CN111764635A - Connection structure of scaffold and steel structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Connection structure of scaffold and steel structure and construction method thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111764635A
CN111764635A CN202010737761.0A CN202010737761A CN111764635A CN 111764635 A CN111764635 A CN 111764635A CN 202010737761 A CN202010737761 A CN 202010737761A CN 111764635 A CN111764635 A CN 111764635A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
hook
pull rod
wing plate
steel structure
top support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010737761.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王建南
蒋经纬
文万光
刘嘉琦
赵小斌
夏天
李博
赫强
王富科
谢文
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Co Ltd filed Critical China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Co Ltd
Priority to CN202010737761.0A priority Critical patent/CN111764635A/en
Publication of CN111764635A publication Critical patent/CN111764635A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G5/00Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
    • E04G5/04Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions
    • E04G5/041Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions for fastening scaffolds on roof frameworks or on roofs

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a connecting structure of a scaffold and a steel structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the connecting structure comprises the following components: one end of the pull rod is detachably connected with the scaffold, and the other end of the pull rod is bent to form a first hook adaptive to a wing plate of the steel structure; the limiting piece is movably connected to the pull rod and is close to the first hook, a second hook which is matched with a wing plate of the steel structure and is opposite to the first hook is formed on the limiting piece, the limiting piece is attached to the wing plate of the steel structure through the pull rod, and the first hook and the second hook are arranged at two opposite ends of the wing plate; the top supporting piece is arranged along the length direction of the pull rod, one end of the top supporting piece is connected to the pull rod in a position-adjustable mode, the other end of the top supporting piece abuts against the other side, opposite to the second bent hook, of the limiting piece, the top supporting limiting piece is pressed on the wing plate through adjusting the top supporting piece, one end of the top supporting piece is fixed on the pull rod through the fastening piece, and the first bent hook and the second bent hook are tightly clamped at the two opposite ends of the wing plate of the steel structure to achieve fixed connection.

