CN111742854B - Device and method for detecting animal pattern recognition capability - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting animal pattern recognition capability Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K29/005—Monitoring or measuring activity, e.g. detecting heat or mating
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Abstract
The application relates to a device and a method for detecting animal pattern recognition capability, comprising the following steps: the device comprises two box bodies provided with openings, a conditional vision stimulation assembly and an image acquisition assembly, wherein one box body is arranged in the other box body, and the inner box body is a transparent box body and is used for placing animals to be tested; the bottom of the inner box body is provided with an electric shock component, and the electric shock component plays contents according to the conditional visual stimulus component to shock the animal to be tested; the conditional visual stimulation component is arranged on the inner wall of the outer box body and used for playing a conditional stimulation pattern, a non-associated stimulation pattern and a test stimulation pattern; the image acquisition component is arranged at the top and/or the side wall of the inner box body and is used for recording the response of the animal to be tested after the image played by the visual stimulation component is watched. The method utilizes the comparison of the dead time generated by the conditioned fear stimulus and the independent stimulus to realize the detection of the animal pattern recognition capability, and is particularly suitable for animals with poor exercise capability and azimuth capability.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a device and a method for detecting animal pattern recognition capability, belonging to the technical field of animal behavior detection.
Background
Fear behavior is one of the basic behaviors of animals, which usually feel external dangerous stimuli and are internally fear, and some of the stimuli are direct stimuli, such as acupuncture, electric shock, strong sound and the like, which usually cause pain or shock physiological response of the animals, thereby generating fear; more fear is generated by these conditional stimuli that are directly related to adverse physiological psychological reactions. Fear, particularly conditional fear, is an important basis for animal survival and reflects a clear and reliable learning and memory mechanism.
Fear conditioning is a habitual fear response that links shock stimulus and neutral stimulus (e.g., acoustic, optical stimulus). Its basic behavior index, stiffness reaction, accords with the basic physiological characteristics of animals and is spontaneous behavior. Almost no dependence on other conditions occurs, and can be accomplished in all animals that are awake. The method is simple and reliable, but is mostly used for researching the mechanism of fear generation and extinction of animals at present, and is not applied to reports of animal pattern recognition capability detection.
On the other hand, in animal pattern recognition capability test, it is common practice in the prior art to employ a water maze or a T maze. Although these methods can perform basic tests, there are high demands on the ability of the animals to exercise, particularly in the water maze, where identification and selection needs to be made. The experimenter first needs to spend a great deal of time training animals to adapt to the water environment. Some model animals with movement disorders cannot even be tested.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the application aims to provide a device and a method for detecting the animal pattern recognition capability, which are characterized in that a conditional visual stimulation component is additionally arranged outside a transparent test box, so that pattern stimulation and fear are combined, the animal pattern recognition capability is detected by comparing the dead time generated by the conditional fear stimulation and irrelevant stimulation, the detection method is simple, the accuracy is high, the animal is not required to be pre-trained, and the device and the method are particularly suitable for animals with poor exercise capability and azimuth capability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: an animal pattern recognition capability detection apparatus comprising: the device comprises two box bodies provided with openings, a conditional vision stimulation assembly and an image acquisition assembly, wherein one box body is arranged in the other box body, and the inner box body is a transparent box body and is used for placing animals to be tested; the bottom of the inner box body is provided with an electric shock component, and the electric shock component plays contents according to the conditional visual stimulus component to shock the animal to be tested; the conditional visual stimulation component is arranged on the inner wall of the outer box body and used for playing a conditional stimulation pattern, a non-associated stimulation pattern and a test stimulation pattern; the image acquisition component is arranged at the top and/or the side wall of the inner box body and is used for recording the response of the animal to be tested after the image played by the visual stimulation component is watched.
Further, the reaction of the animal to be tested, which is obtained by the image obtaining component, is the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested, and the image obtaining component records the time of the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested.
Further, the condition visual stimulus component is a liquid crystal display screen, the number of the liquid crystal display screens is at least one, and the liquid crystal display screen is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer box body and at the same height as eyes of the animal to be detected.
Further, the opening of the inner case is an inwardly opened door.
Further, the top of the outer box body is provided with a high-frequency loudspeaker for generating background white noise in the experimental process.
Further, a sound absorption material is attached to the inner side of the outer box body and used for shading and insulating sound; the top of the outer box body is provided with an LED environment lighting lamp.
Further, the electric shock assembly is a fence type electric shock plate consisting of a plurality of electric shock rods.
