CN111766202B - Multi-test-piece bonding joint tension-compression fatigue test device considering temperature influence - Google Patents
Multi-test-piece bonding joint tension-compression fatigue test device considering temperature influence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-test-piece bonding joint tension-compression fatigue test device considering temperature influence, which consists of an environment box device, a power input device, an upper pressing device, a bonding joint, a test-piece support cross shaft device, a lower pressing device, a movable limiting device and a fixed limiting device, wherein tension-compression alternating load in a full service temperature range can be applied to a plurality of bonding joints simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bonded joint fatigue performance testing, in particular to a multi-test-piece bonded joint tension-compression fatigue testing device considering temperature influence.
Background
The automobile can be subjected to dynamic alternating load from multiple aspects in the driving process, so that the automobile body bonding structure is easy to generate fatigue failure in the long-term service process, and the safety of the automobile is seriously influenced. Meanwhile, in the actual running process of the vehicle, the bonding structure of the vehicle body is often influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, salt mist and ultraviolet rays, and different environmental factors have great influence on the performance of the bonding joint. Considering that the effects of humidity, salt mist and ultraviolet rays can be effectively reduced by means of sealants, coatings and the like, temperature becomes the most important factor affecting the performance of the adhesive structure. In the composite material bonding joint, the adhesive and the composite material substrate are both made of high molecular materials, have temperature sensitivity, and change the static and dynamic properties at different temperatures, particularly when the temperature is close to the glass transition temperature T of the materialgThe change is more obvious. Therefore, the fatigue performance of the bonded joint in the service temperature interval of the vehicle is tested to be of great significance.
When the stress of the adhesive is acted in the research of the actual structure, the stress of the adhesive of the actual structure can only be simulated through the adhesive joint because the stress analysis of the whole adhesive structure can not be carried out in the actual experiment. The main defects and shortcomings of the existing bonding joint fatigue test device are as follows: the existing fatigue loading device can only apply loads in a shearing direction and a stretching direction to the bonded joint, and can not enable the bonded joint to bear pressure, so that the existing fatigue loading device can only apply cyclic loads with r being more than 0; the existing fatigue device is sensitive to non-axial load, and a test piece is easy to bear the non-axial load; when the existing fatigue device carries out fatigue operation on a test piece during loading, the test piece is easy to shake due to expansion and contraction, and the service life of the loading device is greatly influenced; the existing fatigue loading device and the testing method mainly aim at the normal temperature condition, and the influence of the temperature is not fully considered; the existing fatigue loading device can only load a single test piece generally; the existing fatigue loading device can only load a single test piece, so that the efficiency is low; the existing fatigue performance testing method cannot realize the fatigue life prediction under any stress amplitude within a certain temperature range under any cycle characteristic.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops a multi-test-piece bonding joint tension-compression fatigue test device considering temperature influence, and aims to eliminate non-axial load and apply alternating tension-compression load to a plurality of test pieces at different temperatures, so that the fatigue performance test efficiency of the bonding joint is effectively improved.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a consider that temperature influences many test pieces bonded joint draws pressure fatigue test device, includes:
an environmental chamber;
the oil cylinder is detachably arranged at the upper part of the environment box and is provided with a power output end;
one end of the telescopic rod is connected with the power output end and vertically penetrates through the upper side face of the environment box;
one side of the U-shaped part is detachably connected with the other end of the telescopic rod;
the primary balance beam is detachably arranged at the opening of the U-shaped part;
the limiting piece is connected with the other side of the limiting piece, and the bottom of the limiting piece is arranged at an interval with the lower side surface of the environment box;
a plurality of first upper pressing blocks detachably mounted on an inner upper surface of the environmental chamber;
the second upper pressing blocks are detachably arranged on the upper surface of the interior of the environment box and are respectively and symmetrically arranged with the first upper pressing blocks at intervals;
a plurality of upper test piece support devices, one end of each of which is detachably arranged between the corresponding first upper pressing block and the corresponding second upper pressing block;
a plurality of first lower compact blocks;
the second lower pressing blocks and the first lower pressing blocks are respectively arranged in a spaced and symmetrical mode;
the two ends of the secondary balance beams are provided with first bulges which are symmetrically arranged at intervals and are provided with through holes; the first bulge is used for correspondingly mounting the first lower pressing block and the second lower pressing block in a matching manner, and the through hole is used for enabling the primary balance beam to penetrate in a matching manner;
a plurality of lower specimen holder devices, one end of which is detachably mounted between the first lower pressing block and the second lower pressing block;
the plurality of limiters are detachably and fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the interior of the environment box and used for limiting the limiting pieces;
and a test piece bonding joint is arranged between the other end of the upper test piece support device and the other end of the lower test piece support device.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the oil cylinder supporting plate is used for supporting the oil cylinder;
the environment box upper supporting plate is detachably arranged on the outer upper surface of the environment box and is detachably connected with the oil cylinder supporting plate through a threaded rod;
an environment box lower supporting plate detachably mounted on the inner upper surface of the environment box;
one end of the telescopic rod is connected with the power output end of the oil cylinder, and the other end of the telescopic rod penetrates through the upper supporting plate of the environment box, the upper side face of the environment box and the lower supporting plate of the environment box in sequence.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the first upper pressing fixed blocks are detachably mounted with the environment box lower supporting plate;
the second upper pressing fixed blocks are detachably mounted with the lower support plate of the environmental box and are respectively and symmetrically arranged with the first upper pressing fixed blocks at intervals;
the first upper pressing blocks are correspondingly arranged on the first upper pressing fixed blocks respectively, and the first upper pressing blocks are correspondingly arranged on the first upper pressing fixed blocks respectively.
