CN111779469B - Horizontal well crawler perforating system and perforating method - Google Patents
Horizontal well crawler perforating system and perforating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111779469B CN111779469B CN202010014038.XA CN202010014038A CN111779469B CN 111779469 B CN111779469 B CN 111779469B CN 202010014038 A CN202010014038 A CN 202010014038A CN 111779469 B CN111779469 B CN 111779469B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009193 crawling Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal well crawler perforation system and a perforation method. The system comprises a crawling perforating gun and a ground controller; the crawler comprises a tension nipple 1, a CCL nipple 2, an electronic circuit nipple 4, a pushing nipple 5 and a driving nipple 6, wherein the tension nipple 1 and the CCL nipple 2 are arranged at the forefront end; the ground controller comprises a computer and a control box, and the control box can be communicated with the electronic circuit nipple 4; the crawler 11 is connected with the perforating gun 12 in series, and the driving nipple 6 is additionally arranged, so that the problem that the conventional perforating process is difficult to implement in a horizontal well can be well solved; the crawler 11 can utilize a power device of the crawler to convey the perforating gun 12 to a target well section, and perforation operation is completed by ignition, so that compared with drill rod and oil pipe conveying, construction time is saved, labor intensity is reduced, and construction risk is reduced; compared with a continuous oil pipe conveying mode, the cost is low, and the continuous oil pipe conveying device can convey a longer distance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a horizontal well perforating system and a perforating method, in particular to a horizontal well crawler perforating system and a perforating method.
Background
The perforating operation is an important link in the oil-gas-water well completion and production process of the oil field, and the current oil-gas-water well perforating method mainly comprises two steps, namely perforating after a perforating gun is carried by a cable to be lowered to a target interval, and detonating the perforating gun to perforate in a firing or pressurizing mode after a perforating gun is carried by a drill rod, an oil pipe or a continuous oil pipe to be lowered to the target interval. However, for a horizontal well, the well deviation is larger and is normally more than 80 degrees, even 100 degrees can be achieved, the descending power assistance is increased in the perforation of the first section of the horizontal well due to the well deviation, the cable can not advance in the horizontal section due to the fact that the dead weight of the perforating gun is too small, and the self-locking of a transmission tool can be caused by the transmission perforation of a continuous oil pipe and the like, so that the perforating gun is difficult to be lowered to a target layer section with a large inclination for perforation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects, and provides a horizontal well crawler perforating system and a perforating method, which aim to solve the technical problems that the horizontal well cannot be perforated in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a horizontal well crawler perforating system and a perforating method, wherein the system comprises a crawler perforating device and a ground controller; the crawler comprises a tension nipple, a CCL nipple, an electronic circuit nipple, a pushing nipple and a driving nipple, wherein the tension nipple and the CCL nipple are arranged at the forefront end, and then the electronic circuit nipple, the pushing nipple and the driving nipple are sequentially arranged; the ground controller comprises a computer and a control box, and the control box can be communicated with the electronic circuit nipple.
Preferably: the crawler is sequentially provided with a tension nipple, a CCL nipple, a centralizer nipple, an electronic circuit nipple, a pushing nipple, a driving nipple and a compensation nipple according to the descending sequence.
Preferably: the control box comprises a 600VDC direct-current power supply, a communication system, a network interface and a main control board; the computer is internally provided with a set of operation software provided by the crawler.
Preferably: the main control board comprises a communication indicator lamp, a ground control circuit power key, a current display, an OUT switch, a PRE switch, a voltage display, a manual voltage adjusting knob and a program-controlled power switch.
