CN111751200A - System and method for testing dynamic modulus of viscoelastic material - Google Patents
System and method for testing dynamic modulus of viscoelastic material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for testing dynamic modulus of viscoelastic material. The test system formed by the components can test the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material under the working conditions of simulated actual temperature and pressure environments. The device disclosed by the invention avoids contact measurement, can obtain all other dynamic mechanical parameters by using only one test sample and one test, provides accurate parameter input for the acoustic performance design of the viscoelastic material, and solves the problem that the dynamic parameters of the viscoelastic material and the main curve at different reference temperatures are accurately obtained under the working conditions of actual temperature and pressure environments in the acoustic performance design of the viscoelastic material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material dynamic parameter testing, in particular to a viscoelastic material dynamic mechanical parameter testing system and a viscoelastic material dynamic modulus testing method.
Background
In the field of acoustic performance design of underwater acoustic materials, viscoelastic materials are functional materials which are most widely applied, and because the hydrostatic temperature and the pressure change of the actual use environment are large, the effective acoustic performance design can be carried out only by obtaining accurate dynamic mechanical parameters of the materials which can simulate the actual working conditions; the existing viscoelastic material dynamic parameter testing device and method can be divided into four types, namely a free attenuation method, a forced resonance method, a forced non-resonance method and a wave method according to an excitation mode, and can be divided into stretching, compressing, twisting, shearing, bending and the like according to a material deformation mode. The international organization for standardization (ISO) has proposed a series of corresponding standards, which can meet the needs of the dynamic parameter test of viscoelastic materials in daily industrial production and national life.
However, for the underwater acoustic material, the application frequency range is wide, the temperature range is wide, and the method is often applied to extreme environment conditions of high hydrostatic pressure, the existing viscoelastic material dynamic parameter testing method cannot completely cover the practical application environment conditions, is limited by the testing frequency range or the temperature and pressure environment adaptability of the contact sensor, and often has strict shape and size limit values for viscoelastic material samples, and only a single dynamic parameter can be generally obtained through one-time testing. For example, the dynamic mechanical parameters of the materials tested by the resonance method are developed quite perfectly, but the material mechanical parameters can change along with the temperature, so that the resonance frequency changes, the material parameters can be tested only on a limited number of orders of resonance frequency, and the temperature spectrum can hardly be obtained by a constant-temperature broadband test result; as another example, a forced non-resonance method is adopted, a typical test device is a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA), different samples are required to be selected for obtaining various dynamic mechanical parameters, and artificial factors are difficult to control in the test process, such as links of sample cutting, bonding, installation and the like are difficult to ensure consistency, test results are often deviated, and a relatively stable result can be obtained only by averaging a large number of test results, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming; the wave propagation method is generally divided into an acoustic pulse propagation method and an ultrasonic pulse method, the acoustic pulse method calculates the Young modulus by testing the sound velocity of longitudinal waves, the testing frequency range is generally 3 kHz-10 kHz, the ultrasonic pulse method calculates the Young modulus and the shear modulus by testing the sound velocity of longitudinal waves and shear waves, the testing frequency range is generally 0.5M-5 MHz, the two testing methods are only limited to the testing of low-damping materials, for high-damping materials, the sound velocity measurement precision is sharply reduced due to the increase of damping, accurate material parameters cannot be obtained, and in addition, the common methods are difficult to realize the dynamic parameter testing in a high-static pressure environment and the main curve of the dynamic modulus in a wide frequency range under a reference temperature.
The underwater acoustic impedance tube method is characterized in that a quantitative relation between acoustic parameters and dynamic mechanical parameters is established, the mechanical parameters are inverted by measuring the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the acoustic attenuation coefficient of a material, and the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the acoustic attenuation coefficient can be obtained by calculating the complex reflection coefficient and the measurement result of the surface acoustic impedance, so that the Young modulus test under a high static pressure environment can be realized. However, for the complex shear modulus test, a sample containing a macroscopic cavity structure needs to be used, and the static pressure deformation information of the sample cannot be accurately obtained, so that the effective shear modulus test cannot be performed under a high static pressure condition. In addition, different structural samples are required for different moduli of the method, and two independent elastic moduli cannot be obtained by one sample in one test.
In 2008, a patent was applied in domestic (CN2007100544763, failed): although the method and the device can realize the temperature and pressure change measurement, the method cannot obtain a wide frequency domain main curve of the material parameter at the reference temperature and an accurate static pressure deformation finite element model, and the method has been applied by a U.S. patent (US6320665) abroad, but cannot obtain the material dynamic mechanical parameter under the static pressure condition.
The underwater acoustic material containing the micro and macro artificial structures inside is a novel underwater acoustic material which is widely researched and applied in recent years, numerical simulation means such as finite elements are usually adopted for acoustic performance design, and equivalent dynamic mechanical parameters are basic data which must be input when the design is carried out. However, under the condition of high static pressure environment, due to the existence of the internal structure, the stress-strain relationship is very complicated, and the equivalent dynamic mechanical parameters of the high static pressure environment are changed obviously. On one hand, no accurate theoretical method is available at present to describe the quantitative relation of stress strain along with pressure change; on the other hand, the existing testing means can not realize the measurement of dynamic parameters with wide frequency and wide temperature range under the condition of simulating the actual environment such as high hydrostatic pressure pole and the like. For the former, the existing finite element static pressure analysis method is adopted, equivalent dynamic mechanical parameters under accurate high static pressure cannot be obtained, so that the subsequent acoustic performance design is misaligned, and for the latter, even if a dynamic parameter testing method partially including high static pressure influence exists, the static pressure deformation cannot be accurately obtained, so that the testing result is misaligned.
In the design of the broadband domain characteristics of the underwater acoustic material, a broadband domain range from ten hertz to 3-4 orders of magnitude is generally covered and is used as a dynamic mechanical parameter for design input, the dynamic mechanical parameter is generally obtained by a temperature-frequency equivalent means in the test process, the main curve of the broadband domain dynamic mechanical parameter at a reference temperature can be obtained by performing translation superposition on a logarithmic frequency axis on test curves in the limited frequency range under different temperature conditions according to the temperature-frequency equivalent principle through the dynamic parameter test of the limited frequency range, and the main curve is used as a parameter input to realize the broadband domain characteristic design of the underwater acoustic material. The key point of the method for obtaining the main curve according to the temperature-frequency equivalent principle is the accurate acquisition of the translation factor on the logarithmic frequency axis, and generally there are 4 methods: the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) method is suitable for the glass transition temperature, and the translation factor is usually directly fitted through test data at different temperatures; the Arrhenius method, suitable for use below the glass transition temperature; the data fitting method without a physical model is used for pure data fitting, and has no physical significance; manual fitting, similar to data fitting, has no physical significance. The methods in the 4 are all empirical-semi-empirical data fitting methods, have no practical physical significance, have large deviation, and have stability which is difficult to meet the design requirement of the broadband domain characteristics of the underwater acoustic material.
