CN111774629A

CN111774629A - High-speed steel milling cutter and one-time milling method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111774629A
Application number: CN202010638302.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡功明; 丁建军
Original assignee: Wuhu Mjter Numerical Control Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuhu Mjter Numerical Control Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-02
Filing date: 2020-07-02
Publication date: 2020-10-16

Abstract

The application discloses a high-speed steel milling cutter and a one-time milling method thereof, which change the production process of the original cutter, the traditional production process is that rough machining is firstly carried out, then heat treatment is carried out, and then finish machining is carried out, and an innovative method is provided. The novel numerical control five-axis cutter milling technology is adopted, a cutter tooth blade structure with only one blade passing through the center is adopted, the taper of the cutter handle and the straight handle are formed in a composite mode, the blade and the tooth blade are all processed in place, the cutter tooth blade structure can be applied to any numerical control machining center to form a cutter with a taper composite cutter handle, the straight handle and the taper exist in the same cutter handle at the same time, segmentation processing is carried out, and the application of the taper high-speed steel milling cutter to the numerical control machining center is solved.

Description

High-speed steel milling cutter and one-time milling method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of grinding machine milling cutter machining, in particular to a high-speed steel milling cutter and a one-time milling method thereof.

Background

After decades of development, the production technologies of the milling cutters are introduced from abroad, and no new breakthrough is developed so far, and the recent high-speed development of numerical control machines and intelligent machine tools leads to that the high-speed steel cutters are seriously derailed from the new technologies. The tool handle is the basis for installing and using the tool, the Morse tool handle is long-term, a plurality of manual machine tools or semi-automatic machine tools are applied, the numerical control machine tool is rarely applied to the tool handle clamping mode, the spindle interface of the numerical control machine tool is generally an access method of BT \ HSK \ ISO structural systems, so that the automatic tool changing process of the tool and the spindle is realized, but the Morse structure is difficult to realize the automatic tool changing result, in order to solve the problem that the spindle interface of the numerical control machine tool can be connected in an abutting mode, the invention provides the tool with the taper composite tool handle, the straight handle and the taper exist in the same tool handle at the same time, the sectional processing is carried out, and the application of the taper high-speed steel milling cutter on a numerical control machining center is solved. The traditional high-speed steel taper shank milling cutter has no central blade above three blades, and the largest stuffing lack which cannot be used in a numerical control machining center is also shown, so that the traditional cutter can only insert the cutter from the side surface of a workpiece to perform milling machining, but directly perforates, and performs milling machining simultaneously after drilling is finished.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the application provides a high-speed steel milling cutter and a one-time milling method thereof.

A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a high-speed steel milling cutter, a cutter base of which includes a cutter land body at a front end and a cutter taper shank at a rear end; a blade vacancy avoiding position is arranged between the cutter blade zone body and the cutter taper shank;

the cutter blade zone body adopts the blade teeth of 3-10 blades, wherein only one blade tooth reaches the center of the circle center of the end of the milling cutter head, and the rest blades do not cross the center;

a cutter body chip groove is arranged between the end parts of the adjacent cutting edges; a cutter chip groove is arranged between the bodies of the adjacent cutting edges, and the depth of the groove is 30-40% of the diameter of the cutting edge of the cutter;

the taper shank of the cutter is made into a shank part with Morse taper or BT series taper; the cutter taper shank is of a three-section structure and is divided into a front part, a middle part and a tail part; one third to one fourth of the rear end of the cutter taper shank is used as a tail part, one third to one fourth of the front end close to the blade part is used as a front part, the front part and the tail part are both tapered, the rest part in the middle of the cutter taper shank is used as a middle part, and the middle part is a straight shank cylinder; the front part and the tail part of the cutter taper shank adopt tapers for being matched with a taper access port of a machine tool using a taper interface, and the middle part adopts a straight shank cylinder for clamping in the batch production process or being arranged on a straight shank chuck of a numerical control machine tool;

an inner hole is formed in the tail part of the cutter taper shank; the inner hole is provided with internal threads and is used for locking and fixing a cutter by a bolt or adding an automatically replaced blind rivet or directly applying the blind rivet on a numerical control machine tool and automatically replacing the cutter.

Further, the cutter blade area body and the cutter taper shank body are formed by butt welding through a hydraulic welding machine and a high-frequency machine.

Further, the cutter blade area body is made of high-speed tool steel materials; the tool taper shank body is made of a carbon steel material 45# steel or a 40Cr material.

Further, the sharp corner of each blade is ground into an R-corner semicircle or a right angle.

Furthermore, the chip grooves of the cutter body are straight grooves and spiral grooves, wherein the spiral angle is 30-45 degrees.

Further, the cutting edge adopts a double back angle, and the cutting edge adopts a non-sawtooth or sawtooth shape.

Further, when the blade zone is in a sawtooth shape, sawteeth of adjacent blades are arranged in a staggered mode.

