CN111755259B - Structure supercapacitor based on graphene/polymer/cement composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Structure supercapacitor based on graphene/polymer/cement composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention relates to a structure supercapacitor based on a graphene/polymer/cement composite material and a preparation method thereof, the structure supercapacitor is a sandwich laminated structure consisting of a structure electrode and a structure electrolyte, the structure electrode is graphene, the structure electrolyte is a polymer-inorganic ion aqueous solution and a hydration product of cement, and the mass of the polymer accounts for 1% -20% of the mass of the cement. Compared with the prior art, the alkaline polymer electrolyte is adopted to replace a liquid electrolyte to serve as a conductive phase, and the structural supercapacitor based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material, which is prepared in the invention, has improved electrical properties and mechanical properties, and can realize energy storage application under special conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy storage and electrochemistry, in particular to a structural supercapacitor based on a graphene/polymer/cement composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Since the 21 st century, people are seeking new energy such as solar energy, wind energy and the like to solve the problems of traditional energy exhaustion and pollution, but the discontinuity and fluctuation of new energy power generation cause the problem of mismatching of energy supply and demand, so that the storage and reasonable utilization of the generated electric energy by the energy storage material are more and more significant. If the energy storage function and the structure bearing function can be combined, the composite material and the structure with the energy storage and structure functions are manufactured, so that the self weight and the volume of the energy storage device can be reduced, and the complexity, the failure rate and the cost of the system are reduced. The structural energy storage material can also be expected to show important application value in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, buildings and the like. The structural energy storage device includes a structural battery, a structural supercapacitor, and a structural dielectric capacitor, the structural supercapacitor having a higher energy density than the structural dielectric capacitor, and it having a higher power density and durability than the structural battery. Thus, the overall performance of a structural supercapacitor is intermediate between that of a structural battery and that of a structural dielectric capacitor.
The trade-off exists between the electrical and mechanical properties of the structural supercapacitor. As mechanical properties increase, electrical properties decrease, and vice versa. Different solutions have been proposed today to overcome these problems. In order to solve the problem, the most extensive method is to prepare a composite material with both mechanical properties and electrical properties. The structural supercapacitor is composed of a structural electrode and a structural electrolyte, and most of the electrode materials used for the structural supercapacitor at present are carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon aerogel. The electrical property of the electrode material is enhanced by adopting the electrode material with high conductivity and large specific surface area. The structural electrolyte has a conductive phase and a structural phase. Wherein the conductive phase provides conductive properties and the structural phase provides mechanical properties. The structural electrolyte needs to have both excellent structural properties and energy storage characteristics. For the electrical and mechanical properties of the structural supercapacitor, polymers or inorganic gelling materials are generally used as the structural phase of the structural electrolyte, such as epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, etc. Inorganic aqueous solutions, ionic liquids or lithium salts are used as the conductive phase, but a change in the ratio of the structural phase to the conductive phase causes a decrease in one of the properties. Therefore, the contradiction between the mechanical properties and the electrical properties of the structural electrolyte has not been completely solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the electrical and mechanical properties of a supercapacitor cannot be improved at the same time, and provides a structural supercapacitor based on a graphene/polymer/cement composite material and a preparation method thereof.
A structure super capacitor based on graphene/polymer/cement composite materials is a sandwich laminated structure composed of structure electrodes and structure electrolytes, wherein the structure electrodes are made of graphene, the structure electrolytes are hydration products of polymer-inorganic ion aqueous solution and cement, and the mass of the polymer accounts for 1% -20% of the mass of the cement.
Preferably, the polymer is selected from water-soluble polymers, and is selected from one of polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacrylic acid or polyacrylamide, more preferably polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 30000-150000, and the alcoholysis degree is 88-99%.
Preferably, the inorganic ion aqueous solution is selected from a KOH solution, a NaOH solution or a LiOH solution, and the mass ratio of the polymer to the inorganic ion aqueous solution is (0.5-2): 1.
the addition of the water-soluble polymer can continuously perform complexing and decomplexing processes with an inorganic ionic water solution to realize ionic conduction, and can also form a bicontinuous phase structure with hardened cement paste to improve the mechanical property of the structural supercapacitor through crosslinking between calcium ions and cement hydration products.
Preferably, the cement is ordinary portland cement.
