CN111739389B - Multifunctional simple pendulum experimental device - Google Patents
Multifunctional simple pendulum experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111739389B CN111739389B CN202010673872.XA CN202010673872A CN111739389B CN 111739389 B CN111739389 B CN 111739389B CN 202010673872 A CN202010673872 A CN 202010673872A CN 111739389 B CN111739389 B CN 111739389B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional simple pendulum experiment device. The existing equipment has single experimental project and poor experimental effect. The invention comprises a bracket mechanism, a gravity acceleration measuring mechanism, an earth rotation measuring mechanism and a timer, wherein the supporting rod comprises a fixed rod and a telescopic rod, the gravity acceleration measuring mechanism is connected with the fixed rod, and the earth rotation measuring mechanism is connected with the telescopic rod. The gravity acceleration measuring mechanism comprises a ruler, a swing scale, a swing ball assembly, a swing ball control assembly and a counting assembly, wherein the swing ball control assembly can move along the ruler, accurately position the swing ball and read the swing length and swing. The counting assembly includes a photosensor and a counter. The earth rotation measuring mechanism comprises a swing rope control frame, a pendulum bob, a swing rope, a laser and photosensitive paper. The invention increases experimental projects, simplifies measurement operation, saves measurement time and improves measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of experimental equipment, and relates to a multifunctional simple pendulum experimental device which can be used for measuring gravitational acceleration, researching the relationship between pendulum length and period, verifying the relationship between period and pendulum ball quality and measuring earth self-transmission.
Background
The experiment of measuring the gravitational acceleration by means of simple pendulum is one of classical experiments in college physics experiments by measuring the vibration period T and the pendulum length l using the formulaThe gravitational acceleration is measured. The traditional experimental device for measuring the gravity acceleration by utilizing the simple pendulum is not provided with a pendulum length measuring component, the pendulum length measurement needs to be completed in two steps, firstly, the rope length is measured by utilizing a centimeter gauge, and the pendulum ball radius is measured by utilizing a vernier caliper again. Because one cycloid segment is provided with the fixing frame and the other end is connected with the small ball, certain difficulty is brought to accurate measurement of the pendulum length, the measurement accuracy is insufficient, and the operation error is larger. One of the key links of the experiment is to control the swing angle to be smaller than 5 degrees, and the existing experimental device is to straighten the cycloid and compare the swing angle. The radius of curvature of the swing scale of the existing experimental device is usually 50cm, and therefore if a simple swing motion with a swing length smaller than 50cm is to be observed, the swing angle cannot be accurately controlled. In experiments, various pendulum lengths need to be measured, and the current equipment is difficult to realize accurate measurement of the pendulum length smaller than 50 cm. In addition, the existing experimental device releases the small balls manually, so that the conical pendulum is very easy to generate in the experimental process, and an operation error is brought to a measurement result. On the other hand, the verification of earth rotation and the measurement of earth rotation speed by using a simple pendulum experiment are one of ten classical experiments of physics, but the classical content cannot be reproduced by the existing simple pendulum experiment device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional simple pendulum experimental device aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention comprises a bracket mechanism, a gravity acceleration measuring mechanism, an earth rotation measuring mechanism and a timer.
The support mechanism comprises a base and a support rod vertically arranged on the base. The support rod comprises a fixing rod and a telescopic rod, one end of the fixing rod is fixedly arranged on the base, the telescopic rod is arranged in the fixing rod, the length of the support rod is changed through up-down expansion, and the support rod is locked through an expansion locking screw.
The gravity acceleration measuring mechanism comprises a ruler, a swing graduated scale, a swing ball component, a swing ball control component and a counting component.
One end of the ruler is arranged at a position above the middle part of the fixed rod, and the ruler can deflect on a plane vertical to the top surface of the base by taking the mounting point as the center of a circle; the circular arc swing scale is arranged below the middle part of the fixed rod; the plane of the straight ruler is parallel to the plane of the swing scale.
The pendulum ball assembly comprises a cycloid control frame, a pendulum ball and a cycloid. The cycloid control frame is arranged at a position above the middle part of the fixed rod, one end of the cycloid is fixedly connected with the cycloid ball, the other end of the cycloid is arranged on the cycloid control frame, and the length of the cycloid is adjusted through the knob. When the pendulum ball swings, the connecting line of the cycloid fixed point and the mounting point of the ruler is perpendicular to the plane of the ruler and parallel to the plane of the top surface of the base.
