CN111779018B - Mechanized construction method of composite foundation with embedded anchor rod for transmission line - Google Patents

Mechanized construction method of composite foundation with embedded anchor rod for transmission line Download PDF

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CN111779018B
CN111779018B CN202010584100.9A CN202010584100A CN111779018B CN 111779018 B CN111779018 B CN 111779018B CN 202010584100 A CN202010584100 A CN 202010584100A CN 111779018 B CN111779018 B CN 111779018B
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section
foundation
drill
expanding
construction
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CN111779018A (en
Inventor
张文翔
王智敏
陈孝湘
陈旭林
翁兰溪
张礼朝
杨卓帅
杨巡莺
翁宇亮
吴征
池金明
周凯敏
江敏
陆洲
吴勤斌
李宏进
林晗
陈俊
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State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co Ltd
PowerChina Fujian Electric Power Engineering Co Ltd
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State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co Ltd
PowerChina Fujian Electric Power Engineering Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/04—Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/50—Anchored foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/34—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools of roller-cutter type

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method of a composite foundation of a power transmission line, in particular to a mechanized construction method of an embedded anchor rod composite foundation of the power transmission line, which is characterized in that a conical foundation pit is geometrically formed into a plurality of straight line sections, and the section diameters of the straight line sections are gradually increased from top to bottom; the expanding bottom drill bit of the mountain land type rotary drilling rig is improved, the expanding width of the expanding bottom drill bit accurately corresponds to the diameter of a construction section through a displacement sensor, quantitative control is performed, the expanding width of the expanding bottom drill bit is kept through a hydraulic limiting device during construction, drilling is conducted from bottom to top, the operation precision is high, time and labor are saved, meanwhile, the loss of the expanding bottom drill bit can be reduced, the volume of concrete is reduced, and the shape of final pore-forming of a composite foundation is ensured. In addition, the advantages of the mountain land type rotary drilling rig are fully utilized, manual operation is reduced, mechanical construction of the foundation is improved, danger of the manual operation is reduced, and progress benefit and safety benefit are improved.

Description

Mechanical construction method for embedded anchor rod composite foundation of power transmission line
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method of a composite foundation of a power transmission line, in particular to a mechanized construction method of an embedded anchor rod composite foundation of the power transmission line.
Background
In the construction of the power transmission line, when the geological conditions of the upper and lower rocks are met, the rock-embedded-anchor-rod composite foundation is used as a tower foundation, the performances of the two foundations of the rock-embedded foundation and the rock-anchor-rod composite foundation can be fully utilized, the deformation coordination is good, and the economic benefit is good. However, the shape of the foundation pit of the embedded anchor rod composite foundation is generally a variable cross-section shape, and in order to better adapt to the embedded foundation and the anchor rod foundation, the requirement for the diameter in the shape is relatively accurate, and in addition, the power transmission line towers are generally located in mountainous areas and hilly areas with inconvenient traffic, so that the mechanized construction is difficult. In the prior art, a rotary drilling rig is adopted for construction, as described in patent ZL201410791372, however, the rotary drilling rig can only perform foundation hole forming with a single diameter, and variable cross-section construction cannot be performed, so that the rotary drilling rig is not suitable for construction of an embedded anchor rod composite foundation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the mechanized construction method of the transmission line embedded anchor rod composite foundation, which has the advantages of high construction efficiency, low risk, high safety and capability of reducing the concrete volume according to the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following ways:
the mechanized construction method of the embedded anchor rod composite foundation of the power transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) the mountain land type rotary drilling rig comprises a rig body, a roller cone drill and a bottom expanding drill bit, wherein the bottom expanding drill bit comprises an upper chassis, a lower chassis, a telescopic shaft center rod, a displacement sensor, a hydraulic limiting device and drill arm connecting rods which are symmetrically distributed, the upper end and the lower end of each drill arm connecting rod are correspondingly hinged with the upper chassis and the lower chassis respectively, the upper chassis is used for connecting a drill rod of the rotary drilling rig, the shaft center rod is an upper sleeved steel pipe and a lower sleeved steel pipe, the upper section of steel pipe is fixed on the lower end face of the upper chassis, the lower section of steel pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the lower chassis, and the upper section of steel pipe is sleeved in a middle; the displacement sensor is arranged on the axle center rod; the hydraulic limiting device comprises an oil pressure pipe arranged on the inner side surface of the lower section of steel pipe, a hydraulic device connected with the oil pressure pipe, two symmetrically distributed arc-shaped movable steel plates arranged on the inner side surface of the oil pressure pipe, limiting bulges respectively distributed on the periphery of the upper section of steel pipe and limiting grooves distributed on the inner sides of the arc-shaped movable steel plates, wherein the limiting bulges are matched with the limiting grooves and can be clamped into the limiting grooves;
