CN111751312B - Indoor air quality monitoring system and method based on light field reconstruction device - Google Patents
Indoor air quality monitoring system and method based on light field reconstruction device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111751312B CN111751312B CN202010831231.2A CN202010831231A CN111751312B CN 111751312 B CN111751312 B CN 111751312B CN 202010831231 A CN202010831231 A CN 202010831231A CN 111751312 B CN111751312 B CN 111751312B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000010444 Acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007950 acidosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026545 acidosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
An indoor air quality monitoring system and method based on a light field reconstruction device comprises a laser source with specific wavelength, a light area multiplier, a gas detection chamber, a converging lens, a rear end detector and a front end detector. The light area multiplier comprises main optical glass, an incident grating is arranged on a light beam incident surface of the main optical glass, and a micro-optical film which enables part of light beams to be emitted from the light beam emergent surface and the other part of the light beams to be reflected back into the light area multiplier is arranged on a light beam emergent surface. The inner side surface of the light beam incident surface of the light area multiplier is a total reflection surface, and the upper side and the lower side of an incident grating on the light beam incident surface are respectively provided with an emergent window hole. Compared with the prior art, the invention reduces the length of the gas detection chamber by increasing the cross section area of the infrared light and the gas so as to reduce the length of the infrared light and the gas. The price of the system is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the light path is very simple, and the openness of the detection chamber can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor environment monitoring, in particular to an indoor air quality monitoring system and method based on a light field reconstruction device.
Background
Along with the increasing living standard of people, the requirements of people on indoor environments are also increasing, and one of the important indexes is the carbon dioxide content of the public indoor space. The carbon dioxide over-standard in the room is the most important pollution factor exceeding formaldehyde and PM2.5, which is especially obvious in public office space. When the carbon dioxide content exceeds the standard, the carbonic acid concentration in blood is increased, the acidity is enhanced, and even acidosis is caused. Good indoor space requires a carbon dioxide content of between 400ppm and 800 ppm; when the carbon dioxide content exceeds 800ppm, people feel tired, and the efficiency is reduced; people feel asthma and headache when the carbon dioxide content exceeds 1200 ppm; when the carbon dioxide content exceeds 2000ppm, the thinking ability of people can be obviously reduced, and the air belongs to a serious pollution range; in extreme environments, if the carbon dioxide content exceeds 5000ppm, severe loss of perception may occur.
The technology mainly used in the current carbon dioxide monitor in the domestic and foreign markets is a non-dispersive infrared method, and the content of carbon dioxide is estimated by measuring the absorption of infrared light (with the wavelength of 4.2 microns in general) in carbon dioxide. In order to ensure adequate functioning of the infrared light with the carbon dioxide gas, a specially designed curved waveguide is required to allow the infrared light to reach the detector accurately after multiple reflections in the waveguide. This puts high demands on the design and choice of materials for the optical device, so that the price of the carbon dioxide monitor is always at a high level and cannot be effectively popularized in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an indoor air quality monitoring system and method based on a light field reconstruction device, wherein the system and method are as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an indoor air quality monitoring system based on a light field reconstruction device, comprising:
the light frequency band emitted by the laser source with the specific wavelength is a frequency band which can be absorbed by a target component in indoor air;
the light area multiplier comprises main optical glass with a selected refractive index, an incident grating capable of deflecting a light beam is arranged on a light beam incident surface of the main optical glass, a micro-optical film capable of enabling a light beam part to be emitted from the light beam emergent surface and the other part of the light beam to be reflected back into the light area multiplier is arranged on a light beam emergent surface, the inner side surface of the light beam incident surface of the light area multiplier is a total reflection surface, and the upper side and the lower side of the incident grating on the light beam incident surface are respectively provided with an emitting hole;
the gas detection chamber comprises an incident window and an emergent window;
the converging lens is arranged corresponding to the emergent window and is used for converging the light beams emergent from the gas detection chamber into one beam of light;
the rear end detector is used for enabling the converged light to enter the rear end detector for photoelectric conversion;
and the front end detector is arranged corresponding to any one of the emergent holes and is used for detecting residual light beams emitted from the light beam incident surface.