In summary, the drawbacks of the existing methods are mainly: firstly, the actual temperature and pressure changing environment cannot be simulated, such as various methods in the ISO standard, US6320665 and the like; secondly, the temperature-changing, pressure-changing and wide frequency domain test cannot be realized, such as an underwater acoustic impedance tube method (no temperature-changing, pressure-changing, temperature-frequency equivalent) and patent CN2007100544763 (no temperature-changing, pressure-changing, temperature-frequency equivalent); thirdly, an accurate static pressure deformation finite element model cannot be obtained, and all the existing dynamic parameter tests have no method; fourthly, more than two dynamic parameters can not be obtained simultaneously by one-time test of a sample, and all the existing dynamic parameter tests have no method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, solve the problem that the dynamic parameters of the viscoelastic material and the main curve at different reference temperatures are accurately obtained under the working conditions of actual temperature and pressure in the acoustic performance design of the acoustic material, and can obtain all the other dynamic mechanical parameters by only using one test sample and one test, thereby providing accurate parameter input for the acoustic performance design of the viscoelastic material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a test system for the dynamic modulus of a viscoelastic material, which is characterized by comprising a test control system, a first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, a second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, a temperature and pressure changing system, a vibration test system, a static pressure deformation test system and a material parameter inversion module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test control system provides a human-computer interaction interface, inputs system parameters, monitors a detection process and outputs a detection result, wherein the system parameters comprise a detected target temperature and/or a detected target pressure; secondly, controlling the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device and the temperature and pressure changing system according to the input system parameters to provide a temperature and pressure changing simulation environment required by the test for the viscoelastic material sample; thirdly, controlling a vibration testing system to perform vibration testing on the viscoelastic material sample arranged in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, detecting the vibration of a measuring point on the surface of the viscoelastic material sample under different temperature and pressure conditions, and acquiring a vibration detection signal; fourthly, a static pressure deformation testing system is controlled to carry out static pressure deformation testing on the viscoelastic material sample arranged in the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, the three-dimensional geometric deformation of the viscoelastic material sample under different temperature and pressure conditions is detected, and a deformed three-dimensional finite element geometric model is obtained; fifthly, controlling a material parameter inversion module to perform inversion calculation to obtain material parameters;
the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device is used for accommodating and fixing the viscoelastic material sample and providing a temperature and pressure changing simulation environment required by vibration test for the viscoelastic material sample;
the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device is used for accommodating and fixing the viscoelastic material sample and providing a temperature and pressure changing simulation environment required by a static pressure deformation test for the viscoelastic material sample;
the temperature and pressure varying system increases or decreases the temperature and pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device according to the target temperature and/or target pressure provided by the test control system, and keeps the temperature and pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device after the target temperature and/or target pressure is reached until the test is finished; the temperature and pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device are monitored by the temperature and pressure varying system in real time through a sensor, and the temperature and pressure are fed back to the test control system;
the vibration test system comprises a transducer, a power amplifier and a Doppler laser vibration measurement device; the transducer is arranged in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, a viscoelastic material sample is fixed through the sample clamping device, and forced vibration is provided for the viscoelastic material sample under the drive of a drive signal output by the power amplifier; the power amplifier receives a test instruction and a test signal sent by the test control system, amplifies the power of the test signal according to the test instruction requirement to convert the test signal into a drive signal to be output, and drives the transducer to provide forced vibration for the viscoelastic material sample; the Doppler laser vibration measurement device receives a test instruction of the test control system, performs non-contact vibration test on a measurement point on the surface of a viscoelastic material sample in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device by utilizing the Doppler frequency shift effect to obtain a vibration detection signal corresponding to the measured temperature and pressure, and transmits the vibration detection signal to the test control system;
the static pressure deformation testing device comprises a data transmission unit and a deformation testing unit, wherein the deformation testing unit comprises a CT scanning system, the CT scanning system receives a testing instruction of a testing control system through the data transmission unit, carries out CT scanning on a viscoelastic material sample according to the testing instruction to obtain a tomography image of the viscoelastic material sample corresponding to the measured temperature and pressure, further obtains three-dimensional geometric deformation of the inside and the outside of the viscoelastic material sample under different temperature and pressure conditions, generates a three-dimensional finite element geometric model corresponding to the measured temperature and pressure after the viscoelastic material sample deforms, and sends the three-dimensional finite element geometric model to the testing control system through the data transmission unit;
the material parameter inversion module is used for receiving vibration detection signals output by the Doppler laser vibration measurement device from a test control system, a three-dimensional finite element geometric model output by the static pressure deformation test device, and test temperature and pressure data output by the first temperature and pressure variable environment simulation device and the second temperature and pressure variable environment simulation device; performing material parameter inversion according to the vibration detection signal, the three-dimensional finite element geometric model and the test temperature and pressure data;
the material parameter inversion module comprises a finite element calculation module and a parameter inversion optimization calculation module; the finite element calculation module is connected with the inversion optimization algorithm module through an input/output interface, and the parameter inversion optimization calculation module is connected with the test control system through the input/output interface;
the finite element calculation module is used for carrying out harmonic response calculation according to the three-dimensional finite element geometric model sent by the static pressure deformation testing device and the boundary conditions, the excitation source and the testing frequency range of the viscoelastic material sample provided by the parameter inversion optimization calculation module to obtain the vibration response of the measuring point corresponding to the surface of the viscoelastic material sample;
the parameter inversion optimization calculation module is used for providing material parameter assignment required by harmonic response calculation for the finite element calculation module, receiving a vibration response calculation result of a surface measuring point of the viscoelastic material sample returned by the finite element calculation module, comparing the vibration response calculation result with a vibration detection signal sent by the Doppler laser vibration measurement device, updating material parameters according to an optimization algorithm, outputting the updated material parameters to the finite element calculation module again, outputting the material parameters which are finally output to the finite element calculation module after the optimization algorithm is converged as a viscoelastic material dynamic modulus inversion result, and sending the viscoelastic material dynamic modulus inversion result to a test control system.
Furthermore, the material parameter inversion module also comprises a temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting module which is connected with the parameter inversion optimization calculation module through an input/output interface,
the temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting module is used for receiving test temperature and pressure data transmitted by the temperature and pressure changing device from a test control system, receiving the inversion result of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material output by the parameter inversion optimization calculation module, and obtaining the material parameter main curves under different pressures and different reference temperatures through data fitting.
Further, the transducer includes:
the piezoelectric structure unit converts a driving signal output by the power amplifier into mechanical vibration and provides forced vibration for the viscoelastic material sample;
and the sample clamping device is used for fixing the viscoelastic material sample on the piezoelectric structure unit in a surface contact mode, and the contact surface of the sample clamping device and the viscoelastic material sample does not slide relatively during vibration.
Further, the power amplifier includes:
the impedance matching unit is used for performing impedance matching with the piezoelectric structure unit so as to improve the power amplification efficiency;
the power amplification unit is used for receiving a test signal sent by the test control system, outputting the test signal to the transducer after power amplification, and driving the piezoelectric structure unit to generate vibration;
a viscoelastic material dynamic modulus testing system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said doppler laser vibration measuring device comprises:
the optical unit comprises a laser source and an optical unit receiver, wherein the laser source emits laser to a viscoelastic material sample measuring point and then returns to the optical unit receiver;
the modulation and demodulation unit is used for acquiring the surface vibration signal of the viscoelastic material sample by adopting a heterodyne interference technology based on the Doppler effect through modulation and demodulation;
the X-Y scanning mirror is used for carrying out multi-point continuous scanning measurement on the surface of the viscoelastic material sample;
and the data transmission unit is used for transmitting the vibration detection signal to the test control system through the data transmission port.
Further, the temperature and pressure changing device comprises:
the temperature-changing and heat-preserving device increases or decreases the temperature of the first temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device or the second temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device according to the target temperature provided by the test control system, and keeps the temperature of the first temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device or the second temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device after the target temperature is reached until the test is finished; the temperature-changing and heat-preserving device monitors the temperature of the first temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device or the second temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device in real time through a thermocouple and feeds the temperature back to the test control system;
the variable pressure and pressure maintaining device is used for increasing or decreasing the pressure of the first variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device or the second variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device according to the target pressure provided by the test control system, and keeping the pressure of the first variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device or the second variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device after the target temperature is reached until the test is finished; the pressure varying and pressure maintaining device monitors the pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulating device or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulating device in real time through the pressure sensor and feeds the pressure back to the test control system.