2) the foundation pit of the embedded anchor rod composite foundation is of a conical structure, the number of bottom expanding sections is determined to be round (H-1) according to the total buried depth of the composite foundation, wherein H is the total buried depth of the embedded foundation, the embedded foundation construction comprises a foundation section and a plurality of bottom expanding sections, the first section is the foundation section, the second section is a bottom expanding straight-line section, and the bottom expanding straight-line section is an equal-diameter straight-line section;
round (H-1) is a rounding function for (H-1), for example: if the foundation buried depth H is 3.6m, round (H-1) =3, the bottoming needs to be completed by three times of bottoming, the depth of the last bottoming excavation is 0.6m, if the foundation buried depth H is 3.4m, round (H-1) =2 is obtained by two times of bottoming, and the depth of the last bottoming excavation is 1.4 m;
3) cleaning a base surface, removing 10cm of virtual soil from the original ground surface, providing a stable operating platform for the rotary drilling rig,
4) installing a roller bit, wherein the diameter of the roller bit needs to be equal to the diameter D of the top opening of the foundation pit1The drilling depth is 2000mm from the ground plus the chassis thickness h of the bottom expanding drill bit, the construction of the first section of the foundation section of the composite foundation is completed, and the cone wheel cylinder is extracted to drill to the ground; the diameter of the section of the first section of the base section is D1Namely the size of the top of the embedded foundation;
the drilling depth of the first section of the base section comprises the height of the second section of the bottom expanding straight section;
5) starting from the second section of bottom-expanding straight-line section, the diameter of the second section of bottom-expanding straight-line section is D2The diameter of the straight-line section of the Nth section of the enlarged base is DnObtaining D according to the composite foundation stress requirementnThe following were used:
Dn=
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
（1）
wherein: d, the size of the bottom of the embedded foundation is shown;
6) and (3) constructing a second section of bottom expanding straight-line section: d obtained according to formula (1)2Calculating the axial offset distance m of the drill rod needing to be pressed2And adjusting the displacement sensor on the underreaming bit (control m)2) Changing the cone bit into the adjusted bottom expanding drill bit, putting the bottom expanding drill bit down to the bottom of the first section of the basic section, applying downward axial force according to the index control of the displacement sensor, and additionally rotating until the axial distance of the press down reaches m2When the upper section of steel pipe of the axle center rod extends between the two arc-shaped movable steel plates, the two drilling arm connecting rods are pressed downwards and opened, a hydraulic device is started, hydraulic annular pressure is applied to the two arc-shaped movable steel plates through an oil hydraulic pipe, the arc-shaped movable steel plates are pressed to the outer peripheral surface of the upper section of steel pipe until the limiting bulges on the outer periphery of the upper section of steel pipe are embedded into the limiting grooves on the inner sides of the arc-shaped movable steel plates, so that the opening widths of the two drilling arm connecting rods are fixed, the bottom expanding diameter of the section is kept, a bottom expanding drill bit is rotationally rotated and pulled upwards to the height of a second bottom expanding straight-line section, and;
7) starting a hydraulic device to release oil pressure, enabling two arc-shaped movable steel plates to be far away from an upper section of steel pipe, enabling the upper section of steel pipe to ascend under the driving of an upper chassis and a rotary drilling rig, stretching, retracting and returning two drill arm connecting rods, extracting a bottom expanding drill bit to the ground, replacing a gear barrel drill, lowering the bottom of a second section of bottom expanding straight-line section, and continuously drilling, wherein the drilling depth is 1000mm below the bottom of a first section of base section plus the chassis thickness h of the bottom expanding drill bit; after drilling, extracting the cone barrel to drill to the ground;
8) obtaining the diameter D of the next bottom expanding straight-line section according to the formula (1)nAnd further calculating the axial offset distance m of the drill rod needing to be pressed downnRepeating the step 6) to the step 7) until the construction of all the bottom expanding straight-line sections is completed, wherein the last bottom expanding depth is the sum of the total buried depth H of the embedded foundation minus the depth of the previous construction; thereby completing the construction of the foundation pit of the embedded anchor rod composite foundation;
9) removing slag soil at the bottom of the foundation pit, positioning anchor holes of the anchor rods, drilling holes by using a power transmission line anchor rod drilling machine, inserting the anchor rods and aligning after completing the construction of all the anchor holes, and then pouring anchor rod concrete to complete the foundation construction of the anchor rods;
10) and installing a reinforcement cage of the embedded foundation, pouring concrete, and pouring the embedded foundation and the anchor rod foundation into an integrally-formed embedded anchor rod composite foundation.
