CN111781105A - Method and device for detecting dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of spray type micro-droplet - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of spray type micro-droplet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of spray-type micro-droplets. The invention is as follows: firstly, respectively carrying out a spray type lubrication cutting simulation test on each measured liquid. And secondly, dividing the dynamic wetting characteristic evaluation process of the detected liquid into a scheme layer, a criterion layer and a target layer based on an analytic hierarchy process. And thirdly, constructing a judgment matrix A of the criterion layer to the target layer. And fourthly, constructing a judgment matrix B, C, D of the scheme layer to the target layer. Fifthly, consistency detection is respectively carried out on the matrixes A, B, C, D; sixthly, correcting each matrix which does not pass consistency detection; and seventhly, calculating a weight vector omega of each scheme to the target. The dynamic wetting characteristics of each liquid to be tested were evaluated. The invention establishes a hierarchical analysis model through the adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth and the lubrication effect of atomized liquid drops respectively, and provides a method for selecting the optimal wettability cutting fluid suitable for different cutter and workpiece materials in cutting machining through the calculation of weight vectors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of droplet wetting lubrication characteristic detection, and particularly relates to a method and a device for detecting micro-droplet dynamic wetting lubrication characteristic of a spray type micro-lubrication cutter-chip contact surface.
Background
The penetration lubrication characteristic is an important factor for improving the cutting efficiency, because better penetration lubrication can allow the cutting fluid to penetrate closer to the tool tip and increase the length and strength of oil film lubrication. Thereby achieving better cooling and lubricating effects. With the continuous development of the concept of "green production", minimum quantity lubrication technology (MQL) is considered to be a green, environmentally friendly way of supplying cutting fluid. When the MQL technology is used, the cutting fluid is often in the form of micro-droplets to enter the cutter-chip contact surface for cooling and lubricating. In the metal cutting process, strong friction and abrasion exist between the cutter and the surface of a workpiece, and in order to prolong the service life of the cutter and improve the processing quality of the workpiece, cutting fluid with good wettability and lubricity needs to rapidly enter a cutting area to improve the processing process. It is therefore necessary to examine the dynamic wetting lubrication characteristics of the cutting fluid droplets to select a better performing cutting fluid.
There are not many related detection methods and devices currently available. For example, patent No. (CN109307642A) discloses a method and an apparatus for measuring wettability of each component in fine sedimentary rock. According to the method, micro-nano liquid drops are dripped on minerals, and the wettability of related minerals is detected through the properties of the liquid drops and contact angles. The detection of wettability of the patent is related to micro-droplets, but the detection focuses mainly on the wettability of minerals, and therefore is not suitable for the dynamic wetting characteristics of droplets in relative motion state in the field. The invention patent No. (CN103604726A) discloses a high-temperature, highly chemically active liquid lithium metal wettability measurement system. The device comprises a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pumping and measuring system, a sample table, a heating system and the like. The object of this patent is the wetting behavior of high temperature liquid metals on substrates, and the contact angle of the droplets was measured by impact analysis. The same is not applicable to the study of the wetting properties of cutting fluid droplets in relative motion in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for detecting wetting and adhering characteristics of liquid drops, which simulate the working condition of a tool-workpiece contact surface, aiming at the problem that the wetting and adhering characteristics of used cutting fluid are difficult to detect due to the main motion and the feed motion of a tool-workpiece in the cutting process at present. The invention relates to a relative movement mechanism device of a cutter block and a workpiece block, which simulates the working condition of cutter-workpiece relative movement; the device is a relative motion control device with controllable loading of a contact surface of a cutter and a workpiece and real-time feedback of a loading amplitude and a relative motion friction force; the method is a trace outline visual detection and comparison evaluation method based on the penetration characteristics of the liquid drops on the workpiece block and the liquid drop adhesion traces on the cutter block.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of spray-type micro-droplets, which comprises the following steps:
step one, performing spray type lubrication cutting simulation tests on the m types of tested liquid respectively to obtain the adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth and the friction force after lubrication of the tested liquid.
The method for performing the minimal quantity lubrication test on the tested liquid comprises the following steps: the cutter block is contacted with the workpiece block, pretightening force is applied to the cutter block and the workpiece block, the cutter block and the workpiece block move in a relative friction mode, and meanwhile atomized liquid to be detected is applied to the junction of the cutter block and the workpiece block through an atomizing nozzle which slides along with the cutter block. The adhesion area is the area of the measured liquid adhered to the cutter block or the workpiece block after the relative friction motion is finished; the maximum penetration depth is the maximum depth of the measured liquid penetrating into the contact surface of the cutter block and the workpiece block after the relative friction motion is finished. The magnitude of the friction force after lubrication is the average friction force during relative friction motion.
Step two, based on an analytic hierarchy process, dividing the dynamic wetting characteristic evaluation process of the detected liquid into three levels: the lowest layer is a scheme layer and consists of m kinds of tested liquid; the middle layer is a standard layer and consists of the measured liquid adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth and the friction force after lubrication. The top layer is the target layer, namely the judged optimal dynamic wetting characteristic of the measured liquid.