The second aspect of the embodiment of the application provides a one-time milling method for a high-speed steel milling cutter, wherein the milling cutter is adopted for the high-speed steel milling cutter;

the milling method comprises the following steps:

heating the cutter blade body and the cutter taper shank by using a hydraulic welder and a high-frequency machine, then welding and connecting the cutter blade body and the cutter taper shank, and annealing;

the machining is carried out in a numerical control composite lathe, and the rough turning taper of the cutter taper shank and the straight shank are machined at one time;

punching the center of a cutter taper shank in the same lathe, after punching, performing numerical control tapping on the same lathe, and chamfering an angle; after all procedures of machining the taper shank of the cutter are finished, slotting the whole milling cutter by adopting a numerical control five-axis machining center, and machining the peripheral teeth, the peripheral teeth rear angle, the front angle, the first rear angle of the cutting edge and the second rear angle at one time to finish the production process of the whole cutter; performing heat treatment, and then performing finish turning on the excircle of the taper shank of the cutter to process the taper and the diameter;

the straight shank part is clamped through the machining center, grinding machining is carried out, and after the angle, the length and the center thickness are measured on the cutter through a three-dimensional online measuring probe of a numerical control five-axis machining center, the grinding machining is carried out, so that the production of the whole cutter is completed.

Further, after all the procedures of machining the taper shank of the cutter are finished, the whole milling cutter is grooved by adopting a numerical control five-axis machining center, and in the step of machining the peripheral teeth, the peripheral tooth back angles and the front angles at one time, the peripheral teeth, the peripheral tooth back angles and the front angles are machined at one time after 3 types of disc-type milling cutters are additionally arranged and formed into disposable blades, and the grooves in the milling cutter are finely ground after a disc-type milling cutter is additionally arranged and formed into a disposable grinding wheel.

Furthermore, the disc type milling cutter comprises three milling cutter discs and a group of cutter handles, the three milling cutter discs are arranged on the cutter handles, and the tail ends of the cutter handles are BT or SHK series; the tool shank is used for being connected with the main shaft interface;

the milling cutter head comprises a front cutter head, a middle cutter head and a rear cutter head; the front cutter head is used for processing a first back angle and a second back angle of the end teeth, and a first back angle and a second back angle of the cutting edge; the middle cutter head is used for processing a cutter body chip groove; the rear cutter head is used for machining a cutter body chip groove;

in the machining process of the milling cutter disc, the middle cutter disc firstly machines a cutter body chip groove on the milling cutter, then the rear cutter disc machines the cutter body chip groove on the end part of the milling cutter, and finally the front cutter disc machines a cutting edge back angle and an end tooth back angle of the milling cutter.

Furthermore, the milling cutter head adopts a slotting plane milling cutter and is used for slotting a cutter substrate, 2 to more than one alloy forming milling cutter blade is additionally arranged on the milling cutter head according to the size of the milling cutter head, a pit with the shape of the bottom of the milling cutter is processed on the milling cutter head and is used for installing the milling cutter blade, the milling cutter blade is provided with an installing through hole in the middle and is used for fixing the milling cutter head on the milling cutter head through a bolt, and after the milling cutter head is precisely matched and sleeved on an installing method on a cutter handle, the milling cutter head is locked and;

when the machining is carried out in the five-axis machining center,

processing and slotting the chip groove of the cutter body by using a cutter head in a milling cutter with an angle of 0 degree;

a 35-degree milling cutter rear cutter disc is used for machining a chip groove, the angle sharpness of a milling cutter blade for machining the chip groove is a 55-degree blade, and the peripheral end face of the milling cutter disc is a 35-degree angle;

the back angle of the cutting edge and the back angle of the end tooth are processed by a front cutter disc of a bowl-shaped milling cutter with an angle of 20 degrees, the angle tip of the used milling cutter blade is a blade with an angle of 55 degrees, and the outer peripheral end surface of the milling cutter disc forms an angle of 20 degrees.

Further, the precision requirement is high, automatic tool changing can be achieved through a numerical control five-axis machining center, a group of grinding wheels with the same angle specification as the milling cutter disc are replaced for fine grinding once, and the cutter is not detached during secondary fine machining, so that the machining precision is guaranteed:

the milling method also comprises the steps of carrying out excircle finish turning on the cutter taper shank after annealing treatment, processing the taper and the diameter,

Further, the milling cutter disc adopts a grooved grinding wheel and is used for fine grinding once on the groove of the cut cutter matrix; the grinding wheel is a diamond grinding wheel or a single crystal grinding wheel with CNB components; after the grinding wheel is sleeved into the tool shank shaft in a precise matching manner in the mounting method of the tool shank, the nut locks the handle cap and is locked and fixed through the gasket;

when the fine grinding processing is carried out in the five-axis processing center,

finely machining a chip groove of the cutter body by using a middle cutter disc with an angle of 0 degree;

machining a chip groove by using a grinding wheel rear cutter with an angle of 35 degrees, wherein the angle point of the grinding wheel for machining the chip groove is 55 degrees, and the angle is that the peripheral end surface of the grinding wheel forms an angle of 35 degrees;

and processing the blade back angle and the end tooth back angle by using a bowl-shaped grinding wheel with an angle of 20 degrees, wherein the angle of the used grinding wheel is 55 degrees, and the angle is 20 degrees at the peripheral end surface of the milling cutter disc.