The application also discloses a method for detecting the animal pattern recognition capability, which adopts the device for detecting the animal pattern recognition capability, and comprises the following steps: s1, enabling an animal to be tested to adapt to the box body environment in a first experiment time; s2, in the second experiment time, playing a conditional stimulation pattern and a non-associated stimulation pattern through the conditional visual stimulation component, wherein the electric shock component is used for shocking feet of the animal to be tested when the conditional stimulation pattern is played, the electric shock component is used for not shocking the animal to be tested when the non-associated stimulation pattern is played, and the image acquisition component is used for recording the time of the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested; s3, in the third experimental time, playing a conditional stimulation pattern, a non-associated stimulation pattern and a test stimulation pattern through the conditional vision stimulation component, wherein the electric shock component is used for shocking feet of the animal to be tested when the conditional stimulation pattern is played, and is used for not shocking the animal to be tested when the non-associated stimulation pattern and the test stimulation pattern are played, and the image acquisition component is used for recording the time of the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested; s4, determining the identification capability of the animal to be tested on different images according to the time of the animal to be tested on the stiff behaviors of the animal to be tested on the different images in the steps S2 and S3.
Further, the first experiment time is 1-3 days, and the animal to be tested is put into the inner box body for activity for 10-15 minutes every day; the second experiment time is 4 th to 8 th days; the third experiment time was started on day 9 until the end of the experiment.
Further, the time error is not greater than 20ms at the last second of playing the conditional stimulus pattern.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the application has the following advantages:
1. the external part of the transparent inner box body is additionally provided with the conditional vision stimulus component, so that the graphic stimulus and the fear are combined, the detection of the animal graphic recognition capability is realized by comparing the dead time generated by the conditional fear stimulus and the irrelevant stimulus, the detection method is simple, the accuracy is high, the animal is not required to be pretrained, and the method is particularly suitable for animals with poor exercise capability and azimuth capability.
2. The fear conditioned stiff reaction is used as a data index, and the method has the advantages of stable and reliable results, can identify different patterns in a ms-level time window, and obviously improves the detection precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for detecting animal pattern recognition capability according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a pattern stimulus during a second experiment time according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a pattern stimulus presentation manner in a third experimental time according to a method for detecting animal pattern recognition capability in an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the drawings:
1-opening; 2-a conditional visual stimulus component; 3-an image acquisition component; 4-an inner box body; 5-an outer box body; 6-electric shock assembly.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to specific examples thereof in order to better understand the technical direction of the present application by those skilled in the art. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description is presented only to provide a better understanding of the application, and should not be taken to limit the application. In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terminology used is for the purpose of description only and is not to be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a detection device for animal pattern recognition capability, as shown in fig. 1, including: two boxes provided with openings 1, a conditional vision stimulating assembly 2 and an image acquisition assembly 3,
the two boxes, one of which is arranged in the other box, namely the inner box 4 is arranged in the outer box 5, the inner box 4 is a transparent box for placing the animal to be tested, so that the conditional visual stimulus component 2 arranged on the inner side of the outer box 5 can be observed by the animal; the bottom of the inner box body 4 is provided with an electric shock component 6, and the electric shock component 6 plays contents according to the conditional visual stimulus component 2 to perform electric shock on the animal to be tested; an outer case 5 for shielding external noise and interference; the conditional visual stimulus component 2 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer box body 5 and is used for playing a conditional stimulus pattern, a non-associated stimulus pattern and a test stimulus pattern; the image acquisition component 3 is arranged at the top and/or the side wall of the inner box 4 and is used for recording the response of the animal to be tested after watching the graph played by the conditional visual stimulation component 2.
The reaction of the animal to be tested, which is acquired by the image acquisition component 3, is the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested, and the image acquisition component 3 records the time of the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested. The image acquisition unit 3 may be a device having photographing and video recording functions such as a video camera, a camera, an infrared imager, or the like, and is not particularly limited in the present application. In this embodiment, the image acquisition component 3 is preferably an infrared camera, and the imaging resolution of the infrared camera is 640×480, so that the animal behavior can be comprehensively shot under the dark or light condition.
In this embodiment, the inner case 4 is preferably made of a transparent PC board, and has a square cross section, twice as high as long, and preferably 30×30×50 cm in size, and the opening 1 is located above the side surface of the inner case 4, and is provided with a door that opens downward, so that the animal is conveniently taken and placed, and is not easy to escape during the taking and placing process. The size of the inner case 4 may be selected according to the size of the animal to be tested. The animals to be tested may be mice, rabbits, cats, dogs, etc., and since the embodiment is directed to animals, the size of the inner case 4 is 30×30×50 cm. The outer box body 5 is a sound insulation box made of PVC, and the inner side of the outer box body is coated with a sound absorption material, so that the outer box body has the effects of shading light and insulating sound. The top of the outer box body 5 is provided with a high-frequency loudspeaker for generating background white noise in the experimental process, further reducing interference in the experimental process and maintaining stable experimental conditions. The top of the outer case 5 is provided with an LED ambient lighting lamp for providing a sufficient light source to record the conditioned fear behavior, i.e. the stiff behavior, of the animal.
