CN111777299A - Oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on single screw expander - Google Patents
Oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on single screw expander Download PDFInfo
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- CN111777299A CN111777299A CN202010613416.6A CN202010613416A CN111777299A CN 111777299 A CN111777299 A CN 111777299A CN 202010613416 A CN202010613416 A CN 202010613416A CN 111777299 A CN111777299 A CN 111777299A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide an oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on a single-screw expander, which is used for fully utilizing a large amount of waste heat resources in the existing oily sludge pyrolysis system and comprises a pyrolysis reactor, a pyrolysis reactor and a heat treatment unit, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is used for pyrolyzing the oily sludge into pyrolysis flue gas, pyrolysis oil gas and solid residues; a pyrolysis flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with a first evaporator, heat exchange between the pyrolysis flue gas and a first organic working medium is realized in the first evaporator, and the first evaporator is also connected with a flue gas purification device and used for discharging the pyrolysis flue gas; the first evaporator is provided with a first organic working medium inlet and a first organic working medium outlet, and the first organic working medium outlet is sequentially connected with a first single-screw expander, a first condenser and a first working medium pump in series through a pipeline and then is connected back to the first organic working medium inlet; the first single screw expander is connected with a first generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on a single-screw expander, which is mainly used for recovering and utilizing energy in pyrolysis flue gas and pyrolysis oil gas generated in oily sludge and belongs to the field of industrial waste heat utilization.
Background
At present, the world resources are in short supply, and the conditions of low energy utilization rate and serious resource waste exist in China. And in the later stage of industrialization, industrialization is continuously accelerated in China, but the resource utilization level cannot keep pace with the process of industrialization, so that the economic benefit is poor, and the ecological environment pressure is aggravated. In 2016, China formally becomes the first major energy consuming nation in the world, the consumption accounts for 23 percent of the global consumption, the energy consumption in the industrial field is more than 70 percent of the total national energy consumption, more than 50 percent of energy is converted into different forms of industrial waste heat, more than 80 percent of the waste heat is directly dissipated along with waste gas and waste liquid discharged to the environment, and the waste of the part of resources is serious. The utilization rate of industrial waste heat resources in main industrial departments in China is only 7.3 percent on average, the recovery rate of the industrial waste heat resources is only 30 percent, and the potential of waste heat recovery is very huge.
In the research of industrial waste heat recycling, a lot of efforts are made by predecessors, but the current industrial waste heat utilization in China still has a lot of problems. In the face of the current situations of resource shortage in China and low utilization rate of industrial waste heat, certain measures are urgently needed to improve the situation, so that the recycling of the industrial waste heat becomes a necessary measure for solving the current increasingly severe energy situation, and the basic research and industrial practice of comprehensive utilization of the industrial waste heat must be vigorously developed on the basis of combining the current national situation of China, so that the purposes of saving energy, reducing emission, reducing energy consumption, improving the comprehensive utilization rate of energy and improving the current situation of the shortage of the waste heat resource utilization technology in China are achieved. The oily sludge refers to sludge mixed with various heavy oils. Oily sludge is harmful to human bodies, plants, water organisms and the like, evaporated oil gas in the air can stimulate eyes, skin, respirator officials and the like, the land can lose the function of plant growth, and the damaged land is difficult to repair and treat and is one of main pollutants in the petrochemical industry, so that a certain means is needed to solve the problem. The treatment technology of the oily sludge mainly comprises the following three types: resource recovery method, harmless treatment method and comprehensive utilization technology. Wherein the resource recovery comprises a solvent extraction method, a water washing method, a microemulsion washing method and a demulsification method; the harmless treatment comprises biological treatment, immobilization treatment and incineration; the comprehensive utilization technology comprises a thermal decomposition method, brick making and paving, preparation of an oil-containing sludge-based carbon material and the like. The pyrolysis technology of the oil sludge is a treatment mode which is widely applied. A large amount of waste heat resources exist in the dirty oil sludge pyrolysis system, the pyrolysis flue gas temperature is too high, waste and environmental pollution are caused by direct discharge, the pyrolysis oil gas needs to be cooled, and a large amount of energy can be released during cooling, so that the energy recovery system is designed to recycle the low-grade heat source waste heat in the dirty oil sludge pyrolysis system, and the energy conservation and consumption reduction in the actual dirty oil sludge pyrolysis recovery industrial production process are very important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an oil-containing sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on a single-screw expander so as to fully utilize a large amount of waste heat resources in the conventional oil-containing sludge pyrolysis system. The oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system provided by the invention is designed with a pyrolysis flue gas recovery system and a pyrolysis oil gas recovery system which are used for recovering heat together, and the heat recovery of pyrolysis flue gas and pyrolysis oil gas is realized based on an organic Rankine cycle and a single-screw expander.