In the cutter of the taper composite cutter handle related in the embodiment of the application, the straight handle and the taper exist in the same cutter handle at the same time, and the sectional treatment is carried out, so that the application of the taper high-speed steel milling cutter in a numerical control machining center is solved; the technological innovation of the milling method lies in that the finished cutter can be produced more quickly, the previous technological processes are carried out according to the proposed method, the coaxiality precision required by a user is 0.02-0.05MM, the production process can complete all the technological processes on a five-axis numerical control machining center before the cutter body is not subjected to heat treatment, the cutter body is directly placed into a vacuum furnace for heat treatment, the collision of bruises cannot occur in the heat treatment process, the heat treatment is finished cutters, and the processing time is the fastest and the cost is the most saved; the tool which needs to be refined again can be directly refined in a five-axis machining center.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an end view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a supplementary explanatory view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a three-blade;

FIG. 6 is an end view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a four-blade structure;

FIG. 8 is an end view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a side schematic view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a five-blade;

FIG. 11 is an end view of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a side schematic view of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a six-blade;

FIG. 14 is an end view of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a side schematic view of FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a serrated edge cutter;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the facing cutter mounted with the insert in a corresponding relationship to the milling position of the milling cutter;

fig. 18 is a schematic view showing the correspondence between the milling cutter disk and the milling position when the grinding wheel is attached.

The meaning of the reference symbols in the figures:

100-tool edge body, 101-blade, 101A-secondary blade, 102-blade groove, 103-blade vacancy avoidance, 104-tool body chip groove, 105-blade sharp angle, 106A-blade first relief angle, 106B-blade second relief angle, 107A-end tooth first relief angle, 107B-end tooth second relief angle, 108-tool front blade, 200-tool taper shank, 201-front part, 202-middle part, 203-rear part, 204-tool withdrawal groove position, 205-threaded hole and 206-chamfer vacancy avoidance.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The high-speed steel milling cutter related by the application is different from the traditional production process in the greatest innovation point that the production and processing mode of the whole high-speed steel cutter industry is changed, so that the production flow process of the whole cutter is less, the production cycle time is greatly shortened, the precision of the cutter is higher, the overall quality is comprehensively improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced; the key point of the innovation is that the original production process is changed, the original external grinding replaces the grinding machine processing by lathe processing, and the technical bottleneck that the hardness of 60 ℃ after heat treatment cannot be subjected to batch turning and rapid processing is broken through; the original three processes are changed into one-step completion of tapering, punching and tapping. The most important is the processing of the cutting edge of the cutter, the original processes of more than 10 are completely integrated into two processes after innovation, the latest numerical control five-axis cutter milling processing technology is adopted, the shape of the front tooth part of the cutter and the working principle are changed, and the function of integrating drilling and milling is realized. Originally, the method can only be applied to a milling machine with a common taper interface, and the taper of the tool shank and the straight shank are subjected to composite forming after reformation, so that the method can be applied to any numerical control machining center. The defect that the traditional cutter cannot drill through is overcome, so that the cutter can realize the drilling and milling integrated function, and is suitable for application of various numerical control machines.

In physical construction, the cutter base body of the milling cutter includes a cutter land body at a forward end and a cutter taper shank at a rearward end. A blade vacancy avoiding position is arranged between the cutter blade zone body and the cutter taper shank. The cutter blade area body at the front end and the cutter taper shank at the rear end are formed by butt welding through a hydraulic welding machine and high-frequency machine heating, and the process saves the production cost of the cutter and improves the toughness of the shank. The tool bit zone body at the front end is made of a high-speed tool steel material, and the tool taper shank at the rear end is made of a carbon steel material 45# steel or 40Cr material.

The cutter cutting edge body in the application adopts 3-10 cutter tooth edges, wherein only one cutting edge reaches the center of the end of the milling cutter head, and other cutting edges do not cross the center. As in fig. 5-15, fig. 5-6 are three-edged embodiments, fig. 7-9 are four-edged embodiments, fig. 10-12 are five-edged embodiments, and fig. 13-15 are six-edged embodiments.

A cutter body chip groove is arranged between the end parts of the adjacent cutting edges. A cutter groove (cutter chip groove) is arranged between the bodies of the adjacent blades and is divided into a straight groove and a spiral groove, and the depth of the cutter groove is 40-30% of the diameter of the cutter blade; the technology for producing and processing the chip groove of the cutter changes the original processing mode, the original production mode is to use a formed milling cutter with various angles to carry out slotting processing and production through a common three-shaft or four-shaft numerical control milling machine, a dividing head is required to clamp a cutter handle during processing, a tip is used for propping against the front end of a cutting edge part of the cutter to carry out rotatable milling processing, the processing efficiency is low, only straight grooves and spiral grooves of the cutter can be processed, end teeth and chip grooves of the cutter are processed by a plurality of machines, when the process is carried out, because the spiral angle of the cutter is measured manually, the angle depth has errors in each batch, and the accumulated errors in the production are very large through a plurality of processes. A better innovative process can be adopted, a five-axis machining center is matched with five-axis cutter software, and all process procedures can be completely machined at one time by additionally arranging 3 milling cutter blades. The cutter straight flute and the spiral flute milling process are formed by adding a formed disposable blade on an innovative cutter head, so that the production and processing efficiency is improved by 10-20 times, and through thousands of times of current experimental argumentations, the disk-type milling cutter with the formed alloy blade is adopted, the processed high-speed milling cutter body is high in smoothness, small in generated stress, high in indexing precision and good in uniformity, after later-stage heat treatment, the cutting edge is convenient to grind, the repeated precision after second clamping is improved, the cutter heat treatment is carried out by adopting vacuum heat treatment, the deformation is small, the heat treatment uniformity is good, and the hardness uniformity of each tooth is good.