Further, the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device comprises a pressure-resistant cavity, pressure-resistant light-transmitting optical glass and an optical reflection device;
the pressure-resistant cavity is used for accommodating and fixing the kinetic energy device and the viscoelastic material sample, is connected with the temperature and pressure changing device through a circulating pipeline to exchange a medium in a temperature and temperature changing environment, and further controls the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity, and the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity are monitored by the temperature and pressure changing device through a sensor;
the pressure-resistant light-transmitting optical glass is used for providing a full-transmission pressure-resistant optical channel for a detection light path of the Doppler laser vibration measurement device;
and the optical reflection device is used for controlling the direction of the detection light path for testing the vibration of different surfaces of the viscoelastic material sample so that the Doppler laser vibration measuring device can detect the vibration of different surfaces of the viscoelastic material sample.
The second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device comprises a pressure-resistant cavity, the pressure-resistant cavity is used for containing and fixing viscoelastic material samples, and is connected with the temperature and pressure changing device through a circulating pipeline to exchange pressure and temperature changing environment media so as to control the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity, and the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity are monitored by the temperature and pressure changing device through a sensor; the second variable temperature and pressure vessel is transparent to X-rays for scanning a viscoelastic material sample therein.
The invention also provides a method for testing the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material, which adopts the testing device, and the testing method tests the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material under the working condition of a simulation environment with certain temperature and pressure, and comprises the following steps:
connecting a first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device and a second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device with a temperature and pressure changing device, connecting the temperature and pressure changing device with a test control system, connecting an energy converter with a power amplifier, connecting the test control system with the power amplifier, connecting a Doppler laser vibration measurement device with the test control system, connecting a static pressure deformation test device with the test control system, and connecting a material parameter inversion module with the test control system;
opening a first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, fixing a viscoelastic material sample on the transducer through a sample clamping device, and marking the position of a corresponding measuring point on the outer surface of the viscoelastic material sample by using a laser reflective film;
step 3, vibration detection:
according to an instruction input by a human-computer interaction interface of the test control system, the test control system sends a target test temperature and pressure instruction to the temperature and pressure changing device, the temperature and pressure changing device starts to automatically adjust the temperature and pressure of the environment in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, after the target temperature and the target pressure are reached, heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out until the vibration test is finished, and meanwhile, stable temperature and pressure values are output to the test control system; then, according to an instruction input through a human-computer interaction interface of the test control system, the test control system sends a start-stop instruction to the Doppler laser vibration measurement device, vibration test is carried out on a measurement point on the surface of the viscoelastic material sample in the first temperature and pressure change environment simulation device in a simulation environment with target temperature and target pressure, and a vibration detection signal is transmitted to the test control system;
taking out a viscoelastic material sample from the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, fixing the viscoelastic material sample in a second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device through a sample clamping device, sending a target test temperature and pressure instruction to the temperature and pressure changing device by a test control system according to an instruction sent by human-computer interaction equipment, starting to automatically adjust the environmental temperature and pressure in the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device by the temperature and pressure changing device, preserving heat and pressure until a test temperature and pressure target value is reached, keeping the temperature and pressure until a static pressure deformation test is finished, and simultaneously outputting the stable temperature and pressure value to the test control system; then, the static pressure deformation testing device carries out static pressure deformation testing on the viscoelastic material sample in a simulation environment with target temperature and target pressure, and the generated three-dimensional finite element geometric model is transmitted to a testing control system;
step 5, testing at different temperatures and pressures:
changing the target temperature and/or the target pressure, repeating the step 2-4, obtaining a viscoelastic material sample surface measuring point vibration test result and a three-dimensional finite element geometric model under the target temperature and/or the target pressure, and transmitting the test result and the three-dimensional finite element geometric model to a test control system; until all the vibration tests and static pressure deformation tests at the preset target temperature and/or target pressure are completed, the next step is carried out;
according to an instruction input by a human-computer interaction interface of a test control system, the test control system sends a starting instruction to a material parameter inversion module, a three-dimensional finite element geometric model under a certain temperature and pressure is input into a finite element calculation module, a vibration test signal of a surface test point of a viscoelastic material sample under the temperature and pressure is input into a parameter inversion optimization calculation module, the parameter inversion optimization calculation module firstly inputs an initial value of a material parameter into the finite element calculation module, the finite element calculation module carries out harmonic response calculation according to boundary conditions, an excitation source and a test frequency range of the viscoelastic material sample to obtain a vibration response corresponding to the surface test point of the viscoelastic material sample, the vibration response is input into the parameter inversion optimization calculation module for optimization, the material parameter updated by an optimization algorithm is output to the finite element calculation module again for iterative calculation, and after the algorithm converges, the material parameter output to the finite element calculation module for the last time is the inversion junction of the dynamic modulus of If so, transmitting the result to a test control system, and displaying an inversion result through a human-computer interaction device;
further, the method for testing the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material further comprises the following steps:
and 7, repeating the step 6 by adopting the three-dimensional finite element geometric models and the vibration test signals under different temperatures and/or pressures, and finally obtaining the inversion result of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material under the working conditions of different temperature and pressure environments.
The invention also provides a method for acquiring the main curve of the parameters of the viscoelastic material, which is used for acquiring the main curve of the parameters of the material under different pressures and different reference temperatures and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, selecting a certain pressure F from a plurality of viscoelastic material dynamic modulus inversion results obtained by the method for testing the viscoelastic material dynamic modulusjInversion data of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material at all temperatures;
drawing a wicket graph by using the selected data, checking the smoothness of the graph, removing the data with larger errors, and obtaining a smooth standard wicket graph; wherein j represents the serial number of the pressure;
step three, adopting the data selected in the step one, and obtaining parameters α and E in the H-N model through data fitting0And E∞Wherein α determines the loss peak width, β determines the loss peak symmetry, E0Is the rubbery modulus, E∞Is the glassy modulus;
step four, obtaining the pressure F through data fitting by adopting the data selected in the step one and the parameters α, E0 and E infinity in the H-N model obtained in the stepjTau (T) for each temperature ofi) Value, wherein τ (T)i) Indicates the reference temperature TiRelaxation time under the conditions, i represents the number of temperatures;
step five, regarding the pressure FjTau (T) for each temperature ofi) Value, according to WLF equation, selecting corresponding temperature TiAs reference temperature, the pressure F is obtained by data fittingjReference temperature TiThe pressure F is plotted for C1 and C2 in the WLF equation belowjReference temperature TiA lower material parameter master curve;
and step six, selecting the inversion data of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material at all temperatures under other pressures from the inversion results of the dynamic moduli of the viscoelastic material obtained by the method for testing the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material, and repeating the step two to the step five to obtain the main curves of the material parameters under different pressures and different reference temperatures.
Advantageous effects
The device can obtain all other dynamic mechanical parameters by only one test sample and one test, and solves the problem that the dynamic parameters of the viscoelastic material and the main curve at different reference temperatures are accurately obtained under the working conditions of actual temperature and pressure environments in the acoustic performance design of the acoustic material; the device carries out logic control on the temperature and pressure changing device and the Doppler laser vibration measuring device through the test control system, and realizes that the simulation of working conditions of different temperature and pressure environments, the automatic test of surface vibration speeds under different working conditions and the automatic storage of test results are automatically finished after the viscoelastic material sample is installed; the device logically controls the temperature and pressure changing device and the static pressure deformation testing device through the testing control system, so that after a viscoelastic material sample is installed, the simulation of working conditions of different temperature and pressure environments and the automatic generation of a three-dimensional static pressure deformation geometric model under different working conditions are automatically completed; the device logically controls the material parameter inversion module through the test control system, realizes the automatic reading of a surface vibration speed test result and a three-dimensional static pressure deformation finite element geometric model, and automatically completes the finite element modeling calculation, the dynamic parameter inversion and the temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting, and greatly improves the test efficiency.