Preferably, the upper specimen mount device and the lower specimen mount device each include:
one end of the test piece support is provided with second bulges which are symmetrically arranged at intervals;
the flat-head pin shaft is arranged between the second bulges and is used for mounting the test piece bonding joint;
the cross shaft is fixedly connected with the other end of the test piece support, and cylinders are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the cross shaft;
the connecting part of the first upper pressing fixed block and the first upper pressing block is provided with a first cylindrical through hole, the connecting part of the second upper pressing fixed block and the second upper pressing block is provided with a second cylindrical through hole, and a cylinder of the upper test piece support device can be correspondingly installed in the first cylindrical through hole and the second cylindrical through hole in a matched manner; and
the joint of the first bulge and the first lower pressing block is provided with a third cylindrical through hole, the joint of the first bulge and the second lower pressing block is provided with a fourth cylindrical through hole, and a cylinder of the lower test piece support device can be correspondingly matched and installed in the third cylindrical through hole and the fourth cylindrical through hole.
Preferably, the stopper includes a movable stopper and a fixed stopper:
the activity stopper includes:
the movable limiter support is fixedly and detachably arranged on the inner lower surface of the environment box and comprises a first part and a second part which are integrally connected, and the first part and the second part are vertically arranged;
a rocker arm having one end fixedly and detachably mounted on the first portion;
one end of the spring is fixedly connected to the second part, and the other end of the spring is abutted to the rocker arm;
the movable limiter bearing is fixedly connected with the rocker arm through a short pin; and
the fixed stopper includes:
the fixed limiter support is fixedly and detachably arranged on the inner lower surface of the environment box and is arranged opposite to the movable limiter support at intervals;
the fixed limit bearing is fixedly connected with the fixed limit device support through a short pin;
the lower end of the limiting part is arranged between the movable limiter bearing and the fixed limiter bearing.
Preferably, the primary balance beam and the secondary balance beam are arranged in an interference fit mode through a through hole.
Preferably, the first upper pressing fixing block and the second upper pressing fixing block are detachably mounted on the environmental chamber lower supporting plate through bolts.
Preferably, the first upper pressing block is detachably mounted with the first upper pressing fixing block through a bolt; and
the second upper pressing block is detachably mounted with the second upper pressing fixing block through a bolt.
Preferably, the distance between the limiting member and the inner lower surface of the environment box is not less than 200 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. on the basis that the conventional fatigue test device can only bear tensile load, the bonding joint is tightly pressed on the cross shaft device of the test piece support, so that the problem of instability generated when the test piece bears compressive load is solved, the fatigue test device can carry out tension-compression cyclic loading on the bonding joint, and an S-N curve under any cyclic characteristic can be obtained;
2. the test piece support and the cross shaft, the upper pressing device and the lower pressing device are in movable fit, cylindrical axes at two ends of the cross shaft are mutually perpendicular to an axis where a cross shaft pin hole is located and are in the same plane, so that a space hinge structure is formed, the test piece support can deflect +/-5 degrees around the cross shaft pin hole, the cross shaft can deflect +/-5 degrees around cylindrical axes at two ends of the cross shaft, a cross-like universal joint structure is formed, and on the premise that the cross shaft and the test piece support are rotatable within a certain angle, gaps and load impact are reduced; on the basis of the conventional fatigue device, the problem that the reliability of a fatigue test result is influenced because the adhesive joint bears non-axial load due to assembly errors is solved;
3. on the basis of the conventional fatigue device, in order to overcome the shaking generated when the telescopic rod works, the anti-sidesway stability control structure is formed by the fixed limiter device and the movable limiter device; the bottom of the environment box is provided with a movable limiting device and a fixed limiting device which play a role in guiding the telescopic rod, so that the device can perform a fatigue test more stably;
4. the invention provides an environment box auxiliary device for a bonding joint fatigue test considering temperature influence on the basis of a conventional fatigue device, which can heat or refrigerate a bonding joint on line to enable the temperature of a test piece to reach a set temperature, and maintain the set temperature to carry out the fatigue test through a fatigue testing machine, thereby realizing the prediction of the fatigue performance of the bonding joint at any temperature;
5. on the basis that the conventional fatigue device can only load a single test piece, the difficulty that alternating tension and compression loads are applied to a plurality of bonding joints simultaneously is further solved, the load borne by each test piece is equal, 4 bonding joints are arranged in each group of tests, the equipment cost is reduced, the energy-saving effect is achieved, the test efficiency is improved, and the reliability of test data is ensured;
6. the control system of the invention can provide a basic test cycle waveform function, and can also set a specific load spectrum and cycle times of alternating load cycle for the power device by a user according to test requirements, thereby reflecting the actual working environment of the structure more truly, obtaining an S-N curve under any cycle characteristic, and leading the fatigue test result of the bonding joint to be more in line with the fatigue condition of the actual bonding structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-test-piece bonded joint tension-compression fatigue test device considering temperature influence.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an environmental chamber apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a power input apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an upper pressing device according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a bonded joint according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cross-shaft device for a specimen holder according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a lower compression device according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a movable stopper device according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a fixed stop device according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for testing a T-S-N fatigue performance curved surface of a bonded joint in a full service temperature interval according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of the lifting method test of the sample according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a T-S-N fatigue performance surface of a bonded joint according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic size view of a butt-bonded joint according to the present invention.
Figure 14 is a schematic view of a butt joint clamp according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
The invention provides a tension-compression fatigue test device for a multi-test-piece bonding joint considering temperature influence, aiming at the defects in the prior art, and aiming at more conveniently simulating the stress of an adhesive with an actual structure, the invention needs to design a fatigue test device which can simultaneously apply tension-compression alternating load in a full service temperature range to a plurality of bonding joints.