The cutter groove adopts a spiral groove and can be at any angle, and the spiral angle is 30-40 degrees in the embodiment.

As shown in fig. 4, the front edge shape of the cutter determines the processing efficiency of undercutting and drilling, if the front edge shape is concave, the undercutting sharpness is better, but the impact resistance is poor due to the thin wall of the blade tooth, and when the front edge shape is flat, the undercutting sharpness is reduced, but the impact resistance is improved.

The corner part of the edge tip of the cutting edge can be ground into an R-angle semicircle, and the cutting edge tip is made into a semicircular R angle to improve the cutting strength of the cutter and prolong the service life of the cutter; in the production process, the R angle of the blade tip is increased due to the five-axis numerical control grinding machine, and the R angle machining process can be completed by adding one R angle machining program in the numerical control program.

The taper shank of the cutter is made of Morse taper or BT series taper, and is mainly limited to the 2 taper structures. The cutter taper shank adopts a three-section structure and is divided into a front part, a middle part and a tail part; one third to one fourth of the rear end of the cutter taper shank is used as a tail part, one third to one fourth of the front end close to the blade part is used as a front part, the front part and the tail part are both tapered, the rest part in the middle of the cutter taper shank is used as a middle part, and the middle part is a straight shank cylinder. Wherein, the front sides of the middle part and the rear part are provided with tool retracting slots. The innovative purpose of doing so is in order to be more suitable the cutter and realize intelligent automatic batch production in the production process, preceding tapering and tail end tapering are for the cooperation use tapering access mouth of taper interface lathe, and middle cylinder straight shank is for batch production in-process, and the automatic unloading of manipulator designs, changes original traditional production clamping mode, and original production mode is that every cutter all will be fixed with bolt locking, and this mode efficiency is very low, and the purpose of innovation now is to improve production efficiency, reduces cutter production cycle. The dual-purpose function of the taper and the straight cylinder is realized, the middle cylindrical straight handle is also suitable for the clamping mode of the cutter of all numerical control machine tools, and the composite cutter handle has the taper and the straight handle on the handle part of one cutter.

The tail part of the cutter taper shank is provided with an inner hole; the inner hole is provided with internal threads and is used for locking and fixing a cutter by a bolt or adding a rivet which is automatically replaced or directly applied to a numerical control machine tool and used for automatically replacing the cutter.

As a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, the tool margins are made into a saw-toothed form, each margin is made into a saw-toothed position which is staggered with the saw teeth of other margins, but finally rotates to form a flat cutting surface, so that the innovation aims at quickly discharging the scrap iron of the workpiece during the processing and using process, because the cutting edge face is saw-toothed, the cutting resistance is small like a saw blade, the cutting amount is large, the processing efficiency can be improved, and the saw teeth can effectively prevent the scrap iron from rolling into a roll, so that the heat dissipation performance of the tool is better. The tooth edge shaping is difficult to finish in the traditional production process, but only a programming process is changed on a five-axis numerical control grinding machine, and the tooth edge shaping can be finished by only adding a blade for cutting off an iron chip groove on a machining cutter.

In addition, the cutter in this application, its technology that adopts is also different from prior art, and traditional production method is that front end body and rear end body are through hydraulic welder, and the butt welding is carried out through high frequency machine heating to form, and this kind of technology has practiced thrift cutter manufacturing cost promptly and has also improved the toughness of stalk portion. And (3) annealing after welding, wherein the hardness of 2 steel materials of different materials can be reduced by annealing, a weld crater generated after welding protrudes out of the surface of the welding position of the two materials, rough machining is carried out by a numerical control lathe, the weld crater is removed, the set taper is lathed, and a tip hole is drilled at the tail end of the cutter handle for the next process.

And the second process is to turn the cutter around to process a counter bore and a tip hole at the blade part by using a numerical control lathe, and roughly turn the excircle of the raw material blank cutter substrate by one step, thus finishing the second process.

The third process is to punch the handle part of the base body of the tool which is turned, a special punching machine is generally adopted, a special tool fixture is arranged for clamping tool bodies of tools with different diameters, the punching and chamfering are one process, and the next process is carried out after the process is finished.

And the fourth process is to tap the punched and chamfered cutter and enter the next process after the thread is finished.

The fifth process is to transfer the cutter to the next process, numerical control grooving is carried out, the cutter base body is manually clamped to a numerical control dividing head, the center of the numerical control machine abuts against a pre-punched center hole to be positioned, the main shaft head of the numerical control machine tool rotates by a set angle to carry out coordinate alignment and then processing is carried out, the process has very high technical requirements on workers, the angle of rotation is required to be measured accurately manually, the cutter center thickness is cut accurately, and if the technology is not in place, the quality of a later-period cutter is directly influenced. After the process is finished, the next process is carried out.