The static pressure deformation testing device breaks through the limitation that the traditional method can not directly test the three-dimensional geometric morphology of the underwater acoustic material in the underwater temperature and pressure changing simulation environment, particularly the geometric and microstructure deformation of the cavity in the material, and the geometric morphology and the structural deformation are very important references for the design and performance evaluation of the underwater acoustic material; the static pressure deformation testing device is based on three-dimensional CT scanning and reconstruction technology, and the measured geometric structure of the material can reach high precision (mainly depending on the size of a CT machine and a sample, the diameter of the sample is 10cm for the size of industrial CT, and the precision of the reconstructed three-dimensional geometric size can reach 50um magnitude or even higher).
According to the device, in the material parameter inversion module, the three-dimensional static pressure deformation finite element model obtained by testing the static pressure deformation testing device is directly replaced by the finite element static pressure analysis, so that the accuracy of a dynamic parameter inversion result can be ensured; the temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting is realized by combining an H-N (Havriliak-Negami) complex modulus model with a WLF equation, the H-N model describes a causal relationship between a real part and an imaginary part of the complex modulus, the causal relationship is the core of the quantitative relationship between the acoustic performance and the dynamic parameters, and the causal relationship has actual physical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of finite element static pressure deformation calculation and a three-dimensional static pressure deformation test finite element geometric model; (a) comparing the calculation results of the finite element static pressure deformation before and after pressurization, and (b) comparing the test results of the three-dimensional static pressure deformation before and after pressurization.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention for testing the dynamic modulus of a viscoelastic material, the interior of which contains microscopic and macroscopic artificial structures;
FIG. 3 is a detailed structural diagram of a system for testing the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of an optimization algorithm in the parameter inversion process according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optimization algorithm flow in the parameter inversion process of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the device of the present invention for main curve testing of material parameters under different pressures and different reference temperatures;
fig. 8 is a wicket chart drawn in the method for acquiring the main parameter curve of the viscoelastic material;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the main curve obtained by the method for obtaining the main curve of the parameters of the viscoelastic material.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The viscoelastic material dynamic modulus testing system can realize automatic measurement of the viscoelastic material dynamic modulus within a self controllable temperature and pressure range, and on the basis, a complex modulus model based on an H-N model in a material parameter inversion module is adopted to fit C1 and C2 in a WLF equation, so that the simulation of actual high hydrostatic pressure and other extreme environment conditions can be finally completed, and the measurement of wide-frequency and wide-temperature-range dynamic parameters of the viscoelastic material can be realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the viscoelastic material dynamic modulus test system comprises a test control system 1, a first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 2, a second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 3, a temperature and pressure changing system 4, a vibration test system, a static pressure deformation test system 6 and a material parameter inversion module 7; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test control system 1 is used for providing a human-computer interaction interface, inputting system parameters, monitoring a detection process and outputting a detection result, wherein the system parameters comprise a detected target temperature and/or a detected target pressure; secondly, controlling the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 2, the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 3 and the temperature and pressure changing system 4 according to the input system parameters to provide a temperature and pressure changing simulation environment required by the test for the viscoelastic material sample 8; thirdly, controlling a vibration testing system to perform vibration testing on the viscoelastic material sample 8 arranged in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 2, detecting the vibration of a measuring point on the surface of the viscoelastic material sample under different temperature and pressure conditions, and acquiring a vibration detection signal; fourthly, the static pressure deformation testing system 6 is controlled to carry out static pressure deformation testing on the viscoelastic material sample 8 arranged in the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 3, the three-dimensional geometric deformation of the viscoelastic material sample 8 under different temperature and pressure conditions is detected, and a deformed three-dimensional finite element geometric model is obtained; fifthly, controlling a material parameter inversion module 7 to perform inversion calculation to obtain material parameters;
the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 2 is used for accommodating and fixing the viscoelastic material sample 8 and providing a temperature and pressure changing simulation environment required by vibration test for the viscoelastic material sample 8;
the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 3 is used for accommodating and fixing the viscoelastic material sample 8 and providing a temperature and pressure changing simulation environment required by a static pressure deformation test for the viscoelastic material sample 8;
the temperature and pressure varying system 4 is used for increasing or decreasing the temperature and the pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device 2 or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device 3 according to the target temperature and/or the target pressure provided by the test control system, and keeping the temperature and the pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device 2 or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device 3 until the test is finished after the target temperature and/or the target pressure is reached; the temperature and pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device 2 or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device 3 are monitored by the temperature and pressure varying system 4 in real time through a sensor and fed back to the test control system 1;
the vibration test system comprises a transducer 501, a power amplifier 502 and a Doppler laser vibration measurement device 503; the transducer 501 is installed in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 2, the viscoelastic material sample 8 is fixed through the sample clamping device 5011, and forced vibration is provided for the viscoelastic material sample 8 under the drive of the drive signal output by the power amplifier 502; the power amplifier 502 receives a test instruction and a test signal sent by the test control system 1, amplifies the power of the test signal according to the test instruction requirement to convert the test signal into a drive signal to be output, and drives the transducer to provide forced vibration for the viscoelastic material sample 8, wherein the test instruction comprises instructions of starting, pausing, stopping and the like, and the test signal comprises signals of a sine signal, a white noise signal and the like; the doppler laser vibration measurement device 503 receives a test instruction of the test control system, performs a non-contact vibration test on a surface test point of the viscoelastic material sample 8 in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 2 by using a doppler frequency shift effect, obtains a vibration detection signal corresponding to a measured temperature and pressure, and transmits the vibration detection signal to the test control system 1;
the static pressure deformation testing device 6 comprises a data transmission unit 601 and a deformation testing unit 602, wherein the deformation testing unit 602 comprises a CT scanning system, the CT scanning system receives a testing instruction of the testing control system 1 through the data transmission unit, carries out CT scanning on the viscoelastic material sample 8 arranged in the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device 3 according to the testing instruction to obtain a viscoelastic material sample tomography image corresponding to the measured temperature and pressure, further obtains three-dimensional geometric deformation of the inside and the outside of the viscoelastic material sample 8 under different temperature and pressure conditions, generates a three-dimensional finite element geometric model corresponding to the measured temperature and pressure after the viscoelastic material sample 8 is deformed, and sends the three-dimensional finite element geometric model to the testing control system 1 through the data transmission unit;
the material parameter inversion module is used for receiving a vibration detection signal output by the Doppler laser vibration measurement device, a three-dimensional finite element geometric model output by the static pressure deformation testing device 6 and test temperature and pressure data output by the first temperature and pressure change environment simulation device 2 and the second temperature and pressure change environment simulation device 3 from the test control system 1, and performing material parameter inversion according to the vibration detection signal, the three-dimensional finite element geometric model, the test temperature and the test pressure data;
the material parameter inversion module comprises a finite element calculation module 701 and a parameter inversion optimization calculation module 702; the finite element calculation module 71 is connected with the parameter inversion optimization algorithm module 702 through an input/output interface, and the parameter inversion optimization calculation module 702 is connected with the test control system 1 through an input/output interface;
a finite element calculation module 701, which performs harmonic response calculation according to the three-dimensional finite element geometric model sent by the static pressure deformation testing device 6 and the boundary condition, excitation source and testing frequency range of the viscoelastic material sample 8 provided by the parameter inversion optimization calculation module 702 to obtain the vibration response of the measuring point corresponding to the surface of the viscoelastic material sample 8;
the parameter inversion optimization calculation module 702 first provides the finite element calculation module 701 with material parameter assignment required for harmonic response calculation, then receives a vibration response calculation result of the surface measurement point of the viscoelastic material sample returned by the finite element calculation module 701, compares the vibration response calculation result with a vibration detection signal sent by the doppler laser vibration measurement device 503, updates the material parameters according to an optimization algorithm, then outputs the updated material parameters to the finite element calculation module 701 again, after the optimization algorithm converges, the material parameters output to the finite element calculation module 701 for the last time are viscoelastic material dynamic modulus inversion results, and the parameter inversion optimization calculation module 702 sends the viscoelastic material dynamic modulus inversion results to the test control system 1.
