CN111780635A - Stope to interface slope blasting - Google Patents
Stope to interface slope blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111780635A CN111780635A CN202010757197.9A CN202010757197A CN111780635A CN 111780635 A CN111780635 A CN 111780635A CN 202010757197 A CN202010757197 A CN 202010757197A CN 111780635 A CN111780635 A CN 111780635A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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Abstract
The invention relates to stope-to-interface slope blasting, which comprises a blasting agent experiment stage, wherein the blasting agent experiment stage is used for carrying out experiment blasting on the amount of used blasting agents before blasting; in the blasting hole setting stage, setting the interval, depth, holes and angle of the blasting holes, and setting the minimum resistance line; a blasting medicine filling stage, wherein medicine filling is carried out in the blasting hole, and the filling amount is determined; in the initiation stage, the filled blasting agents are initiated in sequence; according to the invention, experimental blasting is carried out according to actual conditions, a contrast blasting area SO is defined, and the interval, the angle, the depth, the amount of filling medicine and the minimum resistance line of the blasting holes of each arrangement layer are designed by combining the data with the actual rock hardness, SO that the accuracy of each parameter of smooth blasting is improved, and the final forming effect of the smooth blasting is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of blasting, and particularly relates to stope-to-interface slope blasting.
Background
Smooth blasting is the scope and direction of action of control blasting, makes the rock wall face smooth and flat after the blasting prevent the rock fracture, reduces super short digging and support work load, increases the stability of rock wall, reduces the destructive effect of blasting to keeping the rock mass, and then reaches a technique of control rock mass excavation profile, and in smooth blasting, blast hole interval, the degree of depth, the angle, diameter and minimum resistance line, blasting medicine filling volume all will influence the effect of smooth blasting, in the prior art, does not have the preparation method of confirming these parameters, makes smooth blasting shaping effect not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and accordingly the present invention provides a stope to interface slope blasting, which comprises,
the experimental stage of the blasting agent comprises the steps of carrying out experimental blasting on the used amount of the blasting agent before blasting, correspondingly, recording experimental data to generate an experimental blasting data matrix M (L, P, H, Z, S0), wherein L represents the single-hole loading used in the experiment, P represents the large block rate of a measured blasting pile, H represents the throwing distance of a soil block after blasting, Z represents the hole drilling and trace remaining rate, and S0 represents the comparison blasting area;
a blast hole setting stage which is divided into a first arrangement layer, a second arrangement layer, a third arrangement layer and a fourth arrangement layer according to the blast hole arrangement layer, measures the hardness of the corresponding rock stratum, setting the interval, depth, hole and angle of the blast holes, setting the minimum resistance line, recording the set data in a blast hole arrangement layer data matrix P (P1, P2, P3 and P4), wherein P1 denotes a first arrangement layer matrix, P2 denotes a second arrangement layer matrix, P3 denotes a third arrangement layer matrix, P4 denotes a fourth arrangement layer matrix, and for the ith arrangement layer matrix Pi (Pi1, Pi2, Pi3, Pi4, Pi5), wherein Pi1 represents the i-th formation hardness, which is measured in advance, Pi2 represents the i-th formation blast hole spacing, Pi3 represents the i-th formation blast hole diameter, Pi4 represents the i-th formation blast hole depth, and Pi5 represents the i-th formation blast hole depth;
the method comprises the steps of (1) blasting medicine filling, wherein medicine filling is carried out in blasting holes, firstly, pre-blasting square amount V is calculated, and according to the pre-blasting square amount Vy, the pre-blasting square amount Vy is compared with experimental blasting square amount V to determine the medicine filling amount of the blasting holes of each arrangement layer;
and in the detonation stage, the smooth blasting adopts a millisecond detonator to blast the blasting holes according to a preset sequence.