And the sixth process is to carry out heat treatment on the cutter with the groove, and then enter the next process after the process is finished.

And the seventh process is that the cutter after being heated is ground into external taper, a technician installs the cutter on the external grinding machine through a center hole which is pre-punched by a hole to grind the external taper, and the next process is carried out after the process is finished.

The eighth process is to grind the blade of the cutter with the taper of the grinded cutter handle, the grinding of the blade is completed by using a special machine tool, a technician mounts the cutter on an excircle grinding machine through a center hole which is pre-drilled through a hole to grind the outer circumference cutter edge, the process has high technical requirements on the technician, the cutter is scrapped if the drilling operation fails, the blade with high requirements is divided into a first back angle and a second back angle of the blade, and the cutter needs to be replaced by a machine to be ground due to different grinding positions.

The ninth process is to grind the end tooth grinding cutting back angle of the ground blade cutter, namely the first cutting back angle, and the process has high technical requirements on technical workers, and the cutter is scrapped if the cutting operation is wrong.

The tenth process is to grind the end tooth before grinding, namely grind the chip pocket, of the ground blade tool, and the process has high technical requirements on technical workers, and the tool is scrapped if the operation error occurs.

The eleventh process is to grind the end teeth of the ground cutter into a first clearance angle cutter and then grind the clearance angle of the second edge of the cutter, and the process has high technical requirements on technical workers, and the cutter is scrapped if the operation is wrong. By combining the eleven processes, the cutter is formed, and some manufacturers may divide the processes into a plurality of processes, and the process flow sequencing is not fixed, but the processes are basically few. In such a multi-pass process, it is difficult to ensure that the angle error of each cutter is actually difficult, and higher requirements are also put on technical workers, which is not realized by ordinary persons without work experience.

The innovative technology provided by the invention is simple in process and high in processing precision, reduces manpower resources and further improves the productivity.

Two one-off milling solutions are proposed in the present application, the difference between them being whether the annealing process is used as the last step. Wherein, the first scheme is as follows:

specifically, the milling method in the present application includes:

punching the center of the cutter taper shank in the same lathe, after punching, carrying out numerical control tapping on the same lathe, and chamfering;

after all procedures of machining the cutter taper shank are finished, grooving the whole milling cutter by adopting a numerical control five-axis machining center, and machining the peripheral teeth, the peripheral tooth rear angles and the front angles at one time;

and carrying out vacuum heat treatment and then carrying out annealing treatment to form a finished workpiece.

In the scheme, since the annealing is used as the last step, in order to ensure that the influence on the milling cutter in the vacuum heat treatment process is reduced to the minimum, parameters in the vacuum heat treatment process need to be strictly adjusted.

Vacuum heat treatment is a novel treatment technology combining a vacuum technology and a heat treatment technology, the vacuum environment of the vacuum heat treatment is an atmosphere environment lower than one atmospheric pressure, all or part of the heat treatment technology is carried out in a vacuum state, all heat treatment technologies related to conventional heat treatment in the prior art can be realized at present, parameters of air pressure and temperature are adjusted according to different product materials, the change of 0 of the physical volume of the raw material before and after the vacuum treatment can be realized, and a processing effect which can almost achieve perfect heat treatment is realized.

In the scheme, the five-axis machining center and the disc type milling cutter device mentioned in the application are utilized, the whole cutter can be machined into a finished product at one time, and then the last procedure is realized by utilizing a vacuum heat treatment process.

In addition, the scheme of continuously fine grinding after heat treatment can also be adopted to carry out the fine turning processing of the outer circle of the taper shank of the cutter, so that the taper and the diameter are processed; the straight shank part is clamped through the machining center, grinding machining is carried out, and after the angle, the length and the center thickness are measured on the cutter through a three-dimensional online measuring probe of a numerical control five-axis machining center, the grinding machining is carried out, so that the production of the whole cutter is completed. In this case, the dimensions of the milling tool are slightly larger than the final dimensions for the machining before the vacuum heat treatment process, so that there is a space for the fine dimensions.

The five-axis machining center in the application can adopt a machining center in the prior art, and can also adopt a six-axis numerical control inner and outer circle composite grinding machine which is independently researched and developed by the department and has the application number of 2020102411649.

In the step of processing the peripheral teeth, the rear angles and the front angles of the peripheral teeth at one time, the peripheral teeth, the rear angles and the front angles are processed at one time after 3 types of disc-type milling cutters are additionally arranged and formed into disposable blades, and the grooves in the milling cutters are finely ground after the disc-type milling cutters are additionally arranged with grinding wheels.

The utility model provides a cutter chip groove production and processing technology in this application, original processing mode has been changed, original production mode is with the milling cutter of a fashioned various angles, go the fluting processing production through ordinary triaxial or four-axis numerically controlled fraise machine, it must be by a dividing head centre gripping handle of a knife to add man-hour, the rotatable milling process of the front end side of cutter sword position is withstood with a top again, machining efficiency is low, and can only process the straight flute and the helicla flute of cutter, the end tooth of cutter, the chip pocket still need divide several machines to process, and the utensil is processed because of cutter helix angle by manual measurement, every batch, the angle degree of depth all has the error, it is very big to have divided the multiple process to go to produce the accumulative error.