Referring to fig. 4, further explaining an optimization algorithm adopted by the parameter inversion optimization calculation module, firstly, testing vibration speed (complex speed) at a corresponding measuring point position of a sample, then comparing the test result with a finite element calculation result, continuously changing inversion parameter values through the optimization algorithm, recalculating the vibration speed of the corresponding measuring point and comparing the recalculated vibration speed with the test result until the vibration speed is matched with the test result.
The basic flow of the optimization algorithm is as follows: let P (P)0,p1,p2,p3The method comprises the steps of (a) establishing an objective function delta for a parameter combination to be inverted, and continuously changing P (P) within a value range limited by each parameter0,p1,p2,p3The parameter value of (a) is calculated, the searching direction is continuously changed by adopting an optimization algorithm to approach the place where the global minimum value is obtained by delta, and when the convergence limit value is met, P (P) at the time is obtained0,p1,p2,p3The dynamic mechanical parameters of the material obtained by inversion.
For example, as shown in FIG. 5, Young's modulus E, shear modulus G, and loss factor η are combined as parameters to be inverted to establish an objective function as follows:
wherein: xi,femReal part of complex velocity value of i-th node, Y, calculated for finite elementi,femImaginary part of complex velocity value, X, of i-th node calculated for finite elementi,expThe real part, Y, of the complex velocity measured value at the corresponding position of the ith measuring pointi,expAnd the imaginary part of the complex velocity measured value at the corresponding position of the ith measuring point is shown.
And (3) carrying out finite element calculation by continuously changing E, G and eta values through parameter optimization, and obtaining a final E, G and eta values as a parameter inversion result after the algorithm is converged.
Further, the material parameter inversion module 7 may further include a temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting module 703, and the temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting module is connected to the parameter inversion optimization calculation module 702 through an input/output interface. The temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting module 703 is configured to receive test temperature and pressure data sent by the temperature and pressure changing device 4 from the test control system 1, receive the inversion result of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material output by the parameter inversion optimization calculation module 702, and obtain the main curves of the material parameters under different pressures and different reference temperatures through data fitting.
Further, the transducer includes a piezoelectric structure unit and a sample holding device 5011, the piezoelectric structure unit converts the driving signal output by the power amplifier into mechanical vibration to provide forced vibration for the viscoelastic material sample 8; the sample holding device 5011 is used for fixing the viscoelastic material sample on the piezoelectric structure unit in a surface contact mode, and the contact surface of the sample holding device 5011 and the viscoelastic material sample 8 does not slide relatively during vibration.
Further, the power amplifier includes an impedance matching unit and a power amplifying unit. The impedance matching unit is used for performing impedance matching with the piezoelectric structure unit so as to improve the power amplification efficiency; and the power amplification unit is used for receiving a test signal sent by the test control system, outputting the test signal to the transducer after power amplification, and driving the piezoelectric structure unit to generate vibration.
Further, the doppler laser vibration measuring device 503 includes an optical unit 5031, a modulation and demodulation unit 5032, an X-Y scanning mirror 5033, and a data transmission unit 5034. The optical unit comprises a laser source and an optical unit receiver, wherein the laser source emits laser to a viscoelastic material sample measuring point and then returns to the optical unit receiver; the modulation and demodulation unit is used for acquiring the surface vibration signal of the viscoelastic material sample by adopting a heterodyne interference technology based on the Doppler effect through modulation and demodulation; the X-Y scanning mirror is used for carrying out multi-point continuous scanning measurement on the surface of the viscoelastic material sample; and the data transmission unit is used for transmitting the vibration detection signal to the test control system through the data transmission port.
Further, the temperature and pressure changing device comprises a temperature and pressure changing device 401 and a pressure and pressure changing device 402. The temperature-changing and heat-preserving device increases or decreases the temperature of the first temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device 2 or the second temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device 3 according to the target temperature provided by the test control system, and when the target temperature is reached, the temperature of the first temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device 2 or the second temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device 3 is kept until the test is finished; the temperature-changing and heat-preserving device monitors the temperature of the first temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device 2 or the second temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device 3 in real time through a thermocouple and feeds back the temperature to the test control system. The variable pressure and pressure maintaining device is used for increasing or decreasing the pressure of the first variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device or the second variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device according to the target pressure provided by the test control system, and keeping the pressure of the first variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device or the second variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device after the target temperature is reached until the test is finished; the pressure varying and pressure maintaining device monitors the pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulating device or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulating device in real time through the pressure sensor and feeds the pressure back to the test control system.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation apparatus 2 includes a pressure-resistant cavity, a pressure-resistant transparent optical glass, and an optical reflection device (reflective glass). The pressure-resistant cavity is used for accommodating and fixing the kinetic energy device and the viscoelastic material sample, is connected with the temperature and pressure changing device through a circulating pipeline to exchange a medium in a temperature and temperature changing environment, and further controls the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity, and the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity are monitored by the temperature and pressure changing device through a sensor; the pressure-resistant light-transmitting optical glass is used for providing a full-transmission pressure-resistant optical channel for a detection light path of the Doppler laser vibration measurement device; and the optical reflection device is used for controlling the detection light path direction of the vibration test of different surfaces of the viscoelastic material sample, so that the Doppler laser vibration measuring device 503 can detect the vibration of different surfaces of the viscoelastic material sample.
The second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device 3 comprises a pressure-resistant cavity, the pressure-resistant cavity is used for accommodating and fixing viscoelastic material samples, and is connected with the temperature and pressure varying device through a circulating pipeline to exchange pressure varying environment media so as to control the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity, and the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity are monitored by the temperature and pressure varying device through a sensor; the second temperature and pressure swing vessel is transparent to X-rays for scanning the viscoelastic material sample 8 therein.