Preferably, the gas detection chamber is open, and a mechanical device or a thermal convection device for promoting air flow is arranged outside the gas detection chamber.
Preferably, the light area multiplier employs a light field reconstruction device fabricated by LSI process.
Preferably, the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the laser source with the specific wavelength is 4200 nanometers
The invention provides an indoor air quality monitoring method based on a light field reconstruction device, which comprises the following steps of;
s1, a laser source with a specific wavelength emits a light beam with a set wavelength;
s2, incident light emitted from a laser source is converted into a plurality of parallel light beams by one beam after passing through a light area multiplier to form a parallel light array, so that the multiplication of the sectional area is realized, and the rest light after multiplication is emitted through an emitting hole;
s3, the light beam with multiplied area enters a gas detection chamber through an incident window, and the parallel light array is absorbed by gas to be detected in the chamber to reduce the light intensity;
s4, the indoor light rays are emitted through the emergent window and converged through the converging lens;
s5, the converged light beams enter a rear end detector for photoelectric conversion, the two front end detectors detect residual light beams emitted from the two emergent gratings and perform photoelectric conversion, and the part of the light beams absorbed by carbon dioxide is calculated according to the difference between the incident light intensity and the detected light intensity;
s6, outputting the converted electric signals to an external signal processing system for analysis to obtain the content of carbon dioxide in the air.
Preferably, the process of multiplying the incident light cross-sectional area in the step S2 is:
a. selecting optical glass with a required refractive index as a main body of the optical area multiplier;
b. manufacturing an incidence grating at the incidence position of the light, and deflecting the light beam after passing through the incidence grating;
c. manufacturing a micro-optical structure on the light emergent surface to enable part of light to be emergent, and the other part of light to be reflected back into the photomultiplier; the reflected light is totally reflected on the other surface of the light area multiplier;
d. c, emitting and reflecting the totally reflected light rays in sequence to realize that multiple light beams are emitted on a light ray emitting surface, and multiplying the light beam area;
e. finally, the residual light is emitted out through the emergent grating.
Preferably, in the step d, 5 to 50 light rays are emitted.
Preferably, the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the laser source with the specific wavelength is 4200 nanometers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the indoor air quality monitoring system and method based on the light field reconstruction device, the light area multiplier formed by the micro-optics device is utilized to greatly expand the cross section area of infrared light, the infrared light is fully acted with carbon dioxide gas and then is gathered to the detector end, and the acting length of the infrared light and the gas is reduced by increasing the cross section area of the infrared light and the gas, so that the design length of the gas detection chamber is reduced, and the external size of a product is reduced. The whole system does not need expensive waveguide devices, and micro-optics devices can be manufactured by LSI technology, so that the price of the system can be greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the optical path in the air chamber for sample collection is very simple, and compared with a traditional air quality monitoring system, the openness of the air chamber can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, the circulation of air can be promoted by thermal convection or a mechanical fan, so that the accuracy of the sample is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an indoor air quality monitoring system based on a light field reconstruction device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light area multiplier of the present invention.
In the figure: a laser source 100 of a specific wavelength, a light area multiplier 200, a beam incident surface 210, an incident grating 220, a light emitting surface 230, a micro-optical film 240, an emitting hole 250, a gas detection chamber 300, an incident window 310, an emitting window 320, a converging lens 400, a rear end detector 500, and a front end detector 600.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown.