Description

Connection structure of scaffold and steel structure and construction method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a connecting structure of a scaffold and a steel structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
Scaffold frame in construction generally adopts even wall spare and major structure erection joint to depend on major structure. The wall connecting member is generally embedded in the main structure. When the main structure of the project is a steel structure, the traditional wall connecting piece is difficult to be fixedly connected with the main body through embedding
Generally will link wall spare and steel construction welded fastening among the prior art, though intensity is reliable firm but follow-up dismantlement process is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, need cut off, polish, waste time and material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a connecting structure of a scaffold and a steel structure and a construction method thereof, and solves the problems that in the prior art, a wall connecting piece and the steel structure are welded and fixed, although the strength is reliable and firm, the subsequent disassembling process is complicated, the cutting and polishing are needed, and the time and the material are wasted.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the invention provides a connecting structure of a scaffold and a steel structure, which comprises:
one end of the pull rod is detachably connected with the scaffold, and the other end of the pull rod is bent to form a first hook which is adaptive to a wing plate of a steel structure;
the limiting part is movably connected to the pull rod and is close to the first hook, a second hook which is matched with a wing plate of the steel structure and is opposite to the first hook is formed on the limiting part, the pull rod is attached to the wing plate of the steel structure, and the first hook and the second hook are hooked at two opposite ends of the wing plate; and
the top support piece is arranged along the length direction of the pull rod, one end of the top support piece is connected to the pull rod in a position-adjustable mode, the other end of the top support piece is abutted against the other side, opposite to the second hook, of the limiting piece, the limiting piece is pressed on the wing plate in a pressing mode through adjusting the top support of the top support piece, one end of the top support piece is fixed on the pull rod through a fastening piece, and therefore the first hook and the second hook are tightly clamped at the two opposite ends of the wing plate of the steel structure to achieve fixed connection.
The connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure of the present invention is further improved in that,
the pull rod is vertically and fixedly connected with a connecting plate opposite to the other side of the limiting piece;
the top support piece is a screw rod, the fastener is a nut, one end of the screw rod transversely penetrates through the connecting plate, the other end of the screw rod vertically supports against the other side of the limiting piece, and the screw rod is screwed in through the nut and is pressed on the connecting plate to be fixed.
The connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure of the present invention is further improved in that,
the two connecting plates are fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the pull rod;
the screw rods are two, and the two screw rods respectively penetrate through the corresponding connecting plates to be arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pull rod.
The connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure of the present invention is further improved in that,
the limiting piece is a baffle which is sleeved on the pull rod and can move along the pull rod.
The connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure of the present invention is further improved in that,
the pull rod comprises a straight pipe section and a flat section which are integrally connected, and the end part of the flat section is bent to form the first hook.
The invention also provides a construction method of the connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure, which comprises the following steps:
attaching a pull rod to a wing plate of the steel structure, and hooking the first hook at one end of the wing plate;
the second hook of the limiting piece is hooked at the other end, opposite to the wing plate, of the wing plate;
adjusting one end of a top support piece, moving the top support piece along the length direction of the pull rod to enable the other end of the top support piece to abut against the other side, opposite to the second hook, of the limiting piece, and propping the limiting piece through the top support piece to be tightly pressed on the wing plate; and
and fixing one end of the supporting piece on the pull rod by adopting a fastener, so that the first hook and the second hook are tightly clamped at the two opposite ends of the wing plate of the steel structure to realize fixed connection.
The construction method of the connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure is further improved in that a connecting plate is provided, and the connecting plate is vertically and fixedly connected to the pull rod and is arranged opposite to the other side of the limiting piece;
the top support piece is a screw rod, the fastener is a nut, the screw rod is arranged along the length direction of the pull rod, one end of the screw rod penetrates through the connecting plate, one end of the screw rod is adjusted, the screw rod moves along the length direction of the pull rod to enable the other end of the screw rod to vertically abut against the other side, opposite to the second hook, of the limiting part, the limiting part is tightly pressed on the wing plate through the screw rod top support, and the screw rod is screwed in by the nut and is pressed on the connecting plate to be fixed.
The connecting structure of the scaffold and the steel structure and the construction method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, one end of the pull rod is connected with the scaffold, the other end of the pull rod forms the first hook, the limiting part forming the second hook is arranged on the pull rod, the first hook and the second hook are arranged at the two opposite ends of the wing plate of the steel structure, the limiting part is pushed and pressed on the wing plate by adjusting the supporting part, and one end of the supporting part is fixed on the pull rod through the fastening part, so that the first hook and the second hook are tightly clamped at the two opposite ends of the wing plate of the steel structure, the scaffold and the steel structure are fixedly connected, the clamping and the fastening are realized, the installation and the disassembly are convenient, and the steel structure is not damaged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an installation state of a connection structure of a scaffold and a steel structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a connection structure of the scaffolding of the present invention and a steel structure.
