CN111781061B - Plate and strip sample tensile test device and design and use method thereof - Google Patents
Plate and strip sample tensile test device and design and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111781061B CN111781061B CN202010644709.0A CN202010644709A CN111781061B CN 111781061 B CN111781061 B CN 111781061B CN 202010644709 A CN202010644709 A CN 202010644709A CN 111781061 B CN111781061 B CN 111781061B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
- G01N2203/028—One dimensional, e.g. filaments, wires, ropes or cables
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plate and strip sample tensile test device and a design and use method thereof, wherein the device comprises a U-shaped groove and a supporting block, a cylindrical clamping ring is arranged at the end part, close to the supporting block, in the U-shaped groove, the inner space of the cylindrical clamping ring is in a table shape, the space port close to one end of the supporting block is smaller than the space port far away from one end of the supporting block, the inner wall of the space of the table shape is smooth, the side surface of the space port forms an angle theta with the bottom surface of a big port, and the design method of the angle theta is provided; the pair of clamping blocks are arranged in the table body-shaped space, the side surfaces of the pair of clamping blocks forming the body are smooth, and when the pair of clamping blocks clamp the plate and strip sample, the side surfaces of the pair of clamping blocks forming the body are matched with the table body-shaped space of the cylindrical clamping ring and can be just sleeved into the table body-shaped space of the cylindrical clamping ring. The test device provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the disassembly is convenient, the used plate and strip sample does not need to be drilled at two ends, the plate and strip sample can be firmly clamped, the sample processing procedure is reduced, and the test success rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stretching device and a design method thereof, in particular to a plate and strip sample stretching test device and a design and use method thereof.
Background
Physical simulation techniques generally refer to the physical process of reproducing the heating of a material during preparation or thermal processing, or both, with a small sample, by means of a physical simulation device. The stress comprises the process of stretching or compressing a small sample, and is completed by adopting a thermal simulation tester. The patent with application number of CN200520043903.4 discloses a clamp for a tension test of an extremely thin plate belt, which is characterized by comprising two bolts and nuts, wherein the bolts consist of nuts and screws, the screws of a first bolt are screwed with the two nuts, the screws of a second bolt are provided with inner holes, the inner holes are provided with inner threads, the second screw is sleeved on the first screw, the top of the second screw and the nuts screwed on the first screw clamp a sample, and the pin holes of a pull rod of a stretcher are sleeved on the first screw and the second screw. From the selected plate and strip sample, the two ends of the plate and strip sample need to be symmetrically drilled, the plate and strip sample is sleeved into the holes through the screw rods, and then the sample is subjected to tensile deformation, however, when the plate and strip sample is high in strength, the part of the sample, which is in direct contact with the screw rods, is subjected to great stress and is easy to tear, so that the test is failed, and the asymmetry of the drilled holes on the plate and strip sample also easily causes the deviation of the test result. Therefore, in order to reliably perform the test, there is also a need to provide a better clamping device for the plate and strip sample and a design method for the same.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plate and strip sample tensile test device and a design and use method thereof, and the device designed by the method can firmly clamp a plate and strip sample without drilling holes at two ends of the sample, so that sample processing procedures are reduced, sample end tearing is avoided, test success rate is improved, and test time is shortened.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the method is realized by the following technical scheme:
the plate and strip sample tensile test device comprises two U-shaped grooves, wherein a pair of supporting blocks are arranged at the U-opening of each U-shaped groove, a cylindrical clamping ring is arranged at the end part, close to the supporting blocks, of each U-shaped groove, the inner space of each cylindrical clamping ring is in a table shape, the space port close to one end of each supporting block is smaller than the space port far away from one end of each supporting block, the inner wall of the space of each table shape is smooth, and the side surface of each table shape forms an angle theta with the bottom surface of each big port; the clamping blocks are arranged in the table body-shaped space, the side surfaces of the body formed by the clamping blocks are smooth, when the plate and strip samples are clamped by the clamping blocks, the side surfaces of the body formed by the clamping blocks are matched with the table body-shaped space of the cylindrical clamping ring, and the clamping blocks can just be sleeved in the table body-shaped space of the cylindrical clamping ring and can slide freely in the cylindrical clamping ring.
Further, the table body of the inner space of the cylindrical clamping ring is in a regular quadrangular table shape, and the section of the clamping block at the clamping block after the clamping block clamps the plate and strip sample is square.
Further, the table body of the inner space of the cylindrical clamping ring is in a round table shape, and the section of the clamping block after the clamping block clamps the plate and strip sample is in a round shape.
