CN111747925B - Nicotine purification method - Google Patents
Nicotine purification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111747925B CN111747925B CN202010614621.4A CN202010614621A CN111747925B CN 111747925 B CN111747925 B CN 111747925B CN 202010614621 A CN202010614621 A CN 202010614621A CN 111747925 B CN111747925 B CN 111747925B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Abstract
The invention provides a nicotine purification method, which comprises the following steps: putting nicotine to be treated into a short-range molecular distiller, rectifying under the conditions of temperature of 20-60 ℃ and pressure of 10-20mbar, taking heavy components, putting the heavy components into the short-range molecular distiller again, rectifying under the conditions of temperature of 40-80 ℃ and pressure of 0.01-1mbar, taking light components, dissolving the light components into a mobile phase, introducing the light components into a high-speed counter-current chromatograph with established stationary phase-mobile phase dynamic balance through a sample introduction valve, collecting nicotine solution by utilizing an ultraviolet detector spectrum or a high performance liquid chromatography, and concentrating the nicotine solution to obtain high-purity nicotine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of purification of natural products, in particular to a nicotine purification method.
Background
Nicotine, also known as nicotine, is an important pharmaceutical and chemical raw material, and is mainly extracted from tobacco leaves or tobacco stems, wherein in the current industrial production, alkali liquor is adopted to extract free nicotine from tobacco raw materials, and then the free nicotine is extracted by an organic solvent, and then the free nicotine is extracted by acid liquor and an organic solvent to obtain nicotine with relatively high purity.
Therefore, how to provide a nicotine purification method which has an industrial application prospect, can effectively purify nicotine and is not easy to generate three wastes is called a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a purification method of nicotine, which can effectively separate nicotine with similar boiling points and less waste solvent.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the invention provides a nicotine purification method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, putting nicotine to be treated into a short-range molecular distiller, and rectifying at the temperature of 20-60 ℃ and under the pressure of 10-20mbar to obtain heavy components;
step two, putting the heavy component obtained in the step one into a short-distance molecular distiller again, rectifying the heavy component at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.01-1mbar, and taking a light component;
dissolving the light component obtained in the step two in a mobile phase, feeding the light component into a high-speed counter-current chromatograph with established stationary phase-mobile phase dynamic balance through a sample injection valve, and collecting nicotine solution by utilizing an ultraviolet detector spectrum or a high performance liquid chromatography;
and step four, concentrating the nicotine solution obtained in the step three to obtain the high-purity nicotine.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, in the step one, the temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the pressure is 10-15mbar.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, in the second step, the temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the pressure is 0.01-0.05mbar.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, in step three, the method for establishing the stationary phase-mobile phase dynamic equilibrium by the high-speed countercurrent chromatograph includes:
step one, respectively preparing a stationary phase solvent system and a mobile phase solvent system;
filling the high-speed counter-current chromatograph with the stationary phase, setting the temperature of the constant-temperature circulator, adjusting the rotating speed of a host of the high-speed counter-current chromatograph, finally pumping the mobile phase, detecting by using an ultraviolet detector, and when the mobile phase flows out obviously, establishing the stationary phase-mobile phase dynamic balance by the high-speed counter-current chromatograph.
More preferably, the preparation method of the stationary phase solvent system and the mobile phase solvent system comprises the steps of mixing and stirring petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water uniformly, standing for layering, taking the upper layer as the stationary phase, and taking the lower layer as the mobile phase.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the petroleum ether: ethyl acetate: methanol: the volume ratio of water is (3-5): (3-5): (4-7): (3-6).
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the petroleum ether: ethyl acetate: methanol: the volume ratio of water is (3-4): (3-4): (5-6): (5-6).
On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, in the third step, the temperature of the constant temperature circulator is 20-30 ℃.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, in the third step, the rotating speed of a main engine of the high-speed countercurrent chromatograph is 800-1200r/min.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the pumping speed of the mobile phase is preferably 0.5-5ml/min.