And step three, constructing a judgment matrix A of the criterion layer to the target layer. The adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth and the friction force after lubrication are respectively taken as three factors; respectively setting the importance influence ratio between every two of the three factors of the criterion layer;
the matrix A is established as shown in equation (1).
In the formula (1), aijRepresenting the importance influence ratio between the ith factor and the jth factor, i is 1,2,3, j is 1,2,3,
aijlarger means that the ith factor is more important than the jth factor;
computing the weight vector omega of the matrix Aa＝[ωa1,ωa2,ωa3]TAnd maximum characteristic root λa。
And step four, constructing a judgment matrix B, C, D of the scheme layer to the target layer. And (3) determining the characteristic ratio of the adhesion area between every two m kinds of the measured liquid according to the sizes of the adhesion areas of the m kinds of the measured liquid, and establishing a matrix B as shown in the formula (2). And (3) determining the maximum penetration depth characteristic ratio between every two m kinds of measured liquid according to the maximum penetration depth of the m kinds of measured liquid, and establishing a matrix C as shown in the formula (3). And (3) according to the friction force after lubrication in the test of the m tested liquids, determining the lubrication effect characteristic ratio between every two m tested liquids, and establishing a matrix D as shown in the formula (4).
Wherein, bxyRepresenting the characteristic ratio of the adhesion area of the x type tested liquid and the y type tested liquid; c. CxyRepresenting the characteristic ratio of the maximum penetration depth of the x tested liquid and the y tested liquid; dxyRepresenting the characteristic ratio of the lubricating effect of the x tested liquid and the y tested liquid; x is 1,2, …, m, y is 1,2, …, m.
Separately calculate the weight vector ω of the matrix B, C, Db＝[ωb1,ωb2,...,ωbm]T、ωc＝[ωc1,ωc2,...,ωcm]T、ωd＝[ωd1,ωd2,...,ωdm]TAnd maximum characteristic root λb、λc、λd。
Step five, consistency detection is respectively carried out on the matrixes A, B, C, D; if the matrix A, B, C, D all passes the consistency check, then step seven is entered directly.
And step six, correcting the matrix A, B, C or D which fails the consistency detection to enable the matrix to pass the consistency check.
And seventhly, calculating a weight vector omega of each scheme to the target as shown in the formula (7).
Weight eigenvalue omega1,ω2,...,ωmRespectively corresponding to m kinds of tested liquid; the larger the weight characteristic value is, the more excellent the dynamic wetting characteristics of the corresponding measured liquid is, and thereby the advantages and disadvantages of the dynamic wetting characteristics of the m kinds of measured liquids are obtained.
Preferably, in step six, the matrix A, B, C or D that fails the consistency detection is defined as the corrected matrix Z. The process of correcting the corrected matrix Z is as follows:
6-1: the weight vector omega according to the modified matrix Zz＝[ωz1,ωz2,...,ωzn]TConstructing a consistency matrix W as shown in formula (5);
6-2: calculating a disturbance matrix P as shown in formula (6);
P＝Z-W (6)
6-3: sequencing the elements at each corresponding position in the corrected matrix Z according to the sequence of the absolute values of the non-diagonal elements in the disturbance matrix P from large to small; then, sequentially correcting elements which are larger than 1 in the corrected matrix Z according to the sequence; the correction conditions are as follows: if corrected element zijNot equal to 2 and pijIf > 0, then z isijDecrease by 1. If z isijNot equal to 9 and pij<0, then z isijIncreasing by 1; otherwise, zijRemain unchanged. When an element Z greater than 1 is present in the modified matrix ZijWhen corrected, the element Z of the diagonal position of the element in the corrected matrix Z is synchronously correctedjiSo that z isji＝1/zij。
When one element which is larger than 1 in one corrected matrix Z is corrected, consistency detection is carried out on the corrected matrix Z; if the consistency detection is passed, the correction of the corrected matrix Z is completed. If the consistency detection is not passed, continuously correcting the next element in the corrected matrix Z; and if the corrected matrix Z still fails in consistency detection after all the elements larger than 1 in the corrected matrix Z are corrected, entering step 6-4.
6-4, the corrected matrix Z is taken as a new corrected matrix Z to re-execute the correction of the steps 6-1 to 6-3 until the corrected matrix Z passes the consistency detection.
