CN111758869A - Instant chrysanthemum powder, preparation method thereof and beverage - Google Patents
Instant chrysanthemum powder, preparation method thereof and beverage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758869A CN111758869A CN202010715937.2A CN202010715937A CN111758869A CN 111758869 A CN111758869 A CN 111758869A CN 202010715937 A CN202010715937 A CN 202010715937A CN 111758869 A CN111758869 A CN 111758869A
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- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 238000003815 supercritical carbon dioxide extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000194 supercritical-fluid extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/385—Concentrates of non-alcoholic beverages
- A23L2/39—Dry compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/30—Encapsulation of particles, e.g. foodstuff additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of beverages and provides instant chrysanthemum powder, a preparation method thereof and a beverage, wherein the preparation method of the instant chrysanthemum powder comprises the following steps: performing primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction on the chrysanthemum, and performing secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to respectively obtain an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract and a water-soluble chrysanthemum extract; removing wax from the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to obtain water-soluble flavor components; taking a water-soluble flavor developing component as a solvent, taking an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract as a core material, and adding a wall material or not adding the wall material for homogenizing and emulsifying treatment to obtain a homogenized liquid; and carrying out spray drying treatment on the homogeneous solution to obtain the instant chrysanthemum powder. The preparation method can effectively avoid the problems of organic solvent residue, long production period, easy oxidation of aroma components and easy damage of heat-sensitive substances in the traditional process, and can greatly improve the utilization rate of the chrysanthemum raw material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of beverages, and particularly relates to instant chrysanthemum powder, a preparation method thereof and a beverage.
Background
The instant chrysanthemum powder is a product prepared from drinking chrysanthemum as a raw material, and has the effects of dispelling wind, clearing heat, clearing liver, improving eyesight, detoxifying and diminishing inflammation and the like. The instant chrysanthemum powder can be directly brewed with water to prepare a beverage, and is convenient to use, so that the instant chrysanthemum powder is popular with people.
However, the traditional preparation method of the instant chrysanthemum powder generally adopts an organic solvent extraction method to extract chrysanthemum, and has the problems of easy residue of organic solvent, long production period, easy oxidation of aroma components, easy damage of heat-sensitive substances and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a preparation method of instant chrysanthemum powder, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the preparation method of the instant chrysanthemum powder comprises the following steps:
taking chrysanthemum, carrying out primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction on the chrysanthemum, and then carrying out secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to respectively obtain an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract and a water-soluble chrysanthemum extract;
carrying out wax removal treatment on the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to obtain water-soluble flavor components;
taking the water-soluble flavor developing component as a solvent, taking the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract as a core material, and adding wall materials or not adding the wall materials for homogenizing and emulsifying treatment to obtain a homogenized liquid;
and carrying out spray drying treatment on the homogeneous solution to obtain the instant chrysanthemum powder.
As a preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, in the step, the extraction pressure of the primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 12.5-20 MPa, and the extraction temperature is 30-45 ℃.
In another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, in the step, the extraction pressure of the secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 25-40 MPa, and the extraction temperature is 40-70 ℃.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, in the step, the method of the wax removal treatment is: stirring and heating the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to 50-70 ℃ to fully liquefy the wax in the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract, then carrying out oil-water separation, and taking the lower-layer water phase to obtain the water-soluble flavor components.
In another preferable embodiment of the present invention, in the step, the mass ratio of the water-soluble taste components, the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract and the wall material is (40-70): 1-30): 5-35 during the homogenization treatment.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wall material is at least one of maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, modified starch, maltose syrup, corn syrup, gelatin and acacia gum.
In another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, in the step, the temperature of the homogenizing and emulsifying treatment is 25-80 ℃, and the homogenizing pressure is 20-50 MPa.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, in the step, the inlet air temperature of the spray drying treatment is 150-240 ℃, and the outlet air temperature is 60-100 ℃.
Another object of the embodiment of the invention is to provide instant chrysanthemum powder prepared by the above preparation method.
Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a beverage containing the instant chrysanthemum powder.