The invention also provides a method for testing the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material, and the testing system is characterized in that the testing method is used for testing the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material under the condition of a simulated environment with certain temperature and pressure, and comprises the following steps:
connecting a first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device and a second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device with a temperature and pressure changing device, connecting the temperature and pressure changing device with a test control system, connecting an energy converter with a power amplifier, connecting the test control system with the power amplifier, connecting a Doppler laser vibration measurement device with the test control system, connecting a static pressure deformation test device with the test control system, and connecting a material parameter inversion module with the test control system;
opening a first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, fixing a viscoelastic material sample on the transducer through a sample clamping device, and marking the position of a corresponding measuring point on the outer surface of the viscoelastic material sample by using a laser reflective film;
step 3, vibration detection:
according to an instruction input by a human-computer interaction interface of the test control system, the test control system sends a target test temperature and pressure instruction to the temperature and pressure changing device, the temperature and pressure changing device starts to automatically adjust the temperature and pressure of the environment in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, after the target temperature and the target pressure are reached, heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out until the vibration test is finished, and meanwhile, stable temperature and pressure values are output to the test control system; then, according to an instruction input through a human-computer interaction interface of the test control system, the test control system sends a start-stop instruction to the Doppler laser vibration measurement device, vibration test is carried out on a measurement point on the surface of the viscoelastic material sample in the first temperature and pressure change environment simulation device in a simulation environment with target temperature and target pressure, and a vibration detection signal is transmitted to the test control system;
taking out a viscoelastic material sample from the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, fixing the viscoelastic material sample in a second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device through a sample clamping device, sending a target test temperature and pressure instruction to the temperature and pressure changing device by a test control system according to an instruction sent by human-computer interaction equipment, starting to automatically adjust the environmental temperature and pressure in the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device by the temperature and pressure changing device, preserving heat and pressure until a test temperature and pressure target value is reached, keeping the temperature and pressure until a static pressure deformation test is finished, and simultaneously outputting the stable temperature and pressure value to the test control system; then, the static pressure deformation testing device carries out static pressure deformation testing on the viscoelastic material sample in a simulation environment with target temperature and target pressure, and the generated three-dimensional finite element geometric model is transmitted to a testing control system;
step 5, testing at different temperatures and pressures:
changing the target temperature and/or the target pressure, repeating the steps 2-4 to obtain the viscoelastic material sample surface measuring point vibration test result and the three-dimensional finite element geometric model under different target temperatures and different target pressures, and transmitting the test result and the three-dimensional finite element geometric model to a test control system; until all the vibration tests and static pressure deformation tests at the preset target temperature and/or target pressure are completed, the next step is carried out;
according to an instruction input by a human-computer interaction interface of a test control system, the test control system sends a starting instruction to a material parameter inversion module, a three-dimensional finite element geometric model under a certain temperature and pressure is input into a finite element calculation module, a vibration test signal of a surface measuring point of a viscoelastic material sample under a certain temperature and pressure is input into a parameter inversion optimization calculation module, the parameter inversion optimization calculation module firstly inputs an initial value of a material parameter to the finite element calculation module, the finite element calculation module carries out harmonic response calculation according to boundary conditions, an excitation source and a test frequency range of the viscoelastic material sample to obtain a vibration response corresponding to the surface measuring point of the viscoelastic material sample, the vibration response is input into the parameter inversion optimization calculation module for optimization, the material parameter updated by an optimization algorithm is output to the finite element calculation module again for iterative calculation, and after the algorithm is converged, the material parameter output to the finite element calculation module for the last time is the inversion of the dynamic modulus Transmitting the result to a test control system, and displaying an inversion result through a human-computer interaction device;
further, the method for testing the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material further comprises the following steps:
and 7, repeating the step 6 by adopting the three-dimensional finite element geometric models and the vibration test signals under different temperatures and/or pressures, and finally obtaining the inversion result of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material under the working conditions of different temperature and pressure environments.
According to the method for testing the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material, the dynamic parameters of the material in a certain frequency range (the range is limited by a test system and is a determined narrow frequency range, such as hundreds Hz-kiloHz magnitude) can be obtained through material parameter inversion under different temperature and pressure environments. The main curve of the dynamic parameters of the material is a curve reflecting the change of the material parameters such as modulus and the like along with frequency (reciprocal, namely time), the main curve of the material parameters changes along with temperature, and the main curves of the material parameters are different under different reference temperatures. Due to the test system frequency limits, it is not possible to obtain all frequency ranges ("all frequency ranges" refer to the frequency range from the rubbery state to the glassy state, for example from 10)-5Hz～1010Hz), and the frequency range of the dynamic parameters required in the actual material design (e.g. a wide frequency domain of ten Hz to ten thousand Hz magnitude) is much wider than the range obtained by inversion, so that it is necessary to solve the problem of obtaining the main curve of the dynamic parameters of the material in the wide frequency domain.
The invention adopts a temperature frequency equivalent method to achieve the aim. The temperature-frequency equivalence means that: viscoelastic material viscoelasticity can be expressed as a function of time (or frequency), known as the time (or frequency) spectrum (main curve); on the other hand, it can also be expressed as a function of temperature, called a temperature spectrum. Under certain conditions, the two spectra can be mutually converted, namely, the same mechanical relaxation (relaxation) phenomenon can be observed at a higher temperature within a shorter time, and can also be observed at a lower temperature within a longer time; that is, various mechanical states of the same polymer can be expressed in different temperature ranges at a constant frequency, or in different frequency ranges at a constant temperature, and increasing the temperature and the observation time are equivalent to the viscoelastic behavior of the polymer. The equivalent relationship between temperature and frequency is called temperature-frequency equivalence principle.
In summary, in the vibration test, the test frequency range is narrow, such as 100Hz-1000Hz, and the main curve frequency range is wide, such as 10-5Hz～1010Hz, a cluster of 100Hz-1000Hz material parameter curves can be obtained by parameter inversion of testing frequency ranges at different temperatures (such as 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ …), and 10 Hz can be obtained by translation on a frequency axis by utilizing a temperature-frequency equivalent principle-5Hz～1010Hz wide frequency domain main curve, this method is also called reduced frequency method.
In summary, the dynamic modulus is the inversion result of the finite frequency range parameter, the main curve is a complete fitting curve containing the whole frequency range from the rubber state to the glass state, the key point of the temperature-frequency equivalent method is to obtain the main curve of the dynamic parameter at the reference temperature by data fitting through the test results of the dynamic parameter at different temperatures, the H-N model is a complex modulus model which is a function of the frequency and contains 5 parameters, and for a certain material, α and E correspond to the 5 determined parameters0And E∞And τ (Ti), where α determines the width of the loss peak, β determines the symmetry of the loss peak, E0 the rubbery modulus, E∞For glassy modulus, relaxation time tau (Ti) is temperature dependent, and tau (Ti) is different under different Ti but does not affect the shape of curve (only affects the translation of curve on frequency axis), after the first 4 parameters are determined, the last parameter tau (Ti) can be determined by fitting the inversion result of dynamic modulus in a test frequency range (such as 100Hz-1000Hz) under a certain temperature Ti with H-N model data, so far, all 5 parameters are obtained, H-N complex modulus model is determined, and the curve drawn by the model is Ti (reference temperature)) Lower main curve.