Therefore, according to the mechanized construction method of the embedded anchor rod composite foundation of the power transmission line, the conical foundation pit is geometrically formed into a plurality of straight line segments, and the section diameters of the straight line segments are gradually increased from top to bottom; the expanding bottom drill bit of the mountain land type rotary drilling rig is improved, the expanding width of the expanding bottom drill bit accurately corresponds to the diameter of a construction section through a displacement sensor, quantitative control is performed, the expanding width of the expanding bottom drill bit is kept through a hydraulic limiting device during construction, drilling is conducted from bottom to top, the operation precision is high, time and labor are saved, meanwhile, the loss of the expanding bottom drill bit can be reduced, the volume of concrete is reduced, and the shape of final pore-forming of a composite foundation is ensured. In addition, the advantages of the mountain land type rotary drilling rig are fully utilized, manual operation is reduced, mechanical construction of the foundation is improved, danger of the manual operation is reduced, and progress benefit and safety benefit are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embedded anchor rod composite foundation (conical structure) of a power transmission line;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom-expanding drill bit in the mountain land type rotary drilling rig of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of a lower section of a steel pipe of a center shaft rod in a bottom-expanding drill bit of the mountain land type rotary drilling rig;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bottom-expanding drill bit of the mountain land type rotary drilling rig entering the bottom of a current section straight line section;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the mountain land type rotary drilling rig when the expanding bottom drill bit applies an axial force downwards and additionally rotates, and the expanding width of the two drill arm connecting rods is the diameter of the straight line segment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a bottom-expanding drill bit in the mountain land type rotary drilling rig provided by the invention, and the bottom-expanding straight line section is finished by upward rotary drilling under the support of a limiting device. For ease of illustration, the displacement sensor and hydraulic stop are not shown in FIGS. 4-6.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Detailed Description
The best embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the foundation pit of the anchor bolt composite foundation is a conical structure and comprises an embedded foundation 1 and an anchor bolt foundation 2, but the invention can also be applied to the excavation type anchor bolt composite foundation and other variable-section-diameter foundation construction.
The foundation pit of the embedded anchor rod composite foundation is of a conical structure as shown in figure 1, the conical structure is geometrically changed into a plurality of sections of straight line sections during construction, the number of bottom expanding sections is determined to be round (H-1) according to the total burial depth of the composite foundation, H is the total burial depth of the embedded foundation, the embedded foundation construction comprises a foundation section and a plurality of bottom expanding sections, the first section is the foundation section, the second section is the bottom expanding straight line section, and the bottom expanding straight line section is an equal-diameter straight line section.
round (H-1) is a rounding function for (H-1), for example: if the foundation burial depth H is 3.6m, round (H-1) =3, the bottoming needs to be completed by three times of bottom expanding, the depth of the last bottom expanding excavation is 0.6m, if the foundation burial depth H is 3.4m, round (H-1) =2 is achieved by two times of bottom expanding, and the depth of the last bottom expanding excavation is 1.4 m.