According to the preparation method of the instant chrysanthemum powder, provided by the embodiment of the invention, through a supercritical carbon dioxide gradient extraction mode, the oil-soluble aroma components and the water-soluble flavor components in chrysanthemum can be obtained through one-step extraction, and simultaneously, waxy components which cannot be subjected to microcapsule embedding at the later stage can be removed, so that the full and complete chrysanthemum instant chrysanthemum powder with the flavor can be obtained. In addition, the preparation method of the instant chrysanthemum powder provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively avoid the problems of organic solvent residue, long production period, easy oxidation of aroma components and easy damage of heat-sensitive substances in the traditional process, and can obtain high-quality chrysanthemum powder at a lower temperature and in a shorter production time, thereby extracting water-soluble components of chrysanthemum and obtaining fat-soluble substances of chrysanthemum, and greatly improving the utilization rate of chrysanthemum raw materials.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of instant chrysanthemum powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the chrysanthemum as a raw material, placing the chrysanthemum in a separation kettle, carrying out primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 1h, separating to obtain an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract, carrying out secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 1h, and separating to obtain a water-soluble chrysanthemum extract. Wherein the extraction pressure of the primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 20MPa, and the extraction temperature is 45 ℃; the extraction pressure of the secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 40MPa, and the extraction temperature is 70 ℃.
S2, placing the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 in an oil-water separation tank, stirring and heating to 50 ℃, fully liquefying the wax in the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract, then carrying out oil-water separation, taking the lower-layer water phase, and carrying out wax removal treatment on the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to obtain the water-soluble flavor components.
S3, taking the water-soluble flavor components obtained in the step S2 as a solvent, taking the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 as a core material, and carrying out homogenizing and emulsifying treatment for 1 time under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 20MPa to obtain a homogenized solution. Wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble flavor developing component to the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract in the step is 1: 1.
And S4, performing spray drying treatment on the obtained homogeneous solution to obtain the instant chrysanthemum powder. Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying treatment is 150 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 60 ℃.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of instant chrysanthemum powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the chrysanthemum as a raw material, placing the chrysanthemum in a separation kettle, carrying out primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 4 hours, separating to obtain an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract, carrying out secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 4 hours, and separating to obtain a water-soluble chrysanthemum extract. Wherein the extraction pressure of the primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 12.5MPa, and the extraction temperature is 30 ℃; the extraction pressure of the secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 25MPa, and the extraction temperature is 40 ℃.
S2, placing the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 in an oil-water separation tank, stirring and heating to 70 ℃, fully liquefying the wax in the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract, then carrying out oil-water separation, taking the lower-layer water phase, and carrying out wax removal treatment on the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to obtain the water-soluble flavor components.
S3, taking the water-soluble flavor components obtained in the step S2 as a solvent, taking the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 as a core material and taking maltodextrin as a wall material, and homogenizing and emulsifying for 2 times under the conditions of 80 ℃ and 50MPa to obtain a homogeneous liquid. Wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble flavor developing component to the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract to the wall material in the step is 40:30: 30.
And S4, performing spray drying treatment on the obtained homogeneous solution to obtain the instant chrysanthemum powder. Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying treatment is 240 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 100 ℃.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of instant chrysanthemum powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the chrysanthemum as a raw material, placing the chrysanthemum in a separation kettle, carrying out primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 2 hours, separating to obtain an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract, carrying out secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 3 hours, and separating to obtain a water-soluble chrysanthemum extract. Wherein the extraction pressure of the primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 15MPa, and the extraction temperature is 35 ℃; the extraction pressure of the secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 30MPa, and the extraction temperature is 50 ℃.
S2, placing the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 in an oil-water separation tank, stirring and heating to 60 ℃ to fully liquefy the wax in the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract, then carrying out oil-water separation, taking the lower-layer water phase, and carrying out wax removal treatment on the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to obtain the water-soluble flavor components.
