CN111779705A - Fiber composite material fan blade based on bionic laying structure - Google Patents
Fiber composite material fan blade based on bionic laying structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111779705A CN111779705A CN202010714056.9A CN202010714056A CN111779705A CN 111779705 A CN111779705 A CN 111779705A CN 202010714056 A CN202010714056 A CN 202010714056A CN 111779705 A CN111779705 A CN 111779705A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber composite fan blade based on a bionic laying structure, which consists of two groups of fiber layer laying parts which have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged in a superposed manner; each group of fiber layer laying part is formed by stacking a plurality of groups of fiber layers, wherein: the surface fiber layer is positioned on the surface of the fan blade and is a surface fiber layer imitating the fiber structure on the surface of the feather shaft of the large-scale owl; between the lower part of the surface of the fan blade and the central surface of the fan blade, leaf tip fiber layers imitating the fiber structure at the feather tip part of the feather shaft of the large-scale owl are alternately paved with leaf root fiber layers imitating the fiber structure at the feather root part of the feather shaft of the large-scale owl in sequence. The invention adopts the fiber laying structure imitating the feather shafts of large-scale owls, thereby improving the bending resistance, torsion resistance and toughness of the fan blades of the fiber composite material and homogenizing the stress of the fan blades.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material structures in the field of mechanical engineering, and particularly relates to a fiber composite material fan blade based on a bionic laying structure.
Background
With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the requirements for the comprehensive performance of fan blades in the aerospace technology field are higher and higher. The fiber composite material has the characteristics of light weight and good mechanical property, and is more and more widely applied to the technical field of modern aerospace engineering. Because the layering mode of the traditional fiber composite material fan blade is diversified, the bending resistance and the torsion resistance of the blade tip and the blade root are difficult to find an effective lifting method, and the stress distribution of the blade root is uneven and the toughness is poor.
Therefore, how to improve the bending resistance and torsion resistance of the blade tip and the blade root of the fan blade and the stress and toughness of the blade root by adjusting the paving structure on the premise of meeting the design rule of composite material paving in the aviation field is an important problem in the current design.
Scientific researchers find that the biological structure of the feather shaft of large-sized owls in the nature has special properties of bending resistance, torsion resistance, stress homogenization, higher toughness and the like in the process of bionics research. Therefore, the study and analysis on the biological characteristics show that the fiber arrangement structures at different positions in the feather shafts of the large owls are different, so that the intensities at different positions are different, and a good idea is provided for designing the fiber arrangement structures of the fan blades in the technical field of aerospace.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the fiber composite fan blade based on the bionic laying structure, and the bending resistance, torsion resistance, toughness and stress homogenization of the fiber composite fan blade are improved by adopting the fiber laying structure imitating the feather shaft of the large-scale owls. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows by combining the attached drawings of the specification:
a fan blade made of a fiber composite material based on a bionic laying structure is composed of two groups of fiber layer laying parts which are identical in structure and symmetrically arranged in a stacked mode;
each group of fiber layer laying part is formed by stacking a plurality of groups of fiber layers, wherein:
the surface fiber layer is positioned on the surface of the fan blade and is a surface fiber layer imitating the fiber structure on the surface of the feather shaft of the large-scale owl;
between the lower part of the surface of the fan blade and the central surface of the fan blade, leaf tip fiber layers imitating the fiber structure at the feather tip part of the feather shaft of the large-scale owl are alternately paved with leaf root fiber layers imitating the fiber structure at the feather root part of the feather shaft of the large-scale owl in sequence.
Further, each group of fiber layer laying part is formed by sequentially stacking 22 groups of fiber layers, wherein:
group 1 is a surface fiber lay;
group 2, group 4, group 6, group 8 and group 10 are tip fiber plies;
groups 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 are root fiber plies.