Specifically, in the blasting agent experiment stage, before blasting, the used amount of blasting agent is subjected to experiment blasting, and correspondingly, experiment data is recorded to generate an experiment blasting data matrix M (L, P, H, Z, S0), wherein L represents the single-hole loading used in the experiment, P represents the large block rate of a measured blasting pile after blasting, H represents the throwing distance of a soil block after blasting, Z represents the hole drilling and trace remaining rate, and S0 represents the comparison blasting area; then, the dosage parameter Y is determined by the following formula,
wherein P is the bulk rate of the blasting pile after actual blasting, P0 is the bulk rate of the blasting pile after preset blasting, H is the actual throwing distance after blasting, H0 is the preset throwing distance H0, Z is the actual drilling mark rate Z after blasting, and H0 is the preset drilling mark rate; then, the experimental blasting earth volume V under the single-hole loading L is recorded, the maximum drilling number n on the same straight line during the experimental blasting is recorded, the comparison blasting area S0 is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein, V represents the experimental blasting earth volume, Y represents the dosage parameter Y, and n represents the maximum drilling number n on the same straight line during the experimental blasting.
Specifically, after the experimental stage of the blasting agent is completed, a blasting hole setting stage is performed, wherein the blasting hole interval, the depth, the hole size and the angle are set, and the minimum resistance line is set, the embodiment of the invention is provided with a blasting hole arrangement layer data matrix P (P1, P2, P3 and P4), wherein P1 represents a first arrangement layer matrix, P2 represents a second arrangement layer matrix, P3 represents a third arrangement layer matrix, P4 represents a fourth arrangement layer matrix, and for an ith arrangement layer matrix Pi (Pi1, Pi2, Pi3, Pi4 and Pi5), wherein Pi1 represents the hardness of an ith arrangement layer, which needs to be measured in advance, Pi2 represents the blasting hole interval of the ith arrangement layer, Pi3 represents the blasting hole diameter of the ith arrangement layer, Pi4 represents the blasting hole angle of the ith arrangement layer, and Pi4 represents the hole depth of the ith arrangement layer; and recording the set data into a blast hole arrangement layer data matrix P.
Further, when the blast holes are designed in the blast hole adjusting stage, firstly, the interval between the blast holes is designed, and for two adjacent blast holes Ki, Ki +1, i ═ 1, 2, 3.. n, within a certain separation range, the two adjacent blast holes Ki, Ki +1, i ═ 1, 2, 3.. n have a coincidence area S1 compared with the blast area S0, the blast area coincidence parameters S1, S2, S3 are preset in the embodiment of the invention, the coincidence area S1 is compared with the blast area coincidence parameters, and the separation distance between the blast holes is determined,
when the blast hole is provided in the first arrangement layer, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the first arrangement layer as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a first rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the first arrangement layer according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the first rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, the blast hole interval is finally set to
When the common hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, finally setting the blast hole interval as
When the common hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally setting the blast hole interval as
When the blast hole is provided in the second layout layer 2, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the second arrangement layer as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a second rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the second arrangement layer according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the second rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally setting the blast hole interval as
When the second rock formation has a normal hardness f of 10 or more and 15 or less, blast holes are finally set at a spacing of
When the second rock layer has a normal hardness f of 5 or more and 10 or less, blast holes are finally set at a spacing of
When the blast hole is provided in the third arrangement layer 3, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the third arrangement layer 3 as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a third rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the third arrangement layer 3 according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the third rock stratum is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally setting the blast hole intervalIs composed of
When the common hardness f of the third rock layer is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, the blast hole interval is set to be
When the common hardness f of the third rock layer is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
When the blast hole is provided in the fourth deposition layer 4, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the fourth arrangement layer 4 as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a fourth rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the fourth arrangement layer 4 according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
When the common hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
When the common hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
Further, when the diameter of the blast hole, the angle of the blast hole, the depth of the blast hole, and the minimum resistance line are set in the blast hole setting stage, the diameter of the blast hole is determined according to drilling equipment, which is directly U, and the depth of the blast hole is gradually deepened,
for the first arrangement layer, the blast hole depth P14 is the distance from the ground to the first step 5;
for the second arrangement level, the blast hole depth P24 is the distance from the ground to the second step 6;
for the third arrangement layer, the blast hole depth P34 is the distance from the ground to the third step 7;
for the fourth arrangement, the blast hole depth P44 is the distance from the ground to the fourth step 8;
in the blast hole setting stage, when the blast hole angle Pi5 is set,
for the first placement layer, the blast hole angle P15 is equal to the ramp angle C0,
for the second layup, the blast hole angle P25 is equal to 50;
for the third placement layer, the blast hole angle P35 is equal to 100;
for the fourth layup, the blast hole angle P45 is equal to 0, perpendicular to the ground;
when the minimum resistant line 9 is set, the minimum resistant line is set to be outside the fourth arrangement layer, the size of the minimum resistant line is initially set to be U multiplied by 15,
then, the minimum resisting line size is finally determined according to the set position rock hardness,
when the set position common hardness f is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally setting the size of the minimum resistant line to be U multiplied by 15 multiplied by 0.7;
when the set position common hardness f is larger than 10 and smaller than or equal to 15, finally setting the minimum resistance line size to be U multiplied by 15;
when the set position common hardness f is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally setting the size of the minimum resistant line to be U multiplied by 15 multiplied by 1.2;
and finishing the blast hole adjusting stage.