As shown in FIG. 1, the multi-test-piece bonding joint tension-compression fatigue test device main body considering temperature influence consists of an environment box device, a power input device, an upper pressing device, a bonding joint, a test piece support cross shaft device, a lower pressing device, a movable limiter device and a fixed limiter device; the specific parts comprise:
as shown in fig. 2, the environmental chamber apparatus includes: an oil cylinder 7 is detachably arranged above the environment box 5, the oil cylinder 7 is provided with a power output end, the power output end is connected with one end of a telescopic rod, the distance between an oil cylinder supporting plate 2 and an upper supporting plate 4 of the environment box can be adjusted through a threaded rod 3, and the threaded rod 3 and the upper supporting plate 4 are connected through a nut 1;
as shown in fig. 3, the power input device includes: the detachable sensor 8 is installed on an expansion link 9, an environment box lower supporting plate 6 is fixedly installed on a top plate inside an environment box 5, one end of the expansion link 9 is connected with a power output end of an oil cylinder 7, gaps are reserved among the expansion link 9, an environment box upper supporting plate 4, the environment box 5 and the environment box lower supporting plate 6, a U-shaped part 10 is connected with the other end of the expansion link 9 through threads, a first-stage balance beam 12 is connected with the U-shaped part 10 through a balance beam pin shaft 11, a T-shaped limiting part 14 is connected with the U-shaped part 10 through a screw 13, a control box 15 is fixed outside the environment box and is connected with the control box 15 and the oil cylinder 7 through a control line 16;
as shown in fig. 4, the upper pressing device includes: the upper ends of the upper pressing fixed blocks 19 are connected with the lower supporting plate 6 of the environmental box, and the upper ends of the upper pressing blocks 21 are connected with the lower ends of the upper pressing fixed blocks 19 in a pressing manner through screws; the upper pressing devices are 8, the bolts 18 are used for pressing the upper pressing fixed block 19 on the lower supporting plate 6 of the environmental chamber through the nuts 17, the cross shaft 29 is connected with the upper pressing fixed block 19 and the upper pressing block 21 through the bearing 20, and finally the upper pressing block 21 is pressed on the upper pressing fixed block 19 through the screws 22;
as shown in fig. 5, the adhesive joint includes: the upper ends of the upper test piece aluminum bars 23 are tightly pressed on the (upper) test piece support cross shaft device through flat head pin shafts 27 and inner hexagon bolts, the lower ends of the lower test piece aluminum bars 25 are tightly pressed on the (lower) test piece support cross shaft device through the flat head pin shafts 27 and the inner hexagon bolts, and the upper test piece aluminum bars 23 and the lower test piece aluminum bars 25 are bonded together through glue layers 24; wherein, there are 4 adhesive joints;
as shown in fig. 6, the (up/down) specimen holder cross-shaft device includes: the plurality of cross shafts 29 are matched with the plurality of upper pressing devices through bearings through the bearings and then pressed by screws, and the plurality of test piece supports 28 are connected with the cross shafts 29 through pin shafts and the bearings; the test piece support is provided with 8 cross shaft devices, flat head pins 27 are tightly pressed through inner hexagon bolts 26, and pins 31 are connected with cross shafts 29 through bearings 30;
as shown in fig. 7, the lower pressing device includes: the cross shaft devices of the lower test piece supports are matched with the lower pressing device through bearings, the lower pressing blocks 33 are connected to the secondary balance beam 34 through bolts, the cross shaft 29, the lower pressing blocks 33 and the secondary balance beam 34 are connected through bearings 36, and the lower pressing blocks 33 and the secondary balance beam 34 are pressed tightly through bolts 32 and nuts 35; wherein, there are 4 lower pressing devices;
as shown in fig. 8, the movable stopper device includes: two movable limiter bearings 37 in the movable limiter are in contact with the other two surfaces of the T-shaped limiting part 14, wherein the movable limiter bearings 37 can rotate around a short pin 44, the reset of a rocker arm 42 can be realized through a spring 39 so as to limit the shaking of the telescopic rod 9 during the operation, a movable limiter base 38 is fixed on the environment box 5 through a screw 45, gaskets 40 are pressed at two ends of the short pin 41, and gaskets 43 are pressed at two ends of the short pin 44; wherein, there are 2 movable limiters;
as shown in fig. 9, the fixing stopper device includes: two fixed stopper bearings 46 in the fixed stopper are in contact with two surfaces of the T-shaped limiting part 14, a fixed stopper base 49 is fixed on the environment box 5 through a screw 50, a short pin 47 is used for connecting the fixed stopper bearings 46 and the fixed stopper base 49, and gaskets 47 are pressed at two ends of the short pin 48; wherein, fixed stopper device has 2.
The multi-test-piece bonded joint tensile-compressive fatigue test device considering the temperature influence in the invention is further specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Firstly, an oil cylinder 7, a sensor 8, an expansion link 9, a control box 15 and a control line 16 in a power input device are installed on an environment box device, then a U-shaped part 10 is installed on the expansion link 9 through threaded connection, a first-stage balance beam 12 is connected with the U-shaped part 10 through a balance beam pin shaft 11, a T-shaped limiting part 14 is connected with the U-shaped part 10 through a screw 13, 8 upper pressing devices are fixed on the environment box device through bolts 18, then 4 test piece support cross shaft devices are respectively connected to the 8 upper pressing devices through bearings 30 and cylindrical surfaces at two ends of a cross shaft 29 in a matched manner, 2 lower pressing devices are connected with cylindrical surfaces at two ends of the first-stage balance beam 12 through cylindrical holes of a second-stage balance beam 34 in an interference fit manner, then the 4 support cross shaft devices are respectively connected to the lower pressing devices through bearings 30 and cylindrical surfaces at two ends of the cross shaft 29 in a matched manner, and finally the 4 bonding joints are connected with the 8 test piece upper and lower support cross shaft devices through 8 flat head pin shafts 27, the bonding joint is in compression fit with the upper and lower test piece support cross shaft devices through 16 socket head cap screws 26, and finally, the two movable limiting device devices and the two fixed limiting device devices are fixed at the bottom of the environment box 5 through 4 screws 45 and 4 screws 50.
