CN111769237A - Functional diaphragm for lithium battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Functional diaphragm for lithium battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111769237A
CN111769237A CN202010706289.4A CN202010706289A CN111769237A CN 111769237 A CN111769237 A CN 111769237A CN 202010706289 A CN202010706289 A CN 202010706289A CN 111769237 A CN111769237 A CN 111769237A
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China
Prior art keywords
mixed solution
slurry
functional
pore
binder
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CN202010706289.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
袁海朝
徐锋
苏柳
苏碧海
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Hebei Gellec New Energy Material Science and Technoloy Co Ltd
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Hebei Gellec New Energy Material Science and Technoloy Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010706289.4A priority Critical patent/CN111769237A/en
Publication of CN111769237A publication Critical patent/CN111769237A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40Additives
    • C09D7/65Additives macromolecular
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional diaphragm for a lithium battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of mixing deionized water and a dispersing agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, adding a functional additive into the first mixed solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a second mixed solution, adding a ceramic material, a pore-forming agent and a binder into the second mixed solution, uniformly stirring, and sanding to obtain the slurry; on the other hand, the surface polarity of the diaphragm is improved, the liquid absorption rate of the diaphragm is improved, ion transmission is promoted, the ionic conductivity of the diaphragm is improved, and the multiplying power performance of the battery is improved.

Description

Functional diaphragm for lithium battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery diaphragms, and particularly relates to a functional diaphragm for a lithium battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Energy problems and environmental problems are two major challenges facing the development of the modern times. The nation develops more advanced energy storage and conversion devices while reducing the use of fossil fuels and improving energy structures, and the measures are important supports for ensuring national energy safety strategies. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of long cycle life, high energy efficiency, no memory effect and the like, and has wide application prospect in various electronic equipment and new energy automobile markets.
The diaphragm is one of important components of the lithium ion battery, and plays a key role in guaranteeing the safety of the battery while providing an ion transmission channel. The microporous film made of polyolefin material is a leading product in the current diaphragm market due to the characteristics of low production cost, excellent chemical and electrochemical stability, proper pore structure and the like. However, the polyolefin separator shows poor electrolyte wettability due to lack of polar and rigid groups in its molecular structure, and the liquid absorption rate of the conventional polyolefin separator: 50% -100%; the polyolefin separator also had severe heat shrinkage characteristics, 105 ℃ 1h heat shrinkage: 2% -15%, and the defects limit the exertion of the performance of the battery and influence the safety of the battery. At present, high-temperature-resistant ceramics are mainly adopted in the industry to coat a polyolefin base film to improve the heat shrinkage and the wettability, the liquid absorption rate of a ceramic coating diaphragm is mostly kept between 80 and 160 percent, and the heat shrinkage is carried out at 105 ℃ for 1 h: 1 to 10 percent. The performance of the separator is somewhat improved but the effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of serious thermal shrinkage of the diaphragm and poor electrolyte wettability, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of slurry, and the slurry is coated on a polyolefin film to prepare a functional diaphragm for a lithium battery.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a slurry obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing a functional separator for a lithium battery.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the above functional separator for a lithium battery.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method of preparing a slurry comprising the steps of:
1) mixing deionized water and a dispersing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, wherein the dispersing agent accounts for 2-10 wt% of the deionized water;
in the step 1), the dispersant is one or more of ammonium polyacrylate, trimethylammonium hydrochloric acid and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
2) Adding a functional additive into the first mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a second mixed solution, wherein the functional additive accounts for 5-20 wt% of the first mixed solution;
in the step 2), the functional additive is a phosphonitrile chloride polymer.
3) Adding a ceramic material, a pore-forming agent and a binder into the second mixed solution, uniformly stirring, and sanding to obtain the slurry, wherein the ratio of the ceramic material to the pore-forming agent to the binder is (10-65): (0.5-3): (1-10), wherein the mass sum of the ceramic material, the pore-forming agent and the binder is 3-20 wt% of the second mixed solution.
In the step 3), the ceramic material is alumina, boehmite, magnesium hydroxide, silica, or barium sulfate.
In the step 3), the pore-forming agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol.
In the step 3), the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or polyacrylate.
In the step 3), the sanding time is 10-50 min.
In the technical scheme, the time for uniformly stirring is 10-30 min.
The slurry obtained by the preparation method.
A method of preparing a functional separator for a lithium battery, comprising: and coating the slurry on two sides or one side of a polyolefin film, and drying to obtain the functional diaphragm for the lithium battery.
In the technical scheme, the thickness of the slurry is 1-8 microns, and the coating mode is roller coating.
In the technical scheme, the drying time is 40-90 ℃ and 10-40 s.
In the above technical scheme, the polyolefin film is a polyethylene film or a polypropylene film.
The functional separator for lithium battery obtained by the above method.