Fig. 3 is an exploded view of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, there is shown a schematic view illustrating an installation state of the coupling structure of the scaffolding and the steel structure according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a connection structure of the scaffolding of the present invention and a steel structure. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the connection structure of the scaffolding of the present invention and the steel structure includes:
one end of the pull rod 10 is detachably connected with the scaffold 20, and the other end of the pull rod 10 is bent to form a first hook 11 which is matched with a wing plate 31 of the steel structure 30;
a limiting member 40 movably connected to the pull rod 10 and close to the first hook 11, wherein the limiting member 40 is formed with a second hook 41 adapted to the wing plate of the steel structure 30 and opposite to the first hook 11, the second hook is attached to the wing plate 31 of the steel structure 30 through the pull rod 10, and the first hook 11 and the second hook 41 are hooked at two opposite ends of the wing plate 31; and
the top support member 50 is arranged along the length direction of the pull rod 10, one end of the top support member 50 is connected to the pull rod 10 in a position-adjustable manner, the other end of the top support member 50 abuts against the other side of the limiting member 40 opposite to the second hook 41, the top support limiting member 40 is pressed against the wing plate 31 by adjusting the top support member 50, and one end of the top support member 50 is fixed to the pull rod 10 through the fastener 60, so that the first hook 11 and the second hook 41 are tightly clamped at the opposite ends of the wing plate 31 of the steel structure 30 to realize fixed connection.
Specifically, the steel structure is I-shaped steel, and comprises a pair of wing plates which are oppositely arranged up and down and a web plate which is vertically and fixedly connected with the pair of wing plates. The scaffold 20 comprises vertical uprights 21. The upright 21 of the scaffold 20 is fixedly connected with the wing plate at the bottom of the I-steel by adopting the connecting structure of the invention, so that the scaffold 20 is attached to the I-steel, and the stability of the scaffold 20 is ensured.
As a preferred embodiment of the connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure of the present invention, the tie bar 10 includes a straight section and a flat section integrally connected, and an end of the flat section is bent to form the first hook 11.
Specifically, the straight pipe section is connected with the upright rod 21 of the scaffold 20 through a fastener, so that the installation and the disassembly are convenient. During installation, the flat section of the pull rod 10 is attached to the bottom surface of the wing plate 31 located at the bottom of the steel structure 30, so that the attachment can be ensured to be tight, and then the first hook 11 of the vertical rod 21 and the second hook 41 of the limiting part 40 are hooked to two opposite ends of the wing plate 31, so that the pull rod 10 and the wing plate of the steel structure 30 can be prevented from shaking due to a gap, and the tight connection can be ensured.
The end part of the flat section is bent upwards to form a bending section, and the included angle between the bending section and the flat section is an acute angle, so that the bending section and the flat section form a first hook 11 to be sleeved on the corresponding end part of the wing plate.
As a preferred embodiment of the connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure according to the present invention, refer to fig. 3 which is an exploded view of fig. 2. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the tie rod 10 is vertically fixed with a connecting plate 12 opposite to the other side of the limiting member 40; the top support member 50 is a screw, the fastening member 60 is a nut, one end of the screw transversely penetrates through the connecting plate 12, the other end of the screw vertically supports against the other side of the limiting member 40, and the screw is screwed on the screw through the nut and pressed on the connecting plate 12 to realize fixation.
Specifically, the flat sections of the tie plate 12 and the tie rod 10 are perpendicular to and integrally formed with each other. The screw rod is inserted into the connecting plate 12 and can move along the direction of the vertical rod 21 relative to the connecting plate 12, so that the limiting member 40 is pushed by the screw rod to move towards the corresponding end of the wing plate so as to be tightly pressed on the wing plate, and the limiting member 40 is prevented from slipping off from the wing plate.
As a preferred embodiment of the connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure of the present invention, there are two connection plates 12, and the two connection plates 12 are fixed to the upper and lower sides of the tie rod 10; the number of the screws is two, and the two screws are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the pull rod 10 by penetrating through the corresponding connecting plates 12.
Through locating two connecting plates 12 in the upper and lower both sides of pull rod 10, locate two screw rods in the upper and lower both sides of pull rod 10, the symmetry sets up to when the screw rod pushes away connecting plate 12, can guarantee that connecting plate 12 is vertical to be set up and can avoid inclining, guarantee that locating part 40 is vertical to support and press in the tip of pterygoid lamina.
As a preferred embodiment of the connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure of the present invention, the position-limiting member 40 is a baffle plate that is sleeved on the pull rod 10 and can move along the pull rod 10.
Specifically, a rectangular opening adapted to the flat section of the pull rod 10 is formed in the middle of the baffle, and the baffle is sleeved on the limiting member 40 through the rectangular opening and can move on the flat section of the pull rod 10. One side of the baffle forms a second hook 41. The second hook 41 and the first hook 11 are oppositely arranged at an included angle, and a space for clamping the wing plate is formed in the middle. The second hook 41 is hooked over the corresponding end of the flap 31 by moving the flap over the flat section of the tie rod 10.
The invention also provides a construction method of the connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure, which comprises the following steps:
attaching the pull rod 10 to a wing plate 31 of the steel structure 30, and hooking the first hook 11 at one end of the wing plate 31;
the second hook 41 of the stopper 30 is hooked to the opposite end of the wing plate 31;
adjusting one end of the top support member 50, moving the top support member 50 along the length direction of the pull rod 10 so that the other end of the top support member 50 abuts against the other side of the limiting member 40 opposite to the second hook 41, and pressing the limiting member 40 against the wing plate 31 through the top support member 50; and
