Method for measuring content of non-metal elements in crude lead
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lead-based alloy detection, and particularly relates to a method for determining the content of non-metal elements in crude lead.
Background
Lead produced after the lead-containing material is smelted by the smelting furnace is lead bullion. In the smelting process, non-metallic elements (mainly oxygen and sulfur) which are not completely reacted in a small amount of lead-containing materials are combined with the crude lead to form substances such as lead oxide, lead sulfide and the like. Because the temperature is high (more than 800 ℃) in the lead discharging process, lead oxide, lead sulfide and the like are dissolved in the crude lead and discharged together with the crude lead. During the slagging process of the crude lead, the temperature is low (about 400 ℃), lead oxide, lead sulfide and the like are separated from the crude lead and float to the surface of lead liquid to form pasty slag. Slag removing agent is added to produce dry slag, which is lead-containing slag of the crude lead and needs to be fished out from the surface of the lead liquid.
Therefore, the lead-containing slag of the crude lead determines the quality of the crude lead and the operation amount of the crude lead refining process, and is an important index for representing the quality of the crude lead. In the process of making dry slag, the slag making temperature, the components and the adding amount of a slag removing agent and the stirring working condition all have certain influence on the dry slag amount, so that the problems of low detection precision of lead contained slag and easy divergence of detection results are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reliable method for detecting non-metal elements in lead bullion, which is used for representing the slag content of lead bullion and solves the problems that the detection precision of the slag content of lead bullion is low and the detection result is easy to diverge in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the method for measuring the non-metal elements in the crude lead comprises the following steps:
a. preparing an electrolytic lead sample, detecting by a direct-reading spectrometer, and recording the detection result as W1The electrolytic lead sample is detected by an EDTA titration method, and the detection result is recorded as w1;
b. Preparing a crude lead and lead ingot sample, and recording a detection result as W by a direct-reading spectrometer2The crude lead ingot sample is detected by EDTA titration method, and the detection result is recorded as w2;
c. The filtration coefficient a of the electrolytic lead is calculated according to the following formula:
a=w1/W1;
d. correcting the lead bullion content w detected by EDTA titration by using the filtering coefficient a in the step c2Thereby obtaining the real lead content W of the crude leadPb(ii) a And then the content W of the lead bullion detected by a direct-reading spectrometer2Minus the true lead content WPbObtaining the content W of the non-metallic elementsOAnd characterizing the lead containing slag W of the lead bullion accordinglySlag. The true lead content WPbThe value is the crude lead content w of EDTA determination after the filtration coefficient a correction2I.e. WPb=w2A, the content of said non-metallic element WOOf value WO=W2-w2A; the lead bullion containing slag WSlagOf value WSlagCan be estimated to be 9.63WO。
Preferably, step a or b comprises the following steps: 1. taking a crude lead ingot sample, putting the crude lead ingot sample into a beaker, digesting the crude lead ingot sample by nitric acid, and steaming the crude lead ingot sample until the crude lead ingot sample is nearly dry; 2. adding sulfuric acid, continuously steaming until a large amount of white smoke is emitted, stopping heating, and cooling; 3. Adding distilled water along the wall of the cup, boiling, and cooling; 4. filtering with filter paper, washing the precipitate with distilled water, and transferring the filter paper and the precipitate into an original beaker; 5. washing the wall of the cup with distilled water, adding acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution, heating to boil, dripping 1-2 drops of xylenol orange indicator, and titrating with a calibrated EDTA standard solution until the solution fades from red and then turns into bright yellow as a terminal point; 6. and reading the consumption of the EDTA standard solution, and calculating the lead content of the lead bullion.