Preferably: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, connecting a complete perforating tool instrument string except a perforating gun;
s2, connecting the crawler to a ground control box, connecting the single-core conversion pup joint with a single-core cable control box, powering off the single-core conversion pup joint immediately after +30VDC is supplied to the single-core conversion pup joint by using the control box, and switching the single-core conversion pup joint circuit to a perforating gun to supply power at the moment;
S3, using a small control box of the voltage protection nipple to supply-80 VDC to the single-core cable, and switching the voltage protection nipple to a perforation mode;
s4, checking a power supply perforation path of the crawler, and simulating ignition by using a selection module;
S5, using a small control box of the voltage protection pup joint to supply-80 VDC to the single-core cable, and switching the voltage protection pup joint to a safety mode;
S6, using a crawler control box to supply +25VDC to the single-core cable, keeping for more than 10 seconds, switching the single-core conversion nipple to the crawler to supply power, continuously supplying +250VDC to the crawler, and completely checking the function of the crawler;
s7, disconnecting all power supply lines, and connecting the perforating gun to the well;
s8, lowering the instrument to 50 meters underground, and using a crawler control box to supply power to the crawler;
s9, observing CCL signals, and lowering the instrument to meet the resistance;
s10, starting a crawler, and recording CCL signals;
S11, the crawler sends the perforating gun to a perforating point, stops the crawler and cuts off the power of the crawler;
S12, using a small control box of the voltage protection pup joint to supply-80 VDC to the single-core cable, and switching the voltage protection pup joint to a perforation mode;
S13, igniting the perforating gun.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The crawler 11 is connected with the perforating gun 12 in series, and the driving nipple 6 is additionally arranged, so that the problem that the conventional perforating process is difficult to implement in a horizontal well can be well solved;
2. the crawler 11 can utilize a power device of the crawler 11 to convey the CCL pup joint 2 of the logging instrument to a target well section, and compared with the conveying of a drill rod and an oil pipe, the crawler saves construction time, reduces labor intensity and reduces construction risk; compared with a continuous oil pipe conveying mode, the cost is low, and the continuous oil pipe conveying device can convey a longer distance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flat-well creepage perforator;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the main control board;
FIG. 3 is a power control diagram of a perforating tool string circuit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the ground;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a voltage protection nipple control box;
In the figure, a 1-tension nipple, a 2-CCL nipple, a 3-centralizer nipple, a 4-electronic circuit nipple, a 5-pushing nipple, a 6-driving nipple, a 7-compensating nipple, an 8-main control board, an 801-communication indicator lamp, an 802-ground control circuit power key, an 803-current display, an 804-OUT switch, an 805-PRE switch, an 806-voltage display, an 807-manual voltage adjusting knob, an 808-program-controlled power switch, a 9-crawler power nipple, a 10-single-core converting nipple, an 11-crawler, a 12-dual redundancy switch, a 13-perforating gun, a 14-ground control box and a 15-single-core cable control box are arranged.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated below in connection with the accompanying drawings.
1-5, The system comprises a crawler and a ground controller, wherein the crawler is sequentially provided with a perforator 13, a tension nipple 1, a CCL nipple 2 and a centralizer 3 according to the descending sequence of the crawler, 4 general instrument strings are configured, 4 electronic circuit nipples 4, a pushing nipple 5, 3 driving nipples 6 and 3 instrument strings are configured, and a compensating nipple 7, wherein a control circuit is arranged in the electronic circuit nipples 4 and can receive and execute commands issued by a ground control box, receive, process and upload data generated by underground instruments, and switch control between a crawling operation state and a logging operation state of logging instruments; pushing against nipple 5: the support arm of the instrument provides hydraulic power to open the support arm and enable the driving wheel to cling to the inner wall of the sleeve; and (3) driving the pup joint 6: when the instrument supports the hydraulic support arm, a motor in the driving nipple 6 drives the driving wheel to rotate, so that the instrument crawls and moves in the underground casing; centralizer nipple 3: the centering of the instrument in the underground sleeve is ensured, and the friction between the outer wall of the instrument and the inner wall of the sleeve is reduced; the bearing can greatly reduce the friction force between the instrument and the sleeve in the underground crawling movement process; compensating nipple 7: the influence of factors such as temperature, well hydraulic pressure and the like on the instrument is reduced, and the pressure of an internal hydraulic system is kept basically stable; meanwhile, the whole string of instruments is also provided with an adapter which is connected with a single-core or multi-core logging instrument, and the pushed or pulled logging instrument provides power supply and signal channels; secondly, logging instruments with different specifications can be pushed or pulled according to the requirements of oil fields, and adapters with different specifications can be customized according to the requirements; in addition, auxiliary equipment such as an oil injection pump, a maintenance tool box and the like are also provided.