As shown in fig. 1, an indoor air quality monitoring system based on a light field reconstruction device includes:
a specific wavelength laser source 100, wherein the frequency band of the light emitted by the specific wavelength laser source 100 is the frequency band which can be absorbed by the target component in the indoor air, and the specific wavelength laser source 100 is a laser source for carbon dioxide, and the wavelength is generally 4200 nanometers;
as shown in fig. 2, the optical area multiplier 200 includes a main optical glass with a refractive index selected, a light beam incident surface 210 of the main optical glass is provided with an incident grating 220 capable of deflecting a light beam, a light beam emergent surface 230 is provided with a micro-optical film 240 capable of enabling a part of the light beam to emerge from the light beam emergent surface 230 and another part of the light beam to reflect back into the optical area multiplier 200, the ratio of emergent light beam to reflected light beam can be selected according to needs, the inner side surface of the light beam incident surface 210 of the optical area multiplier 200 is a total reflection surface, the upper side and the lower side of the incident grating 220 on the light beam incident surface 210 are respectively provided with an emergent hole 250, the upper specific position and the lower specific position of the emergent hole 250 can be set according to the area or the beam number required to multiply by the light beam, the optical area multiplier 200 is a light field reconstruction component based on micro-optical devices, and the light field reconstruction device is manufactured by LSI technology;
the gas detection chamber 300 comprises an incident window 310 and an emergent window 320, the gas detection chamber 300 is of an open design, indoor air flows fully in the chamber, the air flow can be promoted by heat convection or a mechanical fan mode, the parallel light array is absorbed by carbon dioxide gas in the chamber, the light intensity is reduced, and the light intensity reduction according to the Lamber-Beer law is in direct proportion to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the cavity;
a converging lens 400, where the converging lens 400 is disposed corresponding to the exit window 320, and the converging lens 400 is used for converging the light beam exiting from the gas detection chamber 300 into a beam, and the converging lens 400 may be replaced by an optical fiber set, and functions as a converging parallel light beam;
and a rear end detector 500, wherein the converged light enters the rear end detector 500 for photoelectric conversion, and the part of the light absorbed by the carbon dioxide is calculated according to the difference between the incident light intensity and the detected light intensity. As previously described, the intensity of the absorbed light is proportional to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the chamber; meanwhile, the absorbed light intensity is also in direct proportion to the total sectional area of the parallel light array;
and front end detectors 600, wherein the front end detectors 600 are respectively provided corresponding to any one of the emission holes 250, and are used for detecting the residual light beams emitted from the light beam incident surface 210.
The wavelength of the light beam emitted by the laser source with the specific wavelength is 4200 nanometers, and the absorption of the carbon dioxide to the light beam with the wavelength is strongest.
The invention provides an indoor air quality monitoring method based on a light field reconstruction device, which comprises the following steps of;
s1, a laser source with specific wavelength emits a beam with a set light frequency band, wherein the beam with the set light frequency band is infrared light with wavelength of 4200 nanometers;
s2, incident light emitted from a laser source is converted into a plurality of parallel light beams by one beam after passing through a light area multiplier to form a parallel light array, so that the multiplication of the sectional area is realized, and the rest light after multiplication is emitted through an emitting hole;
s3, the light beam with multiplied area enters a gas detection chamber through an incident window, and the parallel light array is absorbed by gas to be detected in the chamber to reduce the light intensity;
s4, the indoor light rays are emitted through the emergent window and converged through the converging lens;
s5, the converged light beams enter a rear end detector to perform photoelectric conversion, the front end detector detects residual light beams emitted from any one of the emergent windows and performs photoelectric conversion, and the part of the light beams absorbed by carbon dioxide is calculated according to the difference between the incident light intensity and the detected light intensity;
s6, outputting the converted electric signals to an external signal processing system for analysis to obtain the content of carbon dioxide in the air.
The incident light cross-sectional area multiplication process in step S2 is:
a. selecting optical glass with a required refractive index as a main body of the optical area multiplier;
b. manufacturing an incidence grating at the incidence position of the light, and deflecting the light beam after passing through the incidence grating;
c. manufacturing a micro-optical structure on the light emergent surface, so that one part of light is emergent, and the other part of light is reflected back to the area multiplier; the reflected light is totally reflected on the other surface of the light area multiplier;
d. c, emitting and reflecting the totally reflected light rays in sequence to realize that multiple light beams are emitted on a light ray emitting surface, and multiplying the light beam area;
e. finally, the residual light is emitted out through the emergent grating.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the outgoing light 2 is measured by a front end detector-as a reference for the intensity of the incoming light. There are two branches of emitted light 2, one of which can be selected for use.
