CN111740129A - Bipolar plate of fuel cell and fuel cell - Google Patents

Bipolar plate of fuel cell and fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111740129A
CN111740129A CN202010456896.XA CN202010456896A CN111740129A CN 111740129 A CN111740129 A CN 111740129A CN 202010456896 A CN202010456896 A CN 202010456896A CN 111740129 A CN111740129 A CN 111740129A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
plate
graphite
flow path
metal plate
grooves
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Pending
Application number
CN202010456896.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈文坚
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Suzhou Xinhe Zhida Energy Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Xinhe Zhida Energy Technology Co ltd
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Publication of CN111740129A publication Critical patent/CN111740129A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention provides a bipolar plate of a fuel cell and the fuel cell, wherein the bipolar plate comprises a graphite plate and a metal plate which are compounded with each other, a first flow path is arranged on one surface of the graphite plate, which is back to the metal plate, the metal plate is punched and formed, grooves with alternate concave and convex are formed on the front surface and the back surface, the grooves on one side of the metal plate, which is back to the graphite plate, form a second flow path, and the grooves on one side of the metal plate, which is facing to the graphite plate, form a third flow path. The bipolar plate combines the graphite plate and the metal plate, thereby overcoming the defects of low strength and easy damage of the graphite bipolar plate and solving the problem of easy corrosion of the metal bipolar plate. Compared with the method for processing the grooves by carving in the graphite bipolar plate in the prior art, the method for pressing the grooves by the graphite plate has the advantages of high production efficiency, low cost and batch production.