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a pyrolysis energy recovery system for oily sludge based on a single-screw expander comprises a pyrolysis reactor, a pyrolysis reactor and a control system, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is used for pyrolyzing dirty oily sludge into pyrolysis flue gas, pyrolysis oil gas and solid residues;
a pyrolysis flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with a first evaporator, heat exchange between the pyrolysis flue gas and a first organic working medium is realized in the first evaporator, and the first evaporator is also connected with a flue gas purification device and used for discharging the pyrolysis flue gas;
the first evaporator is provided with a first organic working medium inlet and a first organic working medium outlet, the first organic working medium outlet is sequentially connected with a first single-screw expander, a first condenser and a first working medium pump in series through pipelines and then is connected back to the first organic working medium inlet, the first working medium pump provides power for continuously pumping the first organic working medium into the first evaporator to form circulation, and the first condenser realizes the cooling of the first organic working medium;
the first single-screw expander is connected with a first generator, and the first organic working medium which exchanges heat with the pyrolysis flue gas and is heated is used for work and power generation, so that the heat of the pyrolysis flue gas is recycled;
the first condenser is also provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, the cooling water outlet is sequentially connected with a first circulating cooling water tower and a first circulating water pump in series through pipelines and then connected back to the cooling water inlet, the first circulating water pump provides power for pumping cooling water into the first condenser to form circulation, and the first circulating cooling water tower realizes cooling of circulating cooling water;
a first heat regenerator is connected to a pipeline connecting the first single-screw expander and the first condenser, a first condenser inlet regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the first working medium pump and the first organic working medium inlet, and the first heat regenerator and the first condenser inlet regulating valve are connected into a loop through a pipeline;
a first hot water heat exchanger is also connected in parallel in a connecting pipeline of the first evaporator and the flue gas purification device, valves are arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the first hot water heat exchanger, and the valves control the starting and closing of the first hot water heat exchanger;
the pyrolysis oil gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with a second evaporator, the heat exchange between the pyrolysis oil gas and a second organic working medium is realized in the second evaporator, the second evaporator is also connected with an oil-water separator, and the pyrolysis oil gas is discharged to the oil-water separator after the heat exchange to realize oil-water separation;
the second evaporator is provided with a second organic working medium inlet and a second organic working medium outlet, the second organic working medium outlet is sequentially connected with a second single-screw expander, a second condenser and a second working medium pump in series through pipelines and then is connected back to the second organic working medium inlet, the second working medium pump provides power for continuously pumping a second organic working medium into the second evaporator to form circulation, and the second condenser realizes the cooling of the second organic working medium;
the second single-screw expander is connected with a second generator, and the second organic working medium which exchanges heat with the cracked oil gas and is heated is used for work and power generation, so that the heat of the cracked oil gas is recycled;
the second condenser is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, the cooling water outlet is sequentially connected in series with a second circulating cooling water tower and a second circulating water pump through pipelines and then connected back to the cooling water inlet of the second condenser in series, the second circulating water pump provides power for pumping cooling water into the second condenser to form circulation, and the second circulating cooling water tower realizes cooling of circulating cooling water of the second condenser;
a pipeline connecting the second single-screw expander and the second condenser is also connected with a second heat regenerator, a second condenser inlet adjusting valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the second working medium pump and the second organic working medium inlet, and the second heat regenerator and the second condenser inlet adjusting valve are connected into a loop through a pipeline;
and a second hot water heat exchanger is also connected in parallel in a connecting pipeline between the second evaporator and the oil-water separator, and valves are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the second hot water heat exchanger and control the starting and closing of the second hot water heat exchanger.