The calculation formula used in the work is as follows:
i. light intensity of outgoing light 1:
P 1 ＝2·P 0 ·K″ t0 ·K″ t1 ·[1+(1-K″ t1 ) 1 +(1-K″ t1 ) 0 +…+(1-K c1 ) n1 ]… … [ formula 1 ]]
Emergent ray 2 intensity:
P 2 ＝P 0 ·K t0 ·K t2 ·(1-K t0 ) n … … [ formula 2 ]]
in the formula:
p0: intensity of incident light
Kt0: the incidence grating efficiency (only +/-1 order) is determined by the grating structure
Kt1: the transmission coefficient of each light ray of the emergent surface is determined by the micro-optical structure
Kt2: transmission efficiency of outgoing light 2 at the transmission window
N: the number of reflections of each ray in the optical area multiplier (n=3 in the example of fig. 2)
In step S3, the decrease in light intensity according to Lamber-Beer law is proportional to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the chamber:
1. the light intensity P1 incident to the gas monitoring chamber can be deduced by P2 and formula 1, formula 2, and P2 is measured by a front end detector;
2. the light intensity P3 emitted from the gas monitoring chamber is measured by a rear end detector;
3. the ratio of P3 to P1 is calculated by the following formula
4. In the formula:
and (3) s: a single gas cross-sectional area after passing through the optical area multiplier;
v.n: the number of gas branches after passing through the optical area multiplier;
and vi.l: a gas chamber length;
d: concentration of carbon dioxide in air
In the step d, 5 to 50 beams of light are emitted.
The wavelength of the light beam emitted by the laser source with the specific wavelength is 4200 nanometers.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention uses a light field reconstruction device (micro-optics device) to multiply the cross-sectional area of the incident beam to fully contact the detected gas. The increase of the sectional area can reach more than 10 times, which is more than the efficiency of the traditional carbon dioxide detector;
the light area is multiplied and simultaneously the rest emergent light rays (emergent light rays 2) are automatically generated, so that the light intensity of the incident light can be accurately calculated;
the light area multiplier can be designed according to the requirement, and compared with other types of multipliers, the light area multiplier has smaller volume and lower manufacturing cost;
the light field reconstruction device can be manufactured through an LSI (large scale integrated) process, so that the volume is reduced, and meanwhile, an expensive light reflection cavity (waveguide) in the traditional carbon dioxide detector is avoided;
the light area multiplier can be manufactured integrally with the incident window, so that the volume is further reduced;
the converging lens and the rear end detector can be highly integrated through a wafer-level optical system, and can be directly packaged and integrated through a module process, so that the yield can be greatly improved, and the labor cost in the assembly process can be reduced;
the converging lens, the rear end detector and the exit window can be manufactured integrally, so that the volume is further reduced.
The whole system (light source, window, light field shaping chip and detector) can be further integrated to realize full solidification, so as to further reduce the cost of manual assembly and reduce the volume of the device.
As can be seen from the structure and the process flow of the invention, the indoor air quality monitoring system and the indoor air quality monitoring method based on the light field reconstruction device greatly expand the cross section area of infrared light by utilizing the light area multiplier formed by the micro-optical device, fully react with carbon dioxide gas and then gather at the detector end, and the functional length of the infrared light and the gas is reduced by increasing the cross section area of the infrared light and the gas, so that the design length of the gas detection chamber is reduced, and the external size of the product is reduced. The whole system does not need expensive waveguide devices, and micro-optics devices can be manufactured by LSI technology, so that the price of the system can be greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the optical path in the air chamber for sample collection is very simple, and compared with a traditional air quality monitoring system, the openness of the air chamber can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, the circulation of air can be promoted by thermal convection or a mechanical fan, so that the accuracy of the sample is further improved.