In another embodiment, to place the bonded joint under compressive loading, the bonded joint is pressed against the specimen holder cross member assembly by means of a flat head pin 27.
In another embodiment, the upper end of the adhesive joint adopts an (upper) universal joint-like structure consisting of an (upper) test piece support cross shaft device and an upper pressing device, and the lower end of the adhesive joint adopts a (lower) universal joint-like structure consisting of a (lower) test piece support cross shaft device and a lower pressing device.
In another embodiment, the fixed limiter device and the movable limiter device form a side-sway prevention stable control structure.
In another embodiment, tensile and compressive loads may be applied to multiple bonded joints simultaneously.
In another embodiment, in a cross-like universal joint structure, the cylindrical axes of the two ends of the cross shaft 29 and the pin holes of the cross shaft 29 are perpendicular to each other and in the same plane, so that a space hinge structure is formed, wherein the test piece support 28 can deflect +/-5 degrees around the pin holes of the cross shaft, the cross shaft 29 can deflect +/-5 degrees around the cylindrical axes of the two ends of the cross shaft, and the bonded joint is prevented from bearing non-axial load due to assembly errors.
In another embodiment, in the upper pressing device, the upper ends of a plurality of upper pressing fixed blocks 19 are connected with the lower supporting plate 6 of the environmental chamber through bolts 18, and then the upper ends of a plurality of upper pressing blocks 21 are connected with the lower ends of the upper pressing fixed blocks 19 through screws 22.
In another embodiment, in the power input device, pin holes are arranged at the front side and the rear side of the primary balance beam 12, the primary balance beam 12 and a U-shaped part 10 are hinged through a balance beam pin shaft 11, the U-shaped part 10 is in threaded connection with the oil cylinder telescopic rod 9, and 3 inner surfaces of the U-shaped part 10 are in contact with three outer surfaces of the primary balance beam 12 to prevent the primary balance beam 12 from overturning around an axis.
In another embodiment, in the anti-sway stabilization control structure, there are gaps between the telescopic rod 9 and the environmental box 5, between the upper supporting plate 4 of the environmental box and the lower supporting plate 6 of the environmental box, in order to prevent the telescopic rod 9 from swaying, 2 movable stoppers and 2 fixed stoppers are installed at the bottom of the environmental box, and 4 bearings are used to limit the movement of four sides of the T-shaped limiting part 14 and the swaying of the telescopic rod 9 as a guide structure.
In another embodiment, in the lower compression structure, the secondary balance beam 34 and the primary balance beam 12 are in an interference fit, and the input load is equally distributed to 4 bonding joints through the secondary balance beam 34.
In another embodiment, the adhesive joint is composed of an upper aluminum bar 23, a lower aluminum bar 25 and glue 24, and one end of each of the upper and lower aluminum alloy bars is provided with a pin hole.
In another embodiment, the bore of cross 29 has a draft angle of 5.
In another embodiment, the distance between the lower end of the T-shaped stop 14 and the bottom plate of the environmental chamber is at least 200 mm.
As shown in fig. 10, the method for testing the T-S-N fatigue performance curved surface of the bonded joint of the multi-test-piece bonded joint tensile-compressive fatigue test device considering the temperature influence in the full-service temperature interval provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting an adhesive and an aluminum base material to manufacture an adhesive joint;
step two, measuring the quasi-static failure strength K of the adhesive joint at different temperaturesTSelecting the service temperature range of the vehicle body (-40-100 ℃), and referring to the vitrification conversion temperature T of the adhesivegEvenly dividing a temperature interval into t equal parts, and taking t +1 temperature points as typical temperature points;
step three, performing curve fitting according to the test data points in the step two, and establishing a function sigma of the failure intensity along with the temperature changeT(T) in Mpa;
determining fatigue loading frequency f of the bonding joint, namely embedding a thermocouple on the bonding joint, loading the bonding joint by using different frequencies, and selecting the frequency on the basis of ensuring fatigue test efficiency as test loading frequency under the condition of not generating overheating influence on a device because the thermal effect is generated due to overhigh loading frequency;
step five, carrying out a fatigue test with the characteristic cycle value of r-1 of the bonded joint at different temperatures, and obtaining the specified service life N at a certain temperature by using a lifting methodTMaximum stress σ in cyclic stress of (2)T,max(ii) a There are formulae (1) and (2):
σT,min＝r·σT,max＝-σT,max (1)
σT,a＝(σT,max-σT,min)/2＝σT,max (2)
step six, fitting the test data points at different temperatures obtained in the step five into S-N curve functions at different temperatures;
fitting by selecting an exponential S-N curve mathematical expression, i.e.