The ground controller is a control center of the crawler 11, and includes: a control computer and a control box; the control box includes: 600VDC DC power supply, communication system, network interface, main control panel 8 is equipped with: communication indicator 801, ground control circuit power key 802, current display 803, OUT switch 804, PRE switch 805, voltage display 806, manual voltage adjustment knob 807, and programmable power switch 808; the computer is internally provided with a set of operation software for the crawling perforator; the ground control box 14 is a control operation center of the crawling perforator, and controls TRHW the starting, stopping, working direction and speed of the crawling perforator according to the operation instruction of an operator, and monitors and records the working states and working parameters of various ground and underground instruments. Through the information, an operator controls and adjusts the crawling perforating gun to enable the crawling perforating gun to work in an optimal state.
Communication indicator light 80: the ground master control flashes when in normal communication with the underground;
OUT switch 804: the power supply is in an output state when the indicator lamp above the switch is on, and the power supply is not output when the indicator lamp is off;
PRE switch 805: the program control mode manual mode change-over switch is in a program control state when the lamp above the switch is on, at the moment, the program control power supply is controlled by a computer, and the switch can be manually controlled when the lamp is off.
Ground controller theory of operation: the ground controller uses a 600VDC program-controlled direct current power supply which is used as a power supply of-TRHW underground instruments, can be manually adjusted, can also be controlled by a computer program, and can be used for receiving data uploaded by the underground instruments by executing an instruction sent by the computer on one hand and sending the control instruction to the underground instruments through a MODEM, and can be used for sending a voltage adjusting instruction to the program-controlled direct current power supply, setting a maximum current limiting value and receiving working voltage and working current returned by the program-controlled direct current power supply.
The ground controller comprises the following operation steps:
1. Connecting lines (ground power supply is switched to temporary power supply) of the connection control box
2. The control box programmable power switch 808 is turned on, the programmable power is in a forbidden output state at this time, the voltage display is OFF, and the indicator lamp above the OUT switch 804 is turned OFF.
3. The control box 802 is turned on, and the programmable power supply is in an output-allowed state, and an indicator lamp above the control box PRE switch 805 is turned on, so that the voltage display is 0V. An indicator light above the OUT switch 804 is illuminated and the power supply is in a programmed state.
4. The downhole tool is powered, the OUT switch 804 is turned on, the indicator light above the OUT switch 804 is turned off, the power supply enters a manual control state, the manual voltage adjustment knob 807 is adjusted to adjust the voltage to 220VDC, and the current is about 30mA. The power supply is completed, the power supply automatically enters a program control state, and the computer can control the set voltage and the current limiting current.
5. The instrument works normally, and the states of all operation modules on the control software are converted from gray to green operational states.
6. And setting a main power supply current limiting value. The instrument is protected, the instrument is prevented from being damaged due to unexpected faults, a current limiting value is input into a software current limiting box, the SET button is clicked, the current limiting is generally SET at 2500mA (three-section driving), and the current limiting can be increased to 3000mA (three-section driving) when the driving load is large.
7. The driving arm pushes against. The driving arm is pushed by a hydraulic mode; the corresponding operation is carried out by using computer software, and the concrete steps are as follows:
7.1, clicking on the SOLENOID1 button, activating SOLENOID valve 1, at which time the main current is approximately 200mA, SOLENOID1
The button will have a 10 second countdown, waiting for the countdown to end at which point the current is about 95mA.
7.2, Clicking the EN button in the AMCONTROL area, starting pushing, at the moment, the main current is about 230mA, along with the pressure increase, the current also rises, the maximum current cannot exceed 380mA, observing a hydraulic system pressure scale, clicking the SOLENOID1DIS button in the AMCONTROL area again when the required pressure is reached, stopping pressurizing, and pushing is completed. The pressure increase may use a trimming pressurization function of the software, with about 0.5MPa increase per trimming. If the pressure is too high, the instrument current jumps seriously, and then the pressure is relieved again.