Preferably, the mass of the polymer represents 3% of the mass of the cement.
A preparation method of a structural supercapacitor based on a graphene/polymer/cement composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a proper amount of ethanol and polytetrafluoroethylene, adding a certain amount of graphene, fully stirring, and putting into an oven until a uniform and sticky substance is obtained;
(2) coating the substance obtained in the step (1) on the foamed nickel by using foamed nickel as a current carrier, pressing the substance with a certain force, and naturally drying the substance to be used as a structural electrode;
(3) adding a certain amount of polymer into distilled water, heating and stirring to obtain a uniform polymer aqueous solution;
(4) adding a certain amount of inorganic ion aqueous solution into the polymer aqueous solution, and stirring at normal temperature to obtain a uniform alkaline polymer aqueous solution;
(5) adding the obtained solution into a certain amount of cement, stirring, and placing into a mold for molding to be used as a structural electrolyte;
(6) the super capacitor with the structure is assembled by adopting a sandwich structure.
Preferably, the inorganic ion aqueous solution in the step (4) is selected from a KOH solution, a NaOH solution or a LiOH solution, and the mass ratio of the polymer to the inorganic ion aqueous solution is (0.5-2): 1.
preferably, the stirring time in the step (1) is 1-3 h, and the temperature of the oven is set to be 40-50 ℃.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the step (3) is 70-80 ℃, and the stirring time is 0.5-1 h.
Preferably, the stirring time in the step (4) is 1-2 h, and the stirring time in the step (5) is 2-3 min.
The mechanism of the present invention is explained in detail below, taking polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide as examples:
the alkaline polymer electrolyte is a mixed aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide. Due to the addition of potassium hydroxide, the crystalline structure of the polyvinyl alcohol is destroyed, and under the action of an electric field, along with the thermal motion of a polyvinyl alcohol chain segment, the polyvinyl alcohol continuously performs complexation and decomplexation with the potassium hydroxide to realize ion conduction. The common Portland cement can generate hydration reaction with water to form a porous material with certain mechanical property, the polymer is added into the cement in a solution form, the polyvinyl alcohol has not only physical action but also chemical action between the hydration process of the cement and hydration products, and the structure and the performance of the polymer cement-based material are influenced through the two actions, and the polyvinyl alcohol and hardened cement slurry can form a bicontinuous phase structure and fill pores among unreacted cement particles. In addition, polyvinyl alcohol also increases the mechanical properties of polymer cement-based materials by crosslinking between calcium ions and cement hydration products. And finally, preparing the supercapacitor with the structure based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material by adopting a sandwich structure.
The gel polymer electrolyte is prepared from polymer gel and an inorganic ion aqueous solution, and compared with a liquid inorganic ion aqueous solution, the gel polymer electrolyte has lower ionic conductivity and liquid retention property; compared with solid electrolyte, it has higher ionic conductivity and certain flexibility. The polymer cement-based material is a composite material consisting of a small amount of polymer and cement, and the water-soluble polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacrylamide, cellulose and the like can fill pores among unreacted cement particles and act with hydration products of the cement to form the polymer cement-based material with good microstructure and mechanical properties, so that the mechanical properties of the polymer cement-based material are greatly improved, and the polymer cement-based material has high bending strength, high tensile strength and high elastic modulus, and the prepared structural supercapacitor simultaneously improves the electrical properties and the mechanical properties of the structural supercapacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
(1) the prepared structural supercapacitor based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material can simultaneously improve the electrical property and the mechanical property of the structural supercapacitor, and the water-soluble polymer not only can increase the mechanical property of a polymer cement-based material through the physical action and the chemical action in the cement hydration process, but also can realize ionic conduction and improve the electrical property through the continuous complexing and decomplexing process with an alkaline inorganic ion aqueous solution.
(2) The invention prepares the structural supercapacitor based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material for the first time, greatly widens the application field of the structural supercapacitor, and is expected to show important application value in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, buildings and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart for the preparation of a structured supercapacitor based on graphene/polymer/cement composite;
figure 2 is an SEM of the structural electrolyte of example 1 and EDS of the corresponding K, Ca element;
FIG. 3 is a cyclic voltammogram of a supercapacitor based on different types of polyvinyl alcohol structures;
FIG. 4 is a graph of specific capacitance of structural supercapacitors based on different types of polyvinyl alcohol;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the strength of structural electrolytes based on different types of polyvinyl alcohol;
FIG. 6 is a comparative multi-functional diagram of examples 1, 2 and 3;
FIG. 7 shows the electrical and mechanical properties of a conventional supercapacitor.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The structure super capacitor based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material is mainly prepared from graphene, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide and ordinary portland cement.