Wherein m isiAnd CiIs a fatigue parameter (i ═ 1, 2.. t + 1);
taking logarithm on two sides of the formula (3) to obtain a formula (4) as follows:
lgN＝-miσ·lge+lgCi (4)
will NTTaking the logarithm to obtain lgNTData points (σ)T,max,lgNT) Substituting the formula (4) to obtain fatigue parameters m and C corresponding to several selected temperature points, S-N curve functions of the bonded joint at different temperatures, stress sigma at different temperatures and failure cycle number NTLogarithm of (lgN)TThe relationship of (a) is a curve;
step seven, fitting (T +1) fatigue parameters m and C in S-N curve functions at different temperatures into functions m (T) and C (T) related to the test temperature based on a least square method, so as to obtain fitting functions of stress amplitude-temperature-fatigue fracture cycle life as shown in formulas (5) and (6), and fitting the fitting functions into a T-S-N fatigue performance curve through MATLAB 2019b as shown in FIG. 12;
em(T)σ·N＝C(T) (5)
N＝C(T)/em(T)σ (6)
step eight, calculating a temperature influence factor R as shown in a formula (7):
in the formula, σT(T) as a function of the change in quasi-static failure strength with time, σT(20) Is a quasi-static failure load value at normal temperature;
step nine, correcting adhesive layer constitutive parameters of the joint finite element model at the temperature through the temperature influence factor R, and obtaining the dangerous point stress sigma 'when the joint is stretched in a quasi-static state according to the calculation result of the finite element model'T,max；
Step ten, judging whether the external load cycle characteristic value corresponding to the actual joint fatigue life to be predicted is r' ═ 1; in the formula, r' represents a characteristic value of the actual joint to be predicted when the joint is circularly loaded;
step eleven, if the characteristic cycle value r ' ≠ -1, judging the actual working cycle stress amplitude sigma ' through the Goodman rule 'T,aConversion of equal lifetime to stress amplitude σ ' with characteristic value of r ' ═ 1 'T,a(r'＝-1)；
Wherein Goodman's rule is as shown in formula:
in formula (II), sigma'T,aIs the actual working fatigue loading stress amplitude value of sigma'T,a(r'＝-1)Conversion to stress amplitude, σ ', under symmetric circulation for actual operation'T,mMean stress, σ ', loaded for actual working fatigue'T,maxThe stress of an actual dangerous point is obtained by finite element model simulation during quasi-static stretching of the bonded joint; wherein, σ'T,mAs shown in formula (9):
finally, formula (10) is obtained by formula (8) and formula (9):
step twelve, according to the actual temperature of the joint to be predicted and the corresponding transformed fatigue stress amplitude sigma'T,a(r'＝-1)The fatigue performance curve is brought into a T-S-N fatigue performance curve analytical formula (6), and the actual cycle life N of the bonding joint is finally obtained through MATLAB 2019b calculationreal；
Step thirteen, if the characteristic cycle value r' is-1, the dangerous point stress in the step nine can be directly substituted into the formula (6) to calculate the actual service life N of the jointreal。
Examples
As shown in figure 1, the main structure of the multi-test-piece bonding joint tension-compression fatigue test device considering temperature influence consists of an environment box device, a power input device, an upper pressing device, a bonding joint, a test piece support cross shaft device, a lower pressing device, a movable limiter device and a fixed limiter device.
Wherein, environment case device mainly includes: the device comprises an oil cylinder supporting plate 2, a threaded rod 3, an environment box upper supporting plate 4, an environment box 5 and an environment box lower supporting plate 6; the power input device mainly includes: the device comprises an oil cylinder 7, a sensor 8, an expansion link 9, a U-shaped part 10, a balance beam pin shaft 11, a primary balance beam 12, a T-shaped limiting part 14, a control box 15 and a control line 16; go up closing device mainly includes: an upper pressing fixed block 19 and an upper pressing block 21; the cross shaft device of the test piece support mainly comprises: a flat head pin shaft 27, a test piece support 28, a cross shaft 29 and a cross shaft pin shaft 31; the adhesive joint mainly includes: a test piece aluminum bar upper part 23, glue 24 and a test piece aluminum bar lower part 25; the lower pressing device mainly comprises: a lower compression block 33, a secondary balance beam 34; the movable stopper device mainly comprises: a movable stopper bearing 37, a movable stopper support 38, a spring 39, a short pin 41, a rocker arm 42, a short pin 44; the fixed stopper device includes: fixed stop bearing 46, short pin 48, fixed stop mount 49.
Installing an oil cylinder 7, a sensor 8, an expansion link 9, a control box 15 and a control line 16 in a power input device on an environment box device, installing a U-shaped part 10 on the expansion link 9 through threaded connection, connecting a first-stage balance beam 12 with the U-shaped part 10 through a balance beam pin shaft 11, connecting a T-shaped limiting part 14 with the U-shaped part 10 through a screw 13, fixing 8 upper pressing devices on the environment box device through a bolt 18, connecting 4 test piece support cross shaft devices to the 8 upper pressing devices through cylindrical surfaces at two ends of a cross shaft 29 and a bearing 30 respectively in a matched manner, connecting 2 lower pressing devices with cylindrical surfaces at two ends of the first-stage balance beam 12 through a cylindrical hole of a second-stage balance beam 34 in an interference fit manner, connecting the 4 support cross shaft devices to the lower pressing devices through cylindrical surfaces at two ends of the bearing 30 and the cross shaft 29 respectively in a matched manner, and finally connecting the 4 bonding joints with the 8 upper and lower test piece support cross shaft devices through 8 flat head pin shafts 27, the bonding joint is in compression fit with the upper and lower test piece support cross shaft devices through 16 socket head cap screws 26, and finally, the two movable limiting device devices and the two fixed limiting device devices are fixed at the bottom of the environment box 5 through 4 screws 45 and 4 screws 50.
For the upper pressing device, the upper ends of a plurality of upper pressing fixed blocks 19 are connected with the lower supporting plate 6 of the environment box through bolts 18, and the upper ends of a plurality of upper pressing blocks 21 are connected with the lower ends of the upper pressing fixed blocks 19 in a pressing mode through screws 22.
The bonding joint is composed of a test piece aluminum bar upper 23, a test piece aluminum bar lower 25 and glue 24, and one end of each of the upper and lower aluminum alloy test bars is provided with a pin hole.
The cylindrical axes at the two ends of the cross 29 are mutually perpendicular to the axes of the front pin hole and the rear pin hole of the cross 29 and are in the same plane, so that a cross-like universal joint structure, namely a space hinge structure is formed, the test piece support 28 can deflect +/-5 degrees around the cross pin shaft 31, the cross 29 can deflect +/-5 degrees around the cylindrical axes at the two ends of the cross, and the bonded joint is prevented from bearing non-axial load due to assembly error.
The front side and the rear side of the primary balance beam 12 are provided with pin holes, the primary balance beam 12 and a U-shaped part 10 are hinged through a balance beam pin shaft 11, the U-shaped part 10 is in threaded connection with an oil cylinder telescopic rod 9, and 3 inner surfaces of the U-shaped part 10 are in contact with three outer surfaces of the primary balance beam 12.