Further, the height of the cylindrical clamping ring is higher than that of a body formed by a pair of clamping blocks matched with the cylindrical clamping ring.
Furthermore, the two clamping blocks have the same shape and size, and the joint surface of the two clamping blocks and the sample is rough.
The design method of the plate and strip sample tensile test device comprises the following steps of:
when the angle theta is 90 degrees, a group of clamping blocks form a cylinder, the sample cannot be loaded and fails, the stress area of the cylindrical clamping ring is increased along with the gradual decrease of the angle theta from 90 degrees, but the positive pressure of the clamping blocks on the plate and strip sample is gradually reduced, if the stress area of the cylindrical clamping ring is too large, the stress area of the cylindrical clamping ring is very small, and the loading force is too large, so that the best angle theta is required to be determined, and the interaction force among the cylindrical clamping ring, the clamping blocks and the plate and strip sample is analyzed. The required maximum loading force is F, the maximum force applied to the plate and belt sample, the gravity of the clamping block is mg, and the friction coefficient between the plate and belt sample and the clamping block is mu 1 The elastic force, static friction force and sliding friction force between the two are respectively N 1 ,f,f 1 The friction coefficient between the cylindrical snap ring and the clamping block is mu 2 The elastic force and the sliding friction force between the two are respectively N 2 ,f 2 If the relative sliding occurs between the plate band sample and the clamping block, the cylindrical clamping ring and the clamping block:
f 1 =μ 1 N 1 (1)
f 2 =μ 2 N 2 (2)
if f is provided with 1 F=f, indicates that the test device is capable of providing sufficient friction to maximize the loading force of the strip specimen.
The clamping block is subjected to stress analysis, and a stress schematic diagram is shown in fig. 7, so that the following steps are obtained:
f 2 sinθ+N 2 cosθ=F (3)
N 2 sinθ-f 2 cosθ+mg=N 1 (4)
in order to ensure that the clamping blocks are clamped, static friction force f is needed between the plate and strip sample and the clamping blocks, namely:
f<f 1 =μ 1 N 1 (5)
when F is much greater than mg, mg is negligible, and is found by the combination of equations (3), (4) and (5):
as can be seen from equation (6), as long as the angle θ is greater thanThe clamping reliability in the tensile test process of the plate and strip sample can be met.
The invention relates to a use method of a plate and strip sample tensile test device, which comprises the steps that a plate and strip sample is clamped by the plate and strip sample tensile test device, two ends of the plate and strip sample are respectively clamped by each pair of supporting blocks at U openings of two U-shaped grooves, a cylindrical clamping ring abuts against the supporting blocks, the exposed length of the two ends of the sample is greater than or equal to the height of the cylindrical clamping ring, and the two ends of the sample are respectively clamped by two groups of clamping blocks arranged in the inner space of the cylindrical clamping ring.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the plate and strip sample tensile test device is simple in structure and convenient to detach, holes are not required to be drilled at two ends of the used plate and strip sample, sample processing procedures are reduced, and meanwhile the plate and strip sample can be firmly clamped by the design method of the device, so that the test success rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature tensile test device for a plate and strip sample;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a prismoid gripping block;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the frustum pyramid-shaped gripping block;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a frustoconical gripping block;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of the frustoconical gripping block;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical snap ring;
figure 7 is a force diagram of the gripping block.
In the figure: 1, a cylindrical clamping ring; 2 supporting blocks; 3, clamping the block; 4, sample; 5U-shaped groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention relates to a tensile test apparatus for a strip sample, and a method for designing and using the same. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments, which are listed for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the invention in any way.
1. Composition of plate and strip sample tensile test device
As shown in figures 1-6, the plate and strip tensile test device mainly comprises a U-shaped groove 5 of a working part of equipment, a cylindrical clamping ring 1, a supporting block 2 and a clamping block 3. The supporting block 2 is matched with a U-shaped groove 5 of a working part of the equipment, the supporting block 2 and the clamping block 3 are respectively used in groups, each pair is one group, and the supporting block 2 and the clamping block 3 are required to respectively clamp two ends of the plate and belt sample 4.