The graphene used by the method is provided by Shanxi coal gasification, and the specification is 5 mu m; polyvinyl alcohol was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biotechnology GmbH; the potassium hydroxide is provided by the chemical reagent company of the national drug group, and the specification is chemical purity; ordinary portland cement is purchased from conch cement, inc, and has a model number of 42.5R.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart for preparing a structural supercapacitor based on graphene/polymer/cement composite material.
Example 1
(1) After mixing 50mL of ethanol and 0.1mL of polytetrafluoroethylene, 80mg of graphene is added, the mixture is fully stirred for 2 hours, and then the mixture is placed in a 45 ℃ oven until a uniform and sticky substance is obtained.
(2) And (2) adopting foamed nickel as a carrier fluid, coating the substance obtained in the step (1) on the foamed nickel, pressing the substance with a certain force, naturally drying the substance, and using the substance as a structural electrode.
(3) 3g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA0388, weight-average molecular weight of about 31000, degree of alcoholysis 88%) was added to 50g of distilled water, heated to 75 ℃ and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a uniform aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution.
(4) 2g of potassium hydroxide was added to the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a uniform aqueous alkaline polymer solution.
(5) Adding the obtained solution into 100g of cement, stirring for 2min, and then placing into a mold for molding to be used as a structural electrolyte.
(6) The super capacitor with the structure is assembled by adopting a sandwich structure.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the structural electrolyte obtained in example 1 and an EDS image of the corresponding K, Ca element. As can be seen from the SEM image, the hardened cement paste exhibited a rough surface and contained many interconnected pores inside. The polyvinyl alcohol is in the shape of a strip and has a smooth surface. The EDS plot of Ca element confirms that the rough part represents hardened cement paste, and the EDS plot of K element also confirms that the smooth surface represents polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol penetrates through the holes of the hardened cement paste and forms a bicontinuous phase structure with the hardened cement paste. From the EDS plot, it is known that KOH is distributed on both the polyvinyl alcohol and the hardened cement paste, but is more densely distributed on the polyvinyl alcohol. This means that polyvinyl alcohol is a good carrier for KOH.
Example 2
(1) After mixing 50mL of ethanol and 0.1mL of polytetrafluoroethylene, 80mg of graphene is added, the mixture is fully stirred for 2 hours, and then the mixture is placed in a 45 ℃ oven until a uniform and sticky substance is obtained.
(2) And (2) adopting foamed nickel as a carrier fluid, coating the substance obtained in the step (1) on the foamed nickel, pressing the substance with a certain force, naturally drying the substance, and using the substance as a structural electrode.
(3) 3g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA1088, weight-average molecular weight: about 67000, degree of alcoholysis: 88%) was added to 50g of distilled water, heated to 75 ℃ and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution.
(4) 2g of potassium hydroxide was added to the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a uniform aqueous alkaline polymer solution.
(5) Adding the obtained solution into 100g of cement, stirring for 2min, and then placing into a mold for molding to be used as a structural electrolyte.
(6) The super capacitor with the structure is assembled by adopting a sandwich structure.
Example 3
(1) After mixing 50mL of ethanol and 0.1mL of polytetrafluoroethylene, 80mg of graphene is added, the mixture is fully stirred for 2 hours, and then the mixture is placed in a 45 ℃ oven until a uniform and sticky substance is obtained.
(2) And (2) adopting foamed nickel as a carrier fluid, coating the substance obtained in the step (1) on the foamed nickel, pressing the substance with a certain force, naturally drying the substance, and using the substance as a structural electrode.
(3) 3g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA1788, weight-average molecular weight of about 145000, alcoholysis degree of 88%) was added to 50g of distilled water, heated to 75 ℃ and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a uniform aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution.
(4) 2g of potassium hydroxide was added to the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a uniform aqueous alkaline polymer solution.