Preferably, in step three, a12＝2，a13＝5，a23＝3。
Preferably, the ratio of the two types of measured liquid to the characteristics of the adhered area is determined by the following method: calculating the maximum area difference RS＝Smax-Smin；SmaxThe maximum value of the adhesion area of the m tested liquids; sminThe minimum value of the adhesion areas of the m tested liquids; the characteristic ratio of the adhesion area between the measured liquid with larger adhesion area and the measured liquid with smaller adhesion area is
Wherein,
is an upward rounding operation; Δ S is the difference in the adhesion area of the two measured liquids; sl＝RS/7。
Preferably, the determination method of the maximum penetration depth characteristic ratio of the two tested liquids is as follows: calculating the maximum penetration depth difference RL＝Lmax-Lmin；LmaxThe maximum value of the maximum penetration depth of the m tested liquids; l isminThe minimum value of the maximum penetration depth of the m tested liquids; the characteristic ratio of the length of the trace between the measured liquid with the larger maximum penetration depth and the measured liquid with the smaller maximum penetration depth is
Wherein, the delta L is the difference value of the maximum penetration depth of the two measured liquids; l isl＝RL/7。
Preferably, the method for determining the characteristic ratio of the lubricating performance of the two liquids to be measured is as follows: calculating the maximum friction difference RF＝Fmax-Fmin；FmaxThe maximum value of the friction force after lubrication in the test of the m tested liquids; fminThe minimum value of the friction force after lubrication in the test of the m tested liquids; the characteristic ratio of the lubricating performance between the measured liquid with large relative kinetic friction and the measured liquid with small relative kinetic friction is
Wherein, Δ F is the difference of the relative kinetic friction of the two measured liquids; fl＝RS/7。
Preferably, the method for detecting the consistency of the matrix in the step five is as follows: calculating consistency index of detected matrix
n is the order of the detected matrix; lambda is a characteristic root of the detected matrix; introducing a random consistency index RI; the RI is determined by the order of the detected matrixn is determined; as shown in the following table;
calculating a consistency ratio
If CR is less than 0.1, the detected matrix passes consistency check; otherwise, the detected matrix fails the consistency check.
The invention relates to a device for detecting dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of spray-type micro-droplets, which comprises an atomized micro-droplet spraying assembly, a friction feeding assembly, a workpiece block and a cutter block. The atomized micro-droplet spraying assembly absorbs the measured droplets and sprays the droplets to the junction of the workpiece block and the cutter block arranged on the friction feeding assembly. The friction feed assembly comprises a linear module, a first connecting block, a pressure cylinder and a three-way force sensor. The linear module is installed at one side of the workpiece block. The first connecting plate is fixed on the sliding block of the linear module. The other side of the first connecting plate fixed by the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder is provided with a piston rod which is arranged downwards. The cutter block is arranged at the bottom end part of a piston rod of the pressure cylinder through a three-way force sensor; the cutter block and the workpiece block are positioned on the same side of the linear module. The atomized micro-droplet spraying assembly comprises a water tank, a micro-pump, a delivery pipe and an atomizing nozzle. The atomizing nozzle is installed on the first connecting block and faces a gap between the cutter block and the workpiece block. The water inlet of the atomizing nozzle is connected with the water outlet of the water tank through a micro pump and a delivery pipe.
Preferably, the device for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of the spray-type micro-droplets further comprises a visual detection system. The visual detection system comprises a maximum penetration depth detection camera, an adhesion area detection camera and a data processing unit. The maximum penetration depth detection camera is fixed on the first connecting block, and the lens is vertically downward; the cutter block liquid drop adhesion area detection camera is installed at one end of the workpiece block through a connecting block, and the lens is vertically upward. When the maximum penetration depth detection is carried out, the lens of the maximum penetration depth detection camera is positioned right above the workpiece block. When the adhesion area is detected, the cutter block is positioned right above the lens of the adhesion area detection camera. And the data output lines of the maximum penetration depth detection camera and the adhesion area detection camera are connected with the data processing unit. The data processing unit adopts a computer.
Preferably, a three-way force sensor is arranged between the cutter block and a piston rod of the pressure cylinder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention establishes a hierarchical analysis model through the adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth and the lubrication effect of the measured liquid respectively, and provides a method for selecting the optimal wettability cutting fluid suitable for different cutter and workpiece materials in cutting machining through the calculation of the weight vector.
2. According to the invention, the atomizing nozzle is utilized to obtain micro liquid drops with smaller size, so that the micro liquid drops are more suitable for a micro lubricating mode used in an actual processing process; the method is more suitable for detecting the penetration characteristic of the micro-droplets under the capillary effect among the micro-scale slits. And the dynamic wettability detection process of the micro-droplets is realized through the high-precision sliding table.
3. The invention simplifies the cutting process and simulates the action process of micro-droplets of the cutting fluid on the contact surface of the cutter and the workpiece under the condition of micro-lubrication. The device is simple and convenient to operate and has wide adaptability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the maximum penetration depth of a fluid to be measured on a workpiece block according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the area of the liquid to be measured adhered to the cutter block according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hierarchical structure of the hierarchical selection method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a device for detecting dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of spray-type micro-droplets comprises a bottom plate, an atomized micro-droplet spraying assembly, a friction feeding assembly, a workpiece block 12 and a visual detection system. The water tank in the atomized micro-droplet spraying assembly and the friction feeding assembly are arranged side by side; the atomized micro-droplet spraying assembly sucks the measured droplets and sprays the droplets to the junction of the cutter block 9 and the workpiece block 12 of the friction feeding assembly. The friction feed assembly is aligned with the workpiece block 12. The tool block 9 and the workpiece block 12 of the friction feeding assembly perform relative friction movement while spraying atomized liquid drops, so that the liquid drops perform relative movement in the friction process to form liquid traces.