In order to realize the construction method, a specially-modified bottom expanding drill bit is adopted, as shown in attached figures 2 and 3, the bottom expanding drill bit comprises an upper chassis 1, a lower chassis 2, a telescopic shaft center rod, a displacement sensor, a hydraulic limiting device and drill arm connecting rods 4 which are symmetrically distributed, the upper end and the lower end of each drill arm connecting rod 4 are correspondingly hinged with the upper chassis 1 and the lower chassis 3 respectively, the upper chassis 1 is used for connecting a drill rod of a rotary drilling rig, the shaft center rod is an upper section and a lower section of sleeved steel pipes, the upper section of steel pipe 5 is fixed on the lower end surface of the upper chassis 1, the lower section of steel pipe 6 is fixed on the upper end surface of the lower chassis, and the upper section of steel pipe 5 can be sleeved in the middle cavity of the; a sensing head 3 of the displacement sensor is arranged on the lower end part of the upper section of the steel pipe 5 of the axle center rod; the hydraulic limiting device comprises an oil pressure pipe 7 arranged on the inner side surface of the lower section of steel pipe, a hydraulic device 8 connected with the oil pressure pipe 7, two symmetrically distributed arc-shaped movable steel plates 9 arranged on the inner side surface of the oil pressure pipe 7, a plurality of limiting protrusions 10 distributed on the periphery of the upper section of steel pipe 5 and a plurality of limiting grooves 11 distributed on the inner side of the arc-shaped movable steel plates 9, wherein the limiting protrusions 10 are matched with the limiting grooves 11 and can be clamped into the limiting grooves 11.
The inner side of a lower section of steel pipe of the axle rod is additionally provided with symmetrically distributed arc movable steel plates, each arc movable steel plate consists of two concentric arc plates, each arc movable steel plate can be axially compressed, when a displacement sensor displays that an upper section of steel pipe moves to a designed depth, an oil pressure pipe exerts hydraulic annular pressure under the action of a hydraulic device, the two arc movable steel plates move inwards in opposite directions, the upper section of steel pipe is further coated, and a limiting bulge is clamped into a limiting groove to be clamped, so that the limiting function is completed. After the corresponding section is dug in a rotary mode, the hydraulic device releases oil pressure, the arc-shaped movable steel plate returns to the original position, the limiting protrusion is separated from the limiting groove, the upper section of steel pipe is lifted to the highest position, and finally the bottom expanding drill bit is lifted to form the hole.
The invention relates to a mechanized construction method of an embedded anchor rod composite foundation of a power transmission line, which comprises the following steps:
1) the mountain land type rotary drilling rig comprises a rig body, a roller cone drill and a bottom expanding drill bit, wherein the bottom expanding drill bit is additionally provided with a displacement sensor and a hydraulic limiting device as described above;
2) the field is smooth, the base surface is cleaned, the 10cm of virtual soil is removed from the original ground, a stable operation platform is provided for the rotary drilling rig, the rotary drilling rig is ensured to have enough operation platform and bearing capacity,
3) installing a cone drill, wherein the diameter of the cone drill needs to be equal to the diameter D of the top opening1Similarly, the mechanical construction conical embedded-anchor rod composite foundation develops the variable cross section according to 1m, and develops the variable slope according to 0.5m if the embedded depth of the upper embedded part is shallow (less than 3 m). The present embodiment is discussed with the embedded portion being 3 m. The first section adopts a cone drum drill to drill in a rotating way, and the drilling depth is 2000mm plus the thickness h of the bottom expanding drill bit chassis.
