CN111758824B - Preparation device and preparation method of platycodon grandiflorum green tea - Google Patents
Preparation device and preparation method of platycodon grandiflorum green tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758824B CN111758824B CN202010710839.XA CN202010710839A CN111758824B CN 111758824 B CN111758824 B CN 111758824B CN 202010710839 A CN202010710839 A CN 202010710839A CN 111758824 B CN111758824 B CN 111758824B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation device and a preparation method of platycodon root green tea, comprising a base and a porous roller arranged above the base, wherein a power assembly for driving the porous roller to rotate is arranged on the base, a heating mechanism for heating the porous roller is arranged on the base, a telescopic self-control mechanism for kneading and crushing is arranged on the base, penetrates through the central axis of the porous roller, and is contracted inwards and independent relative to the porous roller, the power assembly drives the porous roller to rotate independently to realize mechanical friction, the telescopic self-control mechanism stretches outwards and rotates relative to the porous roller, and the telescopic self-control mechanism works together with the heating mechanism to carry out integrated evaporation of water and mechanical kneading; the scheme reduces the material transfer time consumption, and simultaneously can save the use and the occupied area of mechanical equipment, thereby simplifying the preparation process of the platycodon root and baical skullcap root tea and improving the preparation production effect.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of green tea preparation, in particular to a preparation device and a preparation method of platycodon grandiflorum green tea.
Background
Radix Platycodi, alias bundle flower, small bell flower, and mitral flower, perennial herb, has effects of relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, dispersing lung qi, expelling pus, and detumescence, is used for traditional Chinese medicine, and also can be widely used as food, and is distributed across the country. At present, scholars at home and abroad have more researches on the root of platycodon grandiflorum, and have less reports on the research on platycodon grandiflorum leaves. Because of the traditional habit of people, the study and utilization of the root of platycodon grandiflorum are focused, and most of the leaves of platycodon grandiflorum are not utilized and discarded.
It is found that the total phenol content 32.94 (mg/g dry weight) and flavonoid content 79.6351 (mg/g dry weight) in green tea of platycodon grandiflorum are much higher than that of platycodon grandiflorum root slices 5.2877 (mg/g dry weight) and 5.0874 (mg/g dry weight). Development and utilization research of platycodon grandiflorum leaves are very important for improving planting benefits of platycodon grandiflorum, changing waste into valuable and protecting environment.
The existing preparation steps of the platycodon grandiflorum green tea are mostly divided into: picking, spreading and airing, fixation, rolling, baking and other steps, the existing platycodon grandiflorum green tea preparation device sets an independent machine for each step, a shaking dust removing mechanism, a fixation mechanism, a mechanical rolling mechanism and a baking mechanism are independently operated, the corresponding mechanical structure of each step is used for continuously transferring materials back and forth from the mechanical structures, the preparation process is complex, the dust removing effect is poor, other impurities are easy to be stained in the transferring process, the occupied area of the devices is large, the cost requirement of mechanical equipment is high, and the manpower requirement is also high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation device and a preparation method of platycodon grandiflorum green tea, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the preparation process is complex, the dust removal effect is poor, the occupied area of a plurality of devices is large, the cost requirement of mechanical equipment is high, and the manpower requirement is also high.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
the preparation device of the platycodon root green tea comprises a base and a porous roller arranged above the base, wherein a power assembly for driving the porous roller to rotate is arranged on the base, a heating mechanism for heating the porous roller is arranged on the base, and a telescopic automatic control mechanism for kneading and crushing is arranged on the base through the central axis of the porous roller;
the telescopic automatic control mechanism is contracted inwards and is independent of the porous roller relatively, the power assembly drives the porous roller to rotate independently to realize mechanical friction, the telescopic automatic control mechanism extends outwards and rotates relatively to the porous roller, and the telescopic automatic control mechanism and the heating mechanism work together to perform integrated evaporation of water and mechanical rolling.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the porous roller comprises a cylindrical mesh screen cylinder and a plurality of reinforcing spokes horizontally distributed along the periphery of the cylindrical mesh screen cylinder, two ends of the cylindrical mesh screen cylinder are provided with fixed sealing plates, the periphery of the central position of the cylindrical mesh screen cylinder is provided with a sealing ring, a plurality of evenly distributed tooth grooves are arranged on the sealing ring, and the power assembly drives the cylindrical mesh screen cylinder to rotate through meshing of a gear and the tooth grooves.