CN111761408B - Detection method of detection device for internal and external temperature fields of cutter in milling process of quenched steel die - Google Patents
Detection method of detection device for internal and external temperature fields of cutter in milling process of quenched steel die Download PDFInfo
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- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
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Abstract
The invention provides a detection method of a detection device for an internal and external temperature field of a cutter in a milling process of a quenched steel die, and belongs to the field of temperature field detection. The problem of current quenching steel mould course of working cutting temperature difficult measurement influence productivity ratio and processingquality is solved. The detection device comprises a sound wave receiving and transmitting mechanism, an infrared thermal imaging mechanism, a rotating table and an installation base, wherein the installation base is connected with a workbench of a machine tool, the rotating table is positioned and connected with the installation base through a central hole, a plurality of guide rails are arranged on the rotating table, the sound wave receiving and transmitting mechanism and the infrared thermal imaging mechanism are respectively in sliding connection with the guide rails, the sound wave receiving and transmitting mechanism comprises a second installation plate, a guide rail sliding block and a sound wave transceiver, the guide rail sliding block is in sliding connection with the guide rails, the guide rail sliding block is rotatably connected with a first positioning baffle, a first guide groove is formed in the first positioning baffle, and the first guide groove is connected with. The method is mainly used for detecting the temperature field inside and outside the cutter in the milling process of the hardened steel die.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of temperature field detection, and particularly relates to a detection method of a detection device for an internal and external temperature field of a cutter in a milling process of a quenched steel die.
Background
Currently, there are two main types of temperature measurement methods: non-contact thermometry and contact thermometry. The non-contact temperature measurement method is characterized in that the sensitive element is not in contact with the measured medium, the temperature of the thermal force field is not interfered, and the distribution of the temperature field can be measured. The contact type temperature measurement is characterized in that a temperature measurement sensitive element is in direct contact with a measured medium, the interference is caused to a thermal force field, various heat losses exist, and the service life of the sensitive element is limited. The current major temperature measurement techniques, such as thermocouple technology, are well established but can only be used in traditional applications, and are still limited in many areas of technology. And the calorimeter products in China are still mainly mechanical, and have the defects that mechanical parts are easy to wear and the like, so that the calorimeter products cannot meet the market requirements. Therefore, the ultrasonic meter is a high-performance meter with high precision, small pressure loss and good reliability, and is classified as a new generation meter with key development by experts and relevant departments. At present, various novel temperature sensors and special and practical temperature measurement technologies are developed in various countries in targeted competition, and the ultrasonic temperature sensor is an important development direction. The physical basis of the ultrasonic temperature measuring instrument is based on the relationship between the temperature and the sound velocity in a gas, liquid and solid three-state medium. The speed of sound in many solids, liquids, and gases generally varies with temperature. The rate of change of sound velocity is greatest in solids at high temperatures and greatest in gases at low temperatures. Based on the physical properties of the ultrasound.
The process problems of serious tool abrasion, poor processing performance, poor processing surface quality and the like easily occur during the die milling. Among these, too high cutting temperature is an important factor causing these problems. When the cutter is used for cutting various materials, the cutting temperature has an optimal range. In this optimum temperature range, not only the properties of the workpiece material are satisfactory, but also the lifetime of the tool is relatively high. Wherein the cutting parameters have a large influence on the cutting temperature, so that the control of the cutting amount can be realized by using the optimal cutting temperature, thereby improving the productivity and the processing quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a detection method of a detection device for an internal and external temperature field of a cutter in a milling process of a quenched steel die, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an inside and outside temperature field detection device of quenched steel mould milling process cutter, it includes sound wave transceiver constructs, thermal infrared imager, rotates platform and installation base, the installation base links to each other with the workstation of lathe, it links to each other with the installation base through centre bore location to rotate the platform, it is provided with many guide rails to rotate the bench, sound wave transceiver constructs and thermal infrared imager and equallys divide respectively with many guide rail sliding connection, sound wave transceiver constructs including second mounting panel, guide rail slider and acoustic transceiver, guide rail slider and guide rail sliding connection, guide rail slider rotates with first locating baffle to be connected, first guide way has been seted up on the first locating baffle, links to each other with the second mounting panel through first guide way, install a plurality of sound wave transceivers on the second mounting panel, thermal infrared imager constructs including thermal imager, first mounting panel, The thermal infrared imager comprises two second positioning baffles and two guide slide bars, wherein the two second positioning baffles are connected with the guide rail in a sliding manner, second guide grooves are formed in the second positioning baffles, the two ends of each guide slide bar are connected with the second positioning baffles through the second guide grooves, the first mounting plate is connected with the guide slide bars through center hole positioning, and the thermal infrared imager is mounted on the first mounting plate.