(5) Adding the obtained solution into 100g of cement, stirring for 2min, and then placing into a mold for molding to be used as a structural electrolyte.
(6) The super capacitor with the structure is assembled by adopting a sandwich structure.
Example 4
(1) After mixing 50mL of ethanol and 0.1mL of polytetrafluoroethylene, 80mg of graphene is added, the mixture is fully stirred for 2 hours, and then the mixture is placed in a 45 ℃ oven until a uniform and sticky substance is obtained.
(2) And (2) adopting foamed nickel as a carrier fluid, coating the substance obtained in the step (1) on the foamed nickel, pressing the substance with a certain force, naturally drying the substance, and using the substance as a structural electrode.
(3) 3g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA1795, weight-average molecular weight of about 145000, alcoholysis degree of 95%) was added to 50g of distilled water, heated to 75 ℃ and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a uniform aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution.
(4) 2g of potassium hydroxide was added to the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a uniform aqueous alkaline polymer solution.
(5) Adding the obtained solution into 100g of cement, stirring for 2min, and then placing into a mold for molding to be used as a structural electrolyte.
(6) The super capacitor with the structure is assembled by adopting a sandwich structure.
Example 5
(1) After mixing 50mL of ethanol and 0.1mL of polytetrafluoroethylene, 80mg of graphene is added, the mixture is fully stirred for 2 hours, and then the mixture is placed in a 45 ℃ oven until a uniform and sticky substance is obtained.
(2) And (2) adopting foamed nickel as a carrier fluid, coating the substance obtained in the step (1) on the foamed nickel, pressing the substance with a certain force, naturally drying the substance, and using the substance as a structural electrode.
(3) 3g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA1799, weight-average molecular weight of about 145000, alcoholysis degree of 99%) was added to 50g of distilled water, heated to 75 ℃ and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a uniform polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.
(4) 2g of potassium hydroxide was added to the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a uniform aqueous alkaline polymer solution.
(5) Adding the obtained solution into 100g of cement, stirring for 2min, and then placing into a mold for molding to be used as a structural electrolyte.
(6) The super capacitor with the structure is assembled by adopting a sandwich structure.
The cyclic voltammetry curve, specific capacitance and intensity of the prepared supercapacitor with the structure of the change of the polyvinyl alcohol type are respectively shown in fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5.
Fig. 3 is a cyclic voltammogram of the structured supercapacitors of examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, from which it can be seen that all CV curves appear spindle-shaped without any redox peaks, indicating that no chemical reaction occurs during charging and discharging of the structured supercapacitor, which is a typical electric double layer capacitor, and energy is stored at the interface of the structured electrolyte and the structured electrodes in the form of an electric double layer.
FIG. 4 is a relationship between specific capacitance and polyvinyl alcohol type of the structured supercapacitor obtained in examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and it can be seen that the specific capacitance of the structured supercapacitor shows a decreasing trend with increasing molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol under the same alcoholysis degree. Under the same molecular weight, the specific capacitance of the structural supercapacitor shows a rising trend along with the increase of the alcoholysis degree of polyvinyl alcohol. Under the same alcoholysis degree, the crystalline structure of the polyvinyl alcohol with short chain segments is easier to be damaged by KOH, and under the condition of the same molecular weight, the polyvinyl alcohol with high alcoholysis degree can provide more hydroxyl groups to carry out complexation and decomplexation with the KOH, thereby realizing ion conduction. Compared with the molecular weight, the increase of the alcoholysis degree of the polyvinyl alcohol can greatly improve the specific capacitance of the structural supercapacitor.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the compressive strength of the structural electrolytes of examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and it can be seen that an increase in the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol results in a decrease in the structural electrolyte strength when the degree of alcoholysis is the same. When the molecular weight is the same, an increase in the alcoholysis degree of polyvinyl alcohol can improve the strength thereof because the wettability between polyvinyl alcohol and cement particles decreases when the molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol increases. Polyvinyl alcohol with a high degree of alcoholysis can provide more polar groups which are beneficial for increasing the adhesion between cement and polyvinyl alcohol. Therefore, the polyvinyl alcohol with high alcoholysis degree can not only enhance the electrical performance of the structural supercapacitor, but also improve the mechanical performance of the structural supercapacitor.