As shown in fig. 1, the friction feed assembly includes a linear die set 1, a first connecting block 3, a pressure cylinder 6, and a three-way force sensor 8. The workpiece block 12 is fixed to the base plate. The linear die set 1 is installed at one side of the work piece 12. One side of the first connecting plate 3 is fixed on the sliding block of the linear module 1. The other side of the first connecting plate 3 fixed by the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 6 is provided with a piston rod which is arranged downwards. The three-way force sensor 8 is arranged at the bottom end part of the piston rod of the pressure cylinder 6; the cutter block 9 is arranged at the bottom of the three-way force sensor 8; the tool block 9 is located on the same side of the linear die set 1 as the workpiece block 12. When the tool block 9 and the work block 12 are in contact and pressed against each other, the three-way force sensor 8 can detect the pressing force between the tool block 9 and the work block 12. The top surface area of the work piece 12 is larger than the bottom surface area of the tool block 9.
As shown in fig. 1, the atomized droplet spray assembly includes a water tank 2, a delivery tube 4, a delivery tube holder 7, a housing 9, and an atomizing nozzle 10. The water tank 2 is fixed on the bottom plate, a micro pump is installed in the water tank, and the control of the spraying flow of the liquid to be detected is realized by adjusting the output pressure of the micro pump. The conveying pipe support 7 is in an inverted U shape, one end of the conveying pipe support is fixed with the first connecting block 3, and the other end of the conveying pipe support is located on one side, away from the linear module 1, of the cutter block 9 and is provided with an atomizing nozzle 10. The atomizing nozzle 10 is directed towards the gap between the tool block 9 and the workpiece block 12. The water inlet of the atomizing nozzle 10 is connected with the water outlet of the water tank 2 through the conveying pipe 4, so that the liquid to be detected in the water tank 2 is conveyed to the atomizing nozzle 10. The delivery tube 4 is arranged along a delivery tube support 7.
The visual inspection system includes a maximum penetration depth detection camera 5, an adhesion area detection camera 13, and a data processing unit. The workpiece block liquid drop maximum penetration depth detection camera 5 is fixed on the first connecting block 3, and a lens is vertically downward; the cutter block liquid drop adhesion area detection camera 13 is fixed on the bottom plate through a connecting block, and the lens is vertically upward. When detecting the maximum penetration depth of the liquid drops, the lens of the maximum penetration depth detection camera 5 is positioned right above the workpiece block 12, and can shoot the trace of the relative movement of the liquid drops, so that the penetration depth of the liquid drops is obtained through image processing. When the droplet adhesion area is detected, the cutter block moves to a position right above the lens of the droplet adhesion area detection camera 13, and the droplet adhesion area detection camera 13 can shoot a trace of relative movement of droplets, so that the adhesion area of the droplets on the cutter block is obtained through image processing.
The method for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of the spray type micro-droplet specifically comprises the following steps:
and step one, respectively carrying out spray type minimal quantity lubrication cutting simulation tests on the three tested liquids according to the method in the step two to the step five.
And step two, the linear module 1 drives the cutter block 9 to move towards the upper part of the workpiece block 12, so that the cutter block 9 moves to the edge of the upper part of the workpiece block.
And step three, ventilating a pressure cylinder to ensure that the bottom surface of the cutter block 9 is tightly attached to the local part of the top surface of the workpiece block 12, and a preset pressing force is achieved between the bottom surface and the workpiece block.
And step four, the conveying pipe sucks the liquid to be detected from the water tank and sprays the liquid to a connecting interface of the workpiece block and the cutter through the atomizing nozzle 11. The measured liquid drops penetrate into the gap between the cutter block 9 and the workpiece block 12; the linear module 1 drives the cutter block 9 to move above the adhesion area detection camera 13, so that the cutter block 9 and the workpiece block 12 do relative friction motion; the pressure and the friction force between the tool block 9 and the workpiece block 12 in the friction process are fed back by the three-way force sensor 8 in real time.
And step five, the adhering area detection camera 13 shoots the trace of the detected liquid remained on the bottom surface of the cutter block 9 after the cutter block 9 is separated from the workpiece block 12, and the cutter block executes reset motion after detection is finished. During the resetting process, the maximum penetration depth detecting camera 5 photographs traces of the measured liquid remaining on the top surface of the work piece 12. The data processing unit respectively extracts the maximum adhesion area S and the penetration depth Max from the two obtained photos;
the area of the bottom surface of the cutter block 9 is smaller than that of the top surface of the workpiece block 12; a reference line is defined on the top face of the work block 12, which is aligned with the edge of the tool block 9 on the side near the atomizing nozzle 11. The datum line is the edge boundary line of the contact surface of the cutter block and the workpiece block;
(1) when calculating the maximum penetration depth, the distance from the deepest penetration point of the measured liquid on the workpiece block 12 to the reference line is taken as the maximum penetration depth of the measured liquid, as shown in fig. 2;
(2) when the adhesion area is calculated, the area of the measured liquid on the cutter block 9 is taken as the adhesion area of the measured liquid;
and step five, resetting the pressure cylinder 6 and the linear module 1.