2. The method for determining the theta angle formed by the side surface of the table body space and the bottom surface of the big port comprises the following steps:
the invention relates to a cylindrical clamping ring 1 of a plate and strip sample tensile test device, wherein a clamping block 3 is made of wear-resistant steel materials, and a supporting block 2 is made of copper alloy materials. The friction coefficient of the wear-resistant steel in contact with the plate and strip sample 4 under rough conditions was measured to be mu 1 =0.4, and then the friction coefficient between contact surfaces of the wear-resistant steel under polished conditions was determined to be μ 2 =0.08
And determining that the space side surface of the cylindrical clamping ring 1 forms an angle theta with the bottom surface of the large port or the side surface of the clamping block 3 forms an angle theta with the large bottom surface according to the formula (6). Mu is added to 1 =0.4,μ 2 =0.08 substituted into equation (6)
tanθ>3.225 (7)
I.e.
θ>arctan3.225 (8)
It is determined that the angle θ should be greater than 72.8 degrees and it is determined that the angle θ is 75 degrees in order to ensure strong contact strength between the cylindrical snap ring 1 and the supporting block 2.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the cylindrical snap ring 1 is a cuboid, the internal space is in a regular quadrangular frustum shape, the angle formed by the side surface and the bottom surface of the frustum is 75 degrees, and the inner wall of the space is smooth. The outer frame of the cylindrical snap ring 1 is square with side length of 48mm, the inner frames of the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the regular quadrangular frustum of the inner space are square with side length of 20mm and side length of 28mm respectively, and the height is 15mm.
The support blocks 2 are used in groups, one group is two support blocks 2, and two groups respectively support two ends of the plate and strip sample 1. The support blocks 2 may be formed into a quadrangular prism having a length x width of 50mm x 50mm, 61mm x 50mm, and a height of 30mm on the upper and lower bottom surfaces, respectively.
The clamping blocks 3 are used in groups, one group is two clamping blocks 3, the group of clamping blocks 3 can form a quadrangular frustum of a prism, the length multiplied by the width of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the quadrangular frustum of a prism are respectively 20mm multiplied by 18mm and 28mm multiplied by 26mm, the height of the quadrangular frustum of a prism is 14mm, the contact surfaces of the two clamping blocks are rough, and the rest surfaces are smooth. The dimensions of the plate strip sample 4 were length x width x thickness, 120mm x 20mm x 2mm, and no drilling was required at both ends of the sample.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the cylindrical snap ring 1 is a cuboid, the internal space is in a truncated cone shape, the angle formed by the side surface and the bottom surface of the truncated cone is 75 degrees, and the inner wall of the space is smooth. The outer frame of the cylindrical snap ring 1 is square with the side length of 48mm, the radius of the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the circular table of the inner space is 10mm and 14mm respectively, and the height is 15mm.
The support blocks 2 are used in groups, one group is two support blocks 2, and two groups respectively support two ends of the plate and strip sample 1. The support blocks 2 may be formed into a quadrangular prism having a length x width of 50mm x 50mm, 61mm x 50mm, and a height of 30mm on the upper and lower bottom surfaces, respectively.
The clamping blocks 3 are used in groups, one group is two clamping blocks 3, after the clamping blocks 3 of the group clamp the plate strip sample 4 with the dimensions of length, width and thickness of 120mm, 20mm and 2mm, the cross section at the clamping blocks 3 of the group is circular, the minimum radius and the maximum radius of the cross section are 14mm,10.25mm respectively, the height of the cross section is 14mm, the contact surface of the two clamping blocks is rough, and the rest surfaces are smooth. The dimensions of the plate strip sample 4 were length x width x thickness, 120mm x 20mm x 2mm, and no drilling was required at both ends of the sample.
3. Using method of plate and strip sample tensile test device
The two ends of the plate band sample are respectively clamped by each pair of supporting blocks 2 at the U-shaped openings of the two U-shaped grooves 5, the cylindrical clamping ring 1 is tightly abutted against the supporting blocks 2, and the exposed lengths of the two ends of the sample 4 are larger than or equal to the height of the cylindrical clamping ring 1 and are respectively clamped by two groups of clamping blocks 3 arranged in the inner space of the cylindrical clamping ring 1. The testing machine is started to enable the U-shaped groove 5 of the working part to move, and meanwhile the supporting block 2 and the clamping block 3 are adjusted until the supporting block and the plate and strip sample 4 cannot slide relatively, and finally, loading is carried out, so that the plate and strip sample 4 can bear the force of more than 5000 newtons, and the designed plate and strip sample tensile testing device can firmly clamp the plate and strip sample 4.