Furthermore, the number of the sound wave receiving and transmitting mechanisms is two, and the two sound wave receiving and transmitting mechanisms are arranged at an included angle of 20-45 degrees.
Furthermore, the acoustic transceiver mechanism comprises four acoustic transceivers.
Furthermore, the rotating table and the mounting base are connected with a workbench of the machine tool through the matching of the pressing check ring and the positioning bolt.
Furthermore, the guide sliding rod and the second positioning baffle are locked through the matching of a gasket and a nut.
Furthermore, the acoustic wave transceivers are all connected with a signal processor, the signal processor is connected with a control terminal, and the thermal infrared imager is connected with the control terminal.
Furthermore, the sound wave transceivers respectively receive sound wave signals of a plurality of temperature measuring areas on the cutter and transmit the sound wave signals to the temperature area ports on the signal processor.
Furthermore, the number of the temperature measuring areas is three, the temperature measuring areas are respectively a first temperature measuring area, a second temperature measuring area and a third temperature measuring area, and the three temperature measuring areas are sequentially arranged along the vertical direction of the cutter.
Furthermore, the signal processor is connected with the control terminal through a bus interface.
The invention also provides a detection method of the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing a detection device on a machine tool workbench and fixing, building a workpiece milling module, selecting a three-axis numerical control milling machine, milling a hardened steel die by using a whole hard alloy double-tooth ball-end milling cutter, setting cutting parameters by adopting a milling track of flow line uphill back milling, building a thermal infrared imager shooting module, adjusting an angle of a thermal infrared imager lens to shoot a ball-end milling cutter cutting edge, connecting a thermal infrared imager signal transmission interface to a control terminal, initially shooting the parameters, building an acoustic transceiver measuring module, connecting an acoustic transceiver signal transmission interface with an acoustic transceiver, further connecting the acoustic transceiver signal transmission interface to the control terminal, and initially measuring the parameters;
step two: adjusting an aperture of a lens of the thermal infrared imager, determining a measurement distance according to the focusing range requirement, the optical resolution and the target diameter of the black body radiation source of the thermal infrared imager, adjusting the emissivity of the thermal infrared imager until the surface temperature measured by the thermal infrared imager is the same as the surface temperature measured by the contact thermometer, wherein the emissivity is the correct emissivity of the target object, shooting a measured cutter through the thermal infrared imager, and measuring the surface temperature of the cutter to obtain an infrared image and a thermal radiation image;
step three: adjusting the sound wave wavelength of a sound wave transceiver, selecting the frequency of an ultrasonic oscillator as 5MHz when measuring by adopting a pulse-echo method, adjusting the sound wave emission angle, enabling the sound pulse to irradiate to the measured cutter along the plane of the central axis of the cutter, reflecting the sound pulse back from the cutter-tool interface after passing through the interior of the cutter, and emitting and receiving sound wave signals through the sound wave transceiver so as to achieve the purpose of detecting the temperature in the cutter;
step four: the method comprises the steps of dividing a cutting edge part of a cutter into unit grids, establishing a mathematical model of temperature fields inside and outside the cutter by using calibrated radiation characteristic parameter distribution, measuring the central temperature and the boundary temperature of the unit grids by a detection device, fitting measurement data by a least square method to obtain the temperature fields inside and outside the cutter, measuring the temperature change of the cutter within continuous interval time to obtain the temperature field characteristics changed in a processing area, carrying out forward-looking prediction on the temperature fields inside and outside the cutter based on pattern recognition, analyzing the detection data, correcting the obtained mathematical model to obtain a measurement system model, reading and recording measurement data of an infrared thermal imager, reading and recording an acoustic transceiver, mapping an infrared light image into a tetreltb transformation area, and reconstructing the whole temperature field of the cutter by using multi-criterion iterative algorithm image fusion by using the correlation of polygons of area energy and area pixels.