And step six, based on an analytic hierarchy process, dividing the dynamic wetting characteristic evaluation process of the detected liquid into three levels: the lowest layer is a scheme layer and consists of three tested liquids; the middle layer is a standard layer and consists of the measured adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth and the friction force after lubrication; the above three criteria component factor set U ═ U1,U2,U3}，U1Is the liquid adhesion area, U2Maximum penetration depth of liquid, U3To lubricate the back friction. The top layer is the target layer, namely the judged optimal dynamic wetting characteristic of the measured liquid. The overall evaluation structure is shown in fig. 4.
And seventhly, constructing a judgment matrix A of the criterion layer to the target layer. The liquid adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth of the liquid and the friction force after lubrication are respectively taken as the 1 st factor, the 2 nd factor and the 3 rd factor; respectively setting the importance influence ratio between every two of the three factors of the criterion layer; the matrix A is shown in formula (1).
In the formula (1), aijRepresenting between the ith and jth factorsImportance impact ratio, i ═ 1,2,3, j ═ 1,2, 3; a isij＞0，
aijLarger means that the ith factor is more important than the jth factor; in this example, a11＝a22＝a33＝1，a12＝2，a13＝5，a23＝3。
Computing the weight vector omega of the matrix Aa＝[ωa1,ωa2,ωa3]TAnd maximum characteristic root λa。
And step eight, constructing a judgment matrix B, C, D of the scheme layer to the target layer. According to the sizes of the adhering areas of the three measured liquids on the cutter block 9, the characteristic ratios of the adhering areas of the three measured liquids are determined, and a matrix B is established as shown in the formula (2). And (3) determining the maximum penetration depth characteristic ratio between every two three measured liquids according to the maximum penetration depth of the three measured liquids on the workpiece block, and establishing a matrix C as shown in the formula (3). And (3) determining the lubricating effect characteristic ratio between every two three tested liquids according to the friction force after lubrication in the test of the three tested liquids, and establishing a matrix D as shown in the formula (4).
Wherein, bxyRepresenting the characteristic ratio of the adhesion area of the x type tested liquid and the y type tested liquid; c. CxyRepresenting the characteristic ratio of the maximum penetration depth of the x tested liquid and the y tested liquid; dxyRepresenting the characteristic ratio of the lubricating effect of the x tested liquid and the y tested liquid; x is 1,2,3, y is 1,2, 3.
Two kinds ofCharacteristic ratio b of adhesion area of measured liquidxyThe determination method of (2) is as follows:
calculating the maximum area difference RS＝Smax-Smin；SmaxThe maximum value of the adhesion area of the three tested liquids; sminThe minimum value of the adhering area of the three tested liquids; in the two kinds of measured liquids, the characteristic ratio of the adhesion area between the measured liquid with larger adhesion area and the measured liquid with smaller adhesion area is
Wherein,
is an upward rounding operation; Δ S is the difference (positive number) of the adhesion areas of the two liquids to be measured; sl＝RS/7。
Maximum penetration depth characteristic ratio c of two tested liquidsxyThe determination method of (2) is as follows:
calculating the maximum penetration depth difference RL＝Lmax-Lmin；LmaxThe maximum value of the maximum penetration depth of the m tested liquids; l isminThe minimum value of the maximum penetration depth of the three measured liquids; the characteristic ratio of the maximum penetration depth between the measured liquid with the larger maximum penetration depth and the measured liquid with the smaller maximum penetration depth in the two measured liquids is
Wherein,
is an upward rounding operation; Δ L is the difference (positive) of the maximum penetration depths of the two measured liquids; l isl＝RL/7。
The method for determining the lubricating performance characteristic ratio of the two tested liquids comprises the following steps:
calculating the maximum friction difference RF＝Fmax-Fmin；FmaxThe maximum of the average friction force after lubrication when the three tested liquids are testedA value; fminThe minimum value of the average friction force after lubrication in the test of the three tested liquids; of the two liquids to be measured, the characteristic ratio of the lubricating performance between the liquid to be measured having a large relative kinetic friction and the liquid to be measured having a small relative kinetic friction is
Wherein,
is an upward rounding operation; Δ F is the difference (positive number) of the relative kinetic friction forces of the two measured liquids; fl＝RF/7。
For example, the spraying flow rates of the three liquids are 18ml/min, and the detection is carried out. The detection results are as follows: adhesion area: 8.232cm2、9.130cm2、7.674cm2(ii) a Maximum penetration depth: 10.2mm, 11.5mm, 8.4 mm; average friction force: 39.20N, 38.09N, 39.48N. The pair-wise comparison of the adhesion areas then results in:
b13＝3、b 237; the results of the pairwise comparison of maximum penetration depths are:
c13＝4、c 237; the results of the pairwise comparison of the average friction forces are:
d13＝4、d23＝7。
separately calculate the weight vector ω of the matrix B, C, Db＝[ωb1,ωb2,ωb3]T、ωc＝[ωc1,ωc2,ωc3]T、ωd＝[ωd1,ωd2,ωd3]TAnd maximum characteristic root λb、λc、λd。
Step nine, consistency detection is carried out on the matrix A, B, C, D respectively, and the matrix which does not pass the consistency detection is corrected according to the method in the step ten; if both of the matrices A, B, C, D pass the consistency check, then step eleven is entered directly.