The first organic working medium and the second organic working medium can be the same or different, for example, R123 organic working medium is adopted.
And frequency converters are arranged between the first single-screw expander and the second single-screw expander and between the first generator and the second generator, and are used when the rotating speeds are inconsistent.
The inlets and outlets of the first single-screw expander and the second single-screw expander are respectively provided with a regulating valve; regulating valves are arranged at the inlets of the first working medium pump and the second working medium pump; a regulating valve is arranged between the pyrolysis flue gas outlet and the first evaporator, and a regulating valve is also arranged between the pyrolysis oil gas outlet and the second evaporator.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the energy recovery system is provided with two circulating systems, namely a flue gas heat recovery system and a pyrolysis oil gas heat recovery system, so that the heat energy of pyrolysis reaction products can be fully utilized, and the waste heat recovery utilization rate is high;
2. different organic working media are selected according to the temperature of pyrolysis flue gas and pyrolysis oil gas, so that the heat recovery and circulation efficiency is high;
3. the organic working medium is adopted as a circulating working medium, the condensing pressure of the organic working medium is high compared with that of water, the whole system works under the conditions of approaching to and slightly higher than atmospheric pressure, the leakage phenomenon of the organic working medium is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the solidifying point of the organic working medium is very low, so that the organic working medium is allowed to still release energy at a lower temperature, and an anti-freezing facility is not required to be added to a condenser even in a cold day;
4. the first hot water heat exchanger and the second hot water heat exchanger are arranged in the system in parallel for standby, when the organic working medium circulating system breaks down, the valve can be operated to switch to the water heater for heat exchange to reduce the temperature of smoke or oil gas, and the fault tolerance rate is high;
5. the single-screw expander can achieve high isentropic efficiency, good dynamic balance, simplicity, reliability, no wearing parts, no clearance and certain descaling and self-cleaning capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on a single screw expander according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the system comprises a pyrolysis reactor, 2, a first evaporator, 3, a first single screw expander, 4, a first generator, 5, a first condenser, 6, a first circulating cooling water tower, 7, a first circulating water pump, 8, a first working medium pump, 9, an oil-water separator, 10, a second evaporator, 11, a second single screw expander, 12, a second generator, 13, a second condenser, 14, a second circulating cooling water tower, 15, a second circulating water pump, 16, a second working medium pump, 17, a first regenerator, 18, a second regenerator, 19, a first hot water heat exchanger, 20, a second hot water heat exchanger, 21, a first condenser inlet regulating valve, 22 and a second condenser inlet regulating valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The present invention is described in terms of specific embodiments, and other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein.