4) Starting from the second section of bottom-expanding straight-line section, the diameter of the second section of bottom-expanding straight-line section is D2N thThe diameter of the straight line segment of the enlarged base is DnObtaining D according to the composite foundation stress requirementnThe following were used:
Dn=
Figure 249935DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
（1）
wherein: d, the size of the bottom of the embedded foundation is shown;
5) and (3) constructing a second section of bottom expanding straight-line section: d obtained according to formula (1)2Calculating the axial offset distance m of the drill rod needing to be pressed2And adjusting the displacement sensor on the underreaming bit (control m)2) Replacing the cone roller drill with an adjusted bottom expanding drill bit, placing the bottom expanding drill bit at the bottom of the first section of the base section, controlling the drill rod to apply downward axial force according to the reading of the displacement sensor, and additionally rotating until the downward axial distance reaches m2When the upper section of steel pipe of the axle center rod extends between the two arc-shaped movable steel plates, the two drilling arm connecting rods are pressed downwards and opened, a hydraulic device is started, hydraulic annular pressure is axially applied to the two arc-shaped movable steel plates through an oil hydraulic pipe (refer to the attached figure 3), the arc-shaped movable steel plates are pressed to the outer peripheral surface of the upper section of steel pipe until limiting bulges on the outer periphery of the upper section of steel pipe are embedded into limiting grooves on the inner sides of the arc-shaped movable steel plates, so that the opening widths of the two drilling arm connecting rods are fixed, the bottom expanding diameter of the section is kept, a bottom expanding drill bit is rotationally rotated and pulled upwards to the height of a second bottom expanding straight-line section;
6) starting a hydraulic device to release oil pressure, enabling two arc-shaped movable steel plates to be far away from an upper section of steel pipe, enabling the upper section of steel pipe to rise under the driving of an upper chassis and a rotary drilling rig, stretching, retracting and returning two drill arm connecting rods, extracting a bottom expanding drill bit to the ground, replacing a gear barrel drill, lowering the bottom of a second section of bottom expanding straight-line section, and continuously drilling, wherein the drilling depth is 1000mm below the bottom of a first section of base section plus the chassis thickness h of the bottom expanding drill bit, namely the depth is 3000mm below the ground; after drilling, extracting the cone barrel to drill to the ground; the cone drill is provided with a slag removing function, and the residual slag left in the step 3) can be removed in the process.
7) Obtaining a third enlarged bottom according to the formula (1)Diameter of straight line segment D3And further calculating the axial offset distance m of the drill rod needing to be pressed down3And repeating the steps 5) to 6), as shown in the figures 4 to 6, firstly lowering the bottom expanding drill bit to the bottom of the foundation pit (as shown in the figure 4) formed in the step 6), applying downward axial force according to the index control of the displacement sensor, and additionally rotating until the downward axial distance reaches m2Value when the opening width of the two drill boom connecting rods is D3(as shown in fig. 5), the hydraulic limiting device is started to keep the diameter of the section of the expanded base, and the bottom expanding drill bit is rotated and pulled up to the height of the straight line section of the expanded base (as shown in fig. 6). The construction of the second section of the bottom-enlarging straight-line section can also refer to the attached figures 4-6, and only the bottom-enlarging drill bit is positioned at the section.
The final bottom expanding depth is the total depth H of the embedded foundation minus the sum of the depths of the previous constructions; thereby completing the construction of the foundation pit of the embedded anchor rod composite foundation.
8) Partial construction of an anchor rod: the anchor hole is manually positioned, and the power transmission line jumbolter is in place and drills holes. And (4) checking the hole after the drilling is finished, blowing and cleaning the hole after the parameters of the depth and the inclination of the hole meet the design requirements, and performing hole forming protection. After drilling of a single leg of the power transmission line is completed, removing a drilling machine, cleaning a pit bottom, cleaning anchor hole water, inserting and aligning an anchor rod, pouring anchor rod concrete after the above working procedures are completed, and performing maintenance of the anchor rod to complete anchor rod foundation construction;
9) and installing a reinforcement cage of the embedded foundation, pouring concrete, and pouring the embedded foundation and the anchor rod foundation into an integrally-formed embedded anchor rod composite foundation.
The invention also needs to carry out the following detailed treatment in the construction process:
1. anchor part
(1) Deviation between the actual depth of the drilled hole and the design depth is +/-50 mm; deviation between the bore diameter of the drilled hole and the designed bore diameter is +/-5 mm; after the drill hole is formed, pouring is finished within 24 hours, and the inclusion material is provided with a strength detection report of a standard test block;
(2) constructing single anchors in the group of anchors strictly according to a design drawing, wherein the deviation between the plane arrangement size and the design size is +/-50 mm;
(3) the anchor bars are intact and subjected to rust removal treatment; the quantity of the steel bars strictly complies with the design requirements, and the construction deviation of the anchor bar spacing is +/-8 mm; the inside of the test foundation can not be stored with pre-buried objects except for the steel bars and the concrete;
(4) before pouring, holes need to be cleaned, and when the inclusion material is poured, a micro vibrating rod needs to be adopted for vibrating, so that the compactness of the inclusion material is ensured.