Compared with the prior art, the nicotine purification method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method utilizes the short-path molecular distiller to carry out rectification twice on the nicotine crude product, respectively removes low-boiling impurities and high-boiling impurities, reduces the types of the impurities in the nicotine crude product, and then utilizes the high-speed counter-current chromatograph to carry out impurity separation, does not need the high-temperature process of conventional rectification, does not need a large amount of cost brought by adsorption of a resin tower and the cleaning treatment flow of the resin tower, has high production efficiency, can produce more pure nicotine as far as possible, and has good application prospect;
(2) The whole purification method has simple steps, the distillation efficiency of the short-range molecular distiller is high, nicotine can be prevented from being at a higher temperature, more impurities are avoided, and after primary impurity separation, the nicotine is purified by using a more accurate high-speed counter-current chromatograph, so that the investment of raw materials can be reduced, the yield is improved, and meanwhile, the operation method is simple and has a good application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a gas chromatography-mass spectrum of a nicotine solution of the heavy component obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a gas chromatography-mass spectrum of a nicotine solution of the light fraction obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a gas chromatography-mass spectrum of the high purity nicotine solution obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The nicotine purification method of this example is as follows:
putting nicotine with low purity obtained by conventional preparation into a short-distance molecular distiller, keeping the temperature in the short-distance molecular distiller at 60 ℃ and the pressure at 20mbar, rectifying the nicotine, and taking heavy components;
putting the heavy component into another short-path molecular distiller, keeping the temperature in the short-path molecular distiller at 80 ℃ and the pressure at 1mbar, rectifying the heavy component, and taking the light component;
petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water are configured according to a volume ratio of 3.
Example 2
The nicotine purification method of this example is as follows:
putting nicotine with low purity obtained by conventional preparation into a short-distance molecular distiller, keeping the temperature in the short-distance molecular distiller at 20 ℃ and the pressure at 10mbar, rectifying the nicotine, and taking heavy components;
putting the heavy component into another short-path molecular distiller, keeping the temperature in the short-path molecular distiller at 40 ℃ and the pressure at 0.01mbar, and rectifying the heavy component to obtain a light component;
the method comprises the following steps of configuring petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water according to a volume ratio of 5.
Example 3
The nicotine purification method of this example is as follows:
putting nicotine with low purity obtained by conventional preparation into a short-distance molecular distiller, keeping the temperature in the short-distance molecular distiller at 40 ℃ and the pressure at 15mbar, rectifying the nicotine, and taking heavy components;
putting the heavy component into another short-path molecular distiller, keeping the temperature in the short-path molecular distiller at 60 ℃ and the pressure at 0.05mbar, and rectifying the heavy component to obtain a light component;
the method comprises the following steps of configuring petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water according to a volume ratio of 4 to 6, mixing and stirring, standing for layering, taking the lower layer as a mobile phase, taking the upper layer as a stationary phase, injecting the stationary phase into a high-speed counter-current chromatograph until the stationary phase is filled in the high-speed counter-current chromatograph, starting a main machine of the high-speed counter-current chromatograph, adjusting the rotating speed to be 1000r/min, keeping the temperature of a constant-temperature circulator to be 25 ℃, injecting the mobile phase at the speed of 3ml/min, continuously injecting samples until the obvious mobile phase flows out, dissolving a light component into the mobile phase, continuously injecting samples, detecting the mobile phase by using an ultraviolet detector, wherein the wavelength of the ultraviolet detector is 240nm-280nm, starting to collect the mobile phase when the mobile phase flowing out by the ultraviolet detector contains a peak shape of nicotine, and concentrating after the collection is finished to obtain the high-purity nicotine.
Example 4
The nicotine purification method of this example is as follows:
putting nicotine with low purity obtained by conventional preparation into a short-distance molecular distiller, keeping the temperature in the short-distance molecular distiller at 40 ℃ and the pressure at 12mbar, rectifying the nicotine, and taking heavy components;
putting the heavy component into another short-path molecular distiller, keeping the temperature in the short-path molecular distiller at 60 ℃ and the pressure at 0.02mbar, and rectifying the heavy component to obtain a light component;
the method comprises the following steps of configuring petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water according to a volume ratio of 4.
