CN111780734A - Method for measuring perpendicularity and flatness of wall surface - Google Patents
Method for measuring perpendicularity and flatness of wall surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111780734A CN111780734A CN202010714126.0A CN202010714126A CN111780734A CN 111780734 A CN111780734 A CN 111780734A CN 202010714126 A CN202010714126 A CN 202010714126A CN 111780734 A CN111780734 A CN 111780734A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/12—Instruments for setting out fixed angles, e.g. right angles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of a wall surface, belongs to the technical field of building construction, and solves the problem that a method for accurately measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface is lacked in the prior art; secondly, the coordinates of the four corner points of the wall surface in the free coordinate system are obtained by adopting the total station, the coordinates in the free coordinate system are converted into the coordinates in the standard coordinate system, so that the perpendicularity of the wall surface is calculated through the coordinates of the four corner points in the standard coordinate system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building construction, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of a wall surface.
Background
The interior of the building is inevitably deformed during construction and use. The deformation can be accepted within a certain degree, if the deformation exceeds a certain range, the normal use of the building can be influenced, even the safety of the building is endangered, the deformation of the building is mainly reflected on the change of the verticality and the flatness of the building, so that the monitoring of the verticality and the flatness of the building is particularly necessary, and the verticality and the flatness of the building are ensured within the specified range in the construction process.
The traditional method for measuring the verticality adopts a running rule, a hammer ball and the like, a feeler gauge is needed when the flatness is measured, the method depending on the running rule or the feeler gauge can only measure in a local small range and cannot accurately measure a tall and big wall, errors caused by the running rule, the hammer ball or the feeler gauge are large, and the measurement is influenced by environment and human, so that the measurement precision is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the prior art lacks a method for accurately measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall, the invention provides a method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall, which aims to solve the following problems: and (4) accurately measuring the wall by using a total station.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of a wall surface comprises the following steps:
step A: arranging a free measuring point 0 'of a total station on one side of a wall surface, establishing a free coordinate system X' O 'Y', and enabling four angular points of the wall surface to fall within a measuring range of the total station, wherein points A and D are respectively located at the top of the wall surface, and points B and C are respectively located at the bottom of the wall surface;
and B: establishing a standard coordinate system XOY, wherein the X axis of the standard coordinate system XOY is parallel to the wall surface, and the Y axis of the standard coordinate system XOY is perpendicular to the wall surface;
and C: respectively acquiring coordinates (Xn ', Yn') of four angular points in a free coordinate system by using a total station;
step D: converting the coordinates (Xn ', Yn') of the four corners in the free coordinate system into coordinates (Xn, Yn) in a standard coordinate system
Step E: calculating the verticality deviation value of the wall surface to be (Ya + Yd)/2- (Yb + Yc)/2, and calculating the measuring point distance L to be (Xa + Xd)/2- (Xb + Xc)/2
The perpendicularity of the wall surface is as follows: and M is theta/L.
By adopting the scheme, the perpendicularity of the wall surface is measured through the total station, the safety risk caused by the running rule measurement is avoided, the measuring range is larger compared with the running rule measurement, and the wall surface can be measured in a full range; secondly, the coordinates of the four corner points of the wall surface in the free coordinate system are obtained by adopting the total station, the coordinates in the free coordinate system are converted into the coordinates in the standard coordinate system, so that the perpendicularity of the wall surface is calculated through the coordinates of the four corner points in the standard coordinate system.
Preferably, step D specifically includes:
d1: detecting the coordinates (Xo ', Yo ') of the origin O of the standard coordinate system XOY in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' by using a total station;
d2: detecting the coordinates (Xp ', Yp ') of any point P on the X axis in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' in the standard coordinate system XOY by using a total station;
d3: calculating an azimuth angle alpha OP of the straight line OP in a free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ', determining a translation parameter a ═ Xo ', b ═ Yo ' between the two coordinate systems, wherein the rotation parameter alpha ═ alpha OP between the two coordinate systems;
d4: the coordinates (Xn ', Yn') in the free coordinate system are expressed using the conversion formula Xn ═ cos α (Xn '-a) -sin α (Yn' -b), Yn ═ sin α (Xn '-a) -cos α (Yn' -b).
