CN111772761B

CN111772761B - Self-adaptive screw

Info

Publication number: CN111772761B
Application number: CN202010574903.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李严
Original assignee: Hebei Ruihe Medical Devices Co ltd
Current assignee: Hebei Ruihe Medical Devices Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-22
Filing date: 2020-06-22
Publication date: 2021-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-22
Also published as: CN111772761A

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive screw, and belongs to the field of medical instruments. An adaptive screw includes a body and a screw element. The spiral piece is around locating the periphery of main part and following the axial extension of main part, the head end with the main part rigid coupling, the tail end with the rotatable connection of main part, the tail end of spiral piece is used for following spiral piece helical direction's antiport, so that the centre of spiral piece expands. According to the self-adaptive screw, the main body is provided with the screw part which is inserted into a spongy bone or a medullary cavity of a bone, and the screw part is enabled to be pressed against the inner wall of the spongy bone or the medullary cavity through expansion of the screw part, so that the connection strength is increased, and the stability of an implant is improved.

Description

Self-adaptive screw

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive screw.

Background

In the orthopedic surgery, the implant is often fixed on the bone of a patient by using bone screws, the fixation firmness degree of the bone screws and the bone directly influences the stability of the implant, and the success of the surgery of the patient is seriously influenced.

The bone is composed of outer dense cortical bone and inner loose cancellous bone. A conventional bone screw is fixed to a bone through an external thread, and if a cortical bone layer of the bone is thick, the bone screw is easily and firmly screwed with a compact cortex. However, if the cortical bone layer of the bone is thin, the bone screws may penetrate the cortical bone layer, into the cancellous bone layer, and even into the medullary cavity. Since the cancellous bone is very loose and the medullary cavity cannot be screwed, the connection strength of the bone screw is reduced, and the stability of the implant is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a self-adaptive screw to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, a bone screw is not firmly connected with cancellous bone and a medullary cavity.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a technical solution that provides an adaptive screw, including:

a main body; and

the spiral piece is around locating the periphery of main part and following the axial extension of main part, the head end with the main part rigid coupling, the tail end with the rotatable connection of main part, the tail end of spiral piece is used for following spiral piece helical direction's antiport, so that the centre of spiral piece expands.

As another embodiment of the present application, a locking structure is provided between the tail end of the screw member and the main body.

As another embodiment of the application, the tail end of the screw element is provided with a threaded sleeve, and the threaded sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the main body and is in threaded connection with the main body.

As another embodiment of the present application, the thread direction of the thread sleeve is the same as the spiral direction of the screw element.

As another embodiment of the present application, the adaptive screw further includes a locking structure disposed between the threaded sleeve and the main body.

As another embodiment of the present application, the anti-loose structure includes a back nut sleeved on the main body and abutted against the thread bushing.

As another embodiment of the present application, the spiral is a member of memory material; and/or the helix is an elastic material member.

As another embodiment of the present application, the body is curved.

As another embodiment of the present application, the main body is a bendable member.

As another embodiment of the present application, the body is provided with a through hole along an axis.

In use, the self-adaptive screw of the embodiments of the present application may be inserted into bone, deep into the cancellous bone layer, or even the medullary cavity, using the body with the screw. The trailing end of the screw is then rotated to expand the screw, thereby causing the screw to compress against the inner wall of the cancellous or medullary cavity to form a secure connection.

The self-adaptive screw provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the self-adaptive screw provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the main body is provided with the screw part to be inserted into the cancellous bone or the medullary cavity of the bone, and the screw part is pressed against the inner wall of the cancellous bone or the medullary cavity through the expansion of the screw part, so that the connection strength is increased, and the stability of the implant is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a front view of an adaptive screw provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the adaptive screw of FIG. 1 after expansion in the middle of the screw element;

fig. 3 is a front view of an adaptive screw according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, in the figures, the respective reference numerals:

1-a body; 11-a through hole; 2-a screw element; 3-thread bushing; 4-back tightening the nut.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3, a self-adaptive screw according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. An adaptive screw, comprising: a body 1 and a screw 2. Spiral piece 2 is around the periphery of locating main part 1 and along the axial extension of main part 1, head end and main part 1 rigid coupling, the tail end is connected with main part 1 is rotatable, the tail end of spiral piece 2 is used for along 2 helical direction's of spiral piece antiport to make the middle inflation of spiral piece 2.