one end of the top supporter 50 is fixed to the drawbar 10 using the fastener 60 such that the first hook 11 and the second hook 41 are tightly clamped to opposite ends of the wing 31 of the steel structure 30 to be fixedly coupled thereto.
As a preferred embodiment of the construction method of the connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure of the present invention, the method further includes providing a connection plate 12, and vertically fixing the connection plate 12 to the pull rod 10 and opposite to the other side of the limiting member 40;
the top support member 50 is a screw, the fastening member 60 is a nut, the screw is arranged along the length direction of the pull rod, one end of the screw penetrates through the connecting plate 12, one end of the screw is adjusted, the screw is moved along the length direction of the pull rod 10, so that the other end of the screw vertically abuts against the other side, opposite to the second hook 41, of the limiting member 30, the limiting member 40 is pressed on the wing plate 31 through the screw top support, and the nut is screwed on the screw and pressed on the connecting plate 12 to realize fixation.
The connecting structure of the scaffold and the steel structure and the construction method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, one end of the pull rod is connected with the scaffold, the other end of the pull rod forms the first hook, the limiting part forming the second hook is arranged on the pull rod, the first hook and the second hook are arranged at the two opposite ends of the wing plate of the steel structure, the limiting part is pushed and pressed on the wing plate by adjusting the supporting part, and one end of the supporting part is fixed on the pull rod through the fastening part, so that the first hook and the second hook are tightly clamped at the two opposite ends of the wing plate of the steel structure, the scaffold and the steel structure are fixedly connected, the clamping and fastening are realized, the installation and the disassembly are convenient, and the steel structure is not damaged.
While the present invention has been described in detail and with reference to the embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein. Therefore, certain details of the embodiments are not to be interpreted as limiting, and the scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A connection structure of scaffold and steel construction, its characterized in that includes:
one end of the pull rod is detachably connected with the scaffold, and the other end of the pull rod is bent to form a first hook which is adaptive to a wing plate of a steel structure;
the limiting part is movably connected to the pull rod and is close to the first hook, a second hook which is matched with a wing plate of the steel structure and is opposite to the first hook is formed on the limiting part, the pull rod is attached to the wing plate of the steel structure, and the first hook and the second hook are hooked at two opposite ends of the wing plate; and
the top support piece is arranged along the length direction of the pull rod, one end of the top support piece is connected to the pull rod in a position-adjustable mode, the other end of the top support piece is abutted against the other side, opposite to the second hook, of the limiting piece, the limiting piece is pressed on the wing plate in a pressing mode through adjusting the top support of the top support piece, one end of the top support piece is fixed on the pull rod through a fastening piece, and therefore the first hook and the second hook are tightly clamped at the two opposite ends of the wing plate of the steel structure to achieve fixed connection.
2. The scaffold and steel structure connection structure of claim 1,
the pull rod is vertically and fixedly connected with a connecting plate opposite to the other side of the limiting piece;
the top support piece is a screw rod, the fastener is a nut, one end of the screw rod transversely penetrates through the connecting plate, the other end of the screw rod vertically supports against the other side of the limiting piece, and the screw rod is screwed in through the nut and is pressed on the connecting plate to be fixed.
3. The scaffold and steel structure connection structure of claim 2,
the two connecting plates are fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the pull rod;
the screw rods are two, and the two screw rods respectively penetrate through the corresponding connecting plates to be arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pull rod.
4. The scaffold and steel structure connection structure according to claim 1, wherein the stopper is a baffle plate sleeved on the pull rod and movable along the pull rod.
5. The scaffold and steel structure connection structure of claim 1,
the pull rod comprises a straight pipe section and a flat section which are integrally connected, and the end part of the flat section is bent to form the first hook.
6. A construction method of the connection structure of the scaffold and the steel structure according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
attaching a pull rod to a wing plate of the steel structure, and hooking the first hook at one end of the wing plate;
the second hook of the limiting piece is hooked at the other end, opposite to the wing plate, of the wing plate;
adjusting one end of a top support piece, moving the top support piece along the length direction of the pull rod to enable the other end of the top support piece to abut against the other side, opposite to the second hook, of the limiting piece, and propping the limiting piece through the top support piece to be tightly pressed on the wing plate; and
and fixing one end of the supporting piece on the pull rod by adopting a fastener, so that the first hook and the second hook are tightly clamped at the two opposite ends of the wing plate of the steel structure to realize fixed connection.
7. The scaffold and steel structure connection structure of claim 6,
the connecting plate is vertically and fixedly connected to the pull rod and is arranged opposite to the other side of the limiting piece;
the top support piece is a screw rod, the fastener is a nut, the screw rod is arranged along the length direction of the pull rod, one end of the screw rod penetrates through the connecting plate, one end of the screw rod is adjusted, the screw rod moves along the length direction of the pull rod to enable the other end of the screw rod to vertically abut against the other side, opposite to the second hook, of the limiting part, the limiting part is tightly pressed on the wing plate through the screw rod top support, and the screw rod is screwed in by the nut and is pressed on the connecting plate to be fixed.
CN202010737761.0A 2020-07-28 2020-07-28 Connection structure of scaffold and steel structure and construction method thereof Pending CN111764635A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010737761.0A CN111764635A (en) 2020-07-28 2020-07-28 Connection structure of scaffold and steel structure and construction method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010737761.0A CN111764635A (en) 2020-07-28 2020-07-28 Connection structure of scaffold and steel structure and construction method thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111764635A true CN111764635A (en) 2020-10-13