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention solves the problems that the cutting temperature is not easy to measure in the existing hardened steel die processing process, and the productivity and the processing quality are influenced. The method is used for measuring the cutting temperature and reconstructing the internal and external temperature fields of the quenched steel in the processing process of the quenched steel die, and further achieves the purpose of improving the processing quality and the processing efficiency of the cutting processing surface. The detection device is based on an acoustic temperature measurement principle, and obtains the propagation time of sound waves in the cutter by collecting and identifying the sound wave change characteristics of the front surface of the cutting cutter and the cutter-tool contact surface, so that the non-contact detection of the cutting temperature of the quenched steel die is realized. The detection method combines an off-line radiation temperature measurement calibration method and a digital image processing technology to reconstruct the internal and external temperature fields of the quenched steel. The machining area of the die is subjected to full-coverage detection through the acoustic wave receiving and transmitting mechanism and the thermal infrared imaging mechanism, 5 degrees of freedom are designed respectively, and the detection angle and the relative position between the detection angles can be accurately adjusted. The internal temperature of the quenched steel is measured by adopting an ultrasonic technology, and the method has the advantages of sensitive reaction, high accuracy, no interference to a temperature field, less energy loss and the like. The instantaneous temperature during the cutting process can be accurately measured. A new method is provided for measuring the cutting temperature. The structure is exquisite, and part interchangeability is high, and the durability is strong, and use cost is low. Compared with the traditional temperature measurement method, the method can achieve the requirements of rapidness, accuracy and wider temperature measurement range, and can meet the requirements of accurate temperature measurement and online control in industrial production and scientific research particularly in high-temperature and severe temperature measurement environments. Compared with the method of measuring the cutting temperature by adopting a thermocouple, the method has the advantages that the cutting temperature is high and is accompanied by cutting vibration, and the measuring end of the thermocouple is extremely easy to break and is difficult to obtain a good measuring result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a device for detecting the internal and external temperature fields of a cutter during the milling process of a quenched steel die according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view structural diagram of the detection device for the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter during the milling process of the quenched steel die;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working structure of the detection device system for the temperature field inside and outside the cutter during the milling process of the quenched steel die;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal processor connection structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the method for detecting the internal and external temperature fields of the tool during the milling process of the quenched steel die.
The method comprises the following steps of 1-a thermal infrared imager, 2-a first mounting plate, 3-a first positioning baffle, 4-a second positioning baffle, 5-a second mounting plate, 6-a guide rail slider, 7-a rotating table, 8-a mounting base, 9-a pressing retaining ring, 10-a positioning bolt, 11-a guide rail, 12-a sound wave transceiver, 13-a gasket, 14-a nut, 15-a guide sliding rod, 16-a machine tool, 17-a workpiece, 18-a signal processor, 19-a control terminal, 20-a cutter, 21-a first temperature measuring area, 22-a second temperature measuring area, 23-a third temperature measuring area and 24-a temperature area port.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5 to illustrate the embodiment, the device for detecting the internal and external temperature fields of the tool during milling of the hardened steel die comprises an acoustic wave transceiver mechanism, an infrared thermal imaging mechanism, a rotating table 7 and a mounting base 8, wherein the mounting base 8 is connected with a workbench of a machine tool 16, the rotating table 7 is connected with the mounting base 8 through central hole positioning, a plurality of guide rails 11 are arranged on the rotating table 7, the acoustic wave transceiver mechanism and the infrared thermal imaging mechanism are respectively connected with the plurality of guide rails 11 in a sliding manner, the acoustic wave transceiver mechanism comprises a second mounting plate 5, a guide rail sliding block 6 and an acoustic wave transceiver 12, the guide rail sliding block 6 is connected with the guide rails 11 in a sliding manner, the guide rail sliding block 6 is connected with a first positioning baffle 3 in a rotating manner, a first guide groove is formed in the first positioning baffle 3 and connected with a second mounting plate 5 through the first guide groove, the second mounting plate 5 is provided with a plurality of acoustic wave, the thermal infrared imager mechanism comprises a thermal infrared imager 1, a first mounting plate 2, a second positioning baffle 4 and a guide slide bar 15, the number of the second positioning baffles 4 is two, the two second positioning baffles 4 are both connected with a guide rail 11 in a sliding manner, a second guide groove is formed in the second positioning baffle 4, the two ends of the guide slide bar 15 are connected with the second positioning baffle 4 through the second guide groove, the first mounting plate 2 is connected with the guide slide bar 15 through a center hole, and the thermal infrared imager 1 is mounted on the first mounting plate 2.