In use, the bone can be perforated in advance, and the main body 1 with the screw 2 can be inserted into the hole in the bone and deep into the cancellous bone layer and even the medullary cavity. The screw element 2 is then expanded by rotating the trailing end of the screw element 2, whereby the screw element 2 is pressed against the inner wall of the cancellous or medullary cavity to form a firm connection.

Compared with the prior art, the self-adaptive screw provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the main body 1 with the screw part 2 is inserted into a spongy bone or a medullary cavity of a bone, and the screw part 2 is pressed against the inner wall of the spongy bone or the medullary cavity through the expansion of the screw part 2, so that the connection strength is increased, and the stability of an implant is improved.

Of course, the use of the adaptive screw is not limited thereto in the specific implementation, and is only exemplified here. The adaptive screw of this embodiment is not only suitable for fixation with cancellous bone or a medullary cavity, but also suitable for fixation at other positions of bone, and in this example, fixation with cancellous bone or a medullary cavity is only exemplified.

In this embodiment, the main body 1 can support the screw element 2 and drive the screw element 2 to insert into the bone. 2 head ends of spiral spare and 1 rigid couplings of main part, the tail end is connected with 1 rotatable of main part, and when 2 helical direction's of spiral spare reversal rotation spiral spare 2 tail end was followed, 2 head ends of spiral spare rigid to make the intermediate diameter grow of spiral spare 2. When the screw member 2 is inserted into the bone, the screw member 2 is tightly wound around the outer circumference of the body 1, so that the diameter of the screw member 2 is small, and after the screw member 2 is inserted into the bone, the middle diameter of the screw member 2 is enlarged, so that the screw member 2 is pressed against the inner wall of the cancellous bone or the medullary cavity,

in specific implementation, the main body 1 can be made of medical metal or medical non-metal material. The body 1 may be an elongated cylindrical body, and a specific length may be determined according to the depth of insertion into the bone. The body 1 may be provided with a through hole 11 along the axis, and the body 1 may be guided to a predetermined position of the bone by a guide pin when in use. Of course, the main body 1 may be provided with no through-hole 11.

The spiral part 2 can be made of medical metal or medical non-metal materials, and specifically can be made of deformable medical alloy materials, so that the strength of the spiral part 2 is ensured. The head end of the screw 2 can be fixed with the head end of the main body 1 by welding, clamping and the like, and the tail end of the screw 2 can be rotatably connected with the tail end of the main body 1 by rotating sleeves, threaded sleeves 3 and the like which are sleeved on the periphery of the main body 1.

Illustratively, the body 1 is a cylindrical rod. The inseparable winding of screw 2 is in the periphery of main part 1, and the head end of

screw

2 and 1 head end welded fastening of main part, the tail end threaded connection of main part 1 has thread bush 3, and the tail end of screw 2 is connected with this thread bush 3.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, as an embodiment of the adaptive screw according to the present invention, a locking structure is disposed between the tail end of the screw element 2 and the main body 1.

In this embodiment, the tail end of the screw 2 is rotated in the opposite direction of the screw 2, so that after the middle of the screw 2 is expanded, the tail end of the screw 2 is locked with the main body 1 by the locking structure, the middle of the screw 2 is kept in an expanded state, and the screw 2 is stably connected with the inner wall of the cancellous bone or the medullary cavity.

In specific implementation, the locking structure can adopt a structure that a pin penetrates through the tail end of the screw part 2 and the main body 1 to lock the tail end of the screw part 2 and the main body 1, and the locking structure can also adopt other structures capable of preventing rotation to realize.

Illustratively, the tail end of the screw 2 is rotatably connected with the main body 1 through the threaded sleeve 3, and the locking structure may adopt a locking structure arranged between the threaded sleeve 3 and the main body 1 to lock the tail end of the screw 2 with the main body 1.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, as an embodiment of the adaptive screw according to the present invention, a threaded sleeve 3 is disposed at a tail end of the screw element 2, and the threaded sleeve 3 is sleeved on an outer circumference of the main body 1 and is in threaded connection with the main body 1.