(5) For the water inrush condition in the construction process, water pumping construction or hole bottom high-pressure grouting can be adopted, and the influence of underground water on the foundation quality is eliminated.
2. Embedded foundation
(1) When the foundation is excavated, the aperture and the depth are strictly constructed according to the size of a construction drawing, and the errors of the aperture and the depth of a test foundation are controlled to be 50 mm; the thickness of the concrete protective layer of the upright post is strictly controlled to be 40-70 mm;
(2) the outcrop height of the foundation bolt is strictly controlled according to the size of a construction drawing, and the error is controlled within 20 mm; the distance between the foundation bolts is strictly controlled according to the size of a construction drawing, and the error is controlled within 2 mm; deviation (x and y directions) between the center of the foundation bolt and the center of the foundation column is controlled within 20 mm; the anchoring end of the foundation bolt is required to perform corresponding derusting work so as to keep the whole foundation bolt clean;
(3) the heights of all foundation outcrop are strictly controlled according to the size of a construction drawing; the quantity of each foundation bolt is strictly arranged according to the requirements of a drawing; the arrangement direction of the foundation bolts is strictly executed according to the requirements of the drawing;
(4) waterproofing treatment is required to be carried out on pits which are not poured with concrete on site, and subsequent work can be carried out after corresponding repair if the pit walls leak and collapse; the 'foot pit' left in the partial pit must be filled. Before each foundation is cast with concrete, it must be confirmed by the relevant field technician that the concrete cannot be cast if it is not qualified.
The design points of the invention also comprise: because the deformation coordination of the embedded foundation and the rock of the anchor rod foundation is good, the bearing capacity exertion coefficient can be close to 1.0, and the bearing capacity is greatly improved compared with the conventional foundation. When the uplift bearing capacity of the embedded part is calculated, the self weight of the foundation needs to be considered, and because the overall dimension of the embedded-anchor rod composite foundation in mechanized construction is different from that of an embedded foundation in manual excavation, the influence of the overall dimension needs to be considered when the self weight of the foundation and the material quantity are calculated. In order to ensure the safety of personnel, the manual excavation of the embedded foundation needs to be provided with a retaining wall, and the retaining wall does not need to be arranged in the excavation process of the embedded-anchor rod composite foundation in the mechanized construction, so that the concrete volume is saved, and the construction cost is reduced.
The parts of the invention not described are the same as the prior art.

Claims (1)

1.输电线路嵌固锚杆复合基础机械化施工方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1. The mechanized construction method of the embedded anchor rod composite foundation of the transmission line, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 1）提供一种山地式旋挖钻机，其包括机身、牙轮筒钻和扩底钻头，所述扩底钻头包括有上底盘、下底盘、可伸缩的轴心杆、位移传感器、液压限位装置以及对称分布的钻臂连杆，钻臂连杆的上端和下端分别对应与上底盘和下底盘铰接，上底盘用于连接旋挖钻机的钻杆，轴心杆为上下两节套接钢管，上节钢管固定于上底盘下端面，下节钢管固定于下底盘上端面，且上节钢管套置在下节钢管中腔；位移传感器安装于轴心杆上；液压限位装置包括安装在下节钢管内侧面的油压管、与油压管连接的液压装置、安装于油压管管内侧面的两对称分布的弧形活动钢板以及分别分布在上节钢管外周的限位凸起和分布于弧形活动钢板内侧的限位凹槽，其中限位凸起与限位凹槽适配并能够卡入限位凹槽中；1) Provide a mountain-type rotary drilling rig, which includes a body, a roller cone drill, and a bottom-reaming bit, and the bottom-reaming bit includes an upper chassis, a