Further, the surface fiber laying layer is formed by laying 11 fiber layers, and the surface fiber laying angle sequentially from the surface of the blade to the central plane direction is as follows: (45 + -x) °, (90 + -x) °, (-45 + -x) °, (0 + -x) °, (45 + -x) °, (90 + -x) °, (-45 + -x) °, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5;
the blade tip fiber laying layer is formed by 8 fiber layers in a laying mode, and the blade tip fiber laying layer angle sequentially comprises the following components in the direction from the surface of the blade to the central plane: (-45 + -y) °, (-30 + -y) °, (-15 + -y) °, (0 + -y) °, (15 + -y) °, (30 + -y) °, (45 + -y) °, wherein y is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5;
the blade root fiber laying layer is formed by 8 fiber layers in a laying mode, and the blade root fiber laying layer angle is sequentially from the surface of the blade to the direction of the central plane: (0 + -z) °, (30 + -z) °, (60 + -z) °, (90 + -z) °, (-60 + -z) °, (-30 + -z) °, (0 + -z) °, wherein 0 ≦ z ≦ 5.
Further, the surface fiber lay-up is a complete lay-up;
the complete layering refers to a layered structure which completely covers the surface of the fiber composite fan blade;
the blade tip fiber laying layer and the blade root fiber laying layer are overlapped laying layers;
the overlapped layup refers to a laminated structure in which one or more layers of degressive layups are laid between two complete layups, and the degressive layups refer to a laminated structure which covers part of the surface of the fan blade made of the fiber composite material and the coverage area of the degressive layups layer by layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fan blade made of the fiber composite material based on the bionic laying structure is laid by adopting ten fiber layers with angles of-60 degrees, -45 degrees, -30 degrees, -15 degrees, 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees and the like according to the fiber laying mode of the pinna axis of the large owl, has wider angle change range compared with the traditional fan blade which is only laid by four fiber layers with angles of 45 degrees, 90 degrees, -45 degrees and 0 degrees, and has better effect of resisting different loads at different positions, in the fiber composite fan blade based on the bionic laying structure, the number of the 90-degree fiber layers in the fan blade accounts for 14.3 percent of the total number of the laying layers, is approximately equal to 15 percent of the number of the 90-degree fiber layers in the feather shaft of the large-scale owls, compared with the traditional layering mode, the bending resistance, torsion resistance and toughness of the fan blade are improved by 140 percent, and the stress at the blade root of the fan blade is obviously homogenized.
2. According to the bionic laying structure-based fiber composite fan blade, the fiber laying structures at different positions of the blade tip and the blade root imitate the fiber laying structures at corresponding positions of the feather shafts of large-scale owls, and the laying mode can well resist different loads applied to different positions of the blade, so that the overall performance of the blade is improved.
3. The fiber composite material fan blade based on the bionic laying structure considers the problem of continuity inside the laying layer which is not considered in the traditional laying mode, each two layers of continuous drop laying layers are separated by two layers of continuous complete laying layers, and the stress concentration phenomenon caused by resin deposition due to excessive continuous drop laying layers is effectively solved.
4. According to the fiber composite material fan blade based on the bionic laying structure, the laying angle alpha determined in the three laying structures can have equal angle increase and decrease changes in a small range, the angle variability is more flexible than that of a traditional laying mode, the laying angle is controlled in a certain range, and the composite load borne by the blade can be well resisted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic model diagram of a fan blade made of a fiber composite material based on a bionic laying structure according to the invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of the circumferential fiber structure of the root part of the shaft of a large owl;
fig. 2b is a schematic view of the axial fiber structure of the root part of the shaft of the large owl;
FIG. 2c is a schematic view of cross-fiber structure at the pinnate tip of the shaft of large owl;
FIG. 2d is a schematic view of the axial fiber structure of the pinna tip of the shaft of large owl;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a layer profile projection curve of a fiber composite material fan blade based on a bionic laying structure according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a layering sequence of a fiber composite fan blade based on a bionic laying structure according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of three layer structures of the fan blade made of the fiber composite material based on the bionic layer structure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of three layer structure groups of the fan blade made of the fiber composite material based on the bionic layer structure;
fig. 7a is a schematic view of a layer structure imitating the surface of a large-scale owl feather shaft in the fiber composite fan blade based on a bionic laying structure according to the present invention;
fig. 7b is a schematic view of a layer structure imitating the feather tip part of a large-scale owl feather shaft in the fiber composite fan blade based on the bionic layer structure according to the present invention;
fig. 7c is a schematic view of a layer structure imitating the root part of a large-scale owl feather shaft in the fiber composite fan blade based on the bionic layer structure according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
For clearly and completely describing the technical scheme and the specific working process thereof, the specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows by combining the attached drawings of the specification:
the invention discloses a bionic laying structure-based fiber composite fan blade, which is particularly suitable for the technical field of aviation.