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the telescopic self-control mechanism comprises a main rod distributed along the central axis of the cylindrical mesh screen drum, and a plurality of telescopic expansion plates uniformly arranged on the periphery of the main rod, wherein the side edges of two adjacent telescopic expansion plates are connected through a curtain, a plurality of uniformly distributed fan-shaped kneading plates are fixedly arranged on each telescopic expansion plate, small-diameter fan-shaped plates are respectively hinged at two ends of each telescopic expansion plate, a limiting clamping groove is arranged on the main rod at the position opposite to each small-diameter fan-shaped plate, balls moving inside and outside along the limiting clamping grooves are arranged at the inner end of each small-diameter fan-shaped plate, pushing air cylinders corresponding to the positions of the small-diameter fan-shaped plates are fixedly arranged at two ends of the main rod, and the tail ends of the telescopic shafts of the pushing air cylinders are hinged on the surfaces of the small-diameter fan-shaped plates and change the distance between each telescopic expansion plate and the outer surfaces of the main rod by pushing the small-diameter fan-shaped plates to move inside and outside the limiting clamping grooves.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the central position of the fixed sealing plate is provided with a circular hole groove for the telescopic display board to pass through, and the base is provided with a position control side plate for supporting the main rod and keeping the main rod at the central position of the circular hole groove.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the outer end of the small-diameter sector plate is provided with an extruding plate which rotates synchronously with the small-diameter sector plate, and the surface of the telescopic display plate is provided with an arc cover plate which has the same rotating track as the extruding plate.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, smooth convex rings are arranged on the outer surfaces of all the telescopic display boards, inward sinking grooves corresponding to the smooth convex rings are arranged on the hole walls of the circular hole grooves, annular clamping plates used for limiting the telescopic display boards to vertically shrink and stretch are fixedly arranged on the main rod, the small-diameter fan-shaped plates are pulled outwards to expand the telescopic display boards until the smooth convex rings are inserted into the inward sinking grooves, the telescopic display boards and the cylindrical mesh screen barrel realize relative rotation, and the fan-shaped rubbing plates mechanically rub platycodon leaves synchronously rotating along the wall of the cylindrical mesh screen barrel.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the side surface of the fan-shaped kneading plate parallel to the surface of the cylindrical net screen cylinder is smooth, and friction protrusions are arranged on the side surface of the fan-shaped kneading plate perpendicular to the surface of the cylindrical net screen cylinder.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a plurality of springs which are uniformly distributed are arranged between the inner surface of each telescopic display board and the main rod positioned in the cylindrical mesh screen cylinder, the stress state of the springs is changed by changing the distance between the telescopic display board and the outer surface of the main rod, and the minimum distance between all the telescopic display boards and the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh screen cylinder is 8-10 mm.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing platycodon root green tea, which comprises the following steps:
step 100, adding spread platycodon grandiflorum leaf raw materials into a porous roller, closing an inlet of the porous roller, starting the porous roller to rotate, opening a dry heat steam heating device to quickly raise the leaf temperature to the temperature required by enzyme deactivation, and simultaneously opening a moisture removing device;
step 200, starting a telescopic automatic control mechanism to extend the fan-shaped kneading plate after the porous roller rotates to a set time, and reducing the distance between the fan-shaped kneading plate and the inner surface of the porous roller to knead the platycodon grandiflorum leaves;
step 300, starting a heating mechanism to preheat the porous roller and evaporating green gas of the platycodon grandiflorum leaves;
400, after the balloon flower leaves are observed to be rolled into a rolled strip shape, the telescopic automatic control mechanism is contracted to pause the rolling operation, and the heating mechanism continues to operate to bake and shape;
the platycodon grandiflorum leaves are rolled to be in a rolled shape, and a template is not required to be additionally arranged on the fan-shaped kneading plate.
Step 500, after baking and shaping to set time, adjusting the temperature and baking to obtain a finished product of the platycodon root green tea;
and 600, recording the influence factors of the steps 100 to 500 in real time, counting the influence of the influence factors on the quality of the finished product of the platycodon green tea, and determining a regression equation between the quality of the finished product of the platycodon green tea and the influence factors.
As a preferable solution of the present invention, in steps 200 to 400, the step of controlling the vertical extension and retraction of the fan-shaped kneading board by the telescopic self-control mechanism specifically includes:
the small-diameter sector plate hinged with the sector kneading plate is outwards stretched by taking the contracted state of the sector kneading plate as an original state, the vertical height of the small-diameter sector plate is continuously increased, and the telescopic automatic control mechanism is outwards supported;
the fan-shaped kneading plates synchronously extend outwards along with the telescopic automatic control mechanism, so that the distance between the fan-shaped kneading plates and the inner surface of the porous roller is reduced;
the porous roller continuously rotates, the platycodon leaves rotate along the wall of the porous roller, and the fan-shaped kneading plate kneads the platycodon leaves;
the small-diameter sector plate hinged with the sector kneading plate is contracted outwards, the vertical height of the small-diameter sector plate is continuously reduced, and the telescopic self-control mechanism is pulled inwards to support the telescopic self-control mechanism;
the fan-shaped kneading plates synchronously retract and reset inwards along with the telescopic automatic control mechanism, the distance between the fan-shaped kneading plates and the inner surface of the porous roller is increased, and the twisting work of the platycodon leaves is stopped.
Embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:
according to the invention, shaking dust removal, fixation, mechanical rolling and heating baking process equipment are integrated, so that the production and preparation speed can be improved, the material transfer time consumption can be reduced, and meanwhile, the use and the occupied area of the mechanical equipment can be saved, thereby simplifying the preparation process of the platycodon root green tea and improving the preparation and production effects.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are exemplary only and that other implementations can be obtained from the extensions of the drawings provided without inventive effort.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the present specification are shown only for the purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, so that any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments of sizes, which do not affect the efficacy or the achievement of the present invention, should fall within the ambit of the technical disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall side view of a manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of a telescopic self-control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a contracted state of a retractable panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a telescopic panel according to an embodiment of the present invention in an extended state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a contracted state of a retractable panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a telescopic panel according to an embodiment of the present invention in an extended state;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of a circular clamping plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a spring mounting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a base; 2-a porous roller; 3-a heating mechanism; 4-a telescopic self-control mechanism; 5-a circular hole groove; 6, a position control side plate; 7-smooth raised rings; 8-an inward sinking groove; 9-a ring-shaped clamping plate; 10-friction protrusions; 11-a spring;
201-a cylindrical mesh screen drum; 202-reinforcing spokes; 203-fixing a sealing plate; 204-a sealing ring; 205-tooth slot;
401-a main lever; 402-telescoping display panels; 403-curtain; 404-a fan-shaped kneading plate; 405-small diameter sector plates; 406-a limit clamping groove; 407-balls; 408-pushing the cylinder; 409-arcuate cover plate; 410-squeeze plate.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, by way of illustration, is to be read in connection with certain specific embodiments, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a preparation device for platycodon grandiflorum green tea, which integrates shaking dust removal, fixation, mechanical rolling and heating baking process equipment, so that the production and preparation speed can be improved, the material transfer time consumption can be reduced, and meanwhile, the use and the occupied area of the mechanical equipment can be saved, thereby simplifying the preparation process of platycodon grandiflorum green tea and improving the preparation and production effects.
According to the measurement of medicinal components of the green tea and the root slices of the platycodon grandiflorum, the total phenol content 32.94 (mg/g dry weight) and the flavonoid content 79.6351 (mg/g dry weight) in the platycodon grandiflorum leaf tea are far higher than the total phenol content 5.2877 (mg/g dry weight) and the flavonoid content 5.0874 (mg/g dry weight) of the root slices of the platycodon grandiflorum, so that development and utilization research of the platycodon grandiflorum leaves is carried out, and the method is very important for improving the planting benefit of the platycodon grandiflorum, changing waste into valuables and protecting the environment.
The device specifically comprises a base 1 and a porous roller 2 arranged above the base 1, wherein a power assembly for driving the porous roller 2 to rotate is arranged on the base 1, a heating mechanism 3 for heating the porous roller 2 is arranged on the base 1, and a telescopic self-control mechanism 4 for kneading and crushing is arranged on the central axis passing through the porous roller 2.
Before the material (platycodon leaves) is added into the porous roller 2, the material (platycodon leaves) is dried at a ventilated drying place without direct sunlight by spreading and airing, the moisture is reduced to about 65%, then the material (platycodon leaves) is added into the porous roller 2, wherein a power component drives the porous roller 2 to rotate, the material (platycodon leaves) rotates in the porous roller 2 to remove dust, a dry heat steam heating device is opened to quickly raise the leaf temperature to about 260 ℃, and a moisture removing device is opened to complete the de-enzyming operation;
and the materials (platycodon grandiflorum leaves) are mechanically rubbed on the surface of the porous roller 2, so that leaf cells are damaged, and fragrance of platycodon grandiflorum green tea during brewing can be induced.
The telescopic self-control mechanism 4 works with the rotary porous roller 2, and the surface of the material (platycodon grandiflorum leaves) is broken and formed into a rolled shape in a machine rolling mode, so that the material is easy to dissolve in tea soup during brewing, and the leaching rate is improved.
The heating mechanism 3 heats and cures the materials (platycodon leaves) to evaporate redundant water, thereby realizing the functions of shaping and producing fragrance.
Therefore, in the embodiment, four steps are integrated in the porous roller 2, so that the steps of transferring materials are reduced, the production and preparation efficiency is improved, the materials are prevented from being polluted by dust in the transferring process, meanwhile, the use of mechanical equipment is reduced, and the occupied space of the mechanical equipment is reduced.