In this embodiment, the threaded sleeve 3 can rotate along the reverse direction of the spiral part 2, so that the tail end of the spiral part 2 is driven to rotate, the structure is simple, and the operation is more convenient.

In a specific implementation, an external thread is arranged at the tail end of the main body 1 for installing the thread bushing 3. The thread sleeve 3 can be made of an existing nut or an internal thread machined in the rotating sleeve. The tail end of the screw element 2 is welded to the side wall of the nut. The thread direction of the thread sleeve 3 and the spiral direction of the screw element 2 can be the same or opposite.

Illustratively, a locking structure may be provided between the tail end of the screw member 2 and the body 1. The locking structure is arranged between the threaded sleeve 3 and the tail end of the main body 1. For example, the locking structure may be a pin passing through the threaded sleeve 3 and the rear end of the body 1.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, as an embodiment of the adaptive screw provided by the present invention, a thread direction of the thread sleeve 3 is the same as a thread direction of the screw element 2.

In this embodiment, when the screw cap 3 is rotated in the opposite direction to the screw direction of the screw element 2, the screw element 2 axially compresses the screw element 2, thereby promoting the expansion of the middle of the screw element 2.

In a specific implementation, an external thread is arranged at the tail end of the main body 1, and the rotation direction of the external thread is the same as the spiral direction of the spiral piece 2, so that the threaded sleeve 3 is installed. The threaded sleeve 3 can be a nut with the same thread direction as the spiral direction of the spiral element 2, or can be made by processing internal threads with the same thread direction as the spiral direction of the spiral element 2 in the rotary sleeve.

As a specific embodiment of the adaptive screw provided by the present invention, the adaptive screw further includes a locking structure disposed between the threaded sleeve 3 and the main body 1.

In this embodiment, the tail end of the screw 2 is rotated in the reverse direction of the screw 2, so that the middle of the screw 2 is expanded, the screw sleeve 3 is prevented from loosening by the anti-loosening structure, the tail end of the screw 2 is locked with the main body 1, the middle of the screw 2 is kept in an expansion state, and the screw 2 is stably connected with the inner wall of the cancellous bone or the medullary cavity.

In particular, the anti-loose structure may adopt various thread anti-loose structures arranged on the threaded sleeve 3 or the main body 1, such as anti-loose threads, cotter pins, back nuts 4, and the like.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, as an embodiment of the adaptive screw provided by the present invention, the anti-loose structure includes a back nut 4 sleeved on the main body 1 and abutting against the threaded sleeve 3.

In this embodiment, a back nut 4 is screwed into the main body 1 to press the thread bush 3, so as to prevent the thread bush 3 from loosening.

As a specific embodiment of the self-adaptive screw provided by the present invention, the screw element 2 is a memory material member; and/or the screw 2 is an elastic material member.

In this embodiment, the screw 2 is a memory material member, and the memory shape of the screw 2 at the periphery of the main body 1 may be set according to the shape of the medullary cavity or the distribution of cancellous bone (for example, the memory shape of the screw 2 is set to approximately coincide with the shape of the medullary cavity), and then the screw 2 is deformed and tightened at the periphery of the main body 1, and after the screw is inserted into the bone, the tail end of the screw 2 is rotated to expand the middle of the screw 2, recover the memory shape, and make the screw 2 more coincide with the inner wall of the medullary cavity or the cancellous bone, thereby increasing the fixing firmness.

The spiral part 2 is an elastic material component, and the original shape of the spiral part 2 at the periphery of the main body 1 can be set according to the shape of a marrow cavity or the distribution condition of cancellous bone, for example, the original shape of the spiral part 2 is set to be approximately matched with the shape of the marrow cavity, then the spiral part 2 is elastically deformed and tightened at the periphery of the main body 1, after the spiral part is inserted into a bone, the tail end of the spiral part 2 is rotated to expand the middle of the spiral part 2, the original shape of the spiral part 2 is restored by the elasticity of the spiral part 2, the spiral part 2 is enabled to be matched with the inner wall of the marrow cavity or the cancellous bone, and the fixing firmness is increased.

In particular, the screw element 2 may be made of deformable memory alloy, or may be made of other memory materials. The screw element 2 can also be made of an elastic material that is capable of a large deformation.

Referring to fig. 3, as an embodiment of the adaptive screw according to the present invention, the main body 1 is curved.