FIG. 6 is a comparative plot of the multiple functions of examples 1, 2 and 3, from which it can be seen that the compressive strength and specific capacitance of the structural supercapacitor based on PVA0388 reach relatively large values compared to those based on PVA1088 and PVA 1788. Under the same alcoholysis degree, the reduction of the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol promotes the electrical property and the mechanical property of the structural supercapacitor.
In the existing experiments on the structural supercapacitor, as shown in fig. 7, the electrical property and the mechanical property of the structural electrolyte show a trade-off relationship, and the two properties are difficult to be improved simultaneously. The electric property and the mechanical property of the structural supercapacitor based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material can be simultaneously improved by adjusting the type of the polyvinyl alcohol, and the contradiction between the electric property and the mechanical property of the obtained structural supercapacitor is effectively solved.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A structure super capacitor based on graphene/polymer/cement composite materials is characterized in that the structure super capacitor is a sandwich laminated structure consisting of a structure electrode and a structure electrolyte,
the structural electrode is graphene, the structural electrolyte is a polymer-inorganic ion aqueous solution and a hydration product of cement, and the mass of the polymer accounts for 1% -20% of the mass of the cement;
the polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, the weight-average molecular weight is 30000-150000, the alcoholysis degree is 88-99%, the inorganic ion aqueous solution is selected from KOH solution, NaOH solution or LiOH solution, and the mass ratio of the polymer to the inorganic ion aqueous solution is (0.5-2): 1;
the preparation method of the super capacitor with the structure comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a proper amount of ethanol and polytetrafluoroethylene, adding a certain amount of graphene, fully stirring, and putting into an oven until a uniform and sticky substance is obtained;
(2) coating the substance obtained in the step (1) on the foamed nickel by using foamed nickel as a current carrier, pressing the substance with a certain force, and naturally drying the substance to be used as a structural electrode;
(3) adding a certain amount of polymer into distilled water, heating and stirring to obtain a uniform polymer aqueous solution;
(4) adding a certain amount of inorganic ion aqueous solution into the polymer aqueous solution, and stirring at normal temperature to obtain a uniform alkaline polymer aqueous solution;
(5) adding the obtained alkaline polymer aqueous solution into a certain amount of cement, stirring, and placing into a mold for molding to be used as a structural electrolyte;
(6) the super capacitor with the structure is assembled by adopting a sandwich structure.
2. The graphene/polymer/cement composite based structural supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the cement is ordinary portland cement.
3. The structural supercapacitor based on a graphene/polymer/cement composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass of the polymer is 3% of the mass of the cement.
4. The method for preparing the structural supercapacitor based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing a proper amount of ethanol and polytetrafluoroethylene, adding a certain amount of graphene, fully stirring, and putting into an oven until a uniform and sticky substance is obtained;
(2) coating the substance obtained in the step (1) on the foamed nickel by using foamed nickel as a current carrier, pressing the substance with a certain force, and naturally drying the substance to be used as a structural electrode;
(3) adding a certain amount of polymer into distilled water, heating and stirring to obtain a uniform polymer aqueous solution;
(4) adding a certain amount of inorganic ion aqueous solution into the polymer aqueous solution, and stirring at normal temperature to obtain a uniform alkaline polymer aqueous solution;
(5) adding the obtained alkaline polymer aqueous solution into a certain amount of cement, stirring, and placing into a mold for molding to be used as a structural electrolyte;
(6) the super capacitor with the structure is assembled by adopting a sandwich structure.
5. The method for preparing the structural supercapacitor based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material according to claim 4, wherein the inorganic ion aqueous solution in the step (4) is selected from a KOH solution, a NaOH solution or a LiOH solution, and the mass ratio of the polymer to the inorganic ion aqueous solution is (0.5-2): 1.
6. the preparation method of the structural supercapacitor based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material according to claim 5, wherein the stirring time in the step (1) is 1-3 h, and the oven temperature is set to be 40-50 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the supercapacitor with the structure based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material according to claim 5, wherein the heating temperature in the step (3) is 70-80 ℃, and the stirring time is 0.5-1 h.
8. The preparation method of the supercapacitor with the structure based on the graphene/polymer/cement composite material according to claim 5, wherein the stirring time in the step (4) is 1-2 hours, and the stirring time in the step (5) is 2-3 min.
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