SMC (sheet molding compound) molding compound for low-temperature low-pressure weather-resistant agricultural machinery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastics, in particular to a SMC molding compound for low-temperature low-pressure weather-resistant agricultural machinery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
SMC moulding compounds, mainly comprising Sheet moulding compounds SMC (Sheet moulding Compound), were resin-based composites reinforced with glass fibres developed in the last 60 th century. SMC/BMC molding compounds have been widely used in various industries such as automobile manufacturing, agricultural machinery manufacturing, aviation, transportation, electric appliances, instruments, construction and the like, especially in the agricultural machinery industry, because of their excellent mechanical properties, excellent weather resistance and heat resistance, low shrinkage and good processability. In recent years, many enterprises and research departments at home and abroad have studied the characteristics of resins and fibers in order to obtain high-performance SMC composite materials, and the SMC materials with excellent performance are expected to be obtained. In view of the current state of development of the industry, conventional SMC is mainly produced by using an unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix, filling other materials, and reinforcing chopped glass fibers as main raw materials, and by combining auxiliary raw materials such as a low shrinkage additive, an antioxidant, an initiator, a thickener, a release agent, and the like.
Low-carbon energy conservation has become the mainstream of the world nowadays and is the root for the survival of each enterprise. SMC molding compounds are generallyProcessing and molding at 140-160 deg.C by compression molding or injection molding, with molding pressure of 200kg/cm 2 The faster cure cycle is typically 30S/mm. And the molding temperature and the time period of the molding compound are reduced, which is the key direction of the industry development.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the applicant of the invention provides an SMC molding compound for agricultural machinery with low temperature, low pressure and weather resistance and a preparation method thereof. The plastic disclosed by the invention greatly reduces the molding temperature and molding pressure, shortens the curing period, and simultaneously maintains the original excellent performance of the material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the SMC molding compound for the low-temperature low-pressure weather-resistant agricultural machinery comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the unsaturated polyester resin is silicon modified unsaturated polyester resin, the solid content is 50-60%, and the viscosity at 23 ℃ is 2200-2400cps.
The low-profile additive is a colorable polystyrene type low-profile additive WHUT-LPA; the high-fluidity filling material is high-fluidity spherical calcium carbonate powder, and the particle size of the high-fluidity spherical calcium carbonate powder is 1000-3000 meshes.
The No. 1 curing agent is tert-butyl peroxyisooctanoate, the purity is more than 98 percent, and the 10-hour half-life temperature is 70 ℃; the No. 2 curing agent is di-tert-butyl peroxide, the purity is more than 96%, and the 10-hour half-life temperature is 121 ℃.
The compound polymerization inhibitor is RS-421.
The release agent is zinc stearate powder with the particle size of 500 meshes.
The process aid is a mixture of BYK9010 and BYK996, and the mass ratio of the BYK9010 to the BYK996 is 1-1; the antioxidant is basf 1010.
The glass fiber is 400-4800tex glass fiber chopped yarn, and the machine cutting length is 25mm.
A preparation method of the SMC molding compound for the agricultural machinery with low temperature, low pressure and weather resistance comprises the following steps:
firstly, stirring 60-80 parts of unsaturated polyester resin, 20-40 parts of low-shrinkage additive and 5-7 parts of process auxiliary agent for 2min at the rotating speed of 500rpm in a stirring kettle, wherein the temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃; after being stirred uniformly, 1.5-2 parts of No. 1 curing agent, 0.3-1 part of No. 2 curing agent, 0.5-1 part of composite polymerization inhibitor and 3-4 parts of antioxidant are added, and the mixture is stirred for 1min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm; then 160-200 parts of high-fluidity filling material and 2-4 parts of release agent are added, stirred for 5min at the rotating speed of 300rpm, then added into an SMC production line and compounded with 50-80 parts of glass fiber, the production of the material is finished, and the material is placed into a curing chamber for curing for 3 days at the temperature of 45 ℃.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention relates to a low-temperature low-pressure weather-resistant SMC molding compound, which is a novel polyester molding compound prepared by adopting a plurality of novel curing systems to mix and match, a novel high-fluidity filler and a novel polymerization inhibitor to assist in controlling curing and storage, adding a special process additive to improve the fluidity of the material after being pressed at a certain temperature, adding an antioxidant to improve the weather resistance and matching with auxiliary raw materials such as a low-shrinkage additive, glass fiber and the like on the main structure of a conventional SMC material. The novel molding compound greatly reduces the molding temperature and the molding pressure, shortens the curing period, and has the molding temperature of only 105-120 ℃ and the molding pressure of only 50kg/cm 2 The curing period is 10-15S/mm, and the material keeps the original excellent performance.