The basic working procedures of the power assembly, the telescopic self-control mechanism 4 and the heating mechanism 3 are as follows:
the first step, the telescopic self-control mechanism 4 is contracted inwards and is independent relative to the porous roller 2, and the power assembly drives the porous roller 2 to rotate independently to realize mechanical friction;
the second step, the telescopic automatic control mechanism 4 extends outwards and rotates relative to the porous roller 2, and mechanically kneads materials (platycodon leaves) in the porous roller 2;
and thirdly, the telescopic self-control mechanism 4 is contracted inwards, and the heating mechanism 3 evaporates the water in the kneaded material.
The structure and principle of the power assembly for realizing mechanical friction are as follows: the porous roller 2 comprises a cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 and a plurality of reinforcing spokes 202 horizontally distributed along the periphery of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, wherein fixed sealing plates 203 are arranged at two ends of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, a sealing ring 204 is arranged on the periphery of the central position of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, a plurality of evenly distributed tooth grooves 205 are formed in the sealing ring 204, and the power assembly drives the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 to rotate through meshing of gears and the tooth grooves 205.
The surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 is provided with a large number of screening pores, so that the bearing capacity of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 is relatively weak, the reinforcing spokes 202 can achieve the effect of increasing the overall stability of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, the power component drives the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 to rotate through the meshing of the gears and the tooth grooves 205 in the center of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, and therefore materials (platycodon leaves) can synchronously rotate along with the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, dust removal can be achieved in the rotating process, and on the other hand, the materials mechanically rub with the screening pores on the surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, so that leaf cells are damaged, tea polyphenols are enzymatically oxidized, aroma is induced, and the special fragrant and high-flavor alcohol quality of platycodon green tea is formed.
Therefore, the power assembly drives the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 to rotate, namely the operations of dedusting and shaking for exciting aroma for preparing the platycodon root green tea are realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the telescopic self-control mechanism 4 realizes the structure and principle of crushing the surface of the material as follows: the telescopic self-control mechanism 4 comprises a main rod 401 distributed along the central axis of the cylindrical screen drum 201, and a plurality of telescopic display boards 402 uniformly arranged on the periphery of the main rod 401, wherein two adjacent sides of the telescopic display boards 402 are connected through a curtain 403, when the diameter of the telescopic display boards 402 is increased, the curtain 403 compensates the increased surface area, and all the telescopic display boards 402 are uniformly connected.
As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, a plurality of evenly distributed fan-shaped kneading boards 404 are fixedly arranged on each telescopic display board 402, two ends of each telescopic display board 402 are respectively hinged with a small-diameter fan-shaped board 405, a limiting clamping groove 406 is arranged on the main rod 401 opposite to each small-diameter fan-shaped board 405, and a ball 407 moving along the inside and outside of the limiting clamping groove 406 is arranged at the inner end of each small-diameter fan-shaped board 405.
The two ends of the main rod 401 are fixedly provided with pushing air cylinders 408 corresponding to the small-diameter sector plates 405 in position, the tail ends of telescopic shafts of the pushing air cylinders 408 are hinged to the surfaces of the small-diameter sector plates 405, and the pushing air cylinders 408 change the distance between the telescopic expansion plates 402 and the outer surfaces of the main rod 401 by pushing the small-diameter sector plates 405 to move inside and outside the limiting clamping grooves 406.
When the mechanical friction is realized by the whole power assembly of the preparation device, all pushing cylinders 408 synchronously push the small-diameter sector plates 405 inwards, the outer ends of the small-diameter sector plates 405 rotate around the hinge points, the inner ends of the small-diameter sector plates 405 move inwards in the limiting clamping grooves 406 through the balls 407, the included angle between the small-diameter sector plates 405 and the central axis of the main rod 401 is gradually reduced, at the moment, the vertical distance between the telescopic expansion plates 402 and the outer surface of the main rod 401 is gradually reduced, all the telescopic expansion plates 402 integrally shrink inwards, and the fan-shaped kneading plates 404 are gradually far away from the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, when the telescopic self-control mechanism 4 realizes the surface crushing of the material, all pushing cylinders 408 synchronously pull the small-diameter sector plates 405 outwards, the outer ends of the small-diameter sector plates 405 relatively reversely rotate around the hinge points, the inner ends of the small-diameter sector plates 405 outwards move in the limiting clamping grooves 406 through the balls 407, the included angles between the small-diameter sector plates 405 and the central axis of the main rod 401 gradually become larger, at the moment, the vertical distance between the telescopic expansion plates 402 and the outer surface of the main rod 401 gradually becomes larger, all the telescopic expansion plates 402 integrally extend outwards, the sector rubbing plates 404 gradually approach the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, and the relative movement between the sector rubbing plates 404 and the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 realizes the rubbing of the material.