The method for consistency detection of a matrix is as follows:
calculating consistency index of detected matrix
n is the order of the detected matrix; lambda is the maximum characteristic root of the detected matrix; if the consistency index CI is equal to 0, the detected matrix has complete consistency; if CI is close to 0, the detected matrix has satisfactory consistency; the larger the CI, the more severe the inconsistency of the detected matrix. Introducing a random index RI for measuring the consistency index; the RI is determined by the order of the detected matrix; as shown in the following table; in this embodiment, the matrix A, B, C, D is a third-order matrix, so RI is 0.58.
Calculating a consistency ratio
If CR is less than 0.1, the inconsistency degree of the detected matrix is within an allowable range, and the consistency is checked; otherwise, the detected matrix fails the consistency check.
Step ten, defining each matrix A, B, C or D which does not pass the consistency detection as a corrected matrix Z, and correcting to enable the matrix to pass the consistency test. The process of correcting the corrected matrix Z is as follows:
10-1: the weight vector omega according to the modified matrix Zz＝[ωz1,ωz2,ωz3]T(i.e., the weight vector of the corrected matrix A, B, C or D) constructing a consistency matrix W as shown in equation (5);
10-2: calculating a disturbance matrix P as shown in formula (6);
in the formula (6), zijIs the element of the ith row and the jth column of the modified matrix Z.
Absolute value | P of non-diagonal element in disturbance matrix PijSorting | from big to small; p is a radical ofijRepresenting the elements of the ith row and the jth column of the disturbance matrix P to obtain a sequencing result
In this example, n is 3.
10-3: sequencing the elements at each corresponding position in the corrected matrix Z according to the sequence of the absolute values of the elements in the disturbance matrix P from large to small; then, sequentially correcting elements which are larger than 1 in the corrected matrix Z according to the sequence; the correction conditions are as follows: if corrected element zij＞1，zijNot equal to 2 and pijIf > 0, then z isijDecreasing by one scale value, i.e. by 1. If z isij＞1，zijNot equal to 9 and pij<0, then z isijIncreasing by one scale value, namely by 1; otherwise, zijRemain unchanged. When an element Z greater than 1 is present in the modified matrix ZijWhen corrected, the element Z of the diagonal position of the element in the corrected matrix Z is synchronously correctedjiSo that z isji＝1/zijLet the adjusted modified matrix Z still be the reciprocal matrix.
When one element which is larger than 1 in one corrected matrix Z is corrected, consistency detection is carried out on the corrected matrix Z; and if the consistency detection is passed and the corrected matrix Z is finished, recalculating the weight vector of the corrected matrix, wherein the corrected matrix Z is the correction result of the matrix A or B or C or D which does not pass the consistency detection. If the consistency detection is not passed, continuously correcting the next element in the corrected matrix Z; and if the corrected matrix Z still fails in consistency detection after all the elements larger than 1 in the corrected matrix Z are corrected, the step 10-4 is carried out.
For step 10-3, for example, if l1Corresponding to the corresponding element in the perturbation matrix P as P12(ii) a Then first to z21And z12And (5) correcting and carrying out consistency check.
And 10-4, re-executing the correction of the steps 10-1 to 10-3 by taking the corrected matrix Z as a new corrected matrix Z until the corrected matrix Z passes the consistency detection.
And eleventh, calculating a weight vector omega of each scheme to the target as shown in the formula (7).
Wherein the weight characteristic value omega1、ω2、ω3Respectively corresponding to three tested liquids; the larger the weight characteristic value is, the more excellent the dynamic wetting characteristics of the corresponding liquid to be measured are, and thereby the advantages and disadvantages of the dynamic wetting characteristics of the three liquids to be measured are obtained.