As shown in fig. 1, for clarity of description of the technical solution of the present invention, the outward extending direction of the fan blades is set to be the positive Y-axis direction, and in the plane of the fan blades, the direction perpendicular to the Y-axis and located on the clockwise right side of the Y-axis is set to be the positive X-axis direction.
The fan blade is characterized in that the fan blade is made of a fiber composite material based on a bionic laying structure and is formed by laying a plurality of fiber layers, according to the prior art, the fan blade is made of two groups of fiber layer laying parts which are identical in structure and symmetrically arranged in a stacked mode, so that the plurality of fiber layers forming the fan blade are laid to form n groups of fiber layers, wherein n is an even number, and in the two groups of symmetrical fiber layer laying parts, each group of fiber layer laying parts is formed by stacking n/2 groups of fiber layers.
Because the fibre of different regions on the fan blade spreads the load that the layer received different, so, the fibre to different regions on the fan blade spreads the layup angle of layer also to be different to constitute different fibre and spread the layer structure, and then improve the bulk strength of blade, wherein: the laying form of the fiber laying layer imitates the fiber laying structure of the large-scale owl feather shaft.
In this embodiment, taking a fiber composite fan blade based on a bionic laying structure and composed of 22 groups of fiber layers as an example, that is, n is 22, a specific laying structure of the fiber composite fan blade based on the bionic laying structure is described in detail as follows:
the fan blade is characterized in that the fan blade is made of 22 groups of fiber layers and is made of fiber layer laying parts which have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged in a stacked mode, and each group of the fiber layer laying parts is made of 11 groups of the fiber layers in the two groups of the symmetrical fiber layer laying parts in a stacked mode; the 11 groups of fiber layers are sequentially arranged from the surface of the fan blade to the central plane of the fan blade, wherein the structure of each fiber layer is as follows:
the 1 st group of fiber layups is 11 complete layups, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the complete layups refer to complete coverage of the surface of the fiber composite fan blade, namely, 100% coverage of the height is realized along the Y-axis direction of the fan blade; the position of the 1 st group of fiber laying layers is located on the surface of the fan blade, the laying structure of 11 fiber layers in the 1 st group of fiber laying layers is a large-scale owl feather shaft imitating surface fiber structure, wherein the 45-degree fiber layers are laid on the surface of the blade to improve the shock resistance of the blade, and as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7a, the fiber laying angles sequentially from the surface of the blade to the central plane are as follows: 45 °, 90 °, -45 °, 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, -45 °, 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, -45 °;
the fiber plies of groups 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 are all 8 layers/groups of overlapping plies to reduce adverse effects such as resin deposition and improve fan blade strength, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the overlapping plies refer to a laminated structure with one or more layers of drop ply laid between two complete plies: the surface of the fiber composite fan blade is completely covered, namely, the coverage of 100% of the height is realized along the Y-axis direction of the fan blade; the drop ply is: partially covering the surface of the fan blade made of the fiber composite material, namely, the height of the fan blade along the Y-axis direction is less than 100% of the coverage, and in the Y-axis direction, compared with a complete layer, the coverage height of the degressive layer decreases gradually layer by layer; the fiber laying layers of the groups 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 are mainly positioned at the blade tip part of the fan blade, and the blade is subjected to larger bending moment and torque due to the blade tip part of the fan blade, so the fiber laying layers of the groups 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 imitate the fiber structure of the feather tip part of a large-scale owl feather shaft, wherein the cross fibers and the mixed fiber layer of 0 degree are laid to improve the bending resistance and torsion resistance of the blade tip part of the fan blade, and as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7b, the fiber laying angles from the surface to the central plane of the fan blade are as follows: -45 °, -30 °, -15 °, 0 °, 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, 45 °;
the fiber plies of groups 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 are all 8 layers/groups of overlapped plies to reduce adverse effects such as resin deposition and improve fan blade strength, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the overlapped plies refer to a laminated structure with one or more layers of drop ply laid between two complete plies: the surface of the fiber composite fan blade is completely covered, namely, the coverage of 100% of the height is realized along the Y-axis direction of the fan blade; the drop ply is: partially covering the surface of the fan blade made of the fiber composite material, namely, the height of the fan blade along the Y-axis direction is less than 100% of the coverage, and in the Y-axis direction, compared with a complete layer, the coverage height of the degressive layer decreases gradually layer by layer; the fiber laying layers of the 3 rd group, the 5 th group, the 7 th group, the 9 th group and the 11 th group are mainly positioned at the root part of the fan blade, and the blade is subjected to larger shear load due to the root part of the fan blade, so the fiber laying layer structures of the 3 rd group, the 5 th group, the 7 th group, the 9 th group and the 11 th group imitate the fiber structure at the root part of a large-scale owl feather shaft, the fiber layer laying of nearly 0 degree and nearly 90 degrees can increase the toughness of the root part of the fan blade, and the root stress is homogenized, as shown in figures 5, 6 and 7c, the fiber laying angle sequentially from the surface to the central plane of the fan blade is as follows: 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 90 °, -60 °, -30 °, 0 °.
The fiber laying angle refers to an included angle between the laying direction of the fiber cloth forming the fiber laying and the x axis of the fan blades, wherein:
the fiber lay angle of 0 degrees means that: the laying direction of the fiber cloth is consistent with the positive direction of the X axis of the fan blades;
the fiber lay angle of 15 ° means: the laying direction of the fiber cloth and the positive included angle of the X axis of the fan blade are 15 degrees and are positioned in the positive and counterclockwise direction of the X axis;
the fiber lay angle of 30 ° means: the laying direction of the fiber cloth and the positive included angle of the X axis of the fan blade are 30 degrees and are positioned in the positive and counterclockwise direction of the X axis;
the fiber lay angle of 45 degrees means: the laying direction of the fiber cloth is consistent with the angular bisector direction of an included angle between the positive direction of the X axis and the positive direction of the Y axis of the fan blade;
the fiber lay angle of 60 degrees means: the laying direction of the fiber cloth and the positive included angle of the X axis of the fan blade are 60 degrees and are positioned in the positive and counterclockwise direction of the X axis;
the fiber lay angle is 90 degrees, which means that: the laying direction of the fiber cloth and the positive direction included angle of the X axis of the fan blade are 90 degrees, and the fiber cloth is positioned in the positive direction anticlockwise direction of the X axis and is consistent with the positive direction of the Y axis of the fan blade;
the fiber layering angle is-60 degrees, which means that: the laying direction of the fiber cloth and the positive included angle of the X axis of the fan blade are 120 degrees and are positioned in the positive and counterclockwise direction of the X axis;
the fiber lay angle is-45 degrees, which means that: the laying direction of the fiber cloth is consistent with the angular bisector direction of an included angle between the negative direction of the X axis and the positive direction of the Y axis of the fan blade;
the fiber lay angle is-30 degrees, which means that: the laying direction of the fiber cloth and the X-axis positive included angle of the fan blades are 150 degrees and are positioned in the X-axis positive and counterclockwise directions;
the fiber lay angle is-15 degrees, which means that: the laying direction of the fiber cloth and the positive included angle of the X axis of the fan blade are 165 degrees and are positioned in the positive and counterclockwise direction of the X axis;
in the fiber layering angles: the fiber layer with the fiber layer angle of 90 degrees is a circumferential fiber structure imitating the feather root part of the shaft of the large-scale owl, as shown in fig. 2 a; the fiber layer with the fiber layer angle of 0 degree is an axial fiber structure imitating the feather root position and the feather tip position of the large-scale owl feather shaft, as shown in fig. 2b and 2 d; the fiber layer with the fiber layer angle of +/-45 degrees is a cross fiber structure imitating the feather tip position of the feather axis of large-scale owls, as shown in fig. 2 c.