In this embodiment, the curved main body 1 can be more easily inserted into the curved marrow cavity, and is more convenient to use. Moreover, the curved main body 1 can avoid nerves and blood vessels on the bone and other parts of the bone which are not easy to damage.

Illustratively, the main body 1 is a curved rod, the screw 2 is wound around the outer circumference of the main body 1, and the screw 2 extends along the axis of the main body 1.

As a specific embodiment of the adaptive screw provided by the present invention, the main body 1 is a bendable member.

In this embodiment, when the main body 1 is inserted into the bone, the main body 1 can be bent to a certain extent after being extruded by the bone, so that the main body 1 can be inserted into the bone more easily, and the use is more convenient.

In a specific implementation, the main body 1 may be made of a medical alloy, and the main body 1 may be bent by controlling the diameter of the main body 1 or by locally thinning the main body 1. The main body 1 may also be made of a material having elasticity such that the main body 1 can be elastically bent and deformed. The original shape of the body 1 may be linear or curved.

Illustratively, the body 1 and the screw 2 may be a unitary structure of the same material. The screw 2 is wound around the outer circumference of the body 1 and extends in the axial direction of the body 1, and when the body 1 is bent, the screw 2 is bent together with the body 1.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, as an embodiment of the adaptive screw according to the present invention, a through hole 11 is formed along an axis of a main body 1.

When the self-adaptive screw is used, a hole can be formed in a bone, the guide pin penetrates into the hole, the main body 1 is sleeved on the guide pin through the through hole 11, and the main body 1 slides along the guide pin, so that the self-adaptive screw of the embodiment enters the hole along the guide pin.

In this embodiment, the main body 1 can be sleeved on the guide pin through the through hole 11, and the main body 1 is guided by the guide pin, so that the adaptive screw of this embodiment can be accurately inserted into a predetermined position in a bone. In particular, when the hole on the bone is bent, the self-adaptive screw of the embodiment is more convenient to use.

In a specific implementation, the shape of the body 1 may be linear or curved. The through hole 11 penetrates from the trailing end to the leading end of the body 1 along the axis of the body 1.

Illustratively, the body 1 may be a bendable member. The screw 2 is wound around the outer circumference of the body 1 and extends in the axial direction of the body 1, and when the body 1 is bent, the screw 2 is bent together with the body 1. When the main body 1 is sleeved on the guide pin through the through hole 11 and slides along the guide pin, the main body 1 can adapt to the shape of the hole on the bone through bending, so that the adaptive screw of the embodiment can be more easily inserted into the preset position in the bone.

The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Adaptive screw, characterized in that, includes:

a main body; and

the spiral piece is wound on the periphery of the main body and extends along the axial direction of the main body; the head end of the spiral piece is fixedly connected with the head end of the main body through welding or clamping, the tail end of the spiral piece is rotatably connected with the tail end of the main body through a rotating sleeve or a threaded sleeve, and the tail end of the spiral piece is used for rotating in the reverse direction of the spiral piece so as to expand the middle of the spiral piece;

when the self-adaptive screw is inserted into a bone, the spiral piece is tightly wound on the periphery of the main body, and after the self-adaptive screw is inserted into the bone, the middle diameter of the spiral piece is enlarged, so that the spiral piece is tightly pressed against the inner wall of the spongy bone or the medullary cavity.

2. The adaptive screw of claim 1, wherein a locking structure is provided between the trailing end of the screw element and the body.

3. The adaptive screw according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tail end of the screw member is provided with a threaded sleeve, and the threaded sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the main body and is in threaded connection with the main body.

4. The adaptive screw of claim 3, wherein the thread of the threaded sleeve is threaded in the same direction as the helical direction of the helical element.

5. The adaptive screw according to claim 3, further comprising a locking structure disposed between the threaded sleeve and the body.

6. The adaptive screw according to claim 5, wherein the anti-loosening structure comprises a back-nut sleeved on the body and abutting against the threaded sleeve.

7. The adaptive screw according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screw element is a memory material member; and/or the helix is an elastic material member.

8. The adaptive screw according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the body is curved.

9. The adaptive screw according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the body is a bendable member.

10. Adaptive screw according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the body is provided with a through hole along the axis.