According to the invention, the functional layer is introduced into the surface of the polyolefin film, so that on one hand, the heat resistance of the polyolefin film is improved, and the safety of the lithium battery is improved; on the other hand, the surface polarity of the diaphragm is improved, the liquid absorption rate of the diaphragm is improved, ion transmission is promoted, the ionic conductivity of the diaphragm is improved, and the multiplying power performance of the battery is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining specific examples.
The mixers used in the following examples are double planetary power mixers, type: HY-DLH43L, manufacturer: guangzhou Hongyang mechanical science and technology Co Ltd
The sanding equipment used in the following examples was an all ceramic nano grinder, model: PT-5L, a Producer of Dongguan City Deno mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd
Example 1
A method of preparing a slurry comprising the steps of:
1) mixing deionized water and a dispersing agent, and stirring for 12min to be uniform to obtain a first mixed solution, wherein the dispersing agent accounts for 2 wt% of the deionized water; the dispersant is ammonium polyacrylate.
2) And adding a functional additive into the first mixed solution, and stirring for 15min to be uniform to obtain a second mixed solution, wherein the functional additive is 6 wt% of the first mixed solution, and the functional additive is a phosphonitrile chloride polymer. The functional additive can improve the high temperature resistance of the diaphragm, improve the polarity of the diaphragm and improve the liquid absorption rate, and meanwhile, nitrogen groups contained in the phosphonitrile chloride polymer have a desolvation effect on lithium ions, so that the lithium ion transmission can be promoted and the ionic conductivity of the diaphragm can be improved.
3) Adding a ceramic material, a pore-forming agent and a binder into the second mixed solution, stirring for 200min to be uniform, and sanding for 20min to obtain slurry, wherein the ratio of the ceramic material to the pore-forming agent to the binder is 10: 0.7: and 1, the mass sum of the ceramic material, the pore-forming agent and the binder is 5 wt% of the second mixed solution, the ceramic material is alumina, the pore-forming agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
A method of preparing a functional separator for a lithium battery, comprising: coating the slurry on one side of a polyolefin film in a roll coating manner, and drying at 50 ℃ for 15s to obtain the functional diaphragm for the lithium battery, wherein the thickness of the coating slurry is 2 microns, and the polyolefin film is a polyethylene film.
The functional separator for a lithium battery obtained in example 1 had a decomposition voltage of 4.7V, a heat shrinkage at 130 ℃ for 1 hour of 0.9%, a liquid absorption rate of 220%, and an ionic conductivity of 1.4 × 10-3s/cm-1. The lithium iron phosphate is used as a positive electrode, graphite is used as a negative electrode, a lithium hexafluorophosphate solution with the solute concentration of 1mol/L is used as an electrolyte to assemble the battery, the capacity retention rate is 98% after the battery is cycled for 100 circles under the multiplying power of 0.5C, and the average coulombic efficiency is 99.43% after the battery is cycled for 20 circles.
Example 2
A method of preparing a slurry comprising the steps of:
1) mixing deionized water and a dispersing agent, and stirring for 12min to be uniform to obtain a first mixed solution, wherein the dispersing agent accounts for 5 wt% of the deionized water; the dispersant is trimethyl ammonium hydrochloric acid.
2) And adding a functional additive into the first mixed solution, and stirring for 20min to be uniform to obtain a second mixed solution, wherein the functional additive accounts for 10 wt% of the first mixed solution, and the functional additive is a phosphonitrile chloride polymer.
3) Adding a ceramic material, a pore-forming agent and a binder into the second mixed solution, stirring for 30min to be uniform, and sanding for 20min to obtain slurry, wherein the ratio of the ceramic material to the pore-forming agent to the binder is 33: 1: and 4, the mass sum of the ceramic material, the pore-forming agent and the binder is 10 wt% of the second mixed solution, the ceramic material is boehmite, the pore-forming agent is polyethylene glycol, and the binder is polymethyl acrylate.
A method of preparing a functional separator for a lithium battery, comprising: coating the slurry on one side of a polyolefin film in a roll coating manner, and drying at 60 ℃ for 10s to obtain the functional diaphragm for the lithium battery, wherein the thickness of the coating slurry is 3 microns, and the polyolefin film is a polyethylene film.
The functional separator for a lithium battery obtained in example 2 had a decomposition voltage of 4.7V, a heat shrinkage of 0.6% at 130 ℃ for 1 hour, a liquid absorption rate of 250%, and an ionic conductivity of 1.5 × 10-3s/cm-1. The lithium iron phosphate is used as a positive electrode, graphite is used as a negative electrode, a lithium hexafluorophosphate solution with the solute concentration of 1mol/L is used as an electrolyte to assemble the battery, the capacity retention rate is 99% after the battery is cycled for 100 circles under the multiplying power of 0.5C, and the average coulombic efficiency is 98.48% after the battery is cycled for 20 circles.