Claims (8)
1. An indoor air quality monitoring system based on a light field reconstruction device, comprising:
the light frequency band emitted by the laser source with the specific wavelength is a frequency band which can be absorbed by a target component in indoor air;
the light area multiplier comprises main optical glass with a selected refractive index, an incident grating capable of deflecting a light beam is arranged on a light beam incident surface of the main optical glass, a micro-optical film capable of enabling part of the light beam to be emitted from the light beam emergent surface and the other part of the light beam to be reflected back into the light area multiplier is arranged on a light beam emergent surface, the inner side surface of the light beam incident surface of the light area multiplier is a total reflection surface, and the upper side and the lower side of the incident grating on the light beam incident surface are respectively provided with an emitting hole;
the gas detection chamber comprises an incident window and an emergent window;
the converging lens is arranged corresponding to the emergent window and is used for converging the light beams emergent from the gas detection chamber into one beam of light;
the rear end detector is used for enabling the converged light to enter the rear end detector for photoelectric conversion;
and the front end detector is arranged corresponding to the optional one of the emergent holes and is used for detecting residual light beams emitted from the light beam incident surface.
2. The indoor air quality monitoring system based on light field reconstruction device according to claim 1, wherein the gas detection chamber is open, and a mechanical device or a thermal convection device for promoting air flow is arranged outside the gas detection chamber.
3. The indoor air quality monitoring system based on light field reconstruction device according to claim 1, wherein the light area multiplier employs a light field reconstruction device fabricated by LSI process.
4. The indoor air quality monitoring system based on light field reconstruction device according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the laser source with specific wavelength is 4200 nm.
5. An indoor air quality monitoring method based on a light field reconstruction device, adopting the monitoring system as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of;
s1, a laser source with a specific wavelength emits a light beam with a set wavelength;
s2, incident light emitted from a laser source is converted into a plurality of parallel light beams by one beam after passing through a light area multiplier to form a parallel light array, so that the multiplication of the sectional area is realized, and the rest light after multiplication is emitted through an emitting hole;
s3, the light beam with multiplied area enters a gas detection chamber through an incident window, and the parallel light array is absorbed by gas to be detected in the chamber to reduce the light intensity;
s4, the indoor light rays are emitted through the emergent window and converged through the converging lens;
s5, the converged light beams enter a rear end detector to perform photoelectric conversion, the front end detector detects residual light beams emitted from the emergent hole and performs photoelectric conversion, and the part of the light beams absorbed by carbon dioxide is calculated according to the difference between the incident light intensity and the detected light intensity;
s6, outputting the converted electric signals to an external signal processing system for analysis to obtain the content of carbon dioxide in the air.
6. The indoor air quality monitoring method based on the light field reconstruction device according to claim 5, wherein the incident light cross-sectional area multiplication process in the step S2 is as follows:
a. selecting optical glass with a required refractive index as a main body of the optical area multiplier;
b. manufacturing an incidence grating at the incidence position of the light, and deflecting the light beam after passing through the incidence grating;
c. manufacturing a micro-optical structure on the light emergent surface to enable part of light to be emergent, and reflecting the other part of light back to the area multiplier; the reflected light is totally reflected on the other surface of the light area multiplier;
d. c, emitting and reflecting the totally reflected light rays in sequence to realize that multiple light beams are emitted on a light ray emitting surface, and multiplying the light beam area;
e. finally, the residual light is emitted out through the emitting hole.
7. The indoor air quality monitoring method based on light field reconstruction device according to claim 6, wherein in the step d, 5 to 50 light ray exits are realized.
8. The indoor air quality monitoring method based on light field reconstruction device according to claim 5 or 7, wherein the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the laser source with the specific wavelength is 4200 nm.
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