The method for calculating the azimuth angle α OP of the straight line OP in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' in the step D3 is as follows:
the quadrant angle θ OP of the OP ═ arctan ((Yp '-Yo')/(Xp '-Xo'));
when Xp '-Xo' is more than or equal to 0 and Yp '-Yo' is more than or equal to 0, alpha op is equal to theta op;
when Xp '-Xo' <0, Yp '-Yo' is greater than or equal to 0, α op ═ θ op +180 °;
when Xp '-Xo' <0, Yp '-Yo' <0, α op ═ θ op +180 °;
when Xp '-Xo' is greater than or equal to 0 and Yp '-Yo' is less than 0, α op is θ op +360 °;
the step E further includes calculating the flatness of the wall surface, where when Yn is less than 0, the flatness is Yn + d, and when Yn is greater than 0, the flatness is Yn-d, where d is the distance from the wall surface on the Y axis from the origin O of the standard coordinate system XOY.
The step C specifically comprises the following steps: manufacturing a measuring angle square, wherein air bubbles and a reflector plate are respectively arranged on two side edges of the measuring angle square, attaching the measuring angle square to a wall surface, abutting the reflector plate against each angle point, adjusting each angle point measuring angle square until the air bubbles are located at a horizontal position, and respectively measuring coordinates (Xn ', Yn') of the four angle points in a free coordinate system by adopting a total station.
Preferably, the distance from the total station to the wall surface is not less than 1.5 times of the height of the wall surface.
Preferably, the total station is an infrared total station.
Preferably, in the step B, an origin O of the standard coordinate system XOY coincides with one corner of the wall surface. By adopting the preferred scheme, when the marked coordinate system is established, the original point O of the standard coordinate system XOY is coincided with one lateral corner point of the wall surface, so that the calculation process of the verticality and the flatness is greatly simplified, the step of coordinate conversion is optimized, and the measurement efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the eyepiece of the total station is an elbow eyepiece. By adopting the optimal scheme, the problem that the total station cannot measure due to overlarge elevation angle is avoided by using the bent tube eyepiece.
Preferably, the step D specifically includes: the total station has the angle measurement precision of 2' and the distance measurement precision of 2+2 Dppm.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the perpendicularity of the wall surface is measured through the total station, so that safety risks caused by running rule measurement are avoided, and compared with the running rule measurement, the measuring range is larger, and the wall surface can be measured in a full range; secondly, the coordinates of the four corner points of the wall surface in the free coordinate system are obtained by adopting the total station, the coordinates in the free coordinate system are converted into the coordinates in the standard coordinate system, so that the perpendicularity of the wall surface is calculated through the coordinates of the four corner points in the standard coordinate system.
2. When a marking coordinate system is established, the original point O of the standard coordinate system XOY is coincided with one lateral corner point of the wall surface, so that the calculation process of the verticality and the flatness is greatly simplified, the step of coordinate transformation is optimized, and the measurement efficiency is improved; the problem that the total station cannot measure due to the fact that the elevation angle is too large is solved by using the bent tube eyepiece.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of: a flow diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of: a measurement schematic of one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of a wall surface comprises the following steps:
step A: arranging a free measuring point 0 'of a total station 1 on one side of a wall surface 2, establishing a free coordinate system X' O 'Y', and enabling four angular points of the wall surface 2 to fall within a measuring range of the total station 1, wherein points A and D are respectively located at the top of the wall surface 2, and points B and C are respectively located at the bottom of the wall surface 2;
and B: establishing a standard coordinate system XOY, wherein the X axis of the standard coordinate system XOY is parallel to the wall surface 2, and the Y axis of the standard coordinate system XOY is perpendicular to the wall surface 2;
and C: respectively acquiring coordinates (Xn ', Yn') of four angular points in a free coordinate system by using the total station 1;
step D: converting the coordinates (Xn ', Yn') of the four corners in the free coordinate system into coordinates (Xn, Yn) in a standard coordinate system
Step E: calculating the verticality deviation value of the wall surface 2 as theta ═ Ya + Yd)/2- (Yb + Yc)/2, and calculating the measuring point distance L ═ Xa + Xd)/2- (Xb + Xc)/2
The perpendicularity of the wall surface 2 is: m ═ theta/L
The step D specifically comprises the following steps:
d1: detecting the coordinates (Xo ', Yo ') of the origin O of the standard coordinate system XOY in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' by using the total station 1;
d2: detecting the coordinates (Xp ', Yp ') of any point P on the X axis in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' in the standard coordinate system XOY by using the total station 1;
d3: calculating an azimuth angle alpha OP of the straight line OP in a free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ', determining a translation parameter a ═ Xo ', b ═ Yo ' between the two coordinate systems, wherein the rotation parameter alpha ═ alpha OP between the two coordinate systems;
d4: the coordinates (Xn ', Yn') in the free coordinate system are expressed using the conversion formula Xn ═ cos α (Xn '-a) -sin α (Yn' -b), Yn ═ sin α (Xn '-a) -cos α (Yn' -b).