Description

Bipolar plate of fuel cell and fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a bipolar plate of a fuel cell and the fuel cell.
Background
A fuel cell is a device for generating electric energy using an electrochemical reaction of a fuel and an oxidant, and a single fuel cell unit supplies too small a voltage, so that it is necessary to arrange a plurality of single cells in series in a stacked manner. In this arrangement, two adjacent cells may share a common plate, which serves as the anode and cathode of the two adjacent cells, respectively, i.e. the two adjacent cells are connected in series by the plate, which serves as the anode of one of the cells and the cathode of the other cell, and is referred to as a bipolar plate.
The bipolar plate plays important roles of gas distribution, electric conduction, heat conduction, water drainage and the like in the working process of the fuel cell, and the finding of a novel bipolar plate material with excellent performance and low cost and a processing method are important subjects of the fuel cell. The bipolar plate types in the industry are currently classified into metal bipolar plates, graphite bipolar plates, and the like.
The metal bipolar plate has the advantages of high power, low cost and strong pressure resistance, but the metal corrosion resistance is weaker, and meanwhile, a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell during operation can be slightly degraded, so that the pH value of generated water is weak acidity, an oxide film on the oxygen electrode side of the metal bipolar plate can be thickened, and the cell performance is reduced. Under the circumstances, a nano coating mode is needed, so that the microstructure of the nano coating is continuous and compact under the micro condition, and the nano coating is well combined with a matrix. In the processing technology, when the metal plate is stamped, after one surface of the metal plate is processed into a groove, the other surface of the metal plate is correspondingly protruded, so that the two metal plates are difficult to bond, and meanwhile, the metal plate has large mass, so that the fuel cell is overweight.
The graphite bipolar plate has the advantages of strong corrosion resistance and good electric and thermal conductivity, but has poor air tightness, higher cost and long processing time. In terms of processing technology, CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) equipment is mainly used for fine modification, flow field design and engraving, the manufacturing time is long, the mass production capacity is not available, the cost of the method can often account for one third of the cost of a battery stack, and the method can only be used for experimental products. In addition, the graphite bipolar plate has low strength and is easy to break.
In the prior art, a composite bipolar plate is formed by compounding a metal plate and a graphite plate, so that the strength of the graphite plate is improved. However, the composite bipolar plate is formed by embedding the metal plate into the groove of the graphite plate, the thickness of the bipolar plate is increased due to the structure, the heat dissipation effect is poor, air is easily clamped between the metal plate and the graphite plate, and if the air between the metal plate and the graphite plate is not completely exhausted, the phenomenon of poor contact can be caused, and the inside of the battery can expand to damage the battery in the use process of the fuel battery.
In the existing composite bipolar plate, in order to ensure the complete adhesion between the metal plate and the graphite plate, the gas between the metal plate and the graphite plate needs to be exhausted, and the metal plate and the graphite plate are completely bonded by using conductive adhesive, but the conductive adhesive is expensive, and the manufacturing cost of the bipolar plate is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bipolar plate and a fuel cell with good conductivity and good toughness.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a bipolar plate of a fuel cell, which comprises a graphite plate and a metal plate which are contacted with each other, wherein a first flow path is arranged on one surface of the graphite plate, which is back to the metal plate, grooves with alternate concave and convex are formed on the front surface and the back surface of the metal plate, the grooves on one side of the metal plate, which is back to the graphite plate, form a second flow path, and the grooves on one side of the metal plate, which is facing to the graphite plate, form a third flow path.
Preferably, the graphite plate is a flexible graphite plate, and the first flow path is formed by pressing the surface of the graphite plate.
Preferably, the first flow path is an oxidizer flow path, the second flow path is a fuel flow path, and the third flow path is a cooling flow path through which a coolant or a cooling gas can pass.
Preferably, a groove corresponding to the third flow path is further provided on one surface of the graphite plate facing the metal plate, and the groove and the third flow path are spliced to form a cooling flow path through which a coolant or a cooling gas can pass.
Preferably, the grooves are formed by pressing on the surface of the graphite plate.
Preferably, the graphite plate and the metal plate are bonded through glue or double-sided glue.
Preferably, the grooves of the metal plate alternate in concave and convex are in a corrugated structure.
Preferably, the surface of the metal plate is plated with a corrosion-resistant material.
Preferably, the metal plate is one of a stainless steel plate, a copper plate, an aluminum plate and a nickel plate.
Preferably, the grooves extend along a straight line or along a wave-shaped curve.
The invention also provides a fuel cell, which comprises the bipolar plate.
The bipolar plate of the fuel cell combines the graphite plate and the metal plate, can overcome the defects that the graphite bipolar plate is low in strength and easy to damage, and can solve the problem that the metal bipolar plate is easy to corrode. In addition, the third flow path between the metal plate and the graphite plate can be used as a cooling flow path which can rapidly cool the fuel cell and has a good heat radiation effect. Meanwhile, the bipolar plate is extruded in the process of assembling the fuel cell, and the metal plate is of a groove structure with alternate concave and convex, so that the metal plate can adapt to the shape of the graphite plate to generate micro deformation when being extruded, thereby being tightly attached to the graphite plate, improving the conductivity of the bipolar plate and reducing the internal resistance of the fuel cell. The bipolar plate only needs to be bonded at the edges of the metal plate and the graphite plate, and the metal plate and the graphite plate are not bonded at the positions using viscose, so that the bipolar plate can be bonded through extrusion force.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a flexible graphite sheet of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the metal plate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a bipolar plate according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a bipolar plate according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a metal plate according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 5.
Wherein: 1. a graphite plate; 11. a first flow path; 2. a metal plate; 21. a second flow path; 12. a third flow path.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the bipolar plate includes a graphite plate 1 and a metal plate 2, a first flow path 11 is disposed on a side of the graphite plate 1 facing away from the metal plate 2, the graphite plate 1 is a flexible graphite plate, the first flow path 11 is formed by pressing on a surface of the graphite plate 1, specifically, the first flow path 11 is formed by stamping or coining on the surface of the graphite plate 1, in another scheme, the flexible graphite plate is formed by pressing graphite powder with a mold, and the first flow path 11 is formed during the pressing process. Compared with the processing mode of processing the flow path by using the engraving technology for the graphite bipolar plate in the prior art, the mode of pressing the graphite plate into the groove has the advantages of high production efficiency, low cost and batch production. At least a part of the metal plate 2 is pressed into a corrugated structure, grooves with alternate concave and convex shapes are formed on the front and back surfaces, the grooves extend along a straight line, the grooves on the side of the metal plate 2 opposite to the graphite plate 1 form a second flow path 21, and the grooves on the side of the metal plate 2 facing the graphite plate 1 form a third flow path 12.
In a preferred embodiment, the groove bottom of the groove is a planar structure, and the cross section of the groove is a rectangular structure, so that the groove bottom of the groove can be attached to the surface of the graphite plate, the attachment area between the metal plate 2 and the graphite plate 1 is increased, and the conductivity of the single cell is increased.
The process that the bipolar plate assembles fuel cell can receive the extrusion, because metal sheet 2 is unsmooth alternate slot structure, when receiving the extrusion, metal sheet 2 can adapt to the shape production micro-deformation of graphite plate 1 to tightly laminate with graphite plate 1, further improved the conductivity of bipolar plate, reduced fuel cell's internal resistance. The metal plate 2 is one of a stainless steel plate, a copper plate, an aluminum plate and a nickel plate, and the surface of the metal plate 2 can be plated with a corrosion-resistant material, so that the corrosion resistance of the metal plate 2 is increased. Graphite plate 1 and metal sheet 2's edge bond through viscose or double faced adhesive tape, at metal sheet 2 and graphite plate 1 position that does not use the viscose, the laminating is accomplished to accessible extrusion force.
In the bipolar plate in the embodiment, the graphite plate 1 is combined with the metal plate 2, so that the defect that the graphite bipolar plate is low in strength and easy to damage is overcome, and the problem that the metal bipolar plate is easy to corrode is solved. Compared with the prior art in which the grooves are formed by engraving the graphite bipolar plate, the groove-forming method of the graphite plate 1 of the embodiment has the advantages of high production efficiency, low cost and mass production.
Compared with the composite bipolar plate in the prior art, the bipolar plate of the embodiment has only two layers of the metal plate 2 and the graphite plate 1, the thickness is small, the cooling flow path is formed between the metal plate 2 and the graphite plate 1, and the metal plate is of a corrugated structure with alternate concave and convex, and the cooling flow path and the second flow path are only separated by one layer of the thickness of the metal plate, so that the heat transfer efficiency of the coolant in the cooling flow path and the oxidant in the second flow path is improved. The cooling flow path can quickly cool the fuel cell and has good heat dissipation effect.
In the bipolar plate of this embodiment, even if air is interposed between the metal plate 2 and the graphite plate 1, the air can escape from the cooling flow path during use of the fuel cell, and the phenomenon of poor contact and damage to the fuel cell is not caused. In addition, the contact area between the metal plate and the graphite plate is divided into a plurality of areas by the flow paths, and the size of each contact area is small, so that air between the metal plate and the graphite plate is easily discharged during assembly, and the problem that air is easily mixed between the two plates in the prior art is solved. The bipolar plate of the invention only needs to be bonded at the edges of the metal plate 2 and the graphite plate 1, and only needs to use common glue and double-sided adhesive, thereby not influencing the conductivity of the bipolar plate and reducing the production cost.
Example two
As shown in fig. 4, this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a concave groove corresponding to the third flow channel 12 is further provided on the surface of the graphite plate 1 facing the metal plate 2, and the concave groove is joined to the third flow channel 12 to form a cooling flow channel through which a coolant or a cooling gas can pass. The grooves are formed on the surface of the graphite plate 1 in a pressing mode. Specifically, the grooves are punched or stamped into the surface of graphite sheet 1. in another embodiment, flexible graphite sheet 1 is formed by pressing graphite powder with a die, and the grooves are formed during the pressing process. In this embodiment, the grooves and the third flow paths 12 are joined, so that the sectional area of the cooling flow paths is increased, and the heat dissipation effect of the fuel cell is improved.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, grooves having alternate convexes and concaves are formed on the front and back surfaces of the metal plate 2 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the grooves on the side of the metal plate 2 facing away from the graphite plate 1 constitute the second flow channels 21, and the grooves on the side of the metal plate 2 facing the graphite plate 1 constitute the third flow channels 12. The groove extends along a wave-shaped curve. Compared with the metal plate with the linear grooves in the first embodiment, the metal plate with the wavy grooves in the first embodiment has stronger bending resistance and higher strength, and in addition, the wavy grooves can prolong the length of the second flow path and the path of oxygen in the metal plate, so that the power of the fuel cell with increased oxygen is correspondingly increased. Correspondingly, the wavy grooves can also increase the length of the third flow path, and the path of the coolant in the metal plate is lengthened, so that the heat dissipation performance of the bipolar plate is better, and the overtemperature of the fuel cell is prevented.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.