The novel curing system adopted by the invention is mixed and matched, and the novel composite polymerization inhibitor assists in controlling, so that the curing time is shortened, and meanwhile, the fluidity and the storage property of the material are ensured; the matching research of the high-fluidity filling agent, the release agent and the process auxiliary agent improves the high fluidity and the release smoothness of the product during low-temperature and low-pressure molding; through special feeding and mixing sequence and temperature control of mixing equipment, the generation time of free radicals in the material is controlled, and the molding characteristic and the appearance quality of the material are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
The characteristics of the raw materials adopted in the invention are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
Example 1
A preparation method of the SMC molding compound for the agricultural machinery with low temperature, low pressure and weather resistance comprises the following steps:
firstly, stirring 60 parts of unsaturated polyester resin, 40 parts of low-shrinkage additive and 7 parts of process additive for 2min at the rotating speed of 500rpm in a stirring kettle, wherein the temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃; after being stirred uniformly, 1.5 parts of No. 1 curing agent, 1 part of No. 2 curing agent, 1 part of composite polymerization inhibitor and 3 parts of antioxidant are added, and the mixture is stirred for 1min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm; then 160 parts of high-fluidity filling material and 2 parts of release agent are added, the mixture is stirred for 5min at the rotating speed of 300rpm, then the mixture is added into an SMC production line and 80 parts of glass fiber are added for compounding, the production of the material is finished after the material is taken out, and the material is put into a curing chamber for curing for 3 days at the temperature of 45 ℃.
Example 2
A preparation method of the SMC molding compound for the agricultural machinery with low temperature, low pressure and weather resistance comprises the following steps:
firstly, stirring 80 parts of unsaturated polyester resin, 20 parts of low-shrinkage additive and 5 parts of process additive for 2min at the rotating speed of 500rpm in a stirring kettle, wherein the temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃; after the mixture is uniformly stirred, adding 2 parts of No. 1 curing agent, 0.3 part of No. 2 curing agent, 0.8 part of composite polymerization inhibitor and 4 parts of antioxidant, and stirring for 1min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm; then 200 parts of high-fluidity filling material and 4 parts of release agent are added, stirring is carried out for 5min at the rotating speed of 300rpm, then 70 parts of glass fiber is added in an SMC production line for compounding, the production of the material is finished after the material is taken out, and the material is put in a curing chamber for curing for 3 days at the temperature of 45 ℃.
Example 3
A preparation method of the SMC molding compound for the agricultural machinery with low temperature, low pressure and weather resistance comprises the following steps:
firstly, stirring 75 parts of unsaturated polyester resin, 25 parts of low-shrinkage additive and 6 parts of process additive for 2min at the rotating speed of 500rpm in a stirring kettle, wherein the temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃; after being stirred uniformly, 1.8 parts of No. 1 curing agent, 0.6 part of No. 2 curing agent, 0.5 part of composite polymerization inhibitor and 3 parts of antioxidant are added, and the mixture is stirred for 1min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm; then adding 180 parts of high-fluidity filling material and 3 parts of release agent, stirring for 5min at the rotating speed of 300rpm, adding 50 parts of glass fiber into an SMC production line for compounding, finishing the production of the material after the material is taken out, and putting the material into a curing chamber for curing for 3 days at the temperature of 45 ℃.
Test example:
the products of examples 1 to 3 were molded at a temperature of 110 ℃ and 50kg/cm 2 Molding under molding pressure with a curing period of 10-15S/mm to obtain 2mm sample pieces, and testing at room temperature to obtain the results shown in Table 2. All the test performances can meet the related index requirements.
TABLE 2
Test items
|
Unit
|
Test method
|
Technical index
|
Example 1
|
Example 2
|
Example 3
|
Specific gravity of molded article
|
g/cm3
|
ISO 1183-2004(E)
|
1.75-1.95
|
1.76
|
1.8
|
1.79
|
Molding shrinkage ratio
|
%
|
ISO 2577-1984(E)
|
<0.2
|
0.15
|
0.15
|
0.16
|
Water absorption rate
|
mg
|
ISO 62-1999(E)
|
<0.2
|
0.18
|
0.17
|
0.18
|
Heat distortion temperature
|
℃
|
ISO 75-1987(E)
|
>200
|
225
|
220
|
222
|
Bending strength
|
MPa
|
ISO 178-2001(E)
|
>200
|
256
|
247
|
262
|
Bending modulus of elasticity
|
GPa
|
ISO 178-2001(E)
|
>20
|
28
|
26
|
29
|
Impact Strength (Charpy)
|
KJ/m2
|
ISO 179-2000(E)
|
>60
|
77
|
76
|
78
|
Weather resistance
|
|
Florida light test
|
Color change of less than 2 per year
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
1.4
|
Flame resistance
|
|
UL-94
|
HB
|
HB
|
HB
|
HB |