The method for calculating the azimuth angle α OP of the straight line OP in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' in the step D3 is as follows:
the quadrant angle θ OP of the OP ═ arctan ((Yp '-Yo')/(Xp '-Xo'));
when Xp '-Xo' is more than or equal to 0 and Yp '-Yo' is more than or equal to 0, alpha op is equal to theta op;
when Xp '-Xo' <0, Yp '-Yo' is greater than or equal to 0, α op ═ θ op +180 °;
when Xp '-Xo' <0, Yp '-Yo' <0, α op ═ θ op +180 °;
when Xp '-Xo' is greater than or equal to 0 and Yp '-Yo' is less than 0, α op is θ op +360 °;
in the first embodiment: the height of the wall surface 2 is 30m, and the length is 50 m. Measuring the coordinates of a corner point A on the right upper part of the wall surface 2 in a free coordinate system by using a total station 1 to be (0.005,0.018), converting the coordinates into coordinates in standard coordinates, firstly measuring the coordinates (0.001,0.002) of an origin O of XOY in a free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' by using the total station 1, detecting the coordinates (0.101,0.175) of any point P on an X axis in the standard coordinate system XOY in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' by using the total station 1, determining the azimuth angle of a straight line OP in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' as Xp ' -Xo ' >0, Yp ' -Yo ' >0 and OP alpha is 60 degrees, translating parameters a between the two coordinate systems is 0.001-0.018 and b is 0.002 degrees, so that the coordinates of the corner point A in the free coordinate system are (0.005,0.018) and 0.27-36630.011-0.040 degrees, 360.35-0.011 degrees, obtaining coordinates (-0.049, -0.011) of a standard coordinate system of the angular point A, obtaining coordinates of the other three angular points in the standard coordinate system in the same way, calculating a verticality deviation value theta of the wall surface 2 as (Ya + Yd)/2- (Yb + Yc)/2 by using a formula, calculating a measuring point distance L as (Xa + Xd)/2- (Xb + Xc)/2, and calculating the verticality of the wall surface 2 as: m is theta/L; xa and Ya are coordinates of a point A, Xb and Yb are coordinates of a point B, Xc and Yc are coordinates of a point C, Xd and Yd are coordinates of a point D, theta is a verticality deviation value of the wall surface 2, L is a measuring point interval, and M is the verticality of the wall surface 2.
The step E further includes calculating the flatness of the wall surface 2, where when Yn is less than 0, the flatness is Yn + d, and when Yn is greater than 0, the flatness is Yn-d, where d is the distance from the original point O of the standard coordinate system XOY to the wall surface 2 on the Y axis.
The step C specifically comprises the following steps: manufacturing a measuring angle square, wherein air bubbles and a reflector plate are respectively arranged on two side edges of the measuring angle square, attaching the measuring angle square to a wall surface 2, abutting the reflector plate against each angle point, adjusting each angle point measuring angle square until the air bubbles are located at a horizontal position, and respectively measuring coordinates (Xn ', Yn') of the four angle points in a free coordinate system by adopting a total station 1.
The distance between the total station 1 and the wall surface 2 is not less than 1.5 times of the height of the wall surface 2.
The total station 1 is an infrared total station 1.
In the step B, the origin O of the standard coordinate system XOY coincides with one corner of the wall surface 2. The original point O of the standard coordinate system XOY is coincided with a lateral corner point of the wall surface 2, so that the calculation process of the verticality and the flatness is greatly simplified, and the step of coordinate transformation is optimized
And the eyepiece of the total station 1 is a bent pipe eyepiece. The problem that the total station 1 cannot measure due to the fact that the elevation angle is too large is solved by using the bent tube eyepiece.