The swing ball control assembly comprises a moving seat, an adjusting seat and a swing ball control piece. The movable seat is movably arranged on the ruler, can linearly move along the ruler and is locked by a screw. The adjusting seat is arranged on the moving seat, the pendulum ball control piece is arranged on the adjusting seat, and the moving directions of the moving seat, the adjusting seat and the pendulum ball control piece are mutually perpendicular; the head of the pendulum ball control piece is provided with an electromagnet.
The counting assembly comprises a photoelectric sensor and a counter.
The earth rotation measuring mechanism comprises a swinging rope control frame, a pendulum bob, a swinging rope, a laser and photosensitive paper. The swing rope control frame is arranged at a position above the middle part of the telescopic rod, one end of the swing rope is arranged on the swing rope control frame, and the length of the swing rope is adjusted through the knob. The pendulum bob is conical, a laser is arranged in the pendulum bob, light emitted by the laser is emitted from an opening at the top of the pendulum bob cone, and the bottom of the pendulum bob cone is connected with the other end of the pendulum rope. The photosensitive paper is flatly paved on the base.
Further, the movable seat be the vernier, movable seat lower part is equipped with the vernier, movable seat and ruler form slide caliper structure, measure pendulum length through the vernier, can more accurate measurement pendulum length.
Further, the base is horizontally arranged, and the upper surface of the base is adjusted to be kept horizontal through a horizontal adjusting screw below.
Further, the scale of the ruler is more than or equal to 50cm.
Further, an arc-shaped groove is formed in the swing scale; the arc groove is provided with a locking block, and the scale at the middle part or the lower end of the ruler corresponds to the arc groove of the swing scale.
Furthermore, the pendulum ball is carved with a center line, thereby being convenient for positioning and visual observation of pendulum length.
In the electrified state, the metal pendulum ball is adsorbed on the head of the pendulum ball control piece, and the movable seat is adjusted to straighten the cycloid; adjusting the adjusting seat to enable the cycloid to be parallel to the plane of the ruler; adjusting the pendulum ball control piece to enable the center of the pendulum ball to be aligned with the edge of the ruler, and reading the pendulum length through the center line of the pendulum ball; after the power is off, the swing ball naturally starts to swing.
The invention adopts the electromagnet to control the swing ball to release, and ensures the swing ball to swing along the same plane through the swing ball control assembly, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of conical swing; meanwhile, the pendulum length and the swing amplitude can be conveniently read, the pendulum length can be randomly adjusted, and the experimental effect is enhanced. The invention can also complete the experiment of earth rotation measurement, and increases experimental items. The invention simplifies the measurement operation, saves the measurement time and improves the measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the back structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
The multifunctional simple pendulum experiment device comprises a bracket mechanism, a gravity acceleration measuring mechanism, an earth rotation measuring mechanism and a timer.
As shown in fig. 1, the bracket mechanism includes a base 1 and a strut 2 vertically disposed on the base. The base 1 is horizontally arranged, and the upper surface of the base is adjusted to be kept horizontal by a horizontal adjusting screw 1-1 below. The support rod 2 is of a two-section telescopic structure and comprises a fixing rod 2-1 and a telescopic rod 2-2, one end of the fixing rod 2-1 is fixedly arranged on the base 1, a part of the telescopic rod 2-2 is arranged in the fixing rod 2-1, the length of the support rod 2 is changed through up-down expansion, and the support rod is locked through an expansion locking screw 2-3.
The gravity acceleration measuring mechanism comprises a ruler 3, a swing graduated scale 4, a swing ball component, a swing ball control component and a counting component.
One end of the ruler 3 is arranged at a position above the middle part of the fixed rod 2-1, and the ruler 3 can deflect on a plane vertical to the top surface of the base 1 by taking the mounting point as the center of a circle and is locked by a screw; the scale of the ruler 3 is more than or equal to 50cm.
The arc swing scale 4 is arranged below the middle part, the arc groove 4-1 is arranged on the swing scale 4, and the locking block 4-2 is arranged on the arc groove 4-1.
The plane of the straight ruler 3 is parallel to the plane of the swing dividing ruler 4, and the scale at the lower end of the straight ruler 3 corresponds to the arc-shaped groove 4-1 of the swing dividing ruler.