The bottom of the environment box 5 is provided with 2 movable limiting device and 2 fixed limiting device, 4 bearings are used for limiting four side surfaces of the T-shaped limiting part 14 to serve as a guide structure, and the distance between the lower end of the T-shaped limiting part 14 and the bottom plate of the environment box is at least 200 mm.
The specific operation process comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting an adhesive and an aluminum base material to manufacture an adhesive joint; in the present embodiment, taking a butt-joint adhesive joint as an example, the dimensions are as shown in fig. 13;
is connected with two aluminum alloy test bars 51 by an adhesive 52, and the overall size of the joint is 200.2 multiplied by 25mm3Wherein the bonding area is 25 × 25mm2The thickness of the glue layer is 0.2 mm; the two aluminum alloy test bars 51 have the size of 100 multiplied by 25mm3The two ends far away from the glue layer are provided with loading holes 53 which can be connected with an environment and load coupling loading test device through a pin shaft;
in this example, the adhesive is selected to be a two-component epoxy adhesive
2015, the aluminum alloy material is 6061, and in order to ensure that the bonding joint is effectively manufactured, a tool clamp shown in fig. 14 is designed to finish manufacturing of the aluminum alloy butt bonding joint;
in order to ensure effective bonding, in this embodiment, the following bonding steps are employed:
step 5, forming nodules after the extruded residual adhesive is cured, and having certain influence on the strength of the joint; therefore, before the adhesive is completely cured, a scraper is adopted to remove the residual adhesive;
step two, measuring the quasi-static failure strength sigma of the adhesive joint at different temperaturesTSelecting the service temperature range of the vehicle body (-40-100 ℃), and referring to the vitrification conversion temperature T of the adhesivegEvenly dividing a temperature interval into t equal parts, and taking t +1 temperature points as typical temperature points;
in this embodiment, the selected temperature points are: -40 ℃, 20, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃ with corresponding quasi-static failure strengths: 48.756MPa, 43.764MPa, 42.1MPa, 36.564MPa, 31.764MPa, 21.076MPa, 11.124 MPa;
step three, performing curve fitting according to the test data points in the step two, and establishing a function sigma of the failure intensity along with the temperature changeT(T) in MPa, as shown in the following formula (11):
σT(T)＝42.1-0.24T-1.84×10-3T2 (11)
step four, determining fatigue loading frequency f of the bonding joint;
the specific process comprises the following steps: the thermocouple is pre-buried on the adhesive joint, the joint is loaded by different frequencies, and the thermal effect is generated due to overhigh loading frequency, so that the frequency on the basis of ensuring the fatigue test efficiency is selected as the test loading frequency under the condition of not generating the influence of overheating on the device; in this embodiment, the loading frequency is selected to be 5 HZ;
step five, carrying out a fatigue test with the characteristic cycle value of r-1 of the bonded joint at different temperatures, and obtaining the specified service life N at a certain temperature by using a lifting methodTMaximum stress σ in cyclic stress of (2)T,max；
Wherein when the characteristic cycle value is r ═ 1, there are formulae (12) and (13) as follows:
σT,min＝r·σT,max＝-σT,max (12)
σT,a＝(σT,max-σT,min)/2＝σT,max (13)
in this embodiment, specifically, the lifting method is as follows:
the lifting method fatigue test is to measure the failure stress under the designated fatigue life, thereby more accurately measuring the fatigue limit; selecting a certain test temperature point, such as N10, under the specified service life7Secondly, the test starts from a stress level higher than the fatigue limit of the bonding test piece, and a loading stress level is preset firstly
Is fatigue limit (
Initial selection is the initial strength sigma of the bonded jointT0.2 times of) in
The 1 st sample was tested under the influence of a test which did not reach the specified life N107Failure occurred before, and the 2 nd specimen was stressed to a lower level
The test was conducted until the 4 th sample was obtained, since the sample was
Under the action of N-107The cycle did not break (overtake), so the 5 th sample was sequentially subjected to a higher stress
Carrying out the test; according to this provision: when the previous sample is less than N107The cycle is broken, then the subsequent test is carried out under the stress of the lower level, and the difference between adjacent stresses is known as the stress increment until the whole test is completed, and the stress increment is kept unchanged in the whole process;
as shown in fig. 11, the specified lifetime N is 107The results of the lifting method test for 16 samples, in which X represents failure and O represents overtopping, were as follows: when the test results are processed, the data before the first pair of opposite results are discarded; points 3 and 4 as in the figure are the opposite result of the first occurrence, and thus data point 1 (corresponding to
Stress level) and point 2 (corresponding to)
Stress level) are discarded and the first occurrence of the opposite result point 3 (corresponding to
Stress level) and point 4 (corresponding to)
Stress level) stress average
The fatigue limit value is given by a conventional fatigue test method; similarly, the opposite result point 5 (corresponding to) appears for the second time
Stress level) and point 6 (corresponding to
Stress level), also equivalent to the fatigue limit given by conventional fatigue testing methods; thus, all adjacent data points with opposite outcomes are paired: 7 (correspond to)
Stress level) and 8 (corresponding to)
Stress level), 10 (corresponding to
Stress level) and 11 (corresponding to
Stress level), 12 (corresponding to
Stress levels) and 13 (corresponding to)
Stress level), 15 (corresponding to
Stress level) and 16 (corresponding to
Stress level), and finally, for data point 9 (corresponding to) that cannot be directly paired
Stress level) and point 14 (corresponding to
Stress level) or a pair of them, and a total of 7 pairs, and the average of 7 fatigue limits obtained from the 7 pairs of stresses can be used as the accurate value σ of the fatigue limit at that temperatureT,maxAs shown in equation (14):
from the above formula (15), it can be seen that the coefficient before each stress in parentheses just represents the number of tests under each stress (except for the failure points 1 and 2), and the results obtained by the "pairing method" are taken as the data points of the fatigue limit for statistical processing, so as to obtain the average value of the fatigue limit;
when the next sample of the last data point returns to the first valid data point, the valid data points can be matched into pairs; therefore, when performing the test using the small subsample lifting method, it is preferable to proceed until the last data point and the first valid data point are exactly aligned. The heave test is best performed at a stress level of 4. When the test of the 6 th or 7 th test is completed, the calculation of σ can be started according to the formula (15)T,maxThe values are calculated sequentially, and the sigma after the test of 8 th, 9 th, 10 th and … … th samples is calculatedT,maxA value; when the changes of the values become smaller and tend to be stable, the test can be stopped, and the sigma calculated by the test of the last sample is finishedT,maxA value as the fatigue limit for the specified life at the desired temperature; in general, about 10 specimens are required; the key for testing and determining the fatigue limit by using a lifting method is the selection of the stress increment delta sigma; in general, the stress increase is preferably chosen so that the test is carried out at a stress level of 4, for which purpose the following method of selecting the stress increase is proposed: sigma, determined by conventional fatigue test method, is knownT,maxWhen σ as determined by conventional fatigue test is knownT,maxWhen the material is used, 4 to 6 percent of sigma can be takenT,maxAs the stress increment Δ σ; and so on, changing the designated service life to obtain the fatigue limit sigma corresponding to each designated service life at different temperaturesT,max；
Step six, fitting the test data points at different temperatures obtained in the step five into S-N curve functions at different temperatures;
fitting by selecting an exponential S-N curve mathematical expression, i.e.