Referring to the drawings, the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the present disclosure, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present disclosure can be implemented, so that the present disclosure has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the disclosure of the present disclosure without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present disclosure. Meanwhile, the positional limitation terms used in the present specification are for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications of the relative relationship therebetween may be regarded as the scope of the present invention without substantial changes in the technical content.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on a single screw expander, and the following describes the oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on the single screw expander in combination with fig. 1 as follows:
the oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on the single-screw expander comprises a pyrolysis flue gas recovery system and a pyrolysis oil gas recovery system, wherein the pyrolysis flue gas recovery system comprises a flue gas organic working medium circulating system, a flue gas power generation system, a first cooling circulating system and a first heat recovery system;
the device also comprises a pyrolysis reactor 1, a material bin and a material bin, wherein the pyrolysis reactor 1 is used for pyrolyzing the dirty oil sludge into pyrolysis flue gas, pyrolysis oil gas and solid residues, and the solid residues are discharged to the material bin;
the pyrolysis flue gas is introduced into a first evaporator 2, exchanges heat with a first organic working medium in the first evaporator 2 and then is discharged to a flue gas purification device, the first organic working medium which exchanges heat with the pyrolysis flue gas enters a first single-screw expander 3 for work and power generation and then is changed into first organic working medium exhaust steam, the first organic working medium exhaust steam is introduced into a first condenser 5 for condensation and then is conveyed back to the first evaporator 2 through a first working medium pump 8, wherein the first organic working medium circulates in the first evaporator 2, the first single-screw expander 3, the first condenser 5 and the first working medium pump 8 to form a flue gas organic working medium circulation system;
the first single-screw expander 3 drives the first generator 4 to operate to form a flue gas power generation system, so that waste heat of flue gas heat is recycled;
cooling water is pumped into the first condenser 5 through a first circulating water pump 7 and is used for condensing a first organic working medium of the flue gas organic working medium circulating system, the cooling water exchanges heat with the first organic working medium in the first condenser 5 and then returns to a first circulating cooling water tower 6, and the cooling water is pumped into the first condenser 5 again through the first circulating water pump 7 to form a cycle, wherein the cycle is a first cooling circulating system;
a first heat regenerator 17 is further arranged in a pipeline from the first single-screw expander 3 to the first condenser 5, a first condenser inlet adjusting valve 21 is further arranged in a pipeline from the first condenser 5 to the first evaporator 2, and the first heat regenerator 17 and the first condenser inlet adjusting valve 21 are connected in series through a pipeline to form a first heat recovery system;
the pyrolysis oil gas is discharged from the pyrolysis reactor 1 to a second evaporator 10, exchanges heat with a second organic working medium in the second evaporator 10, and is discharged to an oil-water separator 9, and the oil-water separator 9 realizes the separation of oil and water; the second organic working medium after heat exchange with the cracked oil gas enters a second single-screw expander 11 for work and power generation and then is changed into second organic working medium exhaust steam, the second organic working medium exhaust steam is introduced into a second condenser 13 for condensation and then is conveyed back to a second evaporator 10 through a second working medium pump 16, wherein the second organic working medium circulates in the second evaporator 10, the second single-screw expander 11, the second condenser 13 and the second working medium pump 16 to form an oil gas organic working medium circulating system;
the second single-screw expander 11 drives the second generator 12 to operate to form an oil gas power generation system, so that the waste heat of the cracked oil gas is recycled;
cooling water is pumped into the second condenser 13 through a second circulating water pump 15 and is used for condensing a second organic working medium of the oil gas organic working medium circulating system, the cooling water exchanges heat with the second organic working medium in the second condenser 13 and then returns to a second circulating cooling water tower 14, and the cooling water is pumped into the second condenser 13 again through the second circulating water pump 15 to form a circulation after being cooled, wherein the circulation is a second cooling circulating system;
a second heat regenerator 18 is further arranged in a pipeline from the second single-screw expander 11 to the second condenser 13, a second condenser inlet adjusting valve 22 is further arranged in a pipeline from the second condenser 13 to the second evaporator 10, and the second heat regenerator 18 and the second condenser inlet adjusting valve 22 are connected in series through a pipeline to form a second heat recovery system.
The energy recovery system also comprises a first hot water heat exchanger 19 and a second hot water heat exchanger 20, wherein the first hot water heat exchanger 19 is connected in parallel in an exhaust pipeline from the first evaporator 2 to the flue gas purification device through a valve, and the starting and the closing of the first hot water heat exchanger 19 are controlled through the valve; the second hot water heat exchanger 20 is connected in parallel in a discharge pipeline from the second evaporator 10 to the oil-water separator 9 through a valve, and the opening and closing of the second hot water heat exchanger 20 are controlled through the valve.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The oily sludge pyrolysis energy recovery system based on the single-screw expander is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis reactor, a pyrolysis reactor and a pyrolysis device, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is used for pyrolyzing dirty oil sludge into pyrolysis flue gas, pyrolysis oil gas and solid residues;
a pyrolysis flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with a first evaporator, heat exchange between the pyrolysis flue gas and a first organic working medium is realized in the first evaporator, and the first evaporator is also connected with a flue gas purification device and used for discharging the pyrolysis flue gas;
the first evaporator is provided with a first organic working medium inlet and a first organic working medium outlet, and the first organic working medium outlet is sequentially connected with a first single-screw expander, a first condenser and a first working medium pump in series through a pipeline and then is connected back to the first organic working medium inlet;
the first single-screw expander is connected with a first generator;
the pyrolysis oil gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with a second evaporator, the heat exchange between the pyrolysis oil gas and a second organic working medium is realized in the second evaporator, the second evaporator is also connected with an oil-water separator, and the pyrolysis oil gas is discharged to the oil-water separator after the heat exchange to realize oil-water separation;
the second evaporator is provided with a second organic working medium inlet and a second organic working medium outlet, and the second organic working medium outlet is sequentially connected with a second single-screw expander, a second condenser and a second working medium pump in series through pipelines and then is connected back to the second organic working medium inlet;
the second single screw expander is connected with a second generator.
