CN111765245A - 一种提高换挡经济性的换挡系统和换挡方法 - Google Patents

一种提高换挡经济性的换挡系统和换挡方法 Download PDF

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CN111765245A
CN111765245A CN202010628136.2A CN202010628136A CN111765245A CN 111765245 A CN111765245 A CN 111765245A CN 202010628136 A CN202010628136 A CN 202010628136A CN 111765245 A CN111765245 A CN 111765245A
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gear
vehicle
driving
optimal
engine
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阎全忠
宁予
高丰城
潘世林
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Hanteng Automobile Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H59/44—Inputs being a function of speed dependent on machine speed of the machine, e.g. the vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H59/48—Inputs being a function of acceleration
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/022—Calculation or estimation of optimal gear ratio, e.g. best ratio for economy drive or performance according driver preference, or to optimise exhaust emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0244—Adapting the automatic ratio to direct driver requests, e.g. manual shift signals or kick down

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Abstract

一种提高换挡经济性的换挡方法，包括如下步骤：步骤1，建立档位及速度的对应检索表；步骤2，感知实际驾驶环境和驾驶意图；步骤3，匹配最佳档位，依据现实行驶速度判断是否在最佳驾驶速度范围内，若在则为最佳驾驶档位，否则其将落入两档位对应的驾驶速度范围的重合区内，此时作升档或降档操作，将档位变更至另一档位。本发明充分考虑环境场景和车辆技术状态，对影响驾驶的综合因素都予以考虑，将驾驶员的技术差异进行策略筛选，得到各档位及对应的最佳驾驶速度范围，并提供驾驶员参考，优化了驾驶的经济性。