Weight eigenvalue omega1、ω2、ω3After normalization, the weight of the dynamic wetting characteristics of the three tested liquids to the target layer is represented.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of spray-type micro-droplets is characterized by comprising the following steps: step one, performing spray type lubrication cutting simulation tests on m types of tested liquid respectively to obtain the adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth and the friction force after lubrication of the tested liquid;
the method for performing the minimal quantity lubrication test on the tested liquid comprises the following steps: the cutter block is contacted with the workpiece block, pretightening force is applied to the cutter block and the workpiece block, the cutter block and the workpiece block move in a relative friction mode, and meanwhile, an atomized liquid to be detected is applied to the junction of the cutter block and the workpiece block through an atomizing nozzle which slides along with the cutter block; the adhesion area is the area of the measured liquid adhered to the cutter block or the workpiece block after the relative friction motion is finished; the maximum penetration depth is the maximum depth of the measured liquid penetrating into the contact surface of the cutter block and the workpiece block after the relative friction motion is finished; the friction force after lubrication is the average friction force during relative friction movement;
step two, based on an analytic hierarchy process, dividing the dynamic wetting characteristic evaluation process of the detected liquid into three levels: the lowest layer is a scheme layer and consists of m kinds of tested liquid; the middle layer is a standard layer and consists of the measured liquid adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth and the friction force after lubrication; the uppermost layer is a target layer, namely the judged optimal dynamic wetting characteristic of the measured liquid;
thirdly, constructing a judgment matrix A of the criterion layer to the target layer; the adhesion area, the maximum penetration depth and the friction force after lubrication are respectively taken as three factors; respectively setting the importance influence ratio between every two of the three factors of the criterion layer;
establishing a matrix A as shown in a formula (1);
in the formula (1), aijRepresenting the importance influence ratio between the ith factor and the jth factor, i is 1,2,3, j is 1,2,3,
aijlarger means that the ith factor is more important than the jth factor;
computing the weight vector omega of the matrix Aa＝[ωa1,ωa2,ωa3]TAnd maximum characteristic root λa；
Step four, constructing a judgment matrix B, C, D of the scheme layer to the target layer; determining the characteristic ratio of the adhesion area between every two m kinds of measured liquid according to the sizes of the adhesion areas of the m kinds of measured liquid, and establishing a matrix B as shown in a formula (2); determining the maximum penetration depth characteristic ratio between every two m kinds of measured liquid according to the maximum penetration depth of the m kinds of measured liquid, and establishing a matrix C as shown in a formula (3); determining the lubricating effect characteristic ratio between m tested liquids according to the friction force after lubrication during the test of the m tested liquids, and establishing a matrix D as shown in the formula (4);
wherein, bxyRepresenting the characteristic ratio of the adhesion area of the x type tested liquid and the y type tested liquid; c. CxyRepresenting the characteristic ratio of the maximum penetration depth of the x tested liquid and the y tested liquid; dxyRepresenting the characteristic ratio of the lubricating effect of the x tested liquid and the y tested liquid; x is 1,2, …, m, y is 1,2, …, m;
separately calculate the weight vector ω of the matrix B, C, Db＝[ωb1,ωb2,...,ωbm]T、ωc＝[ωc1,ωc2,...,ωcm]T、ωd＝[ωd1,ωd2,...,ωdm]TAnd maximum characteristic root λb、λc、λd；
Step five, consistency detection is respectively carried out on the matrixes A, B, C, D; if the matrixes A, B, C, D all pass the consistency check, directly entering the step seven;
step six, correcting the matrix A, B, C or D which does not pass the consistency detection to ensure that the matrix passes the consistency detection;
step seven, calculating a weight vector omega of each scheme to the target as shown in the formula (7);
weight eigenvalue omega1,ω2,...,ωmRespectively correspond to m kinds of quiltsMeasuring the liquid; the larger the weight characteristic value is, the more excellent the dynamic wetting characteristics of the corresponding measured liquid is, and thereby the advantages and disadvantages of the dynamic wetting characteristics of the m kinds of measured liquids are obtained.
2. The method for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating properties of the sprayed micro-droplets according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the sixth step, the matrix A, B, C or D which does not pass the consistency detection is defined as a corrected matrix Z; the process of correcting the corrected matrix Z is as follows:
6-1: the weight vector omega according to the modified matrix Zz＝[ωz1,ωz2,...,ωzn]TConstructing a consistency matrix W as shown in formula (5);
6-2: calculating a disturbance matrix P as shown in formula (6);
P＝Z-W (6)
6-3: sequencing the elements at each corresponding position in the corrected matrix Z according to the sequence of the absolute values of the non-diagonal elements in the disturbance matrix P from large to small; then, sequentially correcting elements which are larger than 1 in the corrected matrix Z according to the sequence; the correction conditions are as follows: if corrected element zijNot equal to 2 and pijIf > 0, then z isijDecrease by 1; if z isijNot equal to 9 and pij<0, then z isijIncreasing by 1; otherwise, zijKeeping the same; when an element Z greater than 1 is present in the modified matrix ZijWhen corrected, the element Z of the diagonal position of the element in the corrected matrix Z is synchronously correctedjiSo that z isji＝1/zij；
When one element which is larger than 1 in one corrected matrix Z is corrected, consistency detection is carried out on the corrected matrix Z; if the consistency detection is passed, the correction of the corrected matrix Z is completed; if the consistency detection is not passed, continuously correcting the next element in the corrected matrix Z; if all elements larger than 1 in the corrected matrix Z are corrected, and the corrected matrix Z still does not pass consistency detection, entering the step 6-4;
6-4, the corrected matrix Z is taken as a new corrected matrix Z to re-execute the correction of the steps 6-1 to 6-3 until the corrected matrix Z passes the consistency detection.