According to the above, when the whole preparation device utilizes the power assembly to realize mechanical friction, the main rod 401 and the telescopic display plate 402 outside the main rod 401 are not in contact with the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, so the central position of the fixed sealing plate 203 is provided with the circular hole slot 5 for the telescopic display plate 402 to pass through, the base 1 is provided with the position control side plate 6 for supporting the main rod 401 and keeping the main rod 401 at the central position of the circular hole slot 5, and the telescopic automatic control mechanism 4 is kept in a relatively independent state with the porous drum 2 when being contracted inwards.
The outer end of the small-diameter sector plate 405 is provided with a squeezing plate 410 which rotates synchronously with the small-diameter sector plate 405, and the surface of the telescopic display plate 402 is provided with an arc cover plate 409 which has the same rotation track as the squeezing plate 410.
The outer end of the small-diameter sector plate 405 will rotate forward or backward around the hinge point of the small-diameter sector plate with the telescopic expansion plate 402, and when the small-diameter sector plate 405 rotates, the extruding plate 410 rotates reversely along the arc-shaped cover plate 409, so that the stability of the small-diameter sector plate 405 in forward and backward rotation is improved, and the supporting force of the small-diameter sector plate 405 on the telescopic expansion plate 402 is also increased.
When the small-diameter fan-shaped plate 405 rotates to the minimum included angle with the central axis of the main rod 401, the balls 407 at the inner end of the small-diameter fan-shaped plate 405 are positioned at the innermost end of the limiting clamping groove 406, in the process, all the telescopic expansion plates 402 are close to the main rod 401 and shrink, the outer surfaces of all the telescopic expansion plates 402 are gradually far away from the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, and at the moment, the materials cannot be rubbed.
When the small-diameter sector plate 405 rotates to a maximum included angle with the central axis of the main rod 401, namely 90 degrees, the balls 407 at the inner end of the small-diameter sector plate 405 are positioned at the outermost end of the limiting clamping groove 406, the extruding plate 410 is perpendicular to the main rod 401, in the process, all the telescopic expansion plates 402 extend outwards of the main rod 401, and the outer surfaces of all the telescopic expansion plates 402 are gradually close to the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, so that kneading of materials is realized.
As shown in fig. 7, in order to increase the cyclic expansion and contraction stability of the telescopic expansion board 402, the main rod 401 of the present embodiment is fixedly provided with an annular clamping plate 9 for limiting the vertical expansion and contraction of the telescopic expansion board 402, and the telescopic shaft of the pushing cylinder 408 passes through the annular clamping plate 9 and is hinged with the small-diameter sector plate 405.
Preferably, in order to ensure that even when the telescopic expansion board 402 extends to the maximum, the telescopic expansion board 402 still keeps a static state, so that when the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 rotates, the material on the inner wall of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 can be rubbed, in this embodiment, smooth convex rings 7 are arranged on the outer surface of the telescopic expansion board 402, inner sinking grooves 8 corresponding to the smooth convex rings 7 are arranged on the hole walls of the circular hole grooves 5, the small-diameter fan-shaped board 405 pulls and expands the telescopic expansion board 402 outwards until the smooth convex rings 7 are inserted into the inner sinking grooves 8, and when the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 rotates under the action of a power assembly, the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 does not drive the telescopic expansion board 402 to rotate relative to the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, and the fan-shaped rubbing board 404 mechanically rubs the platycodon leaves synchronously rotating along the cylindrical mesh screen drum wall 201, so that the mechanical rubbing effect is not poorer than that of the existing separate baking device.
In order to increase the mechanical friction effect on the materials when the power component drives the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 to rotate, friction protrusions 10 are arranged on the side surface of the fan-shaped kneading plate 404 perpendicular to the surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 in the embodiment, and in order to avoid the materials from being kneaded when the fan-shaped kneading plate 404 rubs with the surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, the side surface of the fan-shaped kneading plate 404 parallel to the surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 is set to be a smooth surface.
As shown in fig. 8, in order to improve the effect that the small-diameter sector plate 405 drives the expansion board 402 to extend and compress back and forth, and avoid that the expansion board at the middle position cannot extend to a proper position due to the overlong expansion board 402, in this embodiment, a plurality of springs 11 are uniformly distributed between the inner surface of each expansion board 402 and the main rod 401 located inside the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, the stress state of the springs 11 is changed by the change of the distance between the expansion board 402 and the outer surface of the main rod 401,
the springs 11 in this embodiment act to support the center of the telescoping panel 402 and are distributed primarily in the middle of the telescoping panel 402 and are set to a compressed state when the telescoping panel 402 is in a contracted state and to a gradual return state when the telescoping panel 402 is in an expanded state and to a natural state when the telescoping panel 402 is extended to a maximum.