Based on the principle, the invention also provides a method for acquiring the main curve of the viscoelastic material parameter, which is used for acquiring the main curve of the material parameter under different pressures and different reference temperatures, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting a certain pressure F from a plurality of inversion results of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material obtained by the test method according to claim 9jInversion data of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material at all temperatures;
drawing a wincket graph (an inverted U graph, such as a graph) by using the selected data, checking the smoothness of the graph, and removing data with larger errors to obtain a smooth standard wincket graph; wherein j represents the serial number of the pressure;
step three, adopting the data selected in the step one, and obtaining parameters α and E in the H-N model through data fitting0And E∞Wherein α determines the loss peak width, β determines the loss peak symmetry, E0Is the rubbery modulus, E∞Is the glassy modulus;
step four, adopting the data selected in the step one and the parameters α, E in the H-N model obtained in the step0And E∞Obtaining the pressure F by fitting the datajTau (T) for each temperature ofi) Value, wherein τ (T)i) Indicates the reference temperature TiRelaxation time under the conditions, i represents the number of temperatures;
step five, regarding the pressure FjTau (T) for each temperature ofi) Value, according to WLF equation, selecting corresponding temperature TiAs reference temperature, the pressure F is obtained by data fittingjReference temperature TiThe pressure F is plotted for C1 and C2 in the WLF equation belowjReference temperature TiA lower material parameter master curve;
step six, selecting the inversion data of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material at all temperatures under other pressures from the inversion results of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material obtained by the test method according to claim 9, and repeating the step two to the step five to obtain the main curves of the material parameters under different pressures and different reference temperatures.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test system for the dynamic modulus of a viscoelastic material is characterized by comprising a test control system, a first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, a second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, a temperature and pressure changing system, a vibration test system, a static pressure deformation test system and a material parameter inversion module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test control system provides a human-computer interaction interface, inputs system parameters, monitors a detection process and outputs a detection result, wherein the system parameters comprise a detected target temperature and/or a detected target pressure; secondly, controlling the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device and the temperature and pressure changing system according to the input system parameters to provide a temperature and pressure changing simulation environment required by the test for the viscoelastic material sample; thirdly, controlling a vibration testing system to perform vibration testing on the viscoelastic material sample arranged in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, detecting the vibration of a measuring point on the surface of the viscoelastic material sample under different temperature and pressure conditions, and acquiring a vibration detection signal; fourthly, a static pressure deformation testing system is controlled to carry out static pressure deformation testing on the viscoelastic material sample arranged in the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, the three-dimensional geometric deformation of the viscoelastic material sample under different temperature and pressure conditions is detected, and a deformed three-dimensional finite element geometric model is obtained; fifthly, controlling a material parameter inversion module to perform inversion calculation to obtain material parameters;
the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device is used for accommodating and fixing the viscoelastic material sample and providing a temperature and pressure changing simulation environment required by vibration test for the viscoelastic material sample;
the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device is used for accommodating and fixing the viscoelastic material sample and providing a temperature and pressure changing simulation environment required by a static pressure deformation test for the viscoelastic material sample;
the temperature and pressure varying system increases or decreases the temperature and pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device according to the target temperature and/or target pressure provided by the test control system, and keeps the temperature and pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device after the target temperature and/or target pressure is reached until the test is finished; the temperature and pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device are monitored by the temperature and pressure varying system in real time through a sensor, and the temperature and pressure are fed back to the test control system;
the vibration test system comprises a transducer, a power amplifier and a Doppler laser vibration measurement device; the transducer is arranged in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, a viscoelastic material sample is fixed through the sample clamping device, and forced vibration is provided for the viscoelastic material sample under the drive of a drive signal output by the power amplifier; the power amplifier receives a test instruction and a test signal sent by the test control system, amplifies the power of the test signal according to the test instruction requirement to convert the test signal into a drive signal to be output, and drives the transducer to provide forced vibration for the viscoelastic material sample; the Doppler laser vibration measurement device receives a test instruction of the test control system, performs non-contact vibration test on a measurement point on the surface of a viscoelastic material sample in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device by utilizing the Doppler frequency shift effect to obtain a vibration detection signal corresponding to the measured temperature and pressure, and transmits the vibration detection signal to the test control system;
the static pressure deformation testing device comprises a data transmission unit and a deformation testing unit, wherein the deformation testing unit comprises a CT scanning system, the CT scanning system receives a testing instruction of a testing control system through the data transmission unit, carries out CT scanning on a viscoelastic material sample according to the testing instruction to obtain a tomography image of the viscoelastic material sample corresponding to the measured temperature and pressure, further obtains three-dimensional geometric deformation of the inside and the outside of the viscoelastic material sample under different temperature and pressure conditions, generates a three-dimensional finite element geometric model corresponding to the measured temperature and pressure after the viscoelastic material sample deforms, and sends the three-dimensional finite element geometric model to the testing control system through the data transmission unit;
the material parameter inversion module is used for receiving vibration detection signals output by the Doppler laser vibration measurement device from a test control system, a three-dimensional finite element geometric model output by the static pressure deformation test device, and test temperature and pressure data output by the first temperature and pressure variable environment simulation device and the second temperature and pressure variable environment simulation device; performing material parameter inversion according to the vibration detection signal, the three-dimensional finite element geometric model and the test temperature and pressure data;
the material parameter inversion module comprises a finite element calculation module and a parameter inversion optimization calculation module; the finite element calculation module is connected with the inversion optimization algorithm module through an input/output interface, and the parameter inversion optimization calculation module is connected with the test control system through the input/output interface;
the finite element calculation module is used for carrying out harmonic response calculation according to the three-dimensional finite element geometric model sent by the static pressure deformation testing device and the boundary conditions, the excitation source and the testing frequency range of the viscoelastic material sample provided by the parameter inversion optimization calculation module to obtain the vibration response of the measuring point corresponding to the surface of the viscoelastic material sample;
the parameter inversion optimization calculation module is used for providing material parameter assignment required by harmonic response calculation for the finite element calculation module, receiving a vibration response calculation result of a surface measuring point of the viscoelastic material sample returned by the finite element calculation module, comparing the vibration response calculation result with a vibration detection signal sent by the Doppler laser vibration measurement device, updating material parameters according to an optimization algorithm, outputting the updated material parameters to the finite element calculation module again, outputting the material parameters which are finally output to the finite element calculation module after the optimization algorithm is converged as a viscoelastic material dynamic modulus inversion result, and sending the viscoelastic material dynamic modulus inversion result to a test control system.
2. The system for testing the dynamic modulus of a viscoelastic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material parameter inversion module further comprises a temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting module, the temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting module is connected with the parameter inversion optimization calculation module through an input/output interface,
the temperature-frequency equivalent main curve fitting module is used for receiving test temperature and pressure data transmitted by the temperature and pressure changing device from a test control system, receiving the inversion result of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material output by the parameter inversion optimization calculation module, and obtaining the material parameter main curves under different pressures and different reference temperatures through data fitting.
3. A viscoelastic material dynamic modulus test system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said transducer comprises:
the piezoelectric structure unit converts a driving signal output by the power amplifier into mechanical vibration and provides forced vibration for the viscoelastic material sample;
and the sample clamping device is used for fixing the viscoelastic material sample on the piezoelectric structure unit in a surface contact mode, and the contact surface of the sample clamping device and the viscoelastic material sample does not slide relatively during vibration.
4. A system for testing the dynamic modulus of a viscoelastic material as set forth in claim 3, wherein said power amplifier comprises:
the impedance matching unit is used for performing impedance matching with the piezoelectric structure unit so as to improve the power amplification efficiency;
and the power amplification unit is used for receiving a test signal sent by the test control system, outputting the test signal to the transducer after power amplification, and driving the piezoelectric structure unit to generate vibration.
5. A viscoelastic material dynamic modulus testing system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said doppler laser vibration measuring device comprises:
the optical unit comprises a laser source and an optical unit receiver, wherein the laser source emits laser to a viscoelastic material sample measuring point and then returns to the optical unit receiver;
the modulation and demodulation unit is used for acquiring the surface vibration signal of the viscoelastic material sample by adopting a heterodyne interference technology based on the Doppler effect through modulation and demodulation;
the X-Y scanning mirror is used for carrying out multi-point continuous scanning measurement on the surface of the viscoelastic material sample;
and the data transmission unit is used for transmitting the vibration detection signal to the test control system through the data transmission port.