S3, taking the water-soluble flavor components obtained in the step S2 as a solvent, taking the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 as a core material, taking a mixture of cyclodextrin and modified starch as a wall material, and carrying out homogenizing and emulsifying treatment for 3 times under the conditions of 40 ℃ and 40MPa to obtain a homogeneous liquid. Wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble flavor developing component to the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract to the wall material in the step is 70:10: 20.
And S4, performing spray drying treatment on the obtained homogeneous solution to obtain the instant chrysanthemum powder. Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying treatment is 180 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 70 ℃.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of instant chrysanthemum powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the chrysanthemum as a raw material, placing the chrysanthemum in a separation kettle, carrying out primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 3 hours, separating to obtain an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract, carrying out secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 2 hours, and separating to obtain a water-soluble chrysanthemum extract. Wherein the extraction pressure of the primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 15MPa, and the extraction temperature is 40 ℃; the extraction pressure of the secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 35MPa, and the extraction temperature is 60 ℃.
S2, placing the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 in an oil-water separation tank, stirring and heating to 55 ℃, fully liquefying the wax in the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract, then carrying out oil-water separation, taking the lower-layer water phase, and carrying out wax removal treatment on the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to obtain the water-soluble flavor components.
S3, taking the water-soluble flavor components obtained in the step S2 as a solvent, taking the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 as a core material, taking a mixture of maltose syrup, corn syrup and gelatin as a wall material, and homogenizing and emulsifying for 4 times under the conditions of 50 ℃ and 50MPa to obtain a homogeneous liquid. Wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble flavor developing component to the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract to the wall material in the step is 60:5: 35.
And S4, performing spray drying treatment on the obtained homogeneous solution to obtain the instant chrysanthemum powder. Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying treatment is 200 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 80 ℃.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of instant chrysanthemum powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the chrysanthemum as a raw material, placing the chrysanthemum in a separation kettle, carrying out primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 3 hours, separating to obtain an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract, carrying out secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 3 hours, and separating to obtain a water-soluble chrysanthemum extract. Wherein the extraction pressure of the primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 18MPa, and the extraction temperature is 35 ℃; the extraction pressure of the secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 30MPa, and the extraction temperature is 55 ℃.
S2, placing the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 in an oil-water separation tank, stirring and heating to 65 ℃, fully liquefying the wax in the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract, then carrying out oil-water separation, taking the lower-layer water phase, and carrying out wax removal treatment on the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to obtain the water-soluble flavor components.
S3, taking the water-soluble flavor components obtained in the step S2 as a solvent, taking the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 as a core material and taking Arabic gum as a wall material, and homogenizing and emulsifying for 5 times under the conditions of 60 ℃ and 30MPa to obtain a homogeneous liquid. Wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble flavor developing component to the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract to the wall material in the step is 50:30: 20.
And S4, performing spray drying treatment on the obtained homogeneous solution to obtain the instant chrysanthemum powder. Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying treatment is 220 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 90 ℃.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method of instant chrysanthemum powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the chrysanthemum as a raw material, placing the chrysanthemum in a separation kettle, carrying out primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 3 hours, separating to obtain an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract, carrying out secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for 3 hours, and separating to obtain a water-soluble chrysanthemum extract. Wherein the extraction pressure of the primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 15MPa, and the extraction temperature is 38 ℃; the extraction pressure of the secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 32MPa, and the extraction temperature is 55 ℃.
S2, placing the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 in an oil-water separation tank, stirring and heating to 60 ℃ to fully liquefy the wax in the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract, then carrying out oil-water separation, taking the lower-layer water phase, and carrying out wax removal treatment on the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to obtain the water-soluble flavor components.
S3, taking the water-soluble flavor development component obtained in the step S2 as a solvent, taking the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained in the step S1 as a core material, taking a mixture of maltodextrin and Arabic gum as a wall material, and homogenizing and emulsifying for 3 times under the conditions of 50 ℃ and 30MPa to obtain a homogeneous liquid. Wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble flavor developing component to the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract to the wall material in the step is 70:20: 10.
And S4, performing spray drying treatment on the obtained homogeneous solution to obtain the instant chrysanthemum powder. Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying treatment is 190 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 75 ℃.