Therefore, when the small-diameter fan-shaped plate 405 drives the expansion board 402 to extend outwards, the spring 11 synchronously realizes the outward force on the expansion board 402 due to the self rebound force, so that the middle position of the expansion board 402 is ensured to extend outwards to a proper position synchronously, that is, the minimum distance between all expansion boards 402 and the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 is 8mm-10mm, and further, the fan-shaped kneading board 404 in the middle position of the expansion board 402 is ensured to realize better mechanical kneading on the platycodon green tea.
After mechanical rolling of the materials (platycodon leaves) is completed, the heating mechanism 3 is controlled to work, heat of the heating mechanism 3 directly acts on the materials (platycodon leaves) through the fine holes of the screen mesh of the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201, a heating and baking process of the materials is achieved, meanwhile, the cylindrical mesh screen drum 201 is driven to continuously rotate by the aid of the power assembly, accordingly, homogenizing baking of the materials (platycodon leaves) can be achieved, and baking effects are poorer than those of existing independent baking devices.
The mechanical friction dust removal and fragrance induction, fixation, mechanical kneading wall breaking, shaping and heating baking device are integrated into a whole, the load and the strength of the mechanical friction power component are not increased, and the functions of high integration level, less equipment use, small occupied space and good dust removal, kneading and baking efficiency are achieved.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of platycodon grandiflorum green tea, which comprises the following steps:
step 100, adding spread platycodon grandiflorum leaf raw materials into a porous roller, closing an inlet of the porous roller, starting the porous roller to rotate, opening a dry heat steam heating device to quickly raise the leaf temperature to the temperature required by enzyme deactivation, and simultaneously opening a moisture removing device;
step 200, starting a telescopic automatic control mechanism to extend the fan-shaped kneading plate after the porous roller rotates to a set time, and reducing the distance between the fan-shaped kneading plate and the inner surface of the porous roller to knead the platycodon grandiflorum leaves;
step 300, starting a heating mechanism to preheat the porous roller and evaporating green gas of the platycodon grandiflorum leaves;
400, after the balloon flower leaves are observed to be rolled into a rolled strip shape, the telescopic automatic control mechanism is contracted to pause the rolling operation, and the heating mechanism continues to operate to bake and shape;
step 500, after baking and shaping to set time, adjusting the temperature and baking to obtain a platycodon root green tea finished product with uniform fragrance;
in the steps 200 to 400, the step of controlling the vertical extension and retraction of the fan-shaped kneading plate by the telescopic self-control mechanism specifically comprises the following steps:
the small-diameter sector plate hinged with the sector kneading plate is outwards stretched by taking the contracted state of the sector kneading plate as an original state, the vertical height of the small-diameter sector plate is continuously increased, and the telescopic automatic control mechanism is outwards supported;
the fan-shaped kneading plates synchronously extend outwards along with the telescopic automatic control mechanism, so that the distance between the fan-shaped kneading plates and the inner surface of the porous roller is reduced;
the porous roller continuously rotates, the platycodon grandiflorum leaves rotate along the wall of the porous roller, and the platycodon grandiflorum leaves are rubbed by the fan-shaped rubbing plate;
the small-diameter sector plate hinged with the sector kneading plate is contracted outwards, the vertical height of the small-diameter sector plate is continuously reduced, and the telescopic self-control mechanism is pulled inwards to support the telescopic self-control mechanism;
the fan-shaped kneading plates synchronously retract and reset inwards along with the telescopic automatic control mechanism, the distance between the fan-shaped kneading plates and the inner surface of the porous roller is increased, and the kneading work of the platycodon leaves is stopped.
The mechanical friction dust removal, fixation, mechanical kneading wall breaking and heating baking process steps of the embodiment are not mutually influenced, are independent and integrated, improve the preparation efficiency of the platycodon green tea, reduce the preparation cost of the platycodon green tea and are suitable for the preparation process of other tea.
And 600, recording the influence factors of the steps 100 to 500 in real time, and counting the quality influence of the influence factors on the finished product of the platycodon green tea so as to optimize the quality of the platycodon green tea.
As is well known, the green tea making process of platycodon grandiflorum generally comprises the following steps: fresh leaf green spreading, enzyme deactivation, rolling, shaping, primary drying, spreading to cool and conditioning, foot drying, and obtaining a finished product of the platycodon root tea,
the steps 100 to 500 correspond to four working steps of spreading, fixation, rolling and drying in sequence, and the influence factors of the four steps on the quality of the platycodon grandiflorum green tea correspond to: the method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out test by adopting a secondary general rotation combination design method in step 600 to obtain factor horizontal codes (the table I is shown below), wherein the fresh leaf green spreading thickness is unified to be 3cm; the fixation time is unified to be 4min; the feeding amount is 7kg each time; the primary baking time is unified to be 30min.
TABLE 1
And performing sensory evaluation on the finished product of the platycodon grandiflorum green tea, wherein the appearance, aroma, soup color, taste and leaf background score of the test tea sample are directly given by a tea professional panel, and the comprehensive score and the endoplasmic score are calculated by using a weighting method of each factor.
