃小吉丁植物源引诱剂原料获取方法及其配方 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种核桃小吉丁植物源引诱剂原料获取方法，包括步骤一、植物挥发物提取与鉴定：采用大气采样仪动态顶空法，对不同核桃品种成虫取食危害后核桃树的枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分；步骤二、行为反应测定：用大气采样仪动态顶空法和Y型嗅觉仪；本发明还公开了一种核桃小吉丁虫的植物源引诱剂配方，包括莰烯25至30克、桉叶油醇15至30克、癸醛10至15克和乙酸芳樟酯8克。利用寄主树种的挥发物成分，对其起到引诱作用，引诱后其中杀灭，属于绿色、无毒、无公害的引诱物质，可以解决化学防治带来的系列问题，如农药残留多、环境易污染、成本高和食品安全等问题，克服核桃钻蛀性害虫防治难的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及核桃树除虫技术领域，具体为一种核桃小吉丁植物源引诱剂原料获取方法及其配方。
背景技术
核桃小吉丁虫。在河南、河北、山东、山西、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南等地均有分布，以幼虫在2～3年生枝条皮层中呈螺旋形串食危害，被害处膨大成瘤状，破坏输导组织，致使枝梢干枯，幼树生长衰弱，严重者全株枯死。
而目前对核桃树除虫主要是通过喷洒药物，但是此种方法会存在农药残留多、环境易污染、成本高和食品安全等问题，解决核桃钻蛀性害虫难以防治的问题。
有鉴于此特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种核桃小吉丁植物源引诱剂原料获取方法及其配方，以解决的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种核桃小吉丁植物源引诱剂原料获取方法，包括步骤一、植物挥发物提取与鉴定：采用大气采样仪动态顶空法，对不同核桃品种成虫取食危害后核桃树的枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分；步骤二、行为反应测定：用大气采样仪动态顶空法和Y型嗅觉仪，对成虫取食危害后的不同种类核桃枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分，明确雌、雄虫对该挥发物的行为反应测定和触角电位反应测定；步骤三、田间验证：在成虫取食期，将有生测活性的挥发物按照不同比例浓度复配，开展核桃小吉丁成虫的田间引诱验证试验，通过对核桃小吉丁成虫触角电位反应试验及进一步的趋势行为反应试验筛选出对核桃小吉丁成虫引诱作用较强的配方，并通过田间试验筛选对成虫的引诱效果。
其中本发明还公开了一种核桃小吉丁虫的植物源引诱剂配方，包包括莰烯、桉叶油醇、癸醛和乙酸芳樟酯和溶剂，并且莰烯、桉叶油醇、癸醛和乙酸芳樟酯质量比为1：1.04：1.05：1.1。
优选的，所述溶剂为正己烷。
采用上述技术方案后，本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：利用寄主树种的挥发物成分，对其起到引诱作用，引诱后集中杀灭，属于绿色、无毒、无公害的引诱物质，可以解决化学防治带来的系列问题，如农药残留多、环境易污染、成本高和食品安全等问题，克服核桃钻蛀性害虫防治难的问题。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
1.植物挥发物提取与鉴定：采用大气采样仪动态顶空法，对成虫取食危害后的麻核桃枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分；
2.行为反应测定：采用大气采样仪动态顶空法和Y型嗅觉仪，对成虫取食危害后的麻核桃枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分，明确雌、雄虫对该挥发物的行为反应测定和触角电位反应测定；
3.田间验证：在成虫取食期，将有生测活性的挥发物按照不同配方开展核桃小吉丁成虫的田间引诱验证试验，通过对核桃小吉丁成虫触角电位反应试验及进一步的趋势行为反应试验筛选出对核桃小吉丁成虫引诱作用较强的配方，并通过田间试验筛选对成虫的引诱效果。
实施例2
1.植物挥发物提取与鉴定：采用大气采样仪动态顶空法，对成虫取食危害后的楸子核桃枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分；
2.行为反应测定：采用大气采样仪动态顶空法和Y型嗅觉仪，对成虫取食危害后的楸子核桃枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分，明确雌、雄虫对该挥发物的行为反应测定和触角电位反应测定；
3.田间验证：在成虫取食期，将有生测活性的挥发物按照不同配方开展核桃小吉丁成虫的田间引诱验证试验，通过对核桃小吉丁成虫触角电位反应试验及进一步的趋势行为反应试验筛选出对核桃小吉丁成虫引诱作用较强的配方，并通过田间试验筛选对成虫的引诱效果。
实施例3
1.植物挥发物提取与鉴定：采用大气采样仪动态顶空法，对成虫取食危害后的铁核桃枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分；
2.行为反应测定：采用大气采样仪动态顶空法和Y型嗅觉仪，对成虫取食危害后的铁核桃枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分，明确雌、雄虫对该挥发物的行为反应测定和触角电位反应测定；
3.田间验证：在成虫取食期，将有生测活性的挥发物按照不同配方开展核桃小吉丁成虫的田间引诱验证试验，通过对核桃小吉丁成虫触角电位反应试验及进一步的趋势行为反应试验筛选出对核桃小吉丁成虫引诱作用较强的配方，并通过田间试验筛选对成虫的引诱效果。
经过上面步骤得出将莰烯、桉叶油醇、癸醛和乙酸芳樟酯按照质量比为1：1.04：1.05：1.1通过溶剂可配置出相应的通用引诱剂，适用于不同的品种核桃防虫。
其中，溶剂较好的选择为正己烷溶剂。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (2)
1.一种核桃小吉丁植物源引诱剂原料获取方法，其特征在于：包括步骤一、植物挥发物提取与鉴定：采用大气采样仪动态顶空法，对不同核桃品种成虫取食危害后核桃树的枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分；步骤二、行为反应测定：用大气采样仪动态顶空法和Y型嗅觉仪，对成虫取食危害后的不同种类核桃枝叶和树干挥发物进行收集、提取与鉴定，明确主要挥发物成分，明确雌、雄虫对该挥发物的行为反应测定和触角电位反应测定；步骤三、田间验证：在成虫取食期，将有生测活性的挥发物按照不同比例浓度复配，开展核桃小吉丁成虫的田间引诱验证试验，通过对核桃小吉丁成虫触角电位反应试验及进一步的趋势行为反应试验筛选出对核桃小吉丁成虫引诱作用较强的配方，并通过田间试验筛选对成虫的引诱效果；
所述植物源引诱剂配方包括莰烯、桉叶油醇、癸醛和乙酸芳樟酯和溶剂，并且莰烯、桉叶油醇、癸醛和乙酸芳樟酯质量比为1：1.04：1.05：1.1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种核桃小吉丁植物源引诱剂原料获取方法，其特征在于：所述溶剂为正己烷。
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| CN105638716A (zh) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-06-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | 一种防治花椒吉丁虫的信息素的诱芯及其制备方法 |
| CN107860905B (zh) * | 2017-10-24 | 2019-09-13 | 北京农学院 | 对桃蛀螟具有引诱作用的挥发性活性化合物的测定方法及应用 |
| CN208657742U (zh) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-03-29 | 山西省林业科学研究院 | 一种核桃小吉丁引诱装置 |
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