Further, after the blast hole adjusting stage is completed, a blast medicine filling stage is carried out, correspondingly, medicine filling is carried out in the blast hole, firstly, a pre-blasting square amount V is calculated, the pre-blasting square amount Vy is compared with an experimental blasting square amount V according to the pre-blasting square amount Vy, the using amount of the filled blast medicine is determined,
for the first arrangement layer, the dosage of blasting drugs filled in the blasting holes of the first arrangement layer is set as,
wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then the dosage of the filling blasting medicament is finally determined according to the hardness of the first rock stratum where the first arrangement layer is located,
when the ordinary hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
When the ordinary hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
When the ordinary hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
For the second arrangement layer, the dosage of blasting drugs filled in the blasting holes of the second arrangement layer is set as
Wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then the dosage of the filling blasting medicament is finally determined according to the hardness of a second rock stratum of a second arrangement layer,
when the second rock layer has a normal hardness f of 15 or more and 20 or less, the amount of the filler blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the second rock stratum has the common hardness f larger than 10 and smaller than or equal to 15, finally determining the filling blasting agentIn an amount of
When the second rock stratum has the general hardness f larger than 5 and smaller than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
For the third arrangement layer, the dosage of blasting drugs filled in the blast holes of the third arrangement layer is set as
when the third rock layer has a plain hardness f of 15 or more and 20 or less, the amount of the filler blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the third rock layer has a normal hardness f of 10 or more and 15 or less, the amount of the filling blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the third rock stratum has the common hardness f larger than 5 and smaller than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
For the fourth arrangement layer, the dosage of blasting drugs filled in the blasting holes of the fourth arrangement layer is set as
when the ordinary hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, the amount of the filling blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the normal hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
When the normal hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
After the blasting holes are filled with the medicament, the blasting holes are blocked, and the blocking materials are generally dry fine sand soil, sand, clay and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the technical effects that experimental blasting is carried out according to actual conditions, the reference blasting area SO is defined, more accurate process parameters can be conveniently determined in the subsequent process, the data is combined with the actual rock hardness, the spacing, the angle, the depth, the amount of the filling medicine and the minimum resistance line of the blasting holes of each arrangement layer are designed, the accuracy of each parameter of the smooth blasting is improved, and the final forming effect of the smooth blasting is further improved.
Particularly, the invention carries out experimental blasting in advance, determines a dosage parameter Y according to the preset single-hole loading capacity, the large block rate of a blasting pile after blasting, the throwing distance of a soil block after blasting and the drilling mark retention rate, and defines a contrast blasting area S0, wherein the parameters are convenient to measure and calculate, have representative blasting effect, and are convenient for the subsequent operation process to more accurately determine blasting parameters according to actual conditions.
In particular, in the blast hole setting stage, the setting interval of the blast holes is determined according to the blasting area S0, the experimental blasting provides data, the determined interval of the blast holes is more accurate, and the setting parameters of the interval of the blast holes can meet various actual conditions due to local benefits by combining the hardness of rock strata where the corresponding blast holes are located when the interval of the blast holes is determined, and meanwhile, the setting parameters are more accurate and stable, so that the final effect of smooth blasting is improved.