6. A viscoelastic material dynamic modulus testing system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said temperature and pressure varying means comprises:
the temperature-changing and heat-preserving device increases or decreases the temperature of the first temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device or the second temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device according to the target temperature provided by the test control system, and keeps the temperature of the first temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device or the second temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device after the target temperature is reached until the test is finished; the temperature-changing and heat-preserving device monitors the temperature of the first temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device or the second temperature-changing and pressure-changing environment simulation device in real time through a thermocouple and feeds the temperature back to the test control system;
the variable pressure and pressure maintaining device is used for increasing or decreasing the pressure of the first variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device or the second variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device according to the target pressure provided by the test control system, and keeping the pressure of the first variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device or the second variable temperature and variable pressure environment simulation device after the target temperature is reached until the test is finished; the pressure varying and pressure maintaining device monitors the pressure of the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulating device or the second temperature and pressure varying environment simulating device in real time through the pressure sensor and feeds the pressure back to the test control system.
7. A viscoelastic material dynamic modulus test system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first temperature and pressure varying environment simulation device comprises a pressure-resistant cavity, a pressure-resistant light-transmitting optical glass and an optical reflection device;
the pressure-resistant cavity is used for accommodating and fixing the kinetic energy device and the viscoelastic material sample, is connected with the temperature and pressure changing device through a circulating pipeline to exchange a medium in a temperature and temperature changing environment, and further controls the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity, and the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity are monitored by the temperature and pressure changing device through a sensor;
the pressure-resistant light-transmitting optical glass is used for providing a full-transmission pressure-resistant optical channel for a detection light path of the Doppler laser vibration measurement device;
and the optical reflection device is used for controlling the direction of the detection light path for testing the vibration of different surfaces of the viscoelastic material sample so that the Doppler laser vibration measuring device can detect the vibration of different surfaces of the viscoelastic material sample.
The second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device comprises a pressure-resistant cavity, the pressure-resistant cavity is used for containing and fixing viscoelastic material samples, and is connected with the temperature and pressure changing device through a circulating pipeline to exchange pressure and temperature changing environment media so as to control the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity, and the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant cavity are monitored by the temperature and pressure changing device through a sensor; the second variable temperature and pressure vessel is transparent to X-rays for scanning a viscoelastic material sample therein.
8. A method for testing the dynamic modulus of a viscoelastic material by using the testing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the testing method is used for testing the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material under a simulated environmental condition with a certain temperature and pressure, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, connecting a testing device:
connecting a first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device and a second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device with a temperature and pressure changing device, connecting the temperature and pressure changing device with a test control system, connecting an energy converter with a power amplifier, connecting the test control system with the power amplifier, connecting a Doppler laser vibration measurement device with the test control system, connecting a static pressure deformation test device with the test control system, and connecting a material parameter inversion module with the test control system;
step 2, placing a viscoelastic material sample in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device:
opening a first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, fixing a viscoelastic material sample on the transducer through a sample clamping device, and marking the position of a corresponding measuring point on the outer surface of the viscoelastic material sample by using a laser reflective film;
step 3, vibration detection:
according to an instruction input by a human-computer interaction interface of the test control system, the test control system sends a target test temperature and pressure instruction to the temperature and pressure changing device, the temperature and pressure changing device starts to automatically adjust the temperature and pressure of the environment in the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, after the target temperature and the target pressure are reached, heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out until the vibration test is finished, and meanwhile, stable temperature and pressure values are output to the test control system; then, according to an instruction input through a human-computer interaction interface of the test control system, the test control system sends a start-stop instruction to the Doppler laser vibration measurement device, vibration test is carried out on a measurement point on the surface of the viscoelastic material sample in the first temperature and pressure change environment simulation device in a simulation environment with target temperature and target pressure, and a vibration detection signal is transmitted to the test control system;
step 4, static pressure deformation testing:
taking out a viscoelastic material sample from the first temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device, fixing the viscoelastic material sample in a second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device through a sample clamping device, sending a target test temperature and pressure instruction to the temperature and pressure changing device by a test control system according to an instruction sent by human-computer interaction equipment, starting to automatically adjust the environmental temperature and pressure in the second temperature and pressure changing environment simulation device by the temperature and pressure changing device, preserving heat and pressure until a test temperature and pressure target value is reached, keeping the temperature and pressure until a static pressure deformation test is finished, and simultaneously outputting the stable temperature and pressure value to the test control system; then, the static pressure deformation testing device carries out static pressure deformation testing on the viscoelastic material sample in a simulation environment with target temperature and target pressure, and the generated three-dimensional finite element geometric model is transmitted to a testing control system;
step 5, testing at different temperatures and pressures:
changing the target temperature and/or the target pressure, repeating the step 2-4, obtaining a viscoelastic material sample surface measuring point vibration test result and a three-dimensional finite element geometric model under the target temperature and/or the target pressure, and transmitting the test result and the three-dimensional finite element geometric model to a test control system; until all the vibration tests and static pressure deformation tests at the preset target temperature and/or target pressure are completed, the next step is carried out;
step 6, calculating the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material:
according to an instruction input by a human-computer interaction interface of a test control system, the test control system sends a starting instruction to a material parameter inversion module, a three-dimensional finite element geometric model under a certain temperature and pressure is input into a finite element calculation module, a vibration test signal of a surface test point of a viscoelastic material sample under the temperature and pressure is input into a parameter inversion optimization calculation module, the parameter inversion optimization calculation module firstly inputs an initial value of a material parameter into the finite element calculation module, the finite element calculation module carries out harmonic response calculation according to boundary conditions, an excitation source and a test frequency range of the viscoelastic material sample to obtain a vibration response corresponding to the surface test point of the viscoelastic material sample, the vibration response is input into the parameter inversion optimization calculation module for optimization, the material parameter updated by an optimization algorithm is output to the finite element calculation module again for iterative calculation, and after the algorithm converges, the material parameter output to the finite element calculation module for the last time is the inversion junction of the dynamic modulus of And if so, transmitting the inversion result to a test control system, and displaying the inversion result through a human-computer interaction device.
9. A method for testing the dynamic modulus of a viscoelastic material as set forth in claim 8, further comprising:
and 7, repeating the step 6 by adopting the three-dimensional finite element geometric models and the vibration test signals under different temperatures and/or pressures, and finally obtaining the inversion result of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material under the working conditions of different temperature and pressure environments.
10. A method for acquiring a main parameter curve of a viscoelastic material is used for acquiring the main parameter curve of the material under different pressures and different reference temperatures, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, selecting a certain pressure F from a plurality of inversion results of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material obtained by the test method according to claim 9jInversion data of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material at all temperatures;
drawing a wicket graph by using the selected data, checking the smoothness of the graph, removing the data with larger errors, and obtaining a smooth standard wicket graph; wherein j represents the serial number of the pressure;
step three, adopting the data selected in the step one, and obtaining parameters α and E in the H-N model through data fitting0And E∞Wherein α determines the loss peak width, β determines the loss peak symmetry, E0Is the rubbery modulus, E∞Is the glassy modulus;
step four, adopting the data selected in the step one and the parameters α, E in the H-N model obtained in the step0And E∞Obtaining the pressure F by fitting the datajTau (T) for each temperature ofi) Value, wherein τ (T)i) Indicates the reference temperature TiRelaxation time under the conditions, i represents the number of temperatures;
step five, regarding the pressure FjTau (T) for each temperature ofi) Value, according to WLF equation, selecting corresponding temperature TiAs reference temperature, the pressure F is obtained by data fittingjReference temperature TiThe pressure F is plotted for C1 and C2 in the WLF equation belowjReference temperature TiA lower material parameter master curve;
step six, selecting the inversion data of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material at all temperatures under other pressures from the inversion results of the dynamic modulus of the viscoelastic material obtained by the test method according to claim 9, and repeating the step two to the step five to obtain the main curves of the material parameters under different pressures and different reference temperatures.
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