The preparation method provided by the embodiment has a short period, can retain oil-soluble aroma components and water-soluble flavor components in chrysanthemum, so that the aroma, the taste and the richness of the instant chrysanthemum powder can be increased, the prepared instant chrysanthemum powder has no organic solvent residue, is convenient to use, and can be directly dissolved by adding water to obtain a drinkable clear and transparent drink.
The oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract, the water-soluble flavor components and the wax components separated by the wax removal treatment obtained in the above example 6 were subjected to sensory evaluation by a professional odorizer, the oil-soluble components and the wax were subjected to a hot-smelling method, the water-soluble components were subjected to a hot-smelling and tasting method, and the evaluation results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
In the preparation process of the chrysanthemum powder, a wall material needs to be dissolved in a water phase, and a water-phase aroma component obtained by supercritical extraction is used as water for dissolving the wall material, so that the wall material can be dissolved, and the chrysanthemum component can be fully utilized, so that the aroma and the taste of the final chrysanthemum powder are closer to those of the existing pickled chrysanthemum. The sensory evaluation of the chrysanthemum powder prepared without adding the water-soluble flavor components, the chrysanthemum powder prepared by adding the water-soluble flavor components and the freshly brewed chrysanthemum water was performed by a professional incense evaluation specialist, and the evaluation results are shown in table 2, and it is generally considered that the chrysanthemum powder added with the water-soluble components is closer to the freshly brewed chrysanthemum.
TABLE 2
The results of GC-MS analysis of the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract and the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract obtained by supercritical extraction in example 6, and comparison of the selected components with higher content are shown in Table 3, and it can be seen that the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract contains mainly terpenes and oxygen-containing compounds thereof, and small amounts of alcohols, esters, ketones and aldehydes. The water soluble flos Chrysanthemi extract is mainly alcohol and ester, and contains very little terpene substances. The method is basically consistent with sensory evaluation results, and the alcohols and esters of the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract have a relatively large effect on the completeness of chrysanthemum aroma.
TABLE 3
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the instant chrysanthemum powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking chrysanthemum, carrying out primary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction on the chrysanthemum, and then carrying out secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to respectively obtain an oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract and a water-soluble chrysanthemum extract;
carrying out wax removal treatment on the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to obtain water-soluble flavor components;
taking the water-soluble flavor developing component as a solvent, taking the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract as a core material, and adding wall materials or not adding the wall materials for homogenizing and emulsifying treatment to obtain a homogenized liquid;
and carrying out spray drying treatment on the homogeneous solution to obtain the instant chrysanthemum powder.
2. The method for preparing instant chrysanthemum powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step, the extraction pressure of the first supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 12.5 to 20MPa, and the extraction temperature is 30 to 45 ℃.
3. The method for preparing instant chrysanthemum powder according to claim 2, wherein in the step, the extraction pressure of the secondary supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is 25 to 40MPa, and the extraction temperature is 40 to 70 ℃.
4. The method for preparing instant chrysanthemum powder according to claim 1, wherein the dewaxing process in the step is as follows: stirring and heating the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract to 50-70 ℃ to fully liquefy the wax in the water-soluble chrysanthemum extract, then carrying out oil-water separation, and taking the lower-layer water phase to obtain the water-soluble flavor components.
5. The method for preparing instant chrysanthemum powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble flavor component, the oil-soluble chrysanthemum extract and the wall material is (40-70): 1-30): 5-35 during the homogenization treatment.
6. The method for preparing instant chrysanthemum powder according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the wall material is at least one of maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, modified starch, maltose syrup, corn syrup, gelatin and acacia gum.
7. The method for preparing instant chrysanthemum powder according to claim 1 or 5, wherein in the step, the temperature of the homogenizing and emulsifying treatment is 25-80 ℃, and the homogenizing pressure is 20-50 MPa.
8. The preparation method of the instant chrysanthemum powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step, the air inlet temperature of the spray drying treatment is 150-240 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 60-100 ℃.
9. Instant chrysanthemum powder prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A beverage comprising the instant chrysanthemum powder of claim 9.
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