In particular, in the blasting agent filling stage, the blasting agent filling amount of each blasting hole is determined according to the data obtained in the experimental blasting stage in combination with the actual blasting data and the hardness of the rock layer where the blasting hole is located, so that the parameters are more accurate, the blasting agent filling amount is the most important part in smooth blasting, the filling amount is accurate and stable, and the stability and the final effect of the smooth blasting are indirectly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a stope-to-interface slope blasting provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The above and further features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a cross-sectional view of an interface ramp blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment includes,
the experimental stage of the blasting agent comprises the steps of carrying out experimental blasting on the used amount of the blasting agent before blasting, correspondingly, recording experimental data to generate an experimental blasting data matrix M (L, P, H, Z, S0), wherein L represents the single-hole loading used in the experiment, P represents the large block rate of a measured blasting pile, H represents the throwing distance of a soil block after blasting, Z represents the hole drilling and trace remaining rate, and S0 represents the comparison blasting area;
a blast hole setting stage which is divided into a first arrangement layer, a second arrangement layer, a third arrangement layer and a fourth arrangement layer according to the blast hole arrangement layer, measures the hardness of the corresponding rock stratum, setting the interval, depth, hole and angle of the blast holes, setting the minimum resistance line, recording the set data in a blast hole arrangement layer data matrix P (P1, P2, P3 and P4), wherein P1 denotes a first arrangement layer matrix, P2 denotes a second arrangement layer matrix, P3 denotes a third arrangement layer matrix, P4 denotes a fourth arrangement layer matrix, and for the ith arrangement layer matrix Pi (Pi1, Pi2, Pi3, Pi4, Pi5), wherein Pi1 represents the i-th formation hardness, which is measured in advance, Pi2 represents the i-th formation blast hole spacing, Pi3 represents the i-th formation blast hole diameter, Pi4 represents the i-th formation blast hole depth, and Pi5 represents the i-th formation blast hole depth;
the method comprises the steps of (1) blasting medicine filling, wherein medicine filling is carried out in blasting holes, firstly, pre-blasting square amount V is calculated, and according to the pre-blasting square amount Vy, the pre-blasting square amount Vy is compared with experimental blasting square amount V to determine the medicine filling amount of the blasting holes of each arrangement layer;
and in the detonation stage, the smooth blasting adopts a millisecond detonator to blast the blasting holes according to a preset sequence.
Specifically, in the blasting agent experiment stage, before blasting, the used amount of blasting agent is subjected to experiment blasting, and correspondingly, experiment data is recorded to generate an experiment blasting data matrix M (L, P, H, Z, S0), wherein L represents the single-hole loading used in the experiment, P represents the large block rate of a measured blasting pile after blasting, H represents the throwing distance of a soil block after blasting, Z represents the hole drilling and trace remaining rate, and S0 represents the comparison blasting area; then, the dosage parameter Y is determined by the following formula,
wherein P is the bulk rate of the blasting pile after actual blasting, P0 is the bulk rate of the blasting pile after preset blasting, H is the actual throwing distance after blasting, H0 is the preset throwing distance H0, Z is the actual drilling mark rate Z after blasting, and H0 is the preset drilling mark rate; then, the experimental blasting earth volume V under the single-hole loading L is recorded, the maximum drilling number n on the same straight line during the experimental blasting is recorded, the comparison blasting area S0 is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein, V represents the experimental blasting earth volume, Y represents the dosage parameter Y, and n represents the maximum drilling number n on the same straight line during the experimental blasting.