Claims (7)
1. The plate and strip sample tensile test device comprises two U-shaped grooves, wherein a pair of supporting blocks are arranged at the U-opening of each U-shaped groove, and the device is characterized in that a cylindrical clamping ring is arranged at the end part, close to the supporting blocks, of each U-shaped groove, the inner space of the cylindrical clamping ring is in a table shape, the space port close to one end of each supporting block is smaller than the space port far away from one end of each supporting block, the inner wall of the space of the table shape is smooth, and the side surface of the space port forms an angle theta with the bottom surface of the large port; the pair of clamping blocks are arranged in the table body-shaped space, the side surfaces of the pair of clamping blocks forming the body are smooth, when the pair of clamping blocks clamp the plate belt sample, the side surfaces of the pair of clamping blocks forming the body are matched with the table body-shaped space of the cylindrical clamping ring and can be just sleeved into the table body-shaped space of the cylindrical clamping ring, and the angle theta is larger thanWherein: mu (mu) 1 For friction coefficient between the plate-band sample and the clamping block, mu 2 Is the friction coefficient between the cylindrical clamping ring and the clamping block.
2. The tensile test device for a strip specimen according to claim 1, wherein the table body of the internal space of the columnar snap ring is in a regular quadrangular frustum pyramid shape, and the cross section of the pair of clamping blocks at the clamping blocks after clamping the strip specimen is square.
3. The tensile test device for a strip specimen according to claim 1, wherein the table body of the inner space of the columnar snap ring is in a circular table shape, and the cross section of the pair of clamping blocks at the clamping blocks after clamping the strip specimen is circular.
4. The strip specimen tensile test device of claim 1, wherein the height of the cylindrical snap ring is greater than the height of the body formed by the pair of gripping blocks mated therewith.
5. The strip specimen tensile test device of claim 1, wherein the two clamping blocks are the same shape and size and have a rough joint surface with the specimen.
6. A method for designing a strip specimen tensile test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method for determining an angle θ between the side surface of the bench-shaped space and the bottom surface of the large port is as follows:
let the maximum loading force of the plate and belt sample be F, the gravity of the clamping block be mg, and the friction coefficient between the plate and belt sample and the clamping block be mu 1 The elastic force, static friction force and sliding friction force between the two are respectively N 1 ,f,f 1 The friction coefficient between the cylindrical snap ring and the clamping block is mu 2 The elastic force and the sliding friction force between the two are respectively N 2 ,f 2 If the relative sliding occurs between the plate band sample and the clamping block, the cylindrical clamping ring and the clamping block:
f 1 =μ 1 N 1 (1)
f 2 =μ 2 N 2 (2)
if f is provided with 1 F=f, indicating that the test device can provide sufficient friction to maximize the loading force of the strip specimen;
and carrying out stress analysis on the clamping block to obtain:
f 2 sinθ+N 2 cosθ=F(3)
N 2 sinθ-f 2 cosθ+mg=N 1 (4)
in order to ensure that the clamping blocks are clamped, static friction force f is needed between the plate and strip sample and the clamping blocks, namely:
f<f 1 =μ 1 N 1 (5)
when F is much greater than mg, mg is negligible, and is found by the combination of equations (3), (4) and (5):
7. The method for using the plate and strip sample tensile test device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the step of clamping the plate and strip sample by the plate and strip sample tensile test device, wherein two ends of the plate and strip sample are respectively clamped by each pair of supporting blocks at the U openings of the two U-shaped grooves, the cylindrical clamping rings are abutted against the supporting blocks, and the exposed lengths of the two ends of the sample are larger than or equal to the height of the cylindrical clamping rings and are respectively clamped by two groups of clamping blocks arranged in the inner space of the cylindrical clamping rings.
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FR2722881A1 (en) * | 1994-07-19 | 1996-01-26 | Aerospatiale | Flat sample holding device for high temperature traction testing |
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CN206177705U (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-05-17 | 燕山大学 | Modular tensile fixture of circular cross section sample |
CN208155730U (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-27 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | Plate and strip hot stretching clamp suitable for thermal simulation testing machine |
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CN210604185U (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-05-22 | 绍兴弘信工程检测技术有限公司 | Plate tension test device |
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2020
- 2020-07-07 CN CN202010644709.0A patent/CN111781061B/en active Active
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FR2722881A1 (en) * | 1994-07-19 | 1996-01-26 | Aerospatiale | Flat sample holding device for high temperature traction testing |
CN201965058U (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2011-09-07 | 上海大学 | Traction clamping mechanism for tensile test of small sample |
CN203299053U (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2013-11-20 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司 | Tabular sample clamp for high-temperature tensile test machine |
CN206177705U (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-05-17 | 燕山大学 | Modular tensile fixture of circular cross section sample |
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CN210604185U (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-05-22 | 绍兴弘信工程检测技术有限公司 | Plate tension test device |
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