Wherein m isiAnd CiIs a fatigue parameter (i ═ 1, 2.. t + 1);
taking logarithm on two sides of the formula (16) to obtain a formula (17):
will NTTaking the logarithm to obtain lgNTData points (σ)T,max,lgNT) Substituting the formula (17) to obtain fatigue parameters m and C corresponding to several selected temperature points, S-N curve functions of the bonded joint at different temperatures, stress sigma at different temperatures and failure cycle number NTLogarithm of (lgN)TThe relationship of (a) is a curve;
the temperature points selected according to this example were: -40 ℃, 20, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃ corresponding to the following functional relationship:
at a temperature of-40 ℃ to form a film,
at a temperature of-20 ℃ and,
at the temperature of 0 ℃, the mixture is mixed,
at the temperature of 20 ℃, the temperature of the mixture is controlled,
at the temperature of 40 ℃, the temperature of the mixture is controlled,
at the temperature of 60 ℃, the temperature of the mixture is controlled,
at the temperature of 80 ℃, the mixture is mixed,
and seventhly, fitting (T +1) fatigue parameters m and C in S-N curve functions at different temperatures into functions m (T) and C (T) related to the test temperature based on a least square method, wherein the functions m (T) and C (T) are shown as formulas (18) and (19), so that a stress amplitude-temperature-fatigue fracture cycle life fitting function is obtained, the function is shown as a formula (20), the function is fitted into a T-S-N fatigue performance curve through MATLAB 2019b, the T-S-N fatigue performance curve is shown as a graph 12, and finally the fatigue fracture cycle life is obtained, and is shown as a formula (21):
m(T)＝1.0743+0.01193·T+4.72E-5·T2 (18)
C(T)＝107.5 (19)
em(T)σ·N＝C(T) (20)
namely, it is
Step eight, calculating a temperature influence factor R as shown in a formula (22):
in the formula, σT(T) as a function of the change in quasi-static failure strength with time, σT(20) Is a quasi-static failure load value at normal temperature;
step nine, correcting adhesive layer constitutive parameters of the joint finite element model at the temperature through the temperature influence factor R, and obtaining the dangerous point stress sigma 'when the joint is stretched in a quasi-static state according to the calculation result of the finite element model'T,max；
In this embodiment, taking an actual temperature of 60 ℃ as an example, the actual temperature is substituted into equation (22), so as to obtain a temperature influence coefficient R of 0.574, the original cohesion constitutive parameter is multiplied by the influence coefficient, so as to obtain a corrected cohesion parameter, and meanwhile, an actual external load maximum value of 18282N (80% of a quasi-static failure load at 60 ℃) is applied to the finite element model, so as to calculate to obtain a dangerous point stress of 5.67 MPa;
step ten, judging whether the external load cycle characteristic value corresponding to the actual joint fatigue life to be predicted is r '═ 1, wherein r' represents the characteristic value of the actual joint to be predicted during cyclic loading; in this embodiment, the actual external load cycle characteristic value r' of the joint is selected to be 0.1;
step eleven, if the characteristic cycle value r ' ≠ -1, judging the actual working cycle stress amplitude sigma ' through the Goodman rule 'T,aConversion of equal lifetime to stress amplitude σ ' with characteristic value of r ' ═ 1 'T,a(r'＝-1)；
Wherein Goodman's rule is as shown in formula:
in formula (II), sigma'T,aIs the actual working fatigue loading stress amplitude value of sigma'T,a(r'＝-1)Conversion to stress amplitude, σ ', under symmetric circulation for actual operation'T,mMean stress, σ ', loaded for actual working fatigue'T,maxThe stress of an actual dangerous point is obtained by finite element model simulation during quasi-static stretching of the bonded joint; wherein, σ'T,mAs shown in equation (24):
finally, formula (20) is obtained by formula (18) and formula (19):
when r 'is 0.1 in this embodiment, σ'T,a(r'＝-1)＝7.56MPa。
Step twelve, according to the actual temperature of the joint to be predicted and the corresponding transformed fatigue stress amplitude sigma'T,a(r'＝-1)The fatigue performance curve is brought into a T-S-N fatigue performance curve analytical formula (21), and the actual cycle life N of the bonding joint is finally obtained through MATLAB 2019b calculationrealAnd (28) finally realizing fatigue performance test of the bonded joint in a service temperature interval and cycle number prediction at any temperature and different cycle characteristics.