lower chassis, a retractable shaft rod, a displacement sensor, and a hydraulic limiter. The upper and lower ends of the drill arm connecting rod are hinged with the upper chassis and the lower chassis respectively. The upper chassis is used to connect the drill pipe of the rotary drilling rig, and the shaft rod is sleeved by the upper and lower sections. Steel pipes, the upper steel pipe is fixed on the lower end face of the upper chassis, the lower steel pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the lower chassis, and the upper steel pipe is sleeved in the middle cavity of the lower steel pipe; the displacement sensor is installed on the shaft rod; the hydraulic limit device is installed on the lower The oil pressure pipe on the inner side of the steel pipe, the hydraulic device connected with the oil pressure pipe, the two symmetrically distributed arc movable steel plates installed on the inner side of the oil pressure pipe, and the limit protrusions and the limit protrusions distributed on the outer circumference of the upper steel pipe respectively. The limit groove on the inner side of the arc-shaped movable steel plate, wherein the limit protrusion is adapted to the limit groove and can be snapped into the limit groove; 2）所述嵌固锚杆复合基础的基坑为锥形构造，根据复合基础的总埋深确定扩底节数为round(H-1)，其中 H为嵌固基础的总埋深，嵌固基础施工包括基础段和若干扩底段，其中第一节为基础段，从第二节开始为扩底直线段，所述扩底直线段为等径直线段；round(H-1)为（H-1）四舍五入取整函数，2) The foundation pit of the embedded anchor composite foundation is a conical structure, and the number of expanded bottom nodes is determined according to the total buried depth of the composite foundation as round (H-1), where H is the total buried depth of the embedded foundation, and the embedded The construction of the solid foundation includes a foundation section and a number of bottom-expanding sections, of which the first section is the base section, and the bottom-expanding straight section starts from the second section, and the bottom-expanding straight section is an equal-diameter straight section; round(H-1) is ( H-1) rounding rounding function, 3）清理基面，原始地面除去10cm 虚土，为旋挖钻机提供稳定的操作平台，3) Clean the base surface, remove 10cm of virtual soil from the original ground, and provide a stable operating platform for the rotary drilling rig. 4）安装牙轮筒钻，筒钻的直径需与基坑顶部开口的直径D1相同，钻进的深度为距离地面2000mm+扩底钻头的底盘厚度h，完成复合基础第一节基础段施工，并提取牙轮筒钻至地面；该第一节基础段截面直径为D1，即为嵌固基础顶部尺寸；4) Install the roller cone drill. The diameter of the drill should be the same as the diameter D 1 of the opening at the top of the foundation pit. The drilling depth is 2000mm from the ground + the thickness of the chassis of the bottom-reaming bit h. Complete the construction of the first section of the composite foundation. And extract the roller cone and drill it to the ground; the diameter of the first section of the foundation section is D 1 , which is the size of the top of the embedded foundation; 5）从第二节扩底直线段开始，第二节扩底直线段直径为D2，第N节扩底直线段直径为Dn，根据复合基础受力要求获得Dn如下：5) Starting from the bottom-expanding straight section of the second section, the diameter of the bottom-expanding straight section of the second section is D 2 , and the diameter of the bottom-expanding straight section of the Nth section is D n . According to the force requirements of the composite foundation, D n is obtained as follows: Dn=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
（1）D n =