The pendulum ball assembly comprises a cycloid control bracket 5, a pendulum ball 6 and a cycloid 7. The cycloid control frame 5 is arranged at a position above the middle part of the fixed rod 2-1, one end of the cycloid 7 is fixedly connected with the cycloid ball 6, the other end of the cycloid 7 is arranged on the cycloid control frame 5, and the length of the cycloid 7 is adjusted through a knob. The pendulum ball 6 is carved with a center line. When the pendulum ball swings, the connecting line of the fixed point of the cycloid 7 and the mounting point of the ruler 3 is perpendicular to the plane of the ruler 3 and parallel to the plane of the top surface of the base 1.
The swing ball control assembly comprises a moving seat 8, an adjusting seat 9 and a swing ball control piece 10. The movable seat 8 is movably arranged on the ruler 3, can linearly move along the ruler, and has a moving direction parallel to the plane of the ruler and is locked by a screw. The adjusting seat 9 is arranged on the moving seat 8, can move along the direction vertical to the plane of the ruler and is locked by a screw. The ball swinging control member 10 is provided on the adjustment seat 9 with a linear movement direction perpendicular to the movement direction of the movement seat 8 and the movement direction of the adjustment seat 9. The head of the pendulum ball control piece 10 is provided with an electromagnet: in the electrified state, the metal pendulum ball is adsorbed on the head of the pendulum ball control piece 10, and the movable seat 8 is adjusted to straighten the cycloid; adjusting the adjusting seat 9 to enable the cycloid to be parallel to the plane of the ruler; adjusting the pendulum ball control piece 10 to enable the center of the pendulum ball to be aligned with the edge of the ruler, and reading the pendulum length through the center line of the pendulum ball; after the power is off, the swing ball naturally starts to swing. The movable seat can also be designed into a vernier, the vernier scale is arranged at the lower part of the movable seat, the movable seat and the ruler form a vernier caliper structure, and the pendulum length can be measured more accurately by measuring the pendulum length through the vernier scale.
The counting assembly (not shown) includes a photosensor and a counter. The photoelectric sensor is arranged at the center of the swing, and can sense every time the swing ball or the cycloid passes, and send a signal to the counter for counting, thereby belonging to the mature prior art.
In the experiment, the deflection of the ruler 3 is smaller than 5 degrees, the adjusting seat 9 and the pendulum ball control piece 10 are adjusted to straighten the cycloid and be parallel to the plane of the ruler, and after the electromagnet is powered off, the pendulum ball naturally starts to swing and starts to time. When the pendulum length needs to be changed and re-measured, the movable seat 8 is firstly adjusted to a designated position, and the above operation is repeated. The device can randomly adjust the pendulum length in the range of the ruler.
As shown in fig. 2, the earth rotation measuring mechanism includes a swinging rope control frame 11, a pendulum 12, a swinging rope 13, a laser 14, and photosensitive paper 15.
The swing rope control frame 11 is arranged at a position above the middle part of the telescopic rod 2-2, and one end of the swing rope 13 is arranged on the swing rope control frame 11. The pendulum 12 is conical, a laser 14 is arranged in the pendulum, light emitted by the laser 14 is emitted from an opening on the conical top of the pendulum 12, and the conical bottom of the pendulum 12 is connected with the other end of the pendulum rope 13. The photosensitive paper 15 is flatly laid on the base 1.
The measurement of the earth rotation has no strict requirements on the swing length and the swing amplitude, and the height of the supporting rod 2 is properly increased to prolong the swing length and enlarge the swing amplitude in consideration of air resistance and power loss. The earth rotates one revolution for 24 hours, that is, 24 hours, the laser 14 draws a circular swing path on the photosensitive paper 15. Usually, a timer is used for recording 15-60 minutes, so that two fan-shaped patterns with the angle of 3.75-15 degrees, namely the swinging route of a pendulum bob, are formed on the photosensitive paper 15, and the earth rotation time can be calculated clearly.