Description

一种提高换挡经济性的换挡系统和换挡方法
技术领域
本发明涉及驾驶换挡领域，具体涉及一种提高换挡经济性的换挡系统，还包括一种基于换挡系统的换挡方法。
背景技术
目前国内轿车广泛装配的变速器有自动变速器(AT)、手动挡MT，电控机械式自动变速器。由于AT采用液力传动，传动系统本身的低效率也决定了整车的高油耗。AMT是在固定轴式齿轮变速器和干式离合器的基础上加装自动操作机构和控制单元组成。AMT根据写入控制单元的换挡规律代替人工完成的离合器分离结合、摘挡、换挡的操作。MT靠驾驶员进行离合器分离结合和摘挡、换档的操作。
对于手动档，驾驶员识别换档时机不理想，容易出现低速高档和高速低档驾驶的情况，出现动力性差、油耗高、发动机积碳损害发动机等不良现象。不仅欧盟要求手动档必须装配换档提醒，巴西也规定装配换档提醒装置可在测定的每百公里油耗结果上减去0.1L。专利申请201810092861.5根据换档曲线，检测车速和油门开度两个参数，进行MT换档提醒，AMT也能根据换档曲线，检测车速和油门开度两个参数，制作换档策略，在两参数换档策略基础上，后来又增加了加速度作为控制参数，进入到三参数换档控制策略阶段，此外还有基于模糊控制、神经网络、离线数据计算得到的动力性和经济性的优选换档策略；中国专利201010001032.5根据车速和扭矩需求以及扭矩传递规律来使车辆尽量处于高档位行驶；中国专利201510585797.0利用汽车自诊断系统OBD的数据来实时修正换档点，相比于静态的双参数或者三参数换档控制策略又有进步；专利申请201710042971.6更进一步考虑驾驶员意图的识别，将动力性、经济性、排放性参数与驾驶意图放进一个多目标评估函数，来决定换档策略。
由于燃油经济性由车辆组成和技术状态、驾驶员驾驶技术状态、环境状态等因素共同决定，现有技术都没有充分考虑到驾驶员驾驶技术状态和环境状态对于换档策略的优化。
发明内容
根据背景技术提出的问题，本发明提供一种提高换挡经济性的换挡系统和换挡方法来解决，接下来对本发明做进一步地阐述。
一种提高换挡经济性的换挡系统，包括车辆状态传感系统、车辆技术诊断系统、发动机状态传感系统、发动机技术诊断系统、驾驶员驾驶意图感知系统、环境感知系统以及分别与之连接的整车智能控制系统；其中，
所述车辆状态感知系统，包括各类测量车速、加速度、档位参数的传感器，用于获取车辆运行中的车速、加速度、档位参数的数据获取；
所述车辆技术诊断系统，用于确定车辆各零部件和子系统的技术状态；
所述发动机状态传感系统，包含各类测量发动机控制所需的转速、扭矩、温度等参数的传感器；
所述发动机技术诊断系统，用于确定发动机各零部件和子系统的技术状态；
所述驾驶员驾驶意图感知系统，包括各类测量车辆行进间的转向、加速、刹车、离合器控制、换挡等传感器；
所述环境感知系统，包括各类测量环境温度、坡度、风力、路面技术条件等参数的传感器；
所述整车智能控制系统，用于收集车辆上个系统各感知系统的测量参数，进而控制车辆运动的智能控制单元ECU。
进一步地，还包括远程数据采集系统，包括车企车辆运行监控平台、国家车辆运行数据采集系统、车载远程通讯系统，使车企获得有关车辆运行的相关参数和技术数据的各种装置，所述整车智能控制系统与远程数据采集系统连接；整车智能控制系统将收集的各类数据传输至远程数据采集系统，对于车辆行进间的档位优化则通过整车智能控制系统和/或远程数据采集系统进行策略分析与验证。
一种提高换挡经济性的换挡方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，建立档位及速度的对应检索表，将与车辆行进中的车辆、发动机、环境、驾驶意图的影响因素综合建立为一张可供检索的检索表；
步骤2，感知实际驾驶环境和驾驶意图，并依据车辆行进中各部件状态于检索表内寻找最佳驾驶档位及其对应的最佳驾驶速度范围；
步骤3，匹配最佳档位，依据现实行驶速度判断是否在最佳驾驶速度范围内，若在则为最佳驾驶档位，否则其将落入两档位对应的驾驶速度范围的重合区内，此时作升档或降档操作，将档位变更至另一档位。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明充分考虑环境场景和车辆技术状态，对影响驾驶的综合因素都予以考虑，将驾驶员的技术差异进行策略筛选，得到各档位及对应的最佳驾驶速度范围，并提供驾驶员参考，优化了驾驶的经济性。
附图说明
图1：本发明驾驶系统的结构示意图；
图2：本发明驾驶方法的示意图；
图3：档位及速度的对应检索表的建立方法图；
具体实施方式
接下来结合附图对本发明的一个具体实施例来做详细地阐述。
一种提高换挡经济性的换挡系统，包括车辆状态传感系统、车辆技术诊断系统、发动机状态传感系统、发动机技术诊断系统、驾驶员驾驶意图感知系统、环境感知系统、远程数据采集系统以及整车智能控制系统；所述整车智能控制系统分别与车辆状态传感系统、车辆技术诊断系统、发动机状态传感系统、发动机技术诊断系统、驾驶员驾驶意图感知系统、环境感知系统、远程数据采集系统连接；其中，
所述车辆状态感知系统，包括各类测量车速、加速度、档位参数的传感器，用于获取车辆运行中的车速、加速度、档位参数的数据获取；
所述车辆技术诊断系统，用于确定车辆各零部件和子系统的技术状态；
所述发动机状态传感系统，包含各类测量发动机控制所需的转速、扭矩、温度等参数的传感器；
所述发动机技术诊断系统，用于确定发动机各零部件和子系统的技术状态；
所述驾驶员驾驶意图感知系统，包括各类测量车辆行进间的转向、加速、刹车、离合器控制、换挡等传感器；
所述环境感知系统，包括各类测量环境温度、坡度、风力、路面技术条件等参数的传感器；
所述远程数据采集系统，包括车企车辆运行监控平台、国家车辆运行数据采集系统、车载远程通讯系统等，使车企获得有关车辆运行的相关参数和技术数据的各种装置；