The principle of the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. recording the content of other metal elements in the lead ingot as WMeTrue lead content of WPbW as a non-metallic elementOThe method comprises the following steps: wPb+WMe+WO1 is ═ 1; the lead content measured by the direct-reading spectrometer is the balance;
and 2, recording the lead content of the spectrum detection as W, wherein the lead content comprises the following components: w is 1-WMe=WPb+WO;
3. The lead content w determined by the EDTA titration method is corrected by the filter coefficient a to obtain the real lead content, which comprises the following steps: wPb=w/a;
4. The content W of the non-metallic element can be calculated by measuring the content W of lead by W, EDTA titration method of the lead content detected by spectrumONamely:W-w/a=WPb+WO-WPb=WO(ii) a The lead content results of electrolytic lead and crude lead are detected by respectively using a direct-reading spectrometer and an EDTA titration method, so that the content of non-metal elements in the crude lead can be calculated, and the lead slag of the crude lead is represented.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention mainly solves the problems that the detection precision is poor and the detection results are easy to diverge when multi-party detection is involved due to the fact that the crude lead and lead containing slag has rough detection modes and non-uniform detection standards. The determination method comprises two times of lead content detection of electrolytic lead and crude lead, namely direct-reading spectrometer detection and EDTA titration detection, and the content of non-metallic elements is calculated by analyzing the difference value of the two times of detection, so that the lead slag of the crude lead is represented. The method provided by the invention indirectly calculates the content of the non-metallic elements which are difficult to directly measure by two detection methods with different principles, and has the advantages of simple principle and high detection precision.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the content of non-metal elements in lead bullion according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
1. About 200g of samples are taken from different positions of the crude lead, and the crude lead is cast into ingots in a lead mould. After cooling, turning a smooth plane by using a lathe, detecting all elements in a direct-reading spectrometer, and performing the same detection operation on the electrolytic lead;
2. cutting a sample of about 0.1g (accurate to 0.0001g) on a lead bullion by a knife, putting the sample into a beaker, digesting by nitric acid, and steaming until the sample is nearly dry; adding sulfuric acid, continuously steaming until a large amount of white smoke is emitted, stopping heating, and cooling; adding 30mL of distilled water along the wall of the cup, boiling and cooling. Then filtering with filter paper, washing the precipitate with distilled water, and transferring the filter paper and the precipitate into an original beaker; washing the wall of the cup with distilled water, adding 35mL of acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution, heating to boil, dropwise adding 1-2 drops of xylenol orange indicator, and titrating with a calibrated EDTA standard solution until the solution fades from red and then becomes bright yellow. And reading the consumption of the EDTA standard solution, and calculating the lead content of the lead bullion. The same detection operation is carried out on the electrolytic lead, and a sample with a smooth surface and no oxide film is required to be cut in the electrolytic lead sampling;
3. calculation of the filter coefficient: the spectrum detection result of the electrolytic lead is recorded as W1And the EDTA titration method has a detection result of w1The filtering coefficient is recorded as a, and the filtering coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
a=w1/W1;
4. in the EDTA titration process for determining lead content, a small amount of lead is lost during filtration. The filtration coefficient a represents the ratio of the lead content measured by EDTA to the real lead content under the same operation personnel and the same operation conditions;
5. calculating the real lead content in the crude lead:
the spectrum detection result of the crude lead is recorded as W2And the EDTA titration method has a detection result of w2Then its true lead content WPbI.e. w2The value corrected by the filter coefficient a, the real lead content WPbCalculated as follows:
WPb=w2/a;
6. non-metal element W in crude leadOCalculated as follows:
WO=W2-w2/a;
7. slag W of lead bullionSlagEstimation of (2): calculated according to the molar ratio of oxygen to sulfur in the crude lead dry slag of 1:1, the mixed molar mass is 24, WSlagCalculated as follows:
Wslag=WO/24×231.2=9.63WO;
The determination of non-metal elements and the estimation of slag rate are carried out on crude lead produced by a certain secondary lead factory, and the following steps are carried out:
the content of the obtained lead bullion nonmetal elements is 0.5518%, and the estimated lead slag content is 5.32%. The actual slag rate measured in the production process is about 5-6 percent and basically accords with the estimated result.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.