Claims (3)
1. The multifunctional simple pendulum experiment device comprises a bracket mechanism, a gravity acceleration measuring mechanism, an earth rotation measuring mechanism and a timer; the method is characterized in that:
the bracket mechanism comprises a base (1) and a supporting rod (2) vertically arranged on the base; the support rod (2) comprises a fixed rod (2-1) and a telescopic rod (2-2), one end of the fixed rod (2-1) is fixedly arranged on the base (1), the telescopic rod (2-2) is partially arranged in the fixed rod (2-1), the length of the support rod (2) is changed through up and down expansion, and the support rod is locked through an expansion locking screw (2-3);
The gravity acceleration measuring mechanism comprises a ruler (3), a swing scale (4), a swing ball assembly, a swing ball control assembly and a counting assembly; an arc-shaped groove (4-1) is formed in the swing scale (4); the arc groove (4-1) is provided with a locking block (4-2), and the scale at the middle part or the lower end of the ruler (3) corresponds to the position of the arc groove (4-1) of the swing scale;
One end of the ruler (3) is arranged at a position above the middle part of the fixed rod (2-1), and the ruler (3) can deflect on a plane vertical to the top surface of the base (1) by taking the mounting point as the center of a circle; the circular arc swing scale (4) is arranged below the middle part of the fixed rod (2-1); the plane of the straight ruler (3) is parallel to the plane of the swing dividing ruler (4);
The pendulum ball assembly comprises a cycloid control frame (5), a pendulum ball (6) and a cycloid (7); the cycloid control frame (5) is arranged at a position above the middle part of the fixed rod (2-1), one end of the cycloid (7) is fixedly connected with the cycloid ball (6), the other end of the cycloid is arranged on the cycloid control frame (5), and the length of the cycloid (7) is adjusted through a knob; the center line is carved on the pendulum ball (6), and when the pendulum ball swings, the connecting line of the fixed point of the cycloid (7) and the mounting point of the ruler (3) is perpendicular to the plane of the ruler (3) and parallel to the plane of the top surface of the base (1);
The ball swinging control assembly comprises a moving seat (8), an adjusting seat (9) and a ball swinging control piece (10); the movable seat (8) is a vernier, the lower part of the movable seat (8) is provided with a vernier, the pendulum length is measured through the vernier, the movable seat (8) is movably arranged on the ruler (3) and can linearly move along the ruler, and the movable seat is locked through a screw; the adjusting seat (9) is arranged on the moving seat (8), the pendulum ball control piece (10) is arranged on the adjusting seat (9), and the moving directions of the moving seat (8), the adjusting seat (9) and the pendulum ball control piece (10) are mutually perpendicular; the head of the ball swinging control piece (10) is provided with an electromagnet; the metal pendulum ball is adsorbed on the head of the pendulum ball control piece (10), and the movable seat (8) is adjusted to straighten the cycloid; adjusting the adjusting seat (9) to enable the cycloid to be parallel to the plane of the ruler; adjusting the pendulum ball control piece (10) to enable the center of the pendulum ball to be aligned with the edge of the ruler, and reading the pendulum length through the center line of the pendulum ball; after the power is off, the swing ball starts to swing naturally;
the counting assembly comprises a photoelectric sensor and a counter;
The earth rotation measuring mechanism comprises a swinging rope control frame (11), a pendulum bob (12), a swinging rope (13), a laser (14) and photosensitive paper (15); the swing rope control frame (11) is arranged at a position above the middle part of the telescopic rod (2-2), one end of the swing rope (13) is arranged on the swing rope control frame (11), and the length of the swing rope (13) is adjusted through a knob; the pendulum bob (12) is conical, a laser (14) is arranged in the pendulum bob, light emitted by the laser (14) is emitted from an opening on the conical top of the pendulum bob (12), and the conical bottom of the pendulum bob (12) is connected with the other end of the pendulum rope (13); the photosensitive paper (15) is flatly paved on the base (1).
2. The multifunctional simple pendulum experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the base (1) is horizontally arranged, and the upper surface of the base is adjusted to be horizontal through a horizontal adjusting screw (1-1) below.
3. The multifunctional simple pendulum experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the scale of the ruler (3) is more than or equal to 50cm.
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| CN202010673872.XA CN111739389B (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2020-07-14 | Multifunctional simple pendulum experimental device |
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| CN202010673872.XA CN111739389B (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2020-07-14 | Multifunctional simple pendulum experimental device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112885203B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-04-22 | 河南大学 | Gravity acceleration measuring device based on rotational inertia |
| CN113240980B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2023-05-30 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Gravity acceleration measuring device and measuring method thereof |
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| CN212256674U (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-12-29 | 杭州师范大学 | Multifunctional simple pendulum experimental device |
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| CN201638427U (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2010-11-17 | 浙江师范大学 | Controllable one/double-pendulum experimental instrument |
| CN204791681U (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-11-18 | 孙美璇 | Simple pendulum method acceleration of gravity measuring device |
| CN107452258A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-12-08 | 南京师范大学泰州学院 | The measurement apparatus and method of acceleration of gravity |
| CN209912284U (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-01-07 | 遵义医科大学 | Novel simple pendulum demonstration for physics experiments device |
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| CN212256674U (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-12-29 | 杭州师范大学 | Multifunctional simple pendulum experimental device |
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