A better innovative process is provided in the application, a five-axis machining center is matched with five-axis cutter software, and all process procedures can be completely processed at one time by additionally arranging 3 types of disc-type milling cutters.

The disc milling cutter of 3 types of systems installs the disposable blade of shaping additional for the blade on the production course of working cutter dish can be changed at any time, and convenient and fast through thousands of realistic test and argumentations, adopts the disc milling cutter of shaping alloy blade, and the high-speed milling cutter body of processing, smooth finish is high, and the stress that produces is little, and the precision of graduation is high, and the uniformity is good, and to the later stage thermal treatment after, the blade retentivity is good.

After the high-speed steel cylindrical substrate is processed and formed at one time by the disc milling cutter with 3 shapes, a set of 3-shaped combined grinding wheel set tool handles are automatically replaced in a machine tool magazine by a five-axis processing center to carry out fine grinding on the cutting edge margin. All processes before the tool is not heat treated are completed.

The machined tool is taken out from an A-axis chuck of a five-axis numerical control machining center by a manipulator and placed in a set material disc, each finished tool is loaded in the material disc, the whole production process is collision-free, and the cutting edge is not damaged due to high hardness and puncture caused by no heat treatment.

The processed cutters are placed independently, are not stacked and are not stacked in the transferring process. The vacuum heat treatment is carried out in a vacuum furnace, each vacuum heat treatment is independently inserted, the deformation of metal is minimum, and the color and the appearance of the cutter are basically consistent with those of the cutter before the heat treatment in a special quenching mode.

And (3) carrying out cryogenic treatment after heat treatment, and carrying out cryogenic treatment in a cryogenic box at a temperature of-180 ℃ to-200 ℃ by using liquid nitrogen, so that the durability of the cutter is improved.

The invention has the technological innovation that the finished cutter can be produced more quickly, the previous technological processes can completely process all the technological processes on a five-axis numerical control machining center before the cutter body is not subjected to heat treatment according to the proposed method, the precision of the coaxial precision required by a user is 0.02-0.05MM, the production technology can directly put the cutter body into a vacuum furnace for heat treatment, the cutter body cannot be damaged or collided in the heat treatment process, the heat treatment is finished, and the method is the fastest and most cost-saving. But the tool is made before heat treatment, deformation occurs in a trace amount in the heat treatment process, the coaxiality of the tool shank is reduced, the cutting edge of the tool is sharp, and deformation occurs in a trace amount, the process production process is only suitable for users requiring the accuracy of the coaxiality accuracy of 0.02-0.05MM, is not suitable for higher accuracy requirements, has certain limitation, but improves the use cost performance for users with fine machining, is beneficial to the development of the whole industry, and saves useful resources for the whole human society.

In order to further demonstrate the practicability and reliability of the invention, thousands of experiments prove that the cutter production process and the produced cutter can be used in actual scenes, the produced cutter finished product has obvious difference in cutting edge color from the cutter which is subjected to heat treatment and then ground, the difference of the production process can be distinguished by naked eyes of people, and the protection of the cutter production process can be distinguished in the carrier of the cutter.

As a specific example, as shown in fig. 17, three milling cutter discs are mounted on a set of tool shanks, and the end of the tool shanks are BT or SHK series tool shanks coupled to the spindle interface.

During coarse grinding, a grooving plane milling cutter is adopted and mainly used for grooving of a cutter base body, 2 to more than one alloy forming milling cutter blade can be additionally arranged on a milling cutter head according to the size of the milling cutter head, a pit in the shape of the bottom of the milling cutter is machined on the milling cutter head and used for installing the milling cutter blade, the milling cutter blade is provided with an installation through hole in the middle and used for fixing the milling cutter head on a cutter, and after the milling cutter head is precisely matched and sleeved on an installation method of a cutter handle, the milling cutter head is locked and fixed through a gasket by a; after the program of the five-axis machining center executes the first process, the five-axis machining center enters the second process, a 35-degree milling cutter disc is used for machining a chip groove, the angle of a milling cutter blade for machining the chip groove is 55-degree cutter blades, pits with the shape of the bottom of the milling cutter are machined on the cutter disc and used for installing the milling cutter blade, the angle of the outer peripheral end of the milling cutter is 35 degrees, the milling cutter blade is provided with a mounting through hole in the middle and used for being fixed on the cutter disc through bolts, the milling cutter disc is locked and fixed through a gasket by a nut locking handle cap after being precisely matched and sleeved on a mounting method on a cutter handle, the milling cutter disc is generally arranged at the rear end of the cutter handle and mainly avoids interference of the milling cutter blade during working, the third process is used for machining a cutting edge clearance angle and an end tooth clearance angle, the bowl-shaped cutter disc with the angle of 20 degrees is used for milling the milling cutter blade with the angle of 55-degree, the angle is 20 degrees at the peripheral end surface of the milling cutter disc, the milling cutter blade is provided with a mounting through hole in the middle and is used for being fixed on the milling cutter disc through a bolt, the milling cutter disc is sleeved on the mounting method of the cutter handle in a precise matching mode and is locked and fixed through a gasket by a nut locking handle cap, and the milling cutter disc is generally arranged at the front end of the cutter handle.