2. The energy recovery system of claim 1,
the first condenser is also provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, and the cooling water outlet is sequentially connected with a first circulating cooling water tower and a first circulating water pump in series through pipelines and then connected back to the cooling water inlet in series;
the second condenser is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, and the cooling water outlet is sequentially connected with a second circulating cooling water tower and a second circulating water pump in series through pipelines and then connected back to the cooling water inlet of the second condenser in series.
3. The energy recovery system of claim 1, further characterized in that a first recuperator is connected to the line connecting the first single screw expander and the first condenser, a first condenser inlet control valve is provided in the line connecting the first working medium pump and the first organic working medium inlet, and the first recuperator and the first condenser inlet control valve are connected to form a loop via a line.
4. The energy recovery system of claim 1 further characterized in that a second regenerator is connected to the line connecting the second single screw expander and the second condenser, a second condenser inlet regulating valve is provided on the line connecting the second working medium pump and the second organic working medium inlet, and the second regenerator and the second condenser inlet regulating valve are connected by a line to form a loop.
5. The energy recovery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further characterized in that a first hot water heat exchanger is connected in parallel in the connecting pipeline of the first evaporator and the flue gas purification device, and a valve is arranged at each of an inlet and an outlet of the first hot water heat exchanger, and the opening and the closing of the first hot water heat exchanger are controlled by the valve.
6. The energy recovery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further characterized in that a second hot water heat exchanger is connected in parallel in the connecting pipeline of the second evaporator and the oil-water separator, and a valve is arranged at each of an inlet and an outlet of the second hot water heat exchanger, and the opening and the closing of the second hot water heat exchanger are controlled by the valve.
7. The energy recovery system of claim 1 further characterized in that said first organic working fluid and said second organic working fluid are the same or different.
8. The energy recovery system of claim 1 further characterized in that said first organic working fluid and said second organic working fluid are the same and both employ R123 organic working fluid.
9. The energy recovery system of claim 1 further characterized in that a frequency converter is installed between the first single screw expander and the second single screw expander and between the first generator and the second generator.
10. The energy recovery system of claim 1 further characterized in that the inlet and outlet of the first and second single screw expanders are each provided with a regulating valve; regulating valves are arranged at the inlets of the first working medium pump and the second working medium pump; a regulating valve is arranged between the pyrolysis flue gas outlet and the first evaporator, and a regulating valve is also arranged between the pyrolysis oil gas outlet and the second evaporator.
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| CN107244797A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-10-13 | 南京塔川化工设备有限公司 | A kind of oiliness sludge confesses heated drying and Non-oxygen pyrolytic system and method indirectly |
| CN107941028A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-20 | 中国科学技术大学 | Sintering cooling power generation system using waste heat with organic Rankine bottoming cycle |
| CN108049917A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-05-18 | 北京工业大学 | It is a kind of based on single-screw expander without fluid reservoir skid-mounted type organic Rankine cycle power generation system |
| CN108412567A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-17 | 新疆敦华石油技术股份有限公司 | A kind of oil field high-temperature produced liquid waste heat recovery and electricity generation system |
| CN110451754A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-15 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of method for innocent treatment of greasy filth pyrolysis |
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