Specifically, after the experimental stage of the blasting agent is completed, a blasting hole setting stage is performed, wherein the blasting hole interval, the depth, the hole size and the angle are set, and the minimum resistance line is set, the embodiment of the invention is provided with a blasting hole arrangement layer data matrix P (P1, P2, P3 and P4), wherein P1 represents a first arrangement layer matrix, P2 represents a second arrangement layer matrix, P3 represents a third arrangement layer matrix, P4 represents a fourth arrangement layer matrix, and for an ith arrangement layer matrix Pi (Pi1, Pi2, Pi3, Pi4 and Pi5), wherein Pi1 represents the hardness of an ith arrangement layer, which needs to be measured in advance, Pi2 represents the blasting hole interval of the ith arrangement layer, Pi3 represents the blasting hole diameter of the ith arrangement layer, Pi4 represents the blasting hole angle of the ith arrangement layer, and Pi4 represents the hole depth of the ith arrangement layer; and recording the set data into a blast hole arrangement layer data matrix P.
Specifically, when the blast holes are designed in the blast hole adjustment stage, firstly, the interval between the blast holes is designed, and the overlapping area S1 is provided for the comparison blast area S0 in a certain separation range for two adjacent blast holes Ki, Ki +1, i ═ 1, 2, 3.. n, in the embodiment of the invention, the overlapping parameters S1, S2, S3 of the blast area are preset, the overlapping area S1 is compared with the overlapping parameter of the blast area, and the separation distance between the blast holes is determined,
when the blast hole is provided in the first arrangement layer 1, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the first arrangement layer 1 as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a first rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the first arrangement layer 1 according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the first rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, the blast hole interval is finally set to
When the common hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, finally setting the blast hole interval as
When the common hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally setting the blast hole interval as
When the blast hole is provided in the second layout layer 2, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the second arrangement layer 2 as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a second rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the second arrangement layer 2 according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the second rock stratum isWhen the normal hardness f is more than 15 and not more than 20, the blast hole interval is set to be
When the second rock formation has a normal hardness f of 10 or more and 15 or less, blast holes are finally set at a spacing of
When the second rock layer has a normal hardness f of 5 or more and 10 or less, blast holes are finally set at a spacing of
When the blast hole is provided in the third arrangement layer 3, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the third arrangement layer 3 as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a third rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the third arrangement layer 3 according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the third rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, the blast hole interval is finally set to
When the common hardness f of the third rock layer is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, the blast hole interval is set to be
When the common hardness f of the third rock layer is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
When the blast hole is provided in the fourth deposition layer 4, s1 thereof<S1<s2By preliminarily setting predetermined blast holes at intervals of
Correspondingly, taking the fourth arrangement layer 4 as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a fourth rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the fourth arrangement layer 4 according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
When the common hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
When the common hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
Specifically, when the blast hole setting stage sets the diameter of the blast hole, the angle of the blast hole, the depth of the blast hole, and the minimum resistance line, the diameter of the blast hole is determined by the drilling equipment, which is directly U, and the depth of the blast hole is gradually deepened,
for the first arrangement layer, the blast hole depth P14 is the distance from the ground to the first step 5;
for the second arrangement level, the blast hole depth P24 is the distance from the ground to the second step 6;
for the third arrangement layer, the blast hole depth P34 is the distance from the ground to the third step 7;
for the fourth arrangement, the blast hole depth P44 is the distance from the ground to the fourth step 8;
in the blast hole setting stage, when the blast hole angle Pi5 is set,
for the first placement layer, the blast hole angle P15 is equal to the ramp angle C0,
for the second layup, the blast hole angle P25 is equal to 50;
for the third placement layer, the blast hole angle P35 is equal to 100;
for the fourth layup 4, the blast hole angle P45 is equal to 0, perpendicular to the ground;
when the minimum resistant line 9 is set, the minimum resistant line is set to be outside the fourth arrangement layer, the size of the minimum resistant line is initially set to be U multiplied by 15,
then, the minimum resisting line size is finally determined according to the set position rock hardness,
when the set position common hardness f is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally setting the size of the minimum resistant line to be U multiplied by 15 multiplied by 0.7;
when the set position common hardness f is larger than 10 and smaller than or equal to 15, finally setting the minimum resistance line size to be U multiplied by 15;
when the set position common hardness f is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally setting the size of the minimum resistant line to be U multiplied by 15 multiplied by 1.2;
and finishing the blast hole adjusting stage.