The high purity nicotine prepared in the above examples 1 to 4, and the heavy component and the light component obtained in the middle were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the yield of the high purity nicotine prepared in the examples 1 to 4 was calculated, and the results of the detection and calculation are as follows:
the results of testing the high purity nicotine were as follows:
the results of the detection of the light fraction were as follows:
the detection results of the obtained heavy components were as follows:
the yields of examples 1 to 4 were as follows
The nicotine purification method comprises the steps of firstly adopting a short-path molecular distiller to carry out primary purification, separating impurities with large boiling point difference and other alkaloids, simultaneously adopting a low-temperature low-pressure high-efficiency distillation mode of the short-path molecular distiller to prevent the nicotine from generating additional impurities in the distillation process as much as possible to influence the quality and yield of the nicotine, preprocessing the short-path molecular distiller to improve the purification production efficiency, then utilizing a high-speed counter-current chromatograph to further separate the nicotine purified by two times of distillation, wherein part of impurities in the nicotine are close to the boiling point of the nicotine, so that the conventional rectification mode is difficult to separate, the temperature of the nicotine is high, the rectification needs high-temperature treatment, the outward impurities are easy to generate again, adopting a specific stationary phase and mobile phase system to separate the nicotine, adopting the high-speed counter-current chromatograph to separate, the loss of materials can be reduced, and a large amount of solvents and solid phase adsorption materials are not needed, thereby greatly reducing the cost, preventing the waste solvents from polluting the environment, omitting an elution step and shortening the production flow.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of nicotine purification comprising the steps of:
step one, putting nicotine to be treated into a short-distance molecular distiller, and rectifying under the conditions that the temperature is 20-60 ℃ and the pressure is 10-20mbar to obtain heavy components;
step two, putting the heavy component obtained in the step one into a short-distance molecular distiller again, rectifying the heavy component at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.01-1mbar, and taking a light component;
dissolving the light component obtained in the step two in a mobile phase, feeding the light component into a high-speed counter-current chromatograph with established stationary phase-mobile phase dynamic balance through a sample injection valve, and collecting nicotine solution by using an ultraviolet detector spectrum or a high performance liquid chromatography;
step four, concentrating the nicotine solution obtained in the step three to obtain nicotine;
in the third step, the method for establishing the stationary phase-mobile phase dynamic balance by the high-speed countercurrent chromatograph comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively preparing a stationary phase solvent system and a mobile phase solvent system;
s2, filling the high-speed counter-current chromatograph with the stationary phase, setting the temperature of a constant temperature circulator, adjusting the rotating speed of a host of the high-speed counter-current chromatograph, finally pumping the mobile phase, detecting by using an ultraviolet detector, and when the mobile phase flows out obviously, establishing stationary phase-mobile phase dynamic balance by the high-speed counter-current chromatograph;
the preparation method of the stationary phase solvent system and the mobile phase solvent system comprises the steps of mixing petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water, uniformly stirring, standing, layering, taking the upper layer as a stationary phase, and taking the lower layer as a mobile phase;
the petroleum ether: ethyl acetate: methanol: the volume ratio of water is (3-5): (3-5): (4-7): (5-6).
2. A process for the purification of nicotine according to claim 1, wherein in step one the temperature is 40-60 ℃ and the pressure is 10-15mbar.
3. The nicotine purification process according to claim 1, wherein in step two, the temperature is 60-80 ℃ and the pressure is 0.01-0.05mbar.
4. A nicotine purification process according to claim 1, in step three, the temperature of the constant temperature circulator is 20-30 ℃.
5. The nicotine purification method according to claim 1, wherein in step three, the rotation speed of the high-speed counter-current chromatograph is 800-1200r/min.
6. The nicotine purification method of claim 1, in which the mobile phase is pumped at a rate of 0.5 to 5ml/min.
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| CN202010614621.4A CN111747925B (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Nicotine purification method |
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| CN202010614621.4A CN111747925B (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Nicotine purification method |
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| CN111747925B true CN111747925B (en) | 2022-11-08 |
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| CN103145722A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-06-12 | 福建省微生物研究所 | Method for separating and purifying epothilone by high-speed counter-current chromatography |
| CN105111184A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-02 | 恩施和诺生物工程有限责任公司 | Preparation method of high-purity nicotine |
| CN105566289A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-05-11 | 北京本草通汇科技中心 | Preparation method of high purity nicotine |
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| CN110946318A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-03 | 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of natural nicotine for electronic cigarette |
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- 2020-06-30 CN CN202010614621.4A patent/CN111747925B/en active Active
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| CN103145722A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-06-12 | 福建省微生物研究所 | Method for separating and purifying epothilone by high-speed counter-current chromatography |
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| CN105111184A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-02 | 恩施和诺生物工程有限责任公司 | Preparation method of high-purity nicotine |
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| CN110946318A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-03 | 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of natural nicotine for electronic cigarette |
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Denomination of invention: A Method for Purification of Nicotine Effective date of registration: 20230912 Granted publication date: 20221108 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Corporation Enshi branch Pledgor: HUBEI HENO BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023980056381 |