The position can be adjusted through removing between the part that the guide way is connected to this embodiment, connects through the pinhole and realizes the rotation between the part to angle of adjustment, through the fastening between gasket and the nut realization part. The number of the acoustic wave transceiver mechanisms is two, the two acoustic wave transceiver mechanisms are arranged at an included angle of 20-45 degrees, each acoustic wave transceiver mechanism comprises four acoustic wave transceivers 12, the machining area of the die is subjected to full-coverage detection, 5 degrees of freedom are provided, and the detection angle of the device and the relative position between the devices can be accurately adjusted. The rotating table 7 and the mounting base 8 are connected with a workbench of a machine tool 16 through the matching of a pressing retainer ring 9 and a positioning bolt 10, a guide slide rod 15 and a second positioning baffle 4 are locked through a gasket 13 and a nut 14 in a matching mode, a plurality of sound wave transceivers 12 are all connected with a signal processor 18, the signal processor 18 is connected with a control terminal 19, the thermal infrared imager 1 is connected with the control terminal 19, detected data are processed through the signal processor 18, the sound wave transceivers 12 receive sound wave signals of a plurality of temperature measuring areas on a cutter 20 respectively and transmit the sound wave signals to temperature area ports 24 on the signal processor 18, the number of the temperature measuring areas is three, the three temperature measuring areas are a first temperature measuring area 21, a second temperature measuring area 22 and a third temperature measuring area 23 respectively, the three temperature measuring areas are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction of the cutter 20, and the signal processor 18 is connected with the control terminal 19 through.
The embodiment is a method for detecting the internal and external temperature fields of a cutter in the milling process of a quenched steel die, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing a detection device on a machine tool workbench and fixing, building a workpiece 17 milling module, selecting a three-axis numerical control milling machine, milling a hardened steel die by using a whole hard alloy double-tooth ball-end milling cutter, setting cutting parameters by adopting a milling track of flow line uphill back milling, building a thermal infrared imager 1 shooting module, adjusting the angle of a lens of the thermal infrared imager 1 to shoot the cutting edge of the ball-end milling cutter, connecting a signal transmission interface of the thermal infrared imager 1 to a control terminal 19, initially shooting parameters, building a measuring module of an acoustic transceiver 12, connecting the signal transmission interface of the acoustic transceiver 12 with the acoustic transceiver 12, further connecting the signal transmission interface of the acoustic transceiver 12 to the control terminal 19, and initially measuring the parameters;
step two: adjusting an aperture of a lens of the thermal infrared imager 1, determining a measurement distance according to the focusing range requirement, the optical resolution and the diameter of a black body radiation source target of the thermal infrared imager 1, adjusting the emissivity of the thermal infrared imager 1 until the surface temperature measured by the thermal infrared imager 1 is the same as the surface temperature measured by a contact thermometer, wherein the emissivity is the correct emissivity of the target object, shooting a measured cutter 20 through the thermal infrared imager 1, and measuring the surface temperature of the cutter 20 to obtain an infrared image and a thermal radiation image;
step three: adjusting the sound wave wavelength of the sound wave transceiver 12, selecting the frequency of an ultrasonic oscillator as 5MHz when measuring by adopting a pulse-echo method, adjusting the sound wave emission angle, enabling the sound pulse to emit to the measured cutter 20 along the plane of the central axis of the cutter 20, reflecting the sound pulse back from the cutter-tool interface after passing through the inside of the cutter 20, and emitting and receiving sound wave signals through the sound wave transceiver 12 so as to achieve the purpose of detecting the temperature inside the cutter 20;
step four: the cutting edge part of the cutter 20 is divided into unit grids, a mathematical model of the temperature field inside and outside the cutter 20 is established by utilizing the calibrated radiation characteristic parameter distribution, measuring the central temperature and the boundary temperature of the unit grid by a detection device, fitting the measured data by a least square method to obtain the temperature fields inside and outside the cutter 20, measuring the temperature change of the cutter 20 in continuous interval time to obtain the temperature field characteristics changed in the processing time domain, carrying out prospective prediction on the temperature fields inside and outside the cutter 20 based on mode identification, analyzing the detected data, correcting the obtained mathematical model to obtain a measurement system model, reading and recording the measurement data of the thermal infrared imager 1, reading and recording the acoustic transceiver 12, mapping the infrared image to a tetreletb transform domain, and (3) reconstructing the whole temperature field of the tool 20 by using the correlation between the polygons of the regional energy and the regional pixels and adopting a multi-criterion iterative algorithm image fusion.
In the embodiment, a milling experiment system is taken as an example, the cutter 20 is a double-tooth ball-end milling cutter made of a whole hard alloy, the taper is 3 degrees, the ball-end radius is 3mm, the diameter of the cutter is 8mm, the edge length is 12mm, and the cutter length is 2 mm. The workpiece 17 is made of die steel p20 and has a blank in the form of a rectangular block 400mm by 300mm by 100 mm. The machine tool selected for the experiment is a three-axis numerical control milling machine, and the experiment is carried out by adopting the milling track of the streamline uphill reverse milling.
The surface temperature of the cutting tool is measured by adopting an infrared radiation technology, and the monitoring of the surface temperature of the cutting tool is realized by the thermal infrared imager 1. The measurement target of infrared temperature measurement is the object surface temperature, is the product of convenient temperature measurement. The thermal infrared imager 1 has not only a thermal infrared imaging technology and an image processing technology but also an infrared temperature measurement technology. On one hand, the thermal infrared imager 1 can accurately measure the surface temperature of the object under the condition of not contacting the surface of the object, and on the other hand, the thermal infrared imager can rapidly generate an infrared image and a thermal radiation image. The thermal infrared imager 1 is susceptible to various factors during temperature measurement, the transmitting power and the temperature measuring area have certain difference, and the factors such as the reflected power, the ambient temperature and the measuring distance have certain influence on the temperature measuring precision. When the thermal infrared imager is built, the appearance, display, indication error, temperature measurement consistency and the like of the thermal infrared imager 1 need to be calibrated, so that the detection equipment is ensured not to have serious influence on the measurement result. Firstly, the defects that the measurement function of the thermal infrared imager 1 is not affected by a shell of the thermal infrared imager 1, a mechanical adjusting component, an external leakage optical element, a key and an electrical appliance connecting piece are manually and visually checked. And then, verifying that the display effect of the thermal infrared imager 1 should not influence the normal use. Secondly, checking the indication error of the thermal infrared imager 1, starting the thermal infrared imager 1 for a certain time before measurement, selecting the upper limit and the lower limit of the measurement range and the middle value of the measurement range as calibration temperature points, and measuring for not less than 4 times at each calibration temperature point. And determining the measurement distance according to the focusing range requirement, the optical resolution and the target diameter of the blackbody radiation source of the thermal infrared imager 1. And adjusting the position of the thermal infrared imager 1 to enable the thermal infrared imager 1 to aim at the center of the target of the blackbody radiation source to be detected along the axial direction of the blackbody radiation source, so that the target to be detected can be imaged clearly. And finally, calibrating the temperature measurement consistency of the thermal infrared imager 1, dividing the display picture of the thermal infrared imager 1 into 9 areas, and marking the central point of each area respectively. Under the experimental condition, the position of the thermal infrared imager 1 or the position of the blackbody radiation source is adjusted, the centers of the blackbody radiation sources are respectively imaged on the mark points, the thermal infrared imager 1 is used for measuring the center temperature of the blackbody radiation source, and the indication value of the mark points is recorded.
The acoustic transceiver 12 is used to detect and reconstruct the internal temperature field of the cutting tool 20. The principle of ultrasonic temperature measurement by using pulse technology is based on the relation that the propagation speed of ultrasonic wave and the temperature of medium have a single-value function. In a solid, the speed of propagation of sound waves therein decreases as the temperature increases. The sound wave temperature measuring device consists of a sensor, a buffer, a sensitive element and electronic equipment. The transducer is actually an electro-acoustic transducer, typically a piezoelectric crystal, which can be used as a transmitter to convert electrical pulse signals into acoustic wave signals, or as a receiver to convert acoustic wave signals back into electrical pulse signals. The sensor is used to measure the speed of sound waves, which propagate in it, the speed of which varies with temperature. The buffer can transmit the sound wave signal from the far sensor to the sensitive element, and when the temperature of the measured medium is too high, the temperature of the sensor is reduced, so that the sensor can work normally. The electronic equipment comprises an electric pulse signal generator, a receiver, a signal processor, a display instrument and the like. The ultrasonic temperature measuring module of the embodiment is composed of a signal processor 18, a sensor, a detecting element with a protective conduit and the like. The signal processor 18 is the heart of the system and its main function is to control the measurement and display of temperature, and the signal processor 18 can connect the system to the machine power controller and data acquisition system to form a closed loop system. Four detection elements are adopted to work simultaneously, and if each detection element has five measurement areas, the four detection elements can simultaneously complete the measurement of twenty temperature points.
The infrared thermal imaging mechanism receives infrared radiation emitted by a target object through an optical system at the front end. In an optical system, an aperture stop is not usually provided separately, and therefore, the energy of a signal received by the system should be changed by adjusting the size of the aperture. The stability of the aperture angle is ensured, and the temperature measurement precision of the thermal infrared imager 1 can be effectively improved. The thermal sensitivity determines the ability of the thermal infrared imager 1 to distinguish slight temperature differences, and the thermal sensitivity is set to adjust the definition of the picture. Under the unit testing distance, the smaller the area which can be detected by a single pixel of the thermal infrared imager 1 is, the clearer the image imaging is. The thermal infrared imager 1 uses the total emissivity, and in the temperature measurement process, if the temperature measurement is performed according to the related data of the input emissivity, the accuracy of the temperature measurement result cannot be ensured. When the values are different, the temperature measurement results are different greatly. And the measurement error of the short-wave thermal imager is smaller compared with the measurement result of the long-wave thermal imager by analyzing from the angle of the working waveband. If the emissivity setting value is larger than the actual value, the larger the error is, the larger the negative deviation of the temperature measurement result and the actual condition is. If the set value of the emissivity is smaller than the actual value, the larger the error is, the larger the positive deviation of the temperature measurement result from the actual situation is. Therefore, in the radiation temperature measurement process, the relevant factors of the emissivity should be comprehensively analyzed, and the emissivity is adjusted to be close to an actual value, so that the accuracy of temperature measurement is ensured. The surface temperature measured by the change rule of the black body radiation has the following formula:
in the formula: t-temperature, K; λ -wavelength, m; lb (λ, T) -spectral radiance of blackbody, W.m-3·sr-1；C1First radiation constant of 3.7418X 10-16，W·m2；C2Second radiation constant of 1.1488X 10-2，m·K。
When the propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave in the solid metal is constant, measuring the temperature by measuring the change of the sound velocity is actually a measurement problem of the time signal, and the time signal is very small. In order to achieve high accuracy and high resolution of temperature, the measurement error and resolution of the time signal must reach the nanosecond level. The requirements can be met by applying electronic technology and a microcomputer. When the temperature is measured by using the acoustic wave transmitting and receiving mechanism, it is important to select an appropriate propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave. If the distance is too short, the time signal change caused by the same temperature change is small, which affects the measurement accuracy and resolution, but the influence of impurity particles in metal with too long distance on the absorption and scattering of sound waves is enhanced, and the echo signal is weakened. Meanwhile, the frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator is generally selected to be 5 MHz. When the frequency is too high, the acoustic pulse signal is rapidly attenuated under high temperature conditions, and when the frequency is too low, unnecessary echo noise is generated due to diffraction.
In order to evaluate the feasibility of the measurement of the device, the upper limit value of the ratio of the received signal M to the echo signal N of the tool-tool interface is calculated, the measurement is carried out by adopting a pulse-echo method, if gamma < <1, then the following steps are carried out:
|M/N|＝[2γ/(γ+1)]2≈4γ2
in the formula: gamma is the ratio of the solid impedance to the capacitance impedance.
When the internal temperature of the cutter is measured by a pulse-echo method, sound waves are transmitted to the inside of the cutter 20 through the surface of the cutter 20 and then reflected back from the cutter-workpiece interface. At the interface of the two media, if the acoustic pulse is normally incident, the reflected signal strength P isrAnd transmitted signal intensity PtAnd incident signal intensity P1The ratio of (A) to (B) is:
in the formula: rho1，ρ2Density of the first medium and the second medium, respectively; c. C1，c2The propagation speeds of the ultrasonic waves in the two media are respectively.
In order to eliminate the influence of temperature variation on the sound velocity variation in the guide rod, the total velocity t of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the guide rod and the cutter 20 can be measured by a transmitting-receiving method, and the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the guide rod is subtracted by the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the guide rod, so that the propagation time of the acoustic pulse in the cutter 20 can be obtained.
The detection method obtains a final cutting temperature field through pattern fusion. The internal temperature field is based on an acoustic measurement principle, and an acoustic temperature measurement system is designed. The system can directly obtain the flight time by the peripheral chip, and the measurement speed is improved. And aiming at the problem of image deletion in the temperature field reconstructed by the least square method, a two-stage reconstruction algorithm is provided for carrying out interpolation by using a function on the basis of the reconstruction result of the least square method. The algorithm can accurately obtain the cutting temperature field distribution image. The traditional infrared image fusion algorithm can generally achieve the purpose of recognizing a scene, but can not more delicately depict the detail characteristics in the scene, and in order to further improve the scene identification degree, the invention adopts a multi-scale geometric transformation image fusion algorithm based on tetrolet transformation. First, the infrared light image is mapped into the tetrolet transform domain and both are decomposed into low frequency coefficients and high frequency coefficients. Then, the relevance of the polygon of the area energy and the area pixels is utilized, the weighting coefficients are selected in a self-adaptive mode for fusion, and then the threshold value of the smoothness of the area is introduced to set the high-frequency coefficient fusion rule. And finally, carrying out image reconstruction on the new high-frequency and low-frequency coefficients obtained by fusion to obtain a fusion result.
The detection method of the detection device for the temperature field inside and outside the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die is described in detail, a specific example is applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the detection method, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the detection method; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A detection method of a detection device for an internal and external temperature field of a cutter in a milling process of a quenched steel die is characterized by comprising the following steps: the detection device comprises a sound wave receiving and transmitting mechanism, an infrared thermal imaging mechanism, a rotating table (7) and an installation base (8), wherein the installation base (8) is connected with a workbench of a machine tool (16), the rotating table (7) is connected with the installation base (8) through center hole positioning, a plurality of guide rails (11) are arranged on the rotating table (7), the sound wave receiving and transmitting mechanism and the infrared thermal imaging mechanism are respectively in sliding connection with the guide rails (11), the sound wave receiving and transmitting mechanism comprises a second installation plate (5), a guide rail sliding block (6) and a sound wave transceiver (12), the guide rail sliding block (6) is in sliding connection with the guide rails (11), the guide rail sliding block (6) is rotationally connected with a first positioning baffle (3), a first guide groove is formed in the first positioning baffle (3), the first guide groove is connected with the second installation plate (5), a plurality of sound wave transceivers (12) are installed on the second installation plate (5), the thermal infrared imaging mechanism comprises thermal infrared imagers (1), a first mounting plate (2), two second positioning baffles (4) and guide slide bars (15), the number of the second positioning baffles (4) is two, the two second positioning baffles (4) are both connected with guide rails (11) in a sliding manner, second guide grooves are formed in the second positioning baffles (4), two ends of each guide slide bar (15) are connected with the corresponding second positioning baffle (4) through the corresponding second guide groove, the first mounting plate (2) is connected with the corresponding guide slide bar (15) through center hole positioning, and the thermal infrared imagers (1) are mounted on the first mounting plate (2);
the detection method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing a detection device on a machine tool workbench and fixing, building a workpiece (17) milling module, selecting a three-axis numerical control milling machine, milling a hardened steel die by using a whole hard alloy double-tooth ball-end milling cutter, setting cutting parameters by using a milling track of flow line uphill reverse milling, building a thermal infrared imager (1) shooting module, adjusting the angle of a lens of the thermal infrared imager (1) to shoot a ball-end milling cutter cutting edge, connecting a signal transmission interface of the thermal infrared imager (1) to a control terminal (19), initially shooting parameters, building an acoustic transceiver (12) measuring module, connecting the signal transmission interface of the acoustic transceiver (12) with the acoustic transceiver (12), further connecting the acoustic transceiver to the control terminal (19), and initially measuring the parameters;
step two: adjusting an aperture of a lens of the thermal infrared imager (1), determining a measurement distance according to the focusing range requirement, the optical resolution and the diameter of a black body radiation source target of the thermal infrared imager (1), adjusting the emissivity of the thermal infrared imager (1) until the surface temperature measured by the thermal infrared imager (1) is the same as the surface temperature measured by a contact thermometer, wherein the emissivity is the correct emissivity of a target object, shooting a measured cutter (20) through the thermal infrared imager (1), and measuring the surface temperature of the cutter (20) to obtain an infrared image and a thermal radiation image;
step three: adjusting the sound wave wavelength of the sound wave transceiver (12), selecting the frequency of an ultrasonic oscillator as 5MHz when measuring by adopting a pulse-echo method, adjusting the sound wave emission angle, enabling the sound pulse to irradiate to the measured cutter (20) along the plane of the central axis of the cutter (20), reflecting the sound pulse back from the cutter-cutter interface after passing through the inside of the cutter (20), and emitting and receiving sound wave signals through the sound wave transceiver (12) so as to achieve the purpose of detecting the temperature inside the cutter (20);
step four: the cutting edge part of the cutter (20) is divided into unit grids, a mathematical model of the temperature field inside and outside the cutter (20) is established by utilizing the calibrated radiation characteristic parameter distribution, measuring the central temperature and the boundary temperature of the unit grid by a detection device, fitting the measured data by a least square method to obtain the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter (20), measuring the temperature change of the cutter (20) in continuous interval time to obtain the temperature field characteristics changed in a processing area, carrying out prospective prediction on the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter (20) based on pattern recognition, analyzing the detected data, correcting the obtained mathematical model to obtain a measurement system model, reading and recording measurement data of the thermal infrared imager (1), reading and recording an acoustic transceiver (12), mapping the infrared image to a tetreletb transform domain, and (3) reconstructing the whole temperature field of the tool (20) by using the correlation between the polygon of the area energy and the area pixel and adopting a multi-criterion iterative algorithm image fusion.
2. The detection method of the detection device for the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the number of the acoustic wave transceiver mechanisms is two, and the two acoustic wave transceiver mechanisms are arranged at an included angle of 20-45 degrees.
3. The detection method of the detection device for the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die as claimed in claim 2, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the acoustic transceiver mechanism comprises four acoustic transceivers (12).
4. The detection method of the detection device for the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the rotating table (7) and the mounting base (8) are connected with a workbench of a machine tool (16) through the matching of a pressing retainer ring (9) and a positioning bolt (10).
5. The detection method of the detection device for the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the guide sliding rod (15) and the second positioning baffle (4) are locked in a matched mode through a gasket (13) and a nut (14).
6. The detection method of the detection device for the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the acoustic wave transceivers (12) are all connected with a signal processor (18), the signal processor (18) is connected with a control terminal (19), and the thermal infrared imager (1) is connected with the control terminal (19).
7. The detection method of the detection device for the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die as claimed in claim 6, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the sound wave transceiver (12) respectively receives sound wave signals of a plurality of temperature measuring areas on the cutter (20) and transmits the sound wave signals to a temperature area port (24) on the signal processor (18).
8. The detection method of the detection device for the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die as claimed in claim 7, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the number of the temperature measuring areas is three, the temperature measuring areas are respectively a first temperature measuring area (21), a second temperature measuring area (22) and a third temperature measuring area (23), and the three temperature measuring areas are sequentially arranged along the vertical direction of the cutter (20).
9. The detection method of the detection device for the internal and external temperature fields of the cutter in the milling process of the quenched steel die as claimed in claim 6, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: the signal processor (18) is connected with a control terminal (19) through a bus interface.
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