3. In the third step of the method for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating properties of the spray-type micro-droplets according to claim 1, a12＝2，a13＝5，a23＝3。
4. The method for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating properties of the spray-type micro-droplets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the two measured liquid adhesion area characteristics is determined by the following steps: calculating the maximum area difference RS＝Smax-Smin；SmaxThe maximum value of the adhesion area of the m tested liquids; sminThe minimum value of the adhesion areas of the m tested liquids; the characteristic ratio of the adhesion area between the measured liquid with larger adhesion area and the measured liquid with smaller adhesion area is
Wherein,
is an upward rounding operation; Δ S is the difference in the adhesion area of the two measured liquids; sl＝RS/7。
5. The method for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of the spray-type micro-droplets according to claim 1 comprises the following steps of: calculating the maximum penetration depth difference RL＝Lmax-Lmin；LmaxThe maximum value of the maximum penetration depth of the m tested liquids; l isminThe minimum value of the maximum penetration depth of the m tested liquids; the characteristic ratio of the length of the trace between the measured liquid with the larger maximum penetration depth and the measured liquid with the smaller maximum penetration depth is
Wherein, the delta L is the difference value of the maximum penetration depth of the two measured liquids; l isl＝RL/7。
6. The method for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of the spray type micro-droplets as claimed in claim 1 comprises the following steps: calculating the maximum friction difference RF＝Fmax-Fmin；FmaxThe maximum value of the friction force after lubrication in the test of the m tested liquids; fminThe minimum value of the friction force after lubrication in the test of the m tested liquids; the characteristic ratio of the lubricating performance between the measured liquid with large relative kinetic friction and the measured liquid with small relative kinetic friction is
Wherein, Δ F is the difference of the relative kinetic friction of the two measured liquids; fl＝RS/7。
7. The method for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating properties of the sprayed micro-droplets according to claim 1, wherein the method for detecting the consistency of the matrix in step five comprises the following steps: calculating consistency index of detected matrix
n is the order of the detected matrix; lambda is a characteristic root of the detected matrix; introducing a random consistency index RI; the RI is determined by the order number n of the detected matrix; as shown in the following table;
calculating a consistency ratio
If CR is less than 0.1, the detected matrix passes consistency check; otherwise, the detected matrix fails the consistency check.
8. A spray type micro-droplet dynamic wetting lubrication characteristic detection device comprises an atomized micro-droplet spraying assembly, a friction feeding assembly, a workpiece block and a cutter block; the method is characterized in that: the atomized micro-droplet spraying assembly absorbs the measured droplets and sprays the droplets to the junction of the workpiece block and the cutter block arranged on the friction feeding assembly; the friction feeding assembly comprises a linear module, a first connecting block, a pressure cylinder and a three-way force sensor; the linear module is arranged on one side of the workpiece block; the first connecting plate is fixed on a sliding block of the linear module; the other side of the first connecting plate is fixed on the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder, and the piston rod is arranged downwards; the cutter block is arranged at the bottom end part of a piston rod of the pressure cylinder through a three-way force sensor; the cutter block and the workpiece block are positioned on the same side of the linear module; the atomized micro-droplet spraying assembly comprises a water tank, a micro pump, a conveying pipe and an atomizing nozzle; the atomizing nozzle is arranged on the first connecting block and faces to a gap between the cutter block and the workpiece block; the water inlet of the atomizing nozzle is connected with the water outlet of the water tank through a micro pump and a delivery pipe.
9. The device for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of the sprayed micro-droplets according to claim 8, wherein: a visual inspection system is also included; the visual detection system comprises a maximum penetration depth detection camera, an adhesion area detection camera and a data processing unit; the maximum penetration depth detection camera is fixed on the first connecting block, and the lens is vertically downward; the cutter block liquid drop adhesion area detection camera is installed at one end of the workpiece block through a connecting block, and the lens is vertically upward; when the maximum penetration depth detection is carried out, the lens of the maximum penetration depth detection camera is positioned right above the workpiece block; when the adhesion area is detected, the cutter block is positioned right above the lens of the adhesion area detection camera; the data output lines of the maximum penetration depth detection camera and the adhesion area detection camera are connected with the data processing unit; the data processing unit adopts a computer.
10. The device for detecting the dynamic wetting and lubricating characteristics of the sprayed micro-droplets according to claim 8, wherein: and a three-way force sensor is arranged between the cutter block and a piston rod of the pressure cylinder.
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