Step thirteen, if the characteristic cycle value r' is-1, the dangerous point stress of 5.67MPa in the step nine can be directly substituted into the formula (21) to calculate the actual service life N of the jointreal。
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a consider many test pieces bonded joint of temperature influence and draw pressure fatigue test device which characterized in that includes:
an environmental chamber;
the oil cylinder is detachably arranged at the upper part of the environment box and is provided with a power output end;
one end of the telescopic rod is connected with the power output end and vertically penetrates through the upper side face of the environment box;
one side of the U-shaped part is detachably connected with the other end of the telescopic rod;
the primary balance beam is detachably arranged at the opening of the U-shaped part;
the limiting piece is connected with the other side of the U-shaped piece, and the bottom of the limiting piece is arranged at an interval with the lower side surface of the environment box;
a plurality of first upper pressing blocks detachably mounted on an inner upper surface of the environmental chamber;
the second upper pressing blocks are detachably arranged on the upper surface of the interior of the environment box and are respectively and symmetrically arranged with the first upper pressing blocks at intervals;
a plurality of upper test piece support devices, one end of each of which is detachably arranged between the corresponding first upper pressing block and the corresponding second upper pressing block;
a plurality of first lower compact blocks;
the second lower pressing blocks and the first lower pressing blocks are respectively arranged in a spaced and symmetrical mode;
the two ends of the secondary balance beams are provided with first bulges which are symmetrically arranged at intervals and are provided with through holes; the first bulge is used for correspondingly mounting the first lower pressing block and the second lower pressing block in a matching manner, and the through hole is used for enabling the primary balance beam to penetrate in a matching manner;
a plurality of lower specimen holder devices, one end of which is detachably mounted between the first lower pressing block and the second lower pressing block;
the plurality of limiters are detachably and fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the interior of the environment box and used for limiting the limiting pieces;
the test piece bonding joint is arranged between the other end of the upper test piece support device and the other end of the lower test piece support device;
further comprising:
the oil cylinder supporting plate is used for supporting the oil cylinder;
the environment box upper supporting plate is detachably arranged on the outer upper surface of the environment box and is detachably connected with the oil cylinder supporting plate through a threaded rod;
an environment box lower supporting plate detachably mounted on the inner upper surface of the environment box;
one end of the telescopic rod is connected with the power output end of the oil cylinder, and the other end of the telescopic rod sequentially penetrates through the environment box upper supporting plate, the upper side surface of the environment box and the environment box lower supporting plate;
further comprising:
the first upper pressing fixed blocks are detachably mounted with the environment box lower supporting plate;
the second upper pressing fixed blocks are detachably mounted with the lower support plate of the environmental box and are respectively and symmetrically arranged with the first upper pressing fixed blocks at intervals;
the first upper pressing blocks are correspondingly arranged on the first upper pressing fixed blocks respectively, and the first upper pressing blocks are correspondingly arranged on the first upper pressing fixed blocks respectively;
go up test piece support device with test piece support device all includes down:
one end of the test piece support is provided with second bulges which are symmetrically arranged at intervals;
the flat-head pin shaft is arranged between the second bulges and is used for mounting the test piece bonding joint;
the cross shaft is fixedly connected with the other end of the test piece support, and cylinders are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the cross shaft;
the connecting part of the first upper pressing fixed block and the first upper pressing block is provided with a first cylindrical through hole, the connecting part of the second upper pressing fixed block and the second upper pressing block is provided with a second cylindrical through hole, and a cylinder of the upper test piece support device can be correspondingly installed in the first cylindrical through hole and the second cylindrical through hole in a matched manner; and
the joint of the first bulge and the first lower pressing block is provided with a third cylindrical through hole, the joint of the first bulge and the second lower pressing block is provided with a fourth cylindrical through hole, and a cylinder of the lower test piece support device can be correspondingly matched and installed in the third cylindrical through hole and the fourth cylindrical through hole.
2. The multi-specimen bonded joint tension-compression fatigue test apparatus considering temperature influence according to claim 1, wherein the stopper includes a movable stopper and a fixed stopper:
the activity stopper includes:
the movable limiter support is fixedly and detachably arranged on the inner lower surface of the environment box and comprises a first part and a second part which are integrally connected, and the first part and the second part are vertically arranged;
a rocker arm having one end fixedly and detachably mounted on the first portion;
one end of the spring is fixedly connected to the second part, and the other end of the spring is abutted to the rocker arm;
the movable limiter bearing is fixedly connected with the rocker arm through a short pin; and
the fixed stopper includes:
the fixed limiter support is fixedly and detachably arranged on the inner lower surface of the environment box and is arranged opposite to the movable limiter support at intervals;
the fixed limit bearing is fixedly connected with the fixed limit device support through a short pin;
the lower end of the limiting part is arranged between the movable limiter bearing and the fixed limiter bearing.
3. The multi-specimen bonded joint tensile-compressive fatigue test apparatus considering temperature influence according to claim 2, wherein the primary balance beam is installed in interference fit with the through hole of the secondary balance beam.
4. The multi-specimen bonded joint tension-compression fatigue test device considering temperature influence according to claim 3, wherein the first upper compression fixing block and the second upper compression fixing block are detachably mounted with the environmental chamber lower support plate through bolts.
5. The multi-test-piece bonded joint tensile-compressive fatigue test device considering temperature influence of claim 4, wherein the first upper compression block is detachably mounted with the first upper compression fixing block through a bolt; and
the second upper pressing block is detachably mounted with the second upper pressing fixing block through a bolt.
6. The multi-specimen bonded joint tensile-compressive fatigue testing apparatus considering temperature influence according to claim 5, wherein a distance between the stopper and the inner lower surface of the environmental chamber is not less than 200 mm.
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