7.3, If the pushing arm needs to be retracted, clicking the SOLENOID1DIS button in the AMCONTROL area, disconnecting the electromagnetic valve, releasing pressure, and automatically retracting the driving arm.
8. The drive wheel is started. The main voltage is set, the cable head voltage is regulated to 250V, the driving direction option is set in the TRCONTROLQ area, the driving wheel can be started by clicking the START button in the TRCONTROLQ area, the current of each section of driving is about 150mA (the instrument temperature is 80 ℃, the current is about 550mA when the instrument temperature is 15 ℃) when the driving wheel is idle after the driving wheel is started, the main current can be observed according to the main current, and the working state of the instrument, such as overlarge current, can possibly drive the mechanical assembly or the circuit control part to have problems.
9. If the driving wheel is required to be stopped, clicking the STOP button in the TRCONTROLQ area.
10. The drive speeds of all the sections are observed to be consistent, the default speed is 2000RPM at startup, and the error of the drive speeds of all the sections should not exceed 50RPM.
11. And (5) adjusting the driving speed. By adjusting the cable head voltage to around 340V, clicking the speed adjustment up or down button can adjust the drive wheel speed (typically to 2800RPM, corresponding to 230 m/h).
12. Clicking on the TRCONTROLQ area when the instrument current suddenly increases and the cable length substantially matches the bottom hole distance
STOP STOPs the drive from rotating. Then click the SOLENOID1DIS button in AMCONTROL area, the SOLENOID valve is disconnected, the pressure is released, and the drive arm is automatically retracted. Finally, clicking RESET on the software to zero the instrument voltage, closing the control box ground control circuit power key 802, and closing the control thread control power switch 808.
The operation method comprises the following steps:
S1, connecting a complete perforating tool instrument string except a perforating gun 13;
S2, connecting the crawling perforator to a ground control box 14, connecting the single-core conversion pup joint 10 with a single-core cable control box 15, powering off the single-core conversion pup joint 10 immediately after +30VDC by using the single-core cable control box 15, and switching the single-core conversion pup joint 10 to a perforating gun 13 to supply power at the moment;
S3, using a voltage protection pup joint control box to supply-80 VDC to the single-core cable, and switching the voltage protection pup joint to a perforation mode;
s4, checking a power supply perforating path of the crawling perforating tool, and simulating ignition by using a selecting and transmitting module;
s5, using a voltage protection pup joint control box to supply-80 VDC to the single-core cable, and switching the voltage protection pup joint to a safety mode;
S6, using a crawling perforator control box to supply +25VDC to the single-core cable, keeping for more than 10 seconds, switching the single-core conversion nipple 10 to supply power to the crawler 11, continuously supplying +250VDC to the crawler 11, and completely checking the functions of the crawler 11;
s7, disconnecting all power supply lines, and enabling the perforating gun 13 to go into the well;
S8, lowering the instrument to 50 meters underground, and using a ground control box 14 to supply power to the crawler 11;
s9, observing CCL signals, and lowering the instrument to meet the resistance;
s10, starting a crawler 11 and recording a CCL signal;
s11, the crawler 11 sends the perforating gun 13 to a perforating point, the crawler 11 is stopped, and the crawler 11 is powered off;
S12, using a voltage protection pup joint control box to supply-80 VDC to the single-core cable, and switching the voltage protection pup joint to a perforation mode;
s13, igniting the perforating gun 13.
In addition to the foregoing, references in the specification to "one embodiment," "another embodiment," "an embodiment," etc., indicate that the particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application, as generally described. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is intended that such feature, structure, or characteristic be implemented within the scope of the application.