所述整车智能控制系统，用于收集车辆上个系统各感知系统的测量参数，进而控制车辆运动的智能控制单元ECU。
所述整车智能控制系统与远程数据采集系统连接，整车智能控制系统将收集的各类数据传输至远程数据采集系统，对于车辆行进间的档位优化则通过整车智能控制系统和/或远程数据采集系统进行策略分析与验证，采用如下所述的方法。
一种提高换挡经济性的换挡方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，建立档位及速度的对应检索表，将与车辆行进中的车辆、发动机、环境、驾驶意图的影响因素综合建立为一张可供检索的检索表；
步骤2，感知实际驾驶环境和驾驶意图，并依据车辆行进中各部件状态于检索表内寻找最佳驾驶档位及其对应的最佳驾驶速度范围；
步骤3，匹配最佳档位，依据现实行驶速度判断是否在最佳驾驶速度范围内，若在则为最佳驾驶档位，否则其将落入两档位对应的驾驶速度范围的重合区内，此时作升档或降档操作，将档位变更至另一档位。
其中，对于步骤1所述的建立档位及速度对应检索表，包括以下步骤：
步骤11，车辆分类，根据车辆技术状态和发动机技术状态做分类，将所述的车辆状态感知系统测得的车速、加速度、档位的参数；
步骤12，档位分类，在步骤11得到的车辆分类中，将所述发动机状态传感系统测得的发动机控制所需的转速、扭矩、温度等参数进行分类；
步骤13，环境场景分类，在步骤12得到的档位分类中，将环境感知系统测得的环境因素进行分类；
步骤14，建立各档位下速度与油耗的相关性，选取不止一位经验丰富的驾驶员于步骤13所述的各个环境场景分类中的因素组合下进行驾驶，收集所有驾驶员得到的数据，剔除加速、减速、刹车、转向的数据片段，将剩余数据进行拟合后填入检索表中，具体的，对于检索表任意一单元，将收集的所有合格数据作自然分布处理，得到正态分布曲线，将3个标准差内的速度值作为可选的适宜驾驶速度，即得到此单元格对应的速度值范围内的油耗达到较优的状态，依次得到档位及速度的对应检索表。
本发明充分考虑环境场景和车辆技术状态，对影响驾驶的综合因素都予以考虑，将驾驶员的技术差异进行策略筛选，得到各档位及对应的最佳驾驶速度范围，并提供驾驶员参考，优化了驾驶的经济性。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种提高换挡经济性的换挡系统，其特征在于：包括车辆状态传感系统、车辆技术诊断系统、发动机状态传感系统、发动机技术诊断系统、驾驶员驾驶意图感知系统、环境感知系统以及分别与之连接的整车智能控制系统；其中，
所述车辆状态感知系统，包括各类测量车速、加速度、档位参数的传感器，用于获取车辆运行中的车速、加速度、档位参数的数据获取；
所述车辆技术诊断系统，用于确定车辆各零部件和子系统的技术状态；
所述发动机状态传感系统，包含各类测量发动机控制所需的转速、扭矩、温度参数的传感器；
所述发动机技术诊断系统，用于确定发动机各零部件和子系统的技术状态；
所述驾驶员驾驶意图感知系统，包括各类测量车辆行进间的转向、加速、刹车、离合器控制、换挡传感器；
所述环境感知系统，包括各类测量环境温度、坡度、风力、路面技术条件参数的传感器；
所述整车智能控制系统，用于收集车辆上个系统各感知系统的测量参数，进而控制车辆运动的智能控制单元ECU。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高换挡经济性的换挡系统，其特征在于：还包括远程数据采集系统，包括车企车辆运行监控平台、国家车辆运行数据采集系统、车载远程通讯系统，使车企获得有关车辆运行的相关参数和技术数据的各种装置，所述整车智能控制系统与远程数据采集系统连接；整车智能控制系统将收集的各类数据传输至远程数据采集系统，对于车辆行进间的档位优化则通过整车智能控制系统和/或远程数据采集系统进行策略分析与验证。
3.一种提高换挡经济性的换挡方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤1，建立档位及速度的对应检索表，将与车辆行进中的车辆、发动机、环境、驾驶意图的影响因素综合建立为一张可供检索的检索表；
步骤2，感知实际驾驶环境和驾驶意图，并依据车辆行进中各部件状态于检索表内寻找最佳驾驶档位及其对应的最佳驾驶速度范围；
步骤3，匹配最佳档位，依据现实行驶速度判断是否在最佳驾驶速度范围内，若在则为最佳驾驶档位，否则其将落入两档位对应的驾驶速度范围的重合区内，此时作升档或降档操作，将档位变更至另一档位。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种提高换挡经济性的换挡方法，其特征在于所述步骤1所述的建立档位及速度对应检索表，包括以下步骤：
步骤11，车辆分类，根据车辆技术状态和发动机技术状态做分类，将所述的车辆状态感知系统测得的车速、加速度、档位的参数；
步骤12，档位分类，在步骤11得到的车辆分类中，将所述发动机状态传感系统测得的发动机控制所需的转速、扭矩、温度参数进行分类；
步骤13，环境场景分类，在步骤12得到的档位分类中，将环境感知系统测得的环境因素进行分类；
步骤14，建立各档位下速度与油耗的相关性，选取不止一位经验丰富的驾驶员于步骤13所述的各个环境场景分类中的因素组合下进行驾驶，收集所有驾驶员得到的数据，剔除加速、减速、刹车、转向的数据片段，将剩余数据进行拟合后填入检索表中，具体的，对于检索表任意一单元，将收集的所有合格数据作自然分布处理，得到正态分布曲线，将3个标准差内的速度值作为可选的驾驶速度，依次可得到完整的档位及速度的对应检索表。
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