During fine grinding, the three grinding wheels are arranged on a group of tool handles, and the tail ends of the tool handles are BT or SHK series tool handles connected with a main shaft interface. The slotting plane grinding wheel is installed on the milling cutter head, the slotting plane grinding wheel is mainly used for fine grinding once on a matrix slot of a cut tool, the smoothness of a cutter table machine is mainly increased, the capability of discharging scrap iron of the tool in the using process is increased, the service life of the tool is prolonged, the external dimension of the grinding wheel is basically consistent with that of the milling cutter head, in order to enable the grinding wheel to have better wear resistance, a diamond grinding wheel with CNB (carbon nitride) components can be selected, a single crystal grinding wheel with good sharpness can be selected, and the grinding wheel is locked and fixed by a nut locking handle cap through a gasket after being precisely matched and sleeved into a cutter handle shaft in the installation; after the program of the five-axis machining center finishes the first process, the five-axis machining center enters the second process, a grinding wheel with an angle of 35 degrees is used for machining a chip groove, the angle point of the grinding wheel for machining the chip groove is 55 degrees, the angle is 35 degrees at the peripheral end surface of the grinding wheel, the grinding wheel is sleeved on a cutter handle shaft in a precise matching mode in the installation method of the cutter handle, and then the cutter handle shaft is locked and fixed through a gasket by a nut locking handle cap, the grinding wheel is generally arranged at the rear end of the cutter handle and mainly avoids the interference of the grooving blade during working, the third process is to process the back angle of the cutting edge and the back angle of the end tooth, a bowl-shaped grinding wheel with an angle of 20 degrees is used, the angle of the used grinding wheel is 55 degrees, the angle is 20 degrees at the peripheral end surface of the milling cutter head, the grinding wheel is precisely matched and sleeved into the cutter handle shaft on the installation method of the cutter handle, the grinding wheel is locked and fixed by a nut locking handle cap through a gasket, and the grinding wheel is generally arranged at the front end of the handle. The main purpose of the grinding wheel set is to finely grind the cutter, the process flow is the same as that of milling processing and is repeated once, and the main purpose of the grinding wheel set is to improve the precision and the sharpness of the processed cutter.

Combining the milling cutter head, after the welding of the cutter base body is finished and the annealing is finished, machining is carried out on a numerical control composite lathe, after the rough turning taper of the cutter handle and the straight handle are finished at one time, center punching is carried out on the same lathe, after the punching is finished, numerical control tapping is carried out on the same lathe, the angle chamfering is finished, and the three processes are finished at one time. The machining efficiency is improved, the machining precision of the product is improved, and the accumulated error is reduced.

After all the procedures of the cutter handle are finished, the machining is carried out on a numerical control five-axis machining center, grooving, machining of the peripheral teeth, the peripheral tooth back angle and the front angle are carried out, and the machining is finished at one time.

And then carrying out heat treatment, and after the heat treatment, carrying out cylindrical finish turning on the tool shank, changing the original taper ground by the cylindrical grinder into lathe machining instead of grinding machining, and breaking through the technical bottleneck that the tool after the heat treatment can reach the hardness of 60 degrees and can not be subjected to batch turning rapid machining. After the taper and the diameter are finely machined, the straight shank part is clamped by a machining center for grinding, the angle, the length and the center thickness are measured on a cutter by a three-dimensional online measuring probe of a numerical control five-axis machining center, and then the grinding is carried out, so that the production process of the whole cutter is completed, most importantly, a cutter edge tip hole which is the core in the machining process is eliminated, so that the cutter has the function of undercutting, the tip hole is arranged in the front in the production process of the traditional cutter, so that the cutter cannot realize that one blade tooth reaches the center position of the circle center of the cutter in the production process, the position is occupied by the tip hole, and finally, the produced cutter can only be undercut from the side surface of a workpiece in the use process, and cannot realize the function of undercutting, but the invention changes the production process, and no tip is used in the rough machining and the fine machining, therefore, one edge can be reserved to the center, so that the drilling and milling integrated function of the cutter can be realized.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing embodiments, and various equivalent changes (such as number, shape, position, etc.) may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical spirit of the present invention, and all of these equivalent changes are covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A high speed steel milling cutter, wherein a cutter base of the milling cutter comprises a cutter land body at a front end and a cutter taper shank at a rear end; a blade vacancy avoiding position is arranged between the cutter blade zone body and the cutter taper shank;

a cutter body chip groove is arranged between the end parts of the adjacent cutting edges; a cutter chip groove is arranged between the adjacent body of the cutting edge, and the depth of the groove is 30-40% of the diameter of the cutting edge of the cutter;