The condition visual stimulus component 2 is a liquid crystal display screen, the number of the liquid crystal display screen is at least one, and the liquid crystal display screen is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer box body 5 and at the same height with eyes of the animal to be detected. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal display is preferably four, and the liquid crystal display is respectively located on four side walls of the outer case 5. The size of the liquid crystal display in this embodiment is preferably 164.8mm×124.3mm. The liquid crystal screen can be displayed singly or together, and the animal can observe the graph or dynamic image displayed on the liquid crystal screen in the box body. The playing time of the conditional stimulation pattern, the non-associated stimulation pattern and the test stimulation pattern, the playing mode, whether the conditional visual stimulation pattern is matched with the electric shock and the like, which are played by the conditional visual stimulation component 2, are automatically controlled by a software system.
The electric shock assembly 6 is a fence type electric shock plate consisting of a plurality of electric shock rods, wherein the distance between the electric shock rods is 1cm, and 28 electric shock rods are supplied with power by a constant current power supply.
Example two
Based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment discloses a method for detecting animal pattern recognition capability, which adopts the apparatus for detecting animal pattern recognition capability according to any one of the first embodiment, and includes the following steps:
s1, placing animals to be tested into a detection device with animal pattern recognition capability for 10-15 minutes every day in a first experiment time, namely 1-3 days, so that each animal can move in the detection device to adapt to the environment; then, the excrement and urine in the interior is cleaned, and the inner case 4 is wiped with medical alcohol. The animal can enter the next stage experiment without obvious stress reaction in the inner box body 4.
S2, in a second experiment time, namely, on days 4-8, placing the animal to be tested into an animal pattern recognition capability detection device, and playing a conditional stimulation pattern CS and a non-associated stimulation pattern NS through a conditional visual stimulation component 2, wherein as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of (6CS+6NS or 8CS+8NS) conditional stimulation CS and non-associated stimulation NS are randomly played, and the playing time is 50S. The random interval time exists between the stimuli played each time, the interval time is randomly added from 80S to 120S, when the conditional stimulus pattern is played, the electric shock component 6 is used for shocking feet of the animal to be tested, when the non-associated stimulus pattern is played, the electric shock component 6 is not used for shocking the animal to be tested, and the image acquisition component 3 is used for recording the time of the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested; and when the last second of the conditional stimulation pattern is played, the electric shock component 6 shocks the feet of the animal to be tested, the time error is not more than 20ms, and the conditional stimulation pattern and the electric shock are finished simultaneously. When the animal receives the CS graphic signal, the animal will develop a rigid response. While no response to NS patterns, or a stiff response with a shorter duration than the conditional stimulus. Illustrating that animals effectively distinguish between the two patterns.
S3, in the third experimental time, placing the animal to be tested into an animal pattern recognition capability detection device, as shown in FIG. 3, randomly playing a conditional stimulation pattern CS, a non-associated stimulation pattern NS and a test stimulation pattern TS through a conditional visual stimulation component 2, wherein the playing time of each pattern is 50S, when the conditional stimulation pattern is played, an electric shock component 6 is used for electric shock of feet of the animal to be tested, when the non-associated stimulation pattern and the test stimulation pattern are played, the electric shock component 6 is used for not electric shock of the animal to be tested, and the image acquisition component 3 is used for recording the time of the rigidity behavior of the animal to be tested; the time of detecting stiffness of the pattern and the stiffness time of the conditional stimulus do not differ significantly from each other, but differ significantly from the unrelated stimulus, indicating that the test pattern and the conditional stimulus are indistinguishable, and the unrelated stimulus can be distinguished.
S4, determining the identification capability of the animal to be tested on different images according to the time of the animal to be tested on the stiff behaviors of the animal to be tested on the different images in the steps S2 and S3.
According to the steps, the first experiment time is a preparation step before the experiment, so that the animal adapts to the environment of the whole experimental device, and the influence of additional variables on the experiment accuracy is reduced; the second experiment time is the time for pattern recognition learning, and the data of pattern recognition of the animal can be obtained by connecting the CS pattern with the electric stimulation and analyzing the stiff behavior of the animal after the pattern is presented to obtain quantized data; and the third experimental time is the test time, and a new TS pattern is introduced. The ability of animals to distinguish between different patterns was assessed by recording their behavioral response (stiffness time) after the appearance of TS patterns and comparing them after the appearance of CS patterns.