In addition, the fiber ply angles in each group of fiber plies can be increased or decreased by 0-5 degrees at equal angles, for example:
the 1 st group of fiber laying angles can be increased by 2 degrees from the surface of the blade to the central plane at equal angles, and the angles are sequentially as follows: 47 °, 92 °, -43 °, 2 °, 47 °, 92 °, -43 °, 2 °, 47 °, 92 °, -43 °;
the fiber lay angles of the 2 nd group, the 4 th group, the 6 th group, the 8 th group and the 10 th group can be reduced by 2 degrees from the surface of the blade to the central plane at equal angles, and the following steps are carried out in sequence: -47 °, -32 °, -17 °, -2 °, -2 °, 13 °, 28 °, 43 °;
the fiber layer angles of the 3 rd group, the 5 th group, the 7 th group, the 9 th group and the 11 th group can be increased by 3 degrees in an equal angle from the surface of the blade to the central plane, and the following steps are sequentially carried out: 3 deg., 33 deg., 63 deg., 93 deg., 57 deg., 27 deg., 3 deg. or more
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a fibre composite fan blade based on bionical structure of laying, its characterized in that:
the fiber composite fan blade is composed of two groups of fiber layer laying parts which have the same structure and are symmetrically overlapped;
each group of fiber layer laying part is formed by stacking a plurality of groups of fiber layers, wherein:
the surface fiber layer is positioned on the surface of the fan blade and is a surface fiber layer imitating the fiber structure on the surface of the feather shaft of the large-scale owl;
between the lower part of the surface of the fan blade and the central surface of the fan blade, leaf tip fiber layers imitating the fiber structure at the feather tip part of the feather shaft of the large-scale owl are alternately paved with leaf root fiber layers imitating the fiber structure at the feather root part of the feather shaft of the large-scale owl in sequence.
2. A fiber composite fan blade based on a bionic laid structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
each group of fiber layer laying part is formed by sequentially stacking 22 groups of fiber layers, wherein:
group 1 is a surface fiber lay;
group 2, group 4, group 6, group 8 and group 10 are tip fiber plies;
groups 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 are root fiber plies.
3. A fibre composite fan blade based on a biomimetic layup structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the surface fiber laying layer is formed by laying 11 fiber layers, and the surface fiber laying angle is sequentially from the surface of the blade to the direction of the central plane: (45 + -x) °, (90 + -x) °, (-45 + -x) °, (0 + -x) °, (45 + -x) °, (90 + -x) °, (-45 + -x) °, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5;
the blade tip fiber laying layer is formed by 8 fiber layers in a laying mode, and the blade tip fiber laying layer angle sequentially comprises the following components in the direction from the surface of the blade to the central plane: (-45 + -y) °, (-30 + -y) °, (-15 + -y) °, (0 + -y) °, (15 + -y) °, (30 + -y) °, (45 + -y) °, wherein y is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5;
the blade root fiber laying layer is formed by 8 fiber layers in a laying mode, and the blade root fiber laying layer angle is sequentially from the surface of the blade to the direction of the central plane: (0 + -z) °, (30 + -z) °, (60 + -z) °, (90 + -z) °, (-60 + -z) °, (-30 + -z) °, (0 + -z) °, wherein 0 ≦ z ≦ 5.
4. A fibre composite fan blade based on a bionic laid structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the surface fiber ply is a complete ply;
the complete layering refers to a layered structure which completely covers the surface of the fiber composite fan blade;
the blade tip fiber laying layer and the blade root fiber laying layer are overlapped laying layers;
the overlapped layup refers to a laminated structure in which one or more layers of degressive layups are laid between two complete layups, and the degressive layups refer to a laminated structure which covers part of the surface of the fan blade made of the fiber composite material and the coverage area of the degressive layups layer by layer.
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| CN112848378B (en) * | 2020-12-26 | 2022-03-29 | 吉林大学 | Fiber reinforced composite blade material with bionic structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN112810259A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-18 | 吉林大学 | Synergistic bionic composite material laminated plate based on bird feathers and preparation method thereof |
| CN112810259B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-01-04 | 吉林大学 | Synergistic bionic composite material laminated plate based on bird feathers and preparation method thereof |
| US20230415882A1 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-12-28 | Helicoid Industries Inc. | High impact-resistant, reinforced fiber for leading edge protection of aerodynamic structures |
| US11952103B2 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-04-09 | Helicoid Industries Inc. | High impact-resistant, reinforced fiber for leading edge protection of aerodynamic structures |
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