Family

ID=72727594

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010737761.0A Pending CN111764635A (en) 2020-07-28 2020-07-28 Connection structure of scaffold and steel structure and construction method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111764635A (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980002305A1 (en) * 1979-04-19 1980-10-30 Lotquick Ltd Clamp for attachment to structural steelwork
WO1992004516A1 (en) * 1990-09-01 1992-03-19 C.W.C. Ltd. Improved clamp and mounting arrangement
CN2409264Y (en) * 2000-01-06 2000-12-06 庞明方 Convenient fastener for building scaffold
CN202324586U (en) * 2011-08-23 2012-07-11 浙江城建建设集团有限公司 Integral attached device attached with lifting scaffold
CN202324585U (en) * 2011-08-23 2012-07-11 浙江城建建设集团有限公司 Connecting tube of holistic inserted lift scaffold with steel frame structure for high-rise buildings
CN105484486A (en) * 2016-01-09 2016-04-13 江苏揽月工程科技发展股份有限公司 Adjustable rigid pulling connection device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980002305A1 (en) * 1979-04-19 1980-10-30 Lotquick Ltd Clamp for attachment to structural steelwork
JPS56500418A (en) * 1979-04-19 1981-04-02
WO1992004516A1 (en) * 1990-09-01 1992-03-19 C.W.C. Ltd. Improved clamp and mounting arrangement
CN2409264Y (en) * 2000-01-06 2000-12-06 庞明方 Convenient fastener for building scaffold
CN202324586U (en) * 2011-08-23 2012-07-11 浙江城建建设集团有限公司 Integral attached device attached with lifting scaffold
CN202324585U (en) * 2011-08-23 2012-07-11 浙江城建建设集团有限公司 Connecting tube of holistic inserted lift scaffold with steel frame structure for high-rise buildings
CN105484486A (en) * 2016-01-09 2016-04-13 江苏揽月工程科技发展股份有限公司 Adjustable rigid pulling connection device

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10718123B2 (en) Device for dismountably connecting two intersecting formwork beams
CN205531311U (en) Shear force wall end mould board reinforcing apparatus
CN204199693U (en) The adjustable girth member of shear wall door and window hole inner corner trim
CN111764635A (en) Connection structure of scaffold and steel structure and construction method thereof
CN210459646U (en) Steel construction assembled wallboard node
CN108942291A (en) A kind of High efficient clamp for pipe cutting
CN214364845U (en) Adjustable positioning pile of overhanging scaffold
CN112160612B (en) Groove type embedded part installation elastic tool and construction method thereof
CN101550603A (en) Rod spelling device of silicon single crystal rod
CN109779021B (en) Building steel structure node
CN205935625U (en) Go -between for building support
CN219101191U (en) Hook cat ladder device of angle steel tower
JP2816953B2 (en) Handrail pillar with lock for building scaffold
CN105672646B (en) Welded steel fabric springboard installation method
CN217998452U (en) Novel assembled steel construction heat preservation wallboard
CN210878338U (en) Automatic assembling machine for H-shaped steel
CN210086608U (en) Floor fastener and floor assembly
CN220100726U (en) I-steel beam butt joint positioner
CN220329681U (en) Lightning protection bridging processing forming device
CN205077677U (en) Pull rod formula steel construction point type glass curtain wall
CN220575825U (en) Concrete floor nail pulling device
CN209811302U (en) Electric drill fixing device for steel beam drilling operation
CN215331344U (en) Outer wall scaffold pole setting fixing device and building structure based on overhanging type scaffold
CN216810337U (en) A block structure for coincide beam slab piece
CN212508995U (en) High-altitude fan saddle plate mounting bracket

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20201013

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication