CN111758991A - Controllable tobacco leaf baking method - Google Patents
Controllable tobacco leaf baking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758991A CN111758991A CN202010401321.8A CN202010401321A CN111758991A CN 111758991 A CN111758991 A CN 111758991A CN 202010401321 A CN202010401321 A CN 202010401321A CN 111758991 A CN111758991 A CN 111758991A
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- baking
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- tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/56—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof provided with illuminating means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/74—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the scene brightness using illuminating means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of tobacco leaf baking, and particularly discloses a controllable tobacco leaf baking method which comprises a baking room, a dryer, a carrier and a plurality of sampling groups uniformly arranged in the baking room, wherein each sampling group comprises a camera and a flash lamp, the camera acquires pictures of tobacco leaves at different stages in the process of controlling the baking of the tobacco leaves, and the pictures are input into an upper computer for analysis, rating, scoring and calculation, so that a total score is finally obtained for reference of a user. The aim of quantifying the baking quality fed back in the tobacco baking process is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tobacco leaf baking, and particularly relates to a controllable tobacco leaf baking method.
Background
Tobacco leaf baking is generally divided into three stages, namely a yellowing stage, a color fixing stage and a stem drying stage. The yellowing stage is an important stage for improving the quality of the tobacco leaves, and the yellowing stage has great changes in appearance and internal chemical composition, and can be summarized into physical changes of water loss and biochemical changes of enzymatic action, so that a certain amount of water is lost, the biochemical changes develop towards the direction of improving the quality of the tobacco leaves, and the yellowing stage plays a favorable role. In the color fixing period, after the tobacco leaves are yellowed to a certain degree, enzyme activities promoting the continuous change of the tobacco leaves in the tobacco leaf tissues must be stopped, so that the biochemical change in the tobacco leaves can be stopped, and the obtained excellent quality of the chemical composition and the appearance is fixed. The stem drying period is the period of removing the moisture from the main veins of the tobacco leaves, and the required environment temperature is higher than the fixation period.
The existing sensory evaluation method for tobacco and tobacco products is mainly used for evaluating finished products, adopts sampling inspection in the detection process to evaluate the luster, harmony, fragrance, miscellaneous gas, irritation and aftertaste, and does not introduce process analysis. One batch of tobacco leaves needs to be baked for about 130 hours, the time is long, and the yield of a single batch is large, so the requirement of the industry on the quality of the tobacco leaves is higher and higher, and further new requirements on process control are provided. In the prior art, parameters such as temperature, humidity and heating time in a curing barn indirectly reflect the curing process and the curing quality thereof, and parameters for directly controlling the quality of tobacco leaves (yellowing period, color fixing period and stem drying period) are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a controllable tobacco leaf baking method, which introduces an image analysis and evaluation method in the baking process, comprehensively controls the baking quality in the baking process, and grades the tobacco leaves in a baking room based on the analysis.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a controllable tobacco leaf baking method, including a baking room, a dryer and a plurality of carriers, the upper and lower sides of the tail of the baking room are connected with an air supply outlet and an air return inlet of the dryer, a circulating air flow circulating up and down is formed in the baking room under the drive of the dryer, each carrier is detachably installed in the baking room, a plurality of areas are uniformly divided in the baking room, a plurality of sampling groups are arranged in the areas, each sampling group includes a camera and a flash lamp, each camera and flash lamp are connected to an upper computer together for uploading data and obtaining instructions, and the method further includes the following steps:
s10, adopting three-stage baking, and dividing a baking period into a yellowing period, a color fixing period and a tendon drying period;
s20, after the yellowing period is finished, driving each camera and each flash lamp to work by the upper computer, obtaining tobacco leaf photos at different positions, dividing the yellow degree of the tobacco leaf into ten color grades A1 according to the light to deep degree, dividing the yellow area of the tobacco leaf into ten proportion grades A2 according to the small to large degree, wherein each color grade A1 corresponds to a score, and each proportion grade A2 corresponds to a score;
s30, after the color fixing period is finished, driving each camera and each flash lamp to work by the upper computer, obtaining tobacco leaf photos at different positions, dividing ten color grades B1 according to the yellow degree of main ribs of tobacco leaves from light to deep, dividing ten curling grades B2 according to the curling degree of edges of the tobacco leaves from flat to bent, wherein each color grade B2 corresponds to a score, and each curling grade B2 corresponds to a score;
s40, after the stem drying period is finished, driving each camera and each flash lamp to work by the upper computer, obtaining tobacco leaf photos at different positions, dividing ten color grades C1 according to the orange degree of tobacco leaves from light to deep, wherein each color grade C1 corresponds to a score;
s50, three weighting coefficients p1, p2 and p3 are configured for the three stages of the yellowing stage, the color fixing stage and the dry stem stage respectively, wherein 1= p1+ p2+ p3, the formula of the tobacco leaf process score is S1= p 1A 1A 2+ p 2B 1B 2+ p 3C 1, the comprehensive score of each sampling group is displayed in a first display area of the upper computer, and the corresponding picture of each sampling group is displayed in a second display area of the upper computer.
As an improvement of the above scheme, in the step S50, a balance coefficient k is introduced, and three sections are divided into three sections according to the size of the product of the color grade a1 and the proportion grade a2 in the yellowing stage, each section corresponds to a different balance coefficient k, and at this time, the formula of the tobacco leaf process score is S2= S1 × k.
As a modification of the above, p1, p2 and p3 are 0.5, 0.3 and 0.2, respectively.
By adopting the scheme, the yellowing stage is considered to be the most important stage of tobacco leaf baking, if the quality of the tobacco leaves in the yellowing stage is better, the quality of the obtained tobacco leaves is not too poor even if small accidents occur in subsequent baking, so that the balance coefficient k is added, and correspondingly, the weight in the yellowing stage is also higher.
As an improvement of the scheme, the camera and the corresponding flash lamp are arranged in a shell at the same time, the shell completely seals the camera and the corresponding flash lamp, the shell is provided with an end cover which can be opened through an electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve is connected with an upper computer, when a user needs to take a picture, the end cover of the shell is opened, and the camera and the flash lamp start to work.
By adopting the scheme, the shell is used for preventing moisture in the curing barn from attaching to the camera, so that the camera is prevented from shooting fuzzy pictures; the end cap is used for temporarily exposing the camera and the flash lamp. The end cover is controlled by the upper computer, and in other time periods, the camera can be used for photographing at any time to obtain pictures.
As an improvement of the scheme, the length of the curing barn is 10m, the width of the curing barn is 3m, the height of the curing barn is 3m, the sampling groups are arranged at two height positions of 60cm and 240cm of the curing barn, and the sampling groups are arranged at three length positions of 1m, 5m and 9m of the curing barn, wherein six sampling groups are arranged in an array.
As a modification of the above scheme, the length of the curing barn is 7m, the width of the curing barn is 2m, the height of the curing barn is 2m, the sampling groups are arranged at two height positions of 40cm and 160cm of the curing barn, and the sampling groups are arranged at two length positions of 1m and 6m of the curing barn, so that four sampling groups are arranged in an array.
By adopting the two schemes, if the size of the curing barn is larger, the circulating air flow in the curing barn is difficult to keep flowing uniformly, so more sampling groups are required to be additionally arranged for comprehensively controlling the condition of the tobacco curing process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the tobacco leaf curing process is controlled quantitatively, the picture uploaded by the camera can be automatically analyzed and scored based on a graphic algorithm, the user is allowed to observe the tobacco leaves in the curing barn through the camera, and the camera can provide enough brightness in the dim curing barn in cooperation with the flashlight.
The yellowing stage, the fixation stage and the stem drying stage are three key stages of tobacco leaf baking, and in the scoring process, because the yellowing stage and the fixation stage have two key parameters (for example, the yellowing stage and the fixation stage are simply divided into a good stage and a bad stage, and four results of a good stage, a bad stage, a good stage and a bad stage exist), the differences between the good stage and the rest three schemes in the yellowing stage and the fixation stage can be properly opened by adopting the modes of A1A 2 and B1B 2 (the corresponding scores of A \ B \ C are all greater than 1), so that the scoring is more reasonable.
The quality of the tobacco leaves can be controlled visually or through a fixed algorithm (as a reference of a user) in a comprehensive way.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a controllable tobacco leaf baking method, which is mainly used for controlling the tobacco leaf quality in the tobacco leaf baking process and relates to improvement of partial equipment and improvement of an algorithm.
First, the relevant equipment is introduced:
the equipment comprises a curing barn, a dryer and a plurality of carriers, wherein the upper side and the lower side of the tail part of the curing barn are connected with an air supply outlet and an air return inlet of the dryer, circulating air flows which circulate up and down are formed in the curing barn under the driving of the dryer, and the carriers are detachably arranged in the curing barn. The baking room is internally and uniformly divided into a plurality of areas, a plurality of sampling groups are arranged in the areas, each sampling group comprises a camera and a flash lamp, and the cameras and the flash lamps are connected with an upper computer together and used for uploading data and acquiring instructions.
The camera and the corresponding flash lamp are arranged in a shell at the same time, the shell completely seals the camera and the corresponding flash lamp, the shell is provided with an end cover which can be opened through an electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve is connected with an upper computer, the end cover of the shell is opened when pictures need to be taken, and the camera and the flash lamp start to work.
In one embodiment, the housing is a cubic housing, the end cap is a rectangular metal plate (replacing the side surface of one side of the housing), the end cap is hinged to the housing, and the flexible end of the solenoid valve is hinged to the end cap, so that the solenoid valve can drive the end cap to open and close. The upper computer adopts a computer, and the computer simultaneously integrates a wireless receiving function and is used for receiving remote instructions. The shell is used for preventing moisture in the curing barn from attaching to the camera and preventing the camera from shooting blurred pictures; the end cap is used for temporarily exposing the camera and the flash lamp. The end cover is controlled by the upper computer, and in other time periods, the camera can be used for photographing at any time to obtain pictures.
In this embodiment, the length of the baking room is 10m, the width of the baking room is 3m, the height of the baking room is 3m, the sampling groups are arranged at two height positions of 60cm and 240cm of the baking room, the sampling groups are arranged at three length positions of 1m, 5m and 9m of the baking room, and at this time, six sampling groups are arranged in an array. In another embodiment, the length of the curing barn is 7m, the width of the curing barn is 2m, the height of the curing barn is 2m, the sampling groups are arranged at two height positions of 40cm and 160cm of the curing barn, and the sampling groups are arranged at two length positions of 1m and 6m of the curing barn, and then four sampling group arrays are arranged.
If the size of the curing barn is larger, the circulating air flow in the curing barn is difficult to keep flowing uniformly, so more sampling groups are required to be additionally arranged for comprehensively controlling the condition of the tobacco curing process.
The following introduces an improvement of the algorithm:
s10, adopting three-stage baking, and dividing a baking period into a yellowing period, a color fixing period and a tendon drying period;
s20, after the yellowing period is finished, driving each camera and each flash lamp to work by the upper computer, obtaining tobacco leaf photos at different positions, dividing the yellow degree of the tobacco leaf into ten color grades A1 according to the light to deep degree, dividing the yellow area of the tobacco leaf into ten proportion grades A2 according to the small to large degree, wherein each color grade A1 corresponds to a score, and each proportion grade A2 corresponds to a score;
s30, after the color fixing period is finished, driving each camera and each flash lamp to work by the upper computer, obtaining tobacco leaf photos at different positions, dividing ten color grades B1 according to the yellow degree of main ribs of tobacco leaves from light to deep, dividing ten curling grades B2 according to the curling degree of edges of the tobacco leaves from flat to bent, wherein each color grade B2 corresponds to a score, and each curling grade B2 corresponds to a score;
s40, after the stem drying period is finished, driving each camera and each flash lamp to work by the upper computer, obtaining tobacco leaf photos at different positions, dividing ten color grades C1 according to the orange degree of tobacco leaves from light to deep, wherein each color grade C1 corresponds to a score;
s50, three weighting coefficients p1, p2 and p3 are configured for the three stages of the yellowing stage, the color fixing stage and the dry stem stage respectively, wherein 1= p1+ p2+ p3, the formula of the tobacco leaf process score is S1= p 1A 1A 2+ p 2B 1B 2+ p 3C 1, the comprehensive score of each sampling group is displayed in a first display area of the upper computer, and the corresponding picture of each sampling group is displayed in a second display area of the upper computer.
Preferably, the step S50 introduces a balance coefficient k, and divides three sections into three sections according to a small to large ratio based on a product of the color grade a1 and the proportion grade a2 of the yellowing stage, where each section corresponds to a different balance coefficient k, and the formula of the tobacco leaf process score at this time is S2= S1 × k. Here, k is in the interval of [0.7-1 ].
Preferably, p1, p2 and p3 are 0.5, 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. Of course, the weights may be adjusted according to the user's mind, with part of the display area of the computer being used for inputting parameters.
By adopting the scheme, the yellowing stage is considered to be the most important stage of tobacco leaf baking, if the quality of the tobacco leaves in the yellowing stage is better, the quality of the obtained tobacco leaves is not too poor even if small accidents occur in subsequent baking, so that the balance coefficient k is added, and correspondingly, the weight in the yellowing stage is also higher.
In this example, the requirement of the yellowing stage is that the leaves are substantially full yellow (at least nine percent or more), and the defects are brown and black; the requirement of the fixation period is that the leaves and the leaf tendons turn yellow, the leaves begin to be hooked and curled, and the defects are leaf turning green, leaf tendon turning green, ash hanging, slice steaming and slice pasting; the requirement of the dry muscle period is that the leaves are orange (i.e. slightly reddish), and the defect is yellow. The above colors and curls are entered into the computer after grading and their scores. The following table is a fractional embodiment in which the values of the various parameters are merely for reference and the user can adjust the values based on the above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the tobacco leaf curing process is controlled quantitatively, the picture uploaded by the camera can be automatically analyzed and scored based on a graphic algorithm, the user is allowed to observe the tobacco leaves in the curing barn through the camera, and the camera can provide enough brightness in the dim curing barn in cooperation with the flashlight.
The yellowing stage, the fixation stage and the stem drying stage are three key stages of tobacco leaf baking, and in the scoring process, because the yellowing stage and the fixation stage have two key parameters (for example, the yellowing stage and the fixation stage are simply divided into a good stage and a bad stage, and four results of a good stage, a bad stage, a good stage and a bad stage exist), the differences between the good stage and the rest three schemes in the yellowing stage and the fixation stage can be properly opened by adopting the modes of A1A 2 and B1B 2 (the corresponding scores of A \ B \ C are all greater than 1), so that the scoring is more reasonable.
In combination, the quality of the tobacco leaves can be controlled either visually or by means of a fixed algorithm (this part of the device is provided as a reference for the user).
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The controllable tobacco leaf baking method is characterized by comprising a baking room, a dryer and a plurality of object carriers, wherein an air supply outlet and an air return inlet of the dryer are connected to the upper side and the lower side of the tail of the baking room, circulating air flows which circulate up and down are formed in the baking room under the driving of the dryer, the object carriers are detachably mounted in the baking room, a plurality of regions are uniformly divided in the baking room, a plurality of sampling groups are arranged in the regions, each sampling group comprises a camera and a flash lamp, and the camera and the flash lamp are connected with an upper computer together for uploading data and acquiring instructions, and the controllable tobacco leaf baking method further comprises the following steps:
s10, adopting three-stage baking, and dividing a baking period into a yellowing period, a color fixing period and a tendon drying period;
s20, after the yellowing period is finished, driving each camera and each flash lamp to work by the upper computer, obtaining tobacco leaf photos at different positions, dividing the yellow degree of the tobacco leaf into ten color grades A1 according to the light to deep degree, dividing the yellow area of the tobacco leaf into ten proportion grades A2 according to the small to large degree, wherein each color grade A1 corresponds to a score, and each proportion grade A2 corresponds to a score;
s30, after the color fixing period is finished, driving each camera and each flash lamp to work by the upper computer, obtaining tobacco leaf photos at different positions, dividing ten color grades B1 according to the yellow degree of main ribs of tobacco leaves from light to deep, dividing ten curling grades B2 according to the curling degree of edges of the tobacco leaves from flat to bent, wherein each color grade B2 corresponds to a score, and each curling grade B2 corresponds to a score;
s40, after the stem drying period is finished, driving each camera and each flash lamp to work by the upper computer, obtaining tobacco leaf photos at different positions, dividing ten color grades C1 according to the orange degree of tobacco leaves from light to deep, wherein each color grade C1 corresponds to a score;
s50, three weighting coefficients p1, p2 and p3 are configured for the three stages of the yellowing stage, the color fixing stage and the dry stem stage respectively, wherein 1= p1+ p2+ p3, the formula of the tobacco leaf process score is S1= p 1A 1A 2+ p 2B 1B 2+ p 3C 1, the comprehensive score of each sampling group is displayed in a first display area of the upper computer, and the corresponding picture of each sampling group is displayed in a second display area of the upper computer.
2. The controllable tobacco flue-curing method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S50, a balance coefficient k is introduced, and three sections are divided into three sections according to the size of the product of the color grade a1 and the proportion grade a2 in the yellowing stage, each section corresponds to a different balance coefficient k, and at this time, the formula of the tobacco leaf process score is S2= S1 × k.
3. The controllable tobacco flue-curing method according to claim 2, wherein: p1, p2 and p3 were 0.5, 0.3 and 0.2, respectively.
4. The controllable tobacco flue-curing method according to claim 3, wherein: the camera and the corresponding flash lamp are arranged in a shell at the same time, the shell completely seals the camera and the corresponding flash lamp, the shell is provided with an end cover which can be opened through an electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve is connected with an upper computer, the end cover of the shell is opened when pictures need to be taken, and the camera and the flash lamp start to work.
5. The controllable tobacco leaf curing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the length of roast room is 10m, the width of roast room is 3m, the height of roast room is 3m, arranges the sampling group at roast room two height position 60cm and 240cm, arranges the sampling group at roast room three length position 1m, 5m and 9m, and six sampling group array arrangements are total at this moment.
6. The controllable tobacco leaf curing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the length of roast room is 7m, the width of roast room is 2m, the height of roast room is 2m, arranges the sampling group at roast room two height position 40cm and 160cm, arranges the sampling group at roast room two length position 1m and 6m, and total four sampling group arrays are arranged this moment.
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