Claims (11)

1. The bipolar plate of the fuel cell is characterized by comprising a graphite plate and a metal plate which are in mutual contact, wherein a first flow path is arranged on one surface of the graphite plate, which is back to the metal plate, the metal plate is provided with grooves which are alternately concave and convex on the front surface and the back surface, the grooves on one side of the metal plate, which is back to the graphite plate, form a second flow path, and the grooves on one side of the metal plate, which is back to the graphite plate, form a third flow path.
2. The bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein said graphite sheet is a flexible graphite sheet and said first flow path is formed by pressing the surface of said graphite sheet.
3. The bipolar plate of claim 2 wherein said first flow path is an oxidizer flow path, said second flow path is a fuel flow path, and said third flow path is a cooling flow path through which a coolant or a cooling gas can pass.
4. The bipolar plate of claim 2, wherein a surface of the graphite plate facing the metal plate is further provided with grooves corresponding to the third flow paths, and the grooves are joined to the third flow paths to form cooling flow paths through which a coolant or a cooling gas can pass.
5. The bipolar plate of claim 4 wherein said grooves are formed by pressing on the surface of said graphite plate.
6. The bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the graphite plate is bonded to the metal plate at least at the edges thereof by an adhesive or double-sided adhesive.
7. The bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein said metal plate is corrugated.
8. The bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the surface of said metal plate is plated with a corrosion resistant material.
9. The bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the metal plate is one of a stainless steel plate, a copper plate, an aluminum plate, and a nickel plate.
10. The bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein said grooves extend in a straight line or in an undulating curve.
11. A fuel cell comprising the bipolar plate according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202010456896.XA 2020-01-20 2020-05-26 Bipolar plate of fuel cell and fuel cell Pending CN111740129A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CN202020133000 2020-01-20
CN202020133000X 2020-01-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113707901A (en) * 2021-07-22 2021-11-26 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Electrode plate and manufacturing method thereof, battery cell and fuel cell

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113517450A (en) * 2021-04-09 2021-10-19 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 Preparation method of flexible graphite metal composite bipolar plate

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113707901A (en) * 2021-07-22 2021-11-26 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Electrode plate and manufacturing method thereof, battery cell and fuel cell
CN113707901B (en) * 2021-07-22 2023-02-17 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Electrode plate and manufacturing method thereof, battery cell and fuel cell

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