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(1) 其中：D—为嵌固基础底部尺寸；Among them: D- is the bottom dimension of the embedded foundation; 6）第二节扩底直线段施工：根据式（1）获得的D2计算钻杆需要下压的轴向偏移距离m2，并调节扩底钻头上位移传感器的参数，将牙轮筒钻更换为调节好的扩底钻头，并将扩底钻头下放到第一节基础段的底部，按照位移传感器的示数控制施加向下轴向力，并且附加进行旋转，直至下压轴向距离达到m2值，此时轴心杆的上节钢管伸入两弧形活动钢板之间，两钻臂连杆下压张开，启动液压装置，通过油压管对两弧形活动钢板施加液压环形压力，使弧形活动钢板压向上节钢管外周面，直至上节钢管外周的限位凸起嵌入弧形活动钢板内侧的限位凹槽，从而固定两钻臂连杆的张开宽度，保持该节扩底直径，旋挖并上拔扩底钻头至第二节扩底直线段高度，由下而上完成第二节扩底直线段；6) Construction of the second section of the bottom-reaming straight section: Calculate the axial offset distance m 2 of the drill pipe that needs to be pressed down according to D 2 obtained from formula (1), and adjust the parameters of the displacement sensor on the bottom-rearing bit, and set the roller cone. The drill is replaced with the adjusted bottom-reaming bit, and the bottom-reaming bit is lowered to the bottom of the first section of the foundation section, and the downward axial force is applied according to the indication of the displacement sensor, and additionally rotates until the downward pressure axial distance reaches m 2 value, at this time, the upper steel pipe of the shaft rod extends between the two arc-shaped movable steel plates, and the two drill arm connecting rods are pressed down to open, the hydraulic device is activated, and the hydraulic ring is applied to the two arc-shaped movable steel plates through the oil pressure pipe. pressure, so that the curved movable steel plate presses the outer peripheral surface of the upper steel pipe until the limit protrusion on the outer circumference of the upper steel pipe is inserted into the limit groove on the inner side of the curved movable steel plate, thereby fixing the opening width of the connecting rods of the two drill arms and maintaining the The diameter of the bottom of the section is expanded, and the bottom-expanding bit is rotated and pulled up to the height of the second section of the bottom-expanded straight section, and the second section of the bottom-expanded straight section is completed from bottom to top; 7）启动液压装置释放油压，两弧形活动钢板远离上节钢管，上节钢管在上底盘和旋挖钻机带动下上升，两钻臂连杆拉伸收起归位，提取扩底钻头到地面，更换牙轮筒钻，下放到第二节扩底直线段底部，并继续钻进，钻进深度为在第一节基础段底部向下1000mm+扩底钻头的底盘厚度h；钻进完成后提取牙轮筒钻至地面；7) Start the hydraulic device to release the oil pressure, the two arc-shaped movable steel plates are far away from the upper section of the steel pipe, the upper section of the steel pipe is driven by the upper chassis and the rotary drilling rig to rise, the two drill arm connecting rods are stretched and retracted, and the bottom-reaming drill bit is extracted to On the ground, replace the roller cone drill, lower it to the bottom of the straight section of the second section, and continue drilling. The drilling depth is 1000mm down from the bottom of the base section of the first section + the thickness of the chassis of the bottom-reaming bit h; after the drilling is completed Extract the roller cone and drill to the ground; 8）根据上述式（1）获得下一节扩底直线段的直径为Dn，并进一步计算钻杆需要下压的轴向偏移距离mn，重复步骤6）-步骤7），直至完成所有扩底直线段的施工，最后一次扩底深度为嵌固基础的总埋深H减去之前施工的深度总和；从而完成嵌固锚杆复合基础的基坑的施工；8) According to the above formula (1), obtain the diameter D n of the next section of the straight-line section with bottom expansion, and further calculate the axial offset distance m n that the drill pipe needs to be pressed down, and repeat steps 6)-7) until completion In the construction of all straight sections of bottom expansion, the depth of the last expansion bottom is the total buried depth H of the embedded foundation minus the sum of the depths of the previous construction; thus, the construction of the foundation pit of the embedded anchor composite foundation is completed; 9）清除基坑底部渣土，定位锚杆的锚孔，采用输电线路锚杆钻机钻孔，完成全部锚孔施工后，插入锚杆并找正，然后浇筑锚杆混凝土，完成锚杆基础施工；9) Remove the dregs at the bottom of the foundation pit, locate the anchor holes of the anchor rods, use the transmission line anchor rod drilling machine to drill holes, insert the anchor rods and align them after completing the construction of all the anchor holes, and then pour the anchor rod concrete to complete the anchor rod foundation construction ; 10）安装嵌固基础钢筋笼，并浇筑混凝土，将嵌固基础和锚杆基础浇筑成一体形成嵌固锚杆复合基础。10) Install the embedded foundation reinforcement cage, pour concrete, and pour the embedded foundation and the anchor rod foundation into one body to form the embedded anchor rod composite foundation.
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