Specifically, after the blast hole adjustment stage is completed, a blast medicine filling stage is performed, and correspondingly, medicine filling is performed in the blast hole, firstly, a pre-blasting square amount V is calculated, the pre-blasting square amount Vy is compared with an experimental blasting square amount V according to the pre-blasting square amount Vy, the amount of the filled blast medicine is determined,
for the first arrangement layer 1, the amount of blasting agent filled in the blasting holes of the first arrangement layer 1 is set as,
wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then the dosage of the filling blasting medicament is finally determined according to the hardness of the first rock stratum where the first arrangement layer is located,
when the ordinary hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
When the ordinary hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
When the ordinary hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
For the second arrangement layer 2, the amount of blasting agent filled in the blasting holes of the second arrangement layer 2 is set as
Wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then the dosage of the filling blasting medicament is finally determined according to the hardness of a second rock stratum of a second arrangement layer,
when the second rock layer has a normal hardness f of 15 or more and 20 or less, the amount of the filler blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the second rock layer has a normal hardness f of 10 or more and 15 or less, the amount of the filling blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the second rock stratum has the general hardness f larger than 5 and smaller than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
For the third arrangement layer 3, the dosage of blasting agent filled in the blasting holes of the third arrangement layer 3 is set as
Wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then, the layer 3 is arranged according to the thirdThe hardness of the three rock layers, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting medicament,
when the third rock layer has a plain hardness f of 15 or more and 20 or less, the amount of the filler blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the third rock layer has a normal hardness f of 10 or more and 15 or less, the amount of the filling blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the third rock stratum has the common hardness f larger than 5 and smaller than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
For the fourth arrangement layer 4, the amount of blasting agent filled in the blasting holes of the fourth arrangement layer 4 is set as
Wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then the dosage of the filling blasting medicament is finally determined according to the hardness of a fourth rock stratum of a fourth arrangement layer 4,
when the ordinary hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, the amount of the filling blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the normal hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
When the normal hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
After the blasting holes are filled with the medicament, the blasting holes are blocked, and the blocking materials are generally dry fine sand soil, sand, clay and the like.
Specifically, in the detonation stage, the millisecond detonators are adopted for smooth blasting, the detonation interval of adjacent detonators is not larger than 100 milliseconds, and during detonation, the detonators are detonated according to a fixed detonation sequence, firstly the blast holes of the fourth arrangement layer are detonated, then the blast holes of the third arrangement layer are detonated, then the blast holes of the second arrangement layer are detonated, and finally the blast holes of the first arrangement layer are detonated.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A stope to interface slope blasting is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
the experimental stage of the blasting agent comprises the steps of carrying out experimental blasting on the used amount of the blasting agent before blasting, correspondingly, recording experimental data to generate an experimental blasting data matrix M (L, P, H, Z, S0), wherein L represents the single-hole loading used in the experiment, P represents the large block rate of a measured blasting pile, H represents the throwing distance of a soil block after blasting, Z represents the hole drilling and trace remaining rate, and S0 represents the comparison blasting area;
a blast hole setting stage, which is divided into a first arrangement layer, a second arrangement layer, a third arrangement layer and a fourth arrangement layer according to the blast hole arrangement layers, measures the hardness of the corresponding rock formations, sets the interval, depth, holes and angle of the blast holes by combining the rock formation hardness and an experimental blasting data matrix M (L, P, H, Z, S0), sets the minimum resistance line, records the set data in a blasting hole arrangement layer data matrix P (P1, P2, P3 and P4), wherein P1 represents a first arrangement layer matrix, P2 represents a second arrangement layer matrix, P3 represents a third arrangement layer matrix, P4 represents a fourth arrangement layer matrix, and for an i arrangement layer matrix Pi (Pi1, Pi2, 85Pi 25, Pi4 and Pi5), wherein Pi1 represents the hardness of the i arrangement layer, which needs to be measured in advance, Pi 85 represents the i arrangement layer, Pi 38 represents the diameter of the Pi arrangement layer, pi4 represents ith placement layer blast hole depth, Pi5 represents ith placement layer blast hole angle;
the method comprises the steps of (1) blasting medicine filling, wherein medicine filling is carried out in blasting holes, firstly, pre-blasting square amount V is calculated, and according to the pre-blasting square amount Vy, the pre-blasting square amount Vy is compared with experimental blasting square amount V to determine the medicine filling amount of the blasting holes of each arrangement layer;
and in the detonation stage, the smooth blasting adopts a millisecond detonator to blast the blasting holes according to a preset sequence.