Example 3
A method of preparing a slurry comprising the steps of:
1) mixing deionized water and a dispersing agent, and stirring for 16min to be uniform to obtain a first mixed solution, wherein the dispersing agent accounts for 7 wt% of the deionized water; the dispersant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
2) And adding a functional additive into the first mixed solution, and stirring for 30min to be uniform to obtain a second mixed solution, wherein the functional additive is 16 wt% of the first mixed solution, and the functional additive is a phosphonitrile chloride polymer.
3) Adding a ceramic material, a pore-forming agent and a binder into the second mixed solution, stirring for 30min to be uniform, and sanding for 40min to obtain slurry, wherein the ratio of the ceramic material to the pore-forming agent to the binder is 50: 2: and 7, the mass sum of the ceramic material, the pore-forming agent and the binder is 18 wt% of the second mixed solution, the ceramic material is barium sulfate, the pore-forming agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the binder is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
A method of preparing a functional separator for a lithium battery, comprising: coating the slurry on two sides of a polyolefin film in a roll coating manner, and drying at 50 ℃ for 15s to obtain the functional diaphragm for the lithium battery, wherein the thickness of the coating slurry on each side is 2 microns, and the polyolefin film is a polypropylene film.
The functional separator for a lithium battery obtained in example 3 had a decomposition voltage of 4.7V, a heat shrinkage at 130 ℃ for 1 hour of 0.4%, a liquid absorption rate of 300%, and an ionic conductivity of 1.6 × 10-3s/cm-1. The lithium iron phosphate is used as a positive electrode, graphite is used as a negative electrode, a lithium hexafluorophosphate solution with the solute concentration of 1mol/L is used as an electrolyte to assemble the battery, the capacity retention rate is 99% after the battery is cycled for 100 circles under the multiplying power of 0.5C, and the average coulombic efficiency is 99.57% after the battery is cycled for 20 circles.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing slurry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing deionized water and a dispersing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, wherein the dispersing agent accounts for 2-10 wt% of the deionized water;
2) adding a functional additive into the first mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a second mixed solution, wherein the functional additive accounts for 5-20 wt% of the first mixed solution;
3) adding a ceramic material, a pore-forming agent and a binder into the second mixed solution, uniformly stirring, and sanding to obtain the slurry, wherein the ratio of the ceramic material to the pore-forming agent to the binder is (10-65): (0.5-3): (1-10), wherein the mass sum of the ceramic material, the pore-forming agent and the binder is 3-20 wt% of the second mixed solution.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the dispersant is one or more of ammonium polyacrylate, trimethylammonium hydrochloride and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the functional additive is a phosphonitrile chloride polymer.
4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the ceramic material is alumina, boehmite, magnesium hydroxide, silica or barium sulfate; the pore-forming agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol; the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylate, and the sanding time is 10-50 min.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the time for stirring is 10 to 30 min.
6. A slurry obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A method of preparing a functional separator for a lithium battery, comprising: coating the slurry of claim 6 on both sides or one side of a polyolefin film, and drying to obtain the functional separator for a lithium battery.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the slurry is applied in a thickness of 1-8 μm by roll coating, and the drying time is 40-90 ℃ and 10-40 s.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the polyolefin film is a polyethylene film or a polypropylene film.
10. A functional separator for a lithium battery obtained by the method according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
CN202010706289.4A 2020-07-21 2020-07-21 Functional diaphragm for lithium battery and preparation method thereof Pending CN111769237A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112490580A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-03-12 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 High-temperature-resistant diaphragm for lithium battery and preparation method thereof
CN112490583A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-12 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 Polyethylene diaphragm with high diaphragm breaking temperature and preparation method and application thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1499658A (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-26 1 Anti-explosion membrane for lithium ion secondary cell
CN103613366A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-03-05 山东神工海特电子科技有限公司 Ceramic membrane slurry for lithium battery and method for preparing pole pieces coated with same
US20170263977A1 (en) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-14 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Secondary battery
CN107275550A (en) * 2017-06-20 2017-10-20 深圳市星源材质科技股份有限公司 A kind of ceramics and polymer composite coated lithium-ion membrane and preparation method thereof
CN108630863A (en) * 2017-03-21 2018-10-09 旭成(福建)科技股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of high porosity ceramic diaphragm

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1499658A (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-26 1 Anti-explosion membrane for lithium ion secondary cell
CN103613366A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-03-05 山东神工海特电子科技有限公司 Ceramic membrane slurry for lithium battery and method for preparing pole pieces coated with same
US20170263977A1 (en) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-14 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Secondary battery
CN108630863A (en) * 2017-03-21 2018-10-09 旭成(福建)科技股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of high porosity ceramic diaphragm
CN107275550A (en) * 2017-06-20 2017-10-20 深圳市星源材质科技股份有限公司 A kind of ceramics and polymer composite coated lithium-ion membrane and preparation method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112490580A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-03-12 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 High-temperature-resistant diaphragm for lithium battery and preparation method thereof
CN112490583A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-12 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 Polyethylene diaphragm with high diaphragm breaking temperature and preparation method and application thereof

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