The calculation formula is specifically as follows: composite score = 0.25 profile score +0.25 aroma +0.10 soup color score +0.3 flavor score +0.10 leaf base score;
endoplasmic score = 0.25 x aroma +0.10 x soup color fraction +0.3 x taste fraction +0.10 x leaf base fraction.
Carrying out regression statistical analysis on the sample sensory evaluation results of all the test treatment samples through the application software by adopting a secondary general rotation combination design to obtain a sensory evaluation value y and a reference factor x i Total equation of regression between:
test results: the primary and secondary order of influencing the sensory evaluation value y is x 2 (fixation)>x 3 (twisting)>x 4 (drying)>x 1 (spreading green), and sensory evaluation value y and fixation x 2 Knead x 3 Drying x 4 Spreading green x 1 All are positive correlation, and additionally spread green x 1 De-enzyming x 2 Spreading green x 1 And twist x 3 Fixation x 2 And dry x 4 The interaction between the two is remarkable.
At the test factor level of-2 is less than or equal to x i Under the constraint condition of less than or equal to 2 (i=1, 2,3, 4), according to the regression equation (1), respectively corresponding to x 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 Taking the partial derivative and making it equal to zero yields:
solving the equation set to obtain an optimal solution, namely the optimal combination of the reference factors: x is x 1 =0.162 (factor level code in table one corresponds to spread out for 1.1 h), x 2 =0.846 (factor level code in table one corresponds to deactivation 268.5 ℃), x 3 =0.888 (factor level code in table one corresponds to rolling 24.4 min), x 4 = -0.05 (corresponding to the oven drying 79.5 ℃ in the factor level code of table one), the code value of the optimal solution is substituted into equation (1) in sequence to obtain the optimal index value of y: y is max ＝90.445。
In the embodiment, a regression equation between the sensory evaluation value of the platycodon grandiflorum green tea and the reference factors is obtained, and the primary and secondary orders affecting the quality of the tea are determined as follows: fixation, rolling, drying and spreading, and determining the optimal processing technology combination according to a regression equation: spreading for 1.1h, deactivating enzyme at 268.5 ℃, rolling for 24.4min, and drying at 79.5 ℃ to obtain a sensory evaluation value y of 90.445, thereby providing a process technology and a theoretical basis for optimizing the processing of the platycodon grandiflorum green tea.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation device of the platycodon grandiflorum green tea is characterized by comprising a base (1) and a porous roller (2) arranged above the base (1), wherein a power assembly for driving the porous roller (2) to rotate is arranged on the base (1), a heating mechanism (3) for heating the porous roller (2) is arranged on the base (1), and a telescopic automatic control mechanism (4) for kneading and crushing is arranged on the central axis passing through the porous roller (2);
the telescopic automatic control mechanism (4) is contracted inwards and is independent relative to the porous roller (2), the power assembly drives the porous roller (2) to rotate independently to realize mechanical friction, the telescopic automatic control mechanism (4) stretches outwards and rotates relative to the porous roller (2), and the telescopic automatic control mechanism (4) and the heating mechanism (3) work together to perform integrated evaporation of water and mechanical rubbing;
the porous roller (2) comprises a cylindrical mesh screen drum (201) and a plurality of reinforcing spokes (202) horizontally distributed along the periphery of the cylindrical mesh screen drum (201), two ends of the cylindrical mesh screen drum (201) are provided with fixed sealing plates (203), the periphery of the central position of the cylindrical mesh screen drum (201) is provided with a sealing ring (204), a plurality of evenly distributed tooth grooves (205) are formed in the sealing ring (204), and the power assembly drives the cylindrical mesh screen drum (201) to rotate through meshing of gears and the tooth grooves (205);
the telescopic automatic control mechanism (4) comprises a main rod (401) distributed along the central axis of the cylindrical mesh screen drum (201), a plurality of telescopic expansion plates (402) uniformly arranged on the periphery of the main rod (401), two adjacent sides of the telescopic expansion plates (402) are connected through a curtain (403), a plurality of uniformly distributed fan-shaped kneading plates (404) are fixedly arranged on each telescopic expansion plate (402), small-diameter fan-shaped plates (405) are hinged to two ends of each telescopic expansion plate (402), limit clamping grooves (406) are formed in positions, facing each small-diameter fan-shaped plate (405), of the main rod (401), balls (407) moving inside and outside along the limit clamping grooves (406) are formed in the inner ends of the small-diameter fan-shaped plates (405), pushing air cylinders (408) corresponding to the positions of the small-diameter fan-shaped plates (405) are fixedly arranged at two ends of the main rod (401), the tail ends of the telescopic shafts of the pushing air cylinders (408) are hinged to the surfaces of the small-diameter fan-shaped plates (405), and the distance between the small-diameter fan-shaped plates (405) and the small-diameter fan-shaped plates (405) is changed along the inner and outer surfaces of the small-diameter fan-shaped plates (405);