2. The stope-to-interface slope blasting according to claim 1, wherein said blasting agent experimental phase is first determined using the following formula for the dosage parameter Y,
wherein P is the bulk rate of the blasting pile after actual blasting, P0 is the bulk rate of the blasting pile after preset blasting, H is the actual throwing distance after blasting, H0 is the preset throwing distance H0, Z is the actual drilling mark rate Z after blasting, and H0 is the preset drilling mark rate; then, the experimental blasting earth volume V under the single-hole loading L is recorded, the maximum drilling number n on the same straight line during the experimental blasting is recorded, the comparison blasting area S0 is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein, V represents the experimental blasting earth volume, Y represents the dosage parameter Y, and n represents the maximum drilling number n on the same straight line during the experimental blasting.
3. The stope-to-interface slope blasting according to claim 1, wherein in the blasthole adjustment stage, when blastholes are designed, blasthole intervals are first designed, and for two adjacent blastholes Ki, Ki +1, i ═ 1, 2, 3.. n, in a certain interval range, the blastholes have a coincidence area S1 in comparison with a blasting area S0, in the embodiment of the present invention, blasting area coincidence parameters S1, S2, and S3 are preset, and the coincidence area S1 is compared with the blasting area coincidence parameters to determine the separation distance between blastholes.
4. The stope-to-interface slope blasting of claim 3, wherein the blasthole adjustment phase is s1 for blastholes in the first arrangement when set<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the first arrangement layer as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a first rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the first arrangement layer according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the first rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, the blast hole interval is finally set to
When the common hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, finally setting the blast hole interval as
When the common hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally setting the blast hole interval as
When the blast hole is provided in the second layout layer, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the second arrangement layer as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a second rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the second arrangement layer according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the second rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally setting the blast hole interval as
When the second rock formation has a normal hardness f of 10 or more and 15 or less, blast holes are finally set at a spacing of
When the second rock layer has a normal hardness f of 5 or more and 10 or less, blast holes are finally set at a spacing of
When the blast hole is provided in the third arrangement layer, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the third arrangement layer as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a third rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the third arrangement layer according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the third rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, the blast hole interval is finally set to
When the common hardness f of the third rock layer is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, the blast hole interval is set to be
When the common hardness f of the third rock layer is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
When the blast hole is provided in the fourth arrangement layer, s1 thereof<S1<s2, based on the preliminary setting of the predetermined blast holes as intervals
Correspondingly, taking the fourth arrangement layer as a reference, extending the preset distance h in two directions to obtain a fourth rock stratum, finally determining the blast hole interval of the fourth arrangement layer according to the normal hardness of the rock stratum,
when the common hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
When the common hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
When the common hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, blast holes are finally arranged at intervals of
5. The stope-to-interface slope blasting according to claim 1, wherein the blasthole adjustment stage is characterized in that the blasthole diameter is determined by drilling equipment, which is directly U, when the blasthole depth is set, and the blasthole depth is gradually deepened,
for the first arrangement layer, the blast hole depth P14 is the distance from the ground to the first step;
for the second arrangement layer, the blast hole depth P24 is the distance from the ground to the second step;
for the third placement layer, the blast hole depth P34 is the distance from the ground to the third step;
for the fourth arrangement, the blast hole depth P44 is the distance from the ground to the fourth step.
6. The stope-to-interface slope blasting of claim 1, wherein the blasthole adjustment phase, when setting the blasthole angle,
for the first placement layer, the blast hole angle P15 is equal to the ramp angle C0,
for the second layup, the blast hole angle P25 equals 5 °;
for the third layup, the blast hole angle P35 equals 10 °;
for the fourth layup, the blast hole angle P45 is equal to 0, perpendicular to the ground.