Although the application has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the scope and spirit of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications may be made to the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, drawings and claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A perforating method of a horizontal well crawler perforating system, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a crawler (11) and a ground controller; the crawler comprises a tension nipple (1), a CCL nipple (2), an electronic circuit nipple (4), a pushing nipple (5) and a driving nipple (6), wherein the tension nipple (1) and the CCL nipple (2) are arranged at the forefront end, and then the electronic circuit nipple (4), the pushing nipple (5) and the driving nipple (6) are sequentially arranged; the ground controller comprises a computer and a ground control box, and the ground control box can be communicated with the electronic circuit nipple (4);
the method comprises the following steps:
S1, connecting a complete perforating tool instrument string except a perforating gun (13);
s2, connecting the crawler (11) to a ground control box (14), connecting the single-core conversion pup joint (10) with a single-core cable control box (15), powering off the single-core conversion pup joint (10) immediately after +30VDC by using the single-core cable control box, and switching the circuit of the single-core conversion pup joint (10) to a perforating gun (13) to supply power at the moment;
S3, using a small control box of the voltage protection nipple to supply-80 VDC to the single-core cable, and switching the voltage protection nipple to a perforation mode;
S4, checking a power supply perforation path of the crawler (11), and simulating ignition by using a selecting and sending module;
S5, using a small control box of the voltage protection pup joint to supply-80 VDC to the single-core cable, and switching the voltage protection pup joint to a safety mode;
S6, using a crawler control box to supply +25VDC to the single-core cable, keeping for more than 10 seconds, switching the single-core conversion nipple (10) to the crawler (11) to supply power, continuously supplying +250VDC to the crawler (11), and completely checking the function of the crawler;
s7, disconnecting all power supply lines, and enabling the perforating gun (13) to go into the well;
s8, lowering the instrument to 50 meters underground, and using a ground control box to supply power to the crawler (11);
s9, observing CCL signals, and lowering the instrument to meet the resistance;
S10, starting a crawler (11) and recording CCL signals;
s11, the crawler (11) sends the perforating gun (13) to a perforating point, the crawler (11) is stopped, and the crawler (11) is powered off;
S12, using a small control box of the voltage protection pup joint to supply-80 VDC to the single-core cable, and switching the voltage protection pup joint to a perforation mode;
s13, igniting the perforating gun (13).
2. A method of perforating a horizontal well crawler perforating system as recited in claim 1 wherein: the crawler is sequentially provided with a tension nipple (1), a CCL nipple (2), a centralizer nipple (3), an electronic circuit nipple (4), a pushing nipple (5), a driving nipple (6) and a compensation nipple (7) according to the descending sequence.
3. A method of perforating a horizontal well crawler perforating system as recited in claim 1 wherein: the ground control box comprises a 600VDC direct-current power supply, a communication system, a network interface and a main control board (8); the computer is internally provided with a set of operation software provided by the crawler.
4. A method of perforating a horizontal well crawler perforating system as in claim 3 wherein: the main control panel (8) comprises a communication indicator lamp (801), a ground control circuit power key (802), a current display (803), an OUT switch (804), a PRE switch (805), a voltage display (806), a manual voltage adjusting knob (807) and a programmable power switch (808).
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| CN202010014038.XA CN111779469B (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2020-01-07 | Horizontal well crawler perforating system and perforating method |
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| CN202010014038.XA CN111779469B (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2020-01-07 | Horizontal well crawler perforating system and perforating method |
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| CN111779469B true CN111779469B (en) | 2024-06-25 |
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| CN112576232A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-30 | 徐世杰 | Horizontal well horizontal section fracturing matched fast electric setting and perforating process |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN206158724U (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-05-10 | 上海工业自动化仪表研究院 | Support multicore logging cable's crawl device in pit |
| CN211648108U (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-10-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Horizontal well crawler perforating system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| MY132567A (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2007-10-31 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | Method and apparatus for stimulation of multiple formation intervals |
| US9528354B2 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2016-12-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole tool positioning system and method |
| CN104989358A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-10-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司华东分公司采油厂 | Shale gas horizontal well bridge plug separation and ball throwing segmented fracturing process |
| CN208294499U (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-12-28 | 潘嘉 | A kind of normal pressure shale gas water drainage gas production device |
| CN109113685B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2024-04-05 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Horizontal well conveying tractor perforating tool |
| GB2588194B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-12-08 | Yta B V | Information transfer system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN206158724U (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-05-10 | 上海工业自动化仪表研究院 | Support multicore logging cable's crawl device in pit |
| CN211648108U (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-10-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Horizontal well crawler perforating system |
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