In particular, TS graphics and NS graphics mean safe graphics, while CS graphics mean potentially dangerous graphics. The animal is exposed to different patterns producing a stiff response and a duration of response that is different. These actions are recorded by the image acquisition component 3 above the detection means. Specifically, the image acquisition assembly 3 comprises at least one camera, a control system and analysis software, which are electrically connected correspondingly, the camera inputs the photographed video into the analysis software, the analysis software can identify and quantify the data of the stiff behaviour, and by collating and analyzing these quantified data, the pattern recognition behaviour of the animal can be studied.
The playing time of the conditional stimulation pattern, the non-associated stimulation pattern and the test stimulation pattern, the time interval, the playing mode, whether the conditional visual stimulation pattern, the non-associated stimulation pattern and the test stimulation pattern are matched with the electric shock, the starting time and the ending time of the electric shock, the white noise background sound and the like are automatically controlled by a software system.
To prevent external sound interference during the experiment, the ambient plus background white noise was 80 db at sound intensity throughout the experiment. For each of the above steps, it is also necessary to control other variables that affect the accuracy of the data, such as the temperature, humidity, noise, and illumination of the environment. To ensure that the animal to be tested is not affected by the smell of the previous animal in each experimental step, the experimental setup is cleaned and smell masked, preferably with 70% alcohol after each step.
Compared with the existing pattern recognition technology, the method for detecting the animal pattern recognition capability can overcome the requirements of other detection technologies on the animal motion capability by utilizing the fear conditioning principle. The fear conditioned stiff reaction is used as a data index, and the method has the advantages of stable and reliable results, can identify different patterns in a ms-level time window, and obviously improves the detection precision.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is intended to be covered by the claims. The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily appreciate variations or alternatives within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for detecting animal pattern recognition capability is characterized in that a device for detecting animal pattern recognition capability is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps: two boxes provided with openings, a conditional vision stimulating component and an image acquisition component,
the two box bodies are arranged in one box body, and the inner box body is a transparent box body and is used for placing animals to be tested; the bottom of the inner box body is provided with an electric shock component, and the electric shock component plays content according to the conditional visual stimulus component to shock the animal to be tested;
the conditional visual stimulation component is arranged on the inner wall of the outer box body and is used for playing a conditional stimulation pattern, a non-associated stimulation pattern and a test stimulation pattern;
the image acquisition component is arranged at the top and/or the side wall of the inner box body and is used for recording the response of the animal to be tested after watching the graph played by the conditional visual stimulus component;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, enabling an animal to be tested to adapt to the box body environment in a first experiment time;
s2, in the second experimental time, playing a conditional stimulation pattern and a non-associated stimulation pattern through a conditional visual stimulation component, wherein when the conditional stimulation pattern is played, the electric shock component is used for shocking feet of the animal to be tested, and when the non-associated stimulation pattern is played, the electric shock component is used for not shocking the animal to be tested, and the image acquisition component is used for recording the time of the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested;
s3, in the third experimental time, playing a conditional stimulation pattern, a non-associated stimulation pattern and a test stimulation pattern through a conditional vision stimulation component, wherein when the conditional stimulation pattern is played, the electric shock component is used for shocking feet of the animal to be tested, when the non-associated stimulation pattern and the test stimulation pattern are played, the electric shock component is used for not shocking the animal to be tested, and the image acquisition component is used for recording the time of the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested;
s4, determining the identification capability of the animal to be tested on different images according to the time of the animal to be tested on the stiff behaviors of the animal to be tested on the different images in the steps S2 and S3.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the response of the animal to be tested obtained by the image obtaining component is a stiff behavior of the animal to be tested, and the image obtaining component records a time of the stiff behavior of the animal to be tested.
3. The method for detecting animal pattern recognition capability according to claim 1, wherein the conditional visual stimulus component is a liquid crystal display screen, the number of the liquid crystal display screens is at least one, and the liquid crystal display screen is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer box body and at the same height as eyes of the animal to be detected.
4. The method of detecting animal pattern recognition capability according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the inner case is an inwardly opened door.
5. The method for detecting animal pattern recognition capability according to claim 1, wherein a high-frequency horn is arranged at the top of the outer box body, so as to generate background white noise in the experimental process.
6. The method for detecting the animal pattern recognition capability according to claim 5, wherein a sound absorbing material is applied to the inner side of the outer case for shading light and insulating sound; and an LED ambient lighting lamp is arranged at the top of the outer box body.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the shock assembly is a fence-type shock panel comprising a plurality of shock bars.
8. The method for detecting the pattern recognition capability of an animal according to claim 1, wherein the first experiment time is 1-3 days, during which the animal to be tested is put into the inner box for activity for 10-15 minutes every day; the second experiment time is 4 th to 8 th days; the third experiment time is from day 9 to the end of the experiment.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the time error is not more than 20ms at the last second of playing the conditional stimulus pattern.
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| CN114514881B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-04-21 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Experimental equipment |
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| CN111742854A (en) | 2020-10-09 |
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