7. The stope-to-interface slope blasting of claim 1, wherein the blasthole adjustment phase is designed for a line of least resistance
The minimum resisting line size is finally determined according to the set position rock hardness,
when the set position common hardness f is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally setting the size of the minimum resistant line to be U multiplied by 15 multiplied by 0.7;
when the set position common hardness f is larger than 10 and smaller than or equal to 15, finally setting the minimum resistance line size to be U multiplied by 15;
when the set position-common hardness f is greater than 5 and equal to or less than 10, the minimum resistant line size is finally set to U × 15 × 1.2.
8. The stope-to-interface slope blasting according to claim 1, wherein the blasting agent charging stage, when determining the amount of the charging blasting agent,
for the first arrangement layer, the dosage of blasting drugs filled in the blasting holes of the first arrangement layer is set as,
wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then the dosage of the filling blasting medicament is finally determined according to the hardness of the first rock stratum where the first arrangement layer is located,
when the ordinary hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
When the ordinary hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
When the ordinary hardness f of the first rock stratum is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
For the second arrangement layer, the dosage of blasting drugs filled in the blasting holes of the second arrangement layer is set as
Wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then the dosage of the filling blasting medicament is finally determined according to the hardness of a second rock stratum of a second arrangement layer,
when the second rock layer has a normal hardness f of 15 or more and 20 or less, the amount of the filler blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the second rock layer has a normal hardness f of 10 or more and 15 or less, the amount of the filling blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the second rock stratum has the general hardness f larger than 5 and smaller than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
For the third arrangement layer, the dosage of blasting drugs filled in the blast holes of the third arrangement layer is set as
Wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then the using amount of the filling blasting medicament is finally determined according to the hardness of a third rock stratum of a third arrangement layer,
when the third rock layer has a plain hardness f of 15 or more and 20 or less, the amount of the filler blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the third rock layer has a normal hardness f of 10 or more and 15 or less, the amount of the filling blasting agent is finally determined to be
When the third rock stratum has the common hardness f larger than 5 and smaller than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
For the fourth arrangement layer, the dosage of blasting drugs filled in the blasting holes of the fourth arrangement layer is set as
Wherein L is the single-hole loading amount in the experimental blasting stage, and then the using amount of the filling blasting medicament is finally determined according to the hardness of a fourth rock stratum of a fourth arrangement layer,
when the plain hardness f of the fourth rock stratum is more than 15 and less than or equal to 20, finally determining the filling blastThe dosage of the broken medicine is
When the normal hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 10 and less than or equal to 15, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
When the normal hardness f of the fourth rock layer is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10, finally determining the dosage of the filling blasting agent as
9. The stope-to-interface slope smooth blasting according to claim 1, wherein in the detonation stage, the smooth blasting is performed by using millisecond detonators, the detonation interval of adjacent detonators is not greater than 100 milliseconds, and when the detonators are detonated according to a fixed detonation sequence, the blast holes of the fourth arrangement layer are detonated first, then the blast holes of the third arrangement layer are detonated, then the blast holes of the second arrangement layer are detonated, and finally the blast holes of the first arrangement layer are detonated.
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| JPS5455709A (en) * | 1977-10-12 | 1979-05-04 | Nippon Oils & Fats Co Ltd | Smooth blasting tecnique |
| JP2000128686A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-09 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Smooth blasting method |
| CN102147218A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2011-08-10 | 广东宏大爆破股份有限公司 | Reverse hole distributing method used in longhole bench blasting |
| CN110567329A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-12-13 | 中铁七局集团有限公司 | differential blasting vibration and flyrock control method |
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2020
- 2020-07-31 CN CN202010757197.9A patent/CN111780635B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5455709A (en) * | 1977-10-12 | 1979-05-04 | Nippon Oils & Fats Co Ltd | Smooth blasting tecnique |
| JP2000128686A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-09 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Smooth blasting method |
| CN102147218A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2011-08-10 | 广东宏大爆破股份有限公司 | Reverse hole distributing method used in longhole bench blasting |
| CN110567329A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-12-13 | 中铁七局集团有限公司 | differential blasting vibration and flyrock control method |
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