the taper shank of the cutter is made into a shank part with Morse taper or BT series taper; the cutter taper shank is of a three-section structure and is divided into a front part, a middle part and a tail part; one third to one fourth of the rear end of the cutter taper shank is used as a tail part, one third to one fourth of the front end close to the blade part is used as a front part, the front part and the tail part are both tapered, the rest part in the middle of the cutter taper shank is used as a middle part, and the middle part is a straight shank cylinder; the front part and the tail part of the cutter taper shank adopt taper for matching with a taper access port of a machine tool using a taper interface, and the middle part adopts a straight shank cylinder for clamping in the batch production process or is arranged on a straight shank chuck of a numerical control machine tool;

an inner hole is formed in the tail part of the cutter taper shank; the inner hole is provided with internal threads and used for locking and fixing a cutter by a bolt or adding an automatically replaced blind rivet or directly applying the blind rivet on a numerical control machine tool and automatically replacing the cutter.

2. The high-speed steel milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the cutter land body and the cutter taper shank body are butt-welded by a hydraulic welder by high-frequency machine heating; the cutter blade area body is made of high-speed tool steel material; the cutter taper shank body is made of a carbon steel material 45# steel or a 40Cr material.

3. The high-speed steel milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the sharp corner of each blade is ground into an R-corner semicircle or into a right angle; the chip grooves of the cutter body are straight grooves and spiral grooves, wherein the spiral angle is 30-45 degrees.

4. The high speed steel milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the cutting edge has a double relief angle and the land has a non-serrated or serrated shape; when the blade zone adopts the sawtooth shape, the sawtooth of the adjacent blade is arranged in a staggered way.

5. A one-time milling method for a high-speed steel milling cutter, which is characterized in that the milling cutter of claims 1-4 is adopted;

the milling method comprises the following steps:

punching the center of a cutter taper shank in the same lathe, after punching, performing numerical control tapping on the same lathe, and chamfering an angle; after all procedures of machining the taper shank of the cutter are finished, slotting the whole milling cutter by adopting a numerical control five-axis machining center, and machining the peripheral teeth, the peripheral teeth rear angle, the front angle, the first rear angle of the cutting edge and the second rear angle at one time to finish the production process of the whole cutter;

and entering a vacuum heat treatment step, and carrying out annealing treatment after carrying out vacuum heat treatment on the machined milling cutter.

6. The single-pass milling method for the high-speed steel milling cutter according to claim 5, wherein after all the machining processes of the cutter taper shank, the whole milling cutter is grooved by using a numerical control five-axis machining center, and the peripheral teeth, the peripheral teeth back angle and the front angle are machined at one time by using a disposable blade formed by additionally installing a disc milling cutter comprising 3 types of shapes.

7. The high-speed steel milling cutter one-time milling method according to claim 6, wherein the disc milling cutter comprises three milling cutter discs and a group of cutter handles, the three milling cutter discs are arranged on the cutter handles, and the tail ends of the cutter handles are in BT or SHK series; the tool shank is used for being connected with the main shaft interface;

the milling cutter head comprises a front cutter head, a middle cutter head and a rear cutter head; the front cutter head is used for machining a first back angle and a second back angle of the end teeth, and a first back angle and a second back angle of the cutting edge; the middle cutter disc is used for machining a cutter body chip groove; the rear cutter head is used for machining a cutter body chip groove;

8. The one-time milling method of the high-speed steel milling cutter according to claim 7, wherein the milling cutter head adopts a slotting plane milling cutter for slotting the cutter base body, 2 to more than one alloy-formed milling cutter blades are additionally arranged on the milling cutter head according to the size of the milling cutter head, a pit with the shape of the bottom of the milling cutter is machined on the milling cutter head for installing the milling cutter blades, the milling cutter blades are provided with mounting through holes in the middle for fixing on the milling cutter head through bolts, and after the milling cutter head is sleeved on the mounting method on the cutter handle in a precise matching manner, the milling cutter head is locked and fixed through a gasket by a nut locking;

when the machining is carried out in the five-axis machining center,

a 35-degree milling cutter rear cutter head is used for machining a chip groove;

and machining a cutting edge back angle and an end tooth back angle by using a bowl-shaped milling cutter front cutter head with an angle of 20 degrees.

9. The one-time milling method for the high-speed steel milling cutter according to claim 8, wherein the milling method further comprises the steps of carrying out external finish turning on the cutter taper shank after the annealing treatment to machine the taper and the diameter,

10. The one-time milling method of the high-speed steel milling cutter according to claim 8, characterized in that the groove on the milling cutter is finely ground after a grinding wheel is added to the disc milling cutter;

the milling cutter head adopts a slotting grinding wheel and is used for fine grinding once on the slots of the matrix of the cut cutter; the grinding wheel is a diamond grinding wheel or a single crystal grinding wheel with CNB components; after the grinding wheel is sleeved into the tool shank shaft in a precise fit manner in the mounting method of the tool shank, the grinding wheel is locked and fixed by a nut locking handle cap through a gasket;

a grinding wheel rear cutter with an angle of 35 degrees is used for removing a fine machining chip groove;

and (4) finishing the back angle of the blade zone and the back angle of the end tooth by using a bowl-shaped grinding wheel front cutter head with an angle of 20 degrees.