the central position of the fixed sealing plate (203) is provided with a circular hole groove (5) for the telescopic display plate (402) to pass through, and the base (1) is provided with a position control side plate (6) which is used for supporting the main rod (401) and keeping the main rod (401) at the central position of the circular hole groove (5);
the outer end of the small-diameter sector plate (405) is provided with an extruding plate (410) which rotates synchronously with the small-diameter sector plate (405), and the surface of the telescopic display plate (402) is provided with an arc cover plate (409) which has the same rotating track as the extruding plate (410);
the outer surfaces of all the telescopic expansion boards (402) are provided with smooth convex rings (7), the hole walls of the circular hole grooves (5) are provided with inward sinking grooves (8) corresponding to the smooth convex rings (7), the main rod (401) is fixedly provided with annular clamping plates (9) for limiting the telescopic expansion boards (402) to vertically shrink and stretch, the small-diameter fan-shaped plates (405) pull and expand the telescopic expansion boards (402) outwards until the smooth convex rings (7) are inserted into the inward sinking grooves (8), the telescopic expansion boards (402) and the cylindrical net sieve drums (201) realize relative rotation, and the fan-shaped rubbing plates (404) mechanically rub platycodon green tea which synchronously rotates along the cylindrical net sieve drums (201);
the side surface of the fan-shaped kneading plate (404) parallel to the surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum (201) is smooth, and friction protrusions (10) are arranged on the side surface of the fan-shaped kneading plate (404) perpendicular to the surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum (201);
a plurality of uniformly distributed springs (11) are arranged between the inner surface of each telescopic display board (402) and the main rod (401) positioned inside the cylindrical mesh screen drum (201), the stress state of the springs (11) is changed by the distance change between the telescopic display boards (402) and the outer surface of the main rod (401), and the minimum distance between all the telescopic display boards (402) and the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh screen drum (201) is 8-10 mm.
2. A method for preparing platycodon grandiflorum green tea based on the preparation device of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, adding spread platycodon grandiflorum leaf raw materials into a porous roller, closing an inlet of the porous roller, starting the porous roller to rotate, opening a dry heat steam heating device to quickly raise the leaf temperature to the temperature required by enzyme deactivation, and simultaneously opening a moisture removing device;
step 200, starting a telescopic automatic control mechanism to extend the fan-shaped kneading plate after the porous roller rotates to a set time, and reducing the distance between the fan-shaped kneading plate and the inner surface of the porous roller to knead the platycodon grandiflorum leaves;
step 300, starting a heating mechanism to preheat the porous roller and evaporating green gas of the platycodon grandiflorum leaves;
400, after the balloon flower leaves are observed to be rolled into a rolled strip shape, the telescopic automatic control mechanism is contracted to pause the rolling operation, and the heating mechanism continues to operate to bake and shape;
step 500, after baking and shaping to set time, adjusting the temperature and baking to obtain a finished product of the platycodon root green tea;
and 600, recording the influence factors of the steps 100 to 500 in real time, and counting the influence of the influence factors on the quality of the finished product of the platycodon green tea so as to optimize the quality of the finished product of the platycodon green tea.
3. The method for preparing platycodon grandiflorum green tea according to claim 2, wherein in the steps 200 to 400, the step of controlling the fan-shaped kneading plate to vertically extend and retract by the telescopic automatic control mechanism is specifically as follows:
the small-diameter sector plate hinged with the sector kneading plate is outwards stretched by taking the contracted state of the sector kneading plate as an original state, the vertical height of the small-diameter sector plate is continuously increased, and the telescopic automatic control mechanism is outwards supported;
the fan-shaped kneading plates synchronously extend outwards along with the telescopic automatic control mechanism, so that the distance between the fan-shaped kneading plates and the inner surface of the porous roller is reduced;
the porous roller continuously rotates, the platycodon leaves rotate along the wall of the porous roller, and the fan-shaped kneading plate kneads the platycodon leaves;
the small-diameter sector plate hinged with the sector kneading plate is contracted outwards, the vertical height of the small-diameter sector plate is continuously reduced, and the telescopic self-control mechanism is pulled inwards to support the telescopic self-control mechanism;
the fan-shaped kneading plates synchronously retract and reset inwards along with the telescopic automatic control mechanism, the distance between the fan-shaped kneading plates and the inner surface of the porous roller is increased, and the twisting work of the platycodon leaves is stopped.
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| CN107212116A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-09-29 | 贵州茶海大自然茶旅发展有限公司 | A kind of tea Processing method |
| CN108094622A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-01 | 贵定苗岭淘农业科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of campanulaceae leaf tea |
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