The step D specifically comprises the following steps: the total station 1 has an angle measurement precision of 2' and a distance measurement precision of 2+2 Dppm.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of a wall surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: arranging a free measuring point 0 'of a total station on one side of a wall surface, establishing a free coordinate system X' O 'Y', and enabling four angular points of the wall surface to fall within a measuring range of the total station, wherein points A and D are respectively located at the top of the wall surface, and points B and C are respectively located at the bottom of the wall surface;
and B: establishing a standard coordinate system XOY, wherein the X axis of the standard coordinate system XOY is parallel to the wall surface, and the Y axis of the standard coordinate system XOY is perpendicular to the wall surface;
and C: respectively acquiring coordinates (Xn ', Yn') of four angular points in a free coordinate system by using a total station;
step D: converting the coordinates (Xn ', Yn') of the four corners in the free coordinate system into coordinates (Xn, Yn) in a standard coordinate system
Step E: calculating the verticality deviation value of the wall surface to be (Ya + Yd)/2- (Yb + Yc)/2, and calculating the measuring point distance L to be (Xa + Xd)/2- (Xb + Xc)/2
The perpendicularity of the wall surface is as follows: and M is theta/L.
2. The method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step D specifically comprises the following steps:
d1: detecting the coordinates (Xo ', Yo ') of the origin O of the standard coordinate system XOY in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' by using a total station;
d2: detecting the coordinates (Xp ', Yp ') of any point P on the X axis in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' in the standard coordinate system XOY by using a total station;
d3: calculating an azimuth angle alpha OP of the straight line OP in a free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ', determining a translation parameter a ═ Xo ', b ═ Yo ' between the two coordinate systems, wherein the rotation parameter alpha ═ alpha OP between the two coordinate systems;
d4: the coordinates (Xn ', Yn') in the free coordinate system are expressed using the conversion formula Xn ═ cos α (Xn '-a) -sin α (Yn' -b), Yn ═ sin α (Xn '-a) -cos α (Yn' -b).
3. The method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface according to claim 2, wherein the method for calculating the azimuth angle α OP of the straight line OP in the free coordinate system X ' O ' Y ' in the step D3 is as follows:
the quadrant angle θ OP of the OP ═ arctan ((Yp '-Yo')/(Xp '-Xo'));
when Xp '-Xo' is more than or equal to 0 and Yp '-Yo' is more than or equal to 0, alpha op is equal to theta op;
when Xp '-Xo' <0, Yp '-Yo' is greater than or equal to 0, α op ═ θ op +180 °;
when Xp '-Xo' <0, Yp '-Yo' <0, α op ═ θ op +180 °;
when Xp '-Xo' is ≧ 0 and Yp '-Yo' <0, α op ═ θ op +360 °.
4. The method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step E further includes calculating the flatness of the wall surface, where when Yn is less than 0, the flatness is Yn + d, and when Yn is greater than 0, the flatness is Yn-d, where d is the distance from the wall surface on the Y axis from the origin O of the standard coordinate system XOY.
5. The method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step C specifically comprises the following steps: manufacturing a measuring angle square, wherein air bubbles and a reflector plate are respectively arranged on two side edges of the measuring angle square, attaching the measuring angle square to a wall surface, abutting the reflector plate against each angle point, adjusting each angle point measuring angle square until the air bubbles are located at a horizontal position, and respectively measuring coordinates (Xn ', Yn') of the four angle points in a free coordinate system by adopting a total station.
6. The method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the total station and the wall surface is not less than 1.5 times of the height of the wall surface.
7. The method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the total station is an infrared total station.
8. The method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step B, the origin O of the standard coordinate system XOY coincides with one corner of the wall surface.
9. The method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the eyepiece of the total station is a bent pipe eyepiece.
10. The method for measuring the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step D specifically comprises the following steps: the total station has the angle measurement precision of 2' and the distance measurement precision of 2+2 Dppm.
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| CN202010714126.0A CN111780734A (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Method for measuring perpendicularity and flatness of wall surface |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103175487A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-26 | 四川省第十一建筑有限公司 | Method for expanding application of total-station instrument |
| JP2016200463A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-12-01 | 大成建設株式会社 | Measurement method using total station, and control device of total station |
| CN109855611A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-07 | 中南大学 | A kind of PC wall rapid survey calibration method based on total station |
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2020
- 2020-07-22 CN CN202010714126.0A patent/CN111780734A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103175487A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-26 | 四川省第十一建筑有限公司 | Method for expanding application of total-station instrument |
| JP2016200463A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-12-01 | 大成建設株式会社 | Measurement method using total station, and control device of total station |
| CN109855611A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-07 | 中南大学 | A kind of PC wall rapid survey calibration method based on total station |
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