CN111739259B - Slope unit local clustering damage judgment method and regional landslide early warning method - Google Patents

Slope unit local clustering damage judgment method and regional landslide early warning method Download PDF

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CN111739259B
CN111739259B CN202010544378.3A CN202010544378A CN111739259B CN 111739259 B CN111739259 B CN 111739259B CN 202010544378 A CN202010544378 A CN 202010544378A CN 111739259 B CN111739259 B CN 111739259B
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张少杰
王凯
杨红娟
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Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment IMHE of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a slope unit local aggregation destruction judgment method and a regional landslide early warning method. The invention firstly provides a slope unit local clustering damage judgment method aiming at the lack of a regional landslide early warning technology which takes a slope unit as an early warning unit and adopts the slope stability analysis of a mechanism mode in the prior art. According to the method, the advantages of a slope unit and DEM data are utilized, a local damage analysis boundary is established based on the condition that a landslide generates a stress concentration phenomenon and a temporary empty damage occurs, and the occurrence condition of local aggregation damage is judged according to the instability state of a grid unit in the region. On the basis, the invention also provides a regional landslide early warning method, which is used for carrying out overall and local landslide risk assessment on regional landslide risk analysis to realize classified and comprehensive assessment on regional landslide disaster risks. The early warning method is high in fineness degree and good in accuracy, is more convenient to link with a large data monitoring technology of geological disasters, and achieves intelligent monitoring of the disaster of the slope.

Description

Slope unit local clustering damage judgment method and regional landslide early warning method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a slope local clustering damage judgment method and a regional landslide early warning method based on the slope local clustering damage judgment method, in particular to a slope unit local clustering damage judgment method and a regional landslide early warning method realized by combining slope unit data and DEM grid unit data characteristics, and belongs to the field of environmental geological disasters and automatic landslide geological disaster early warning by utilizing environmental big data.
Background
The regional landslide early warning is used for forecasting and warning the occurrence risk of landslide disasters in regional space. An area landslide warning scheme requires three elements to be determined: the system comprises an early warning unit, a slope stability analysis method and an early warning result expression mode. And after the early warning unit is selected, executing the slope stability analysis method process, and finally expressing the early warning result. Wherein the "choroidal" element is the ramp stability analysis method.
In the prior art, three key technologies exist in a set of regional landslide early warning scheme. One of the key technologies is a slope stability analysis technology: the slope stability analysis method has two main categories of a statistical mode and a mechanism mode. The mechanism mode can overcome the defect that the statistical mode is absolutely dependent on historical data, and can explain the law that the landslide evolves along with the change of internal mechanical parameters from a mechanism level, so the mechanism mode is favored in the research field along with the enhancement of the computing capacity of the early warning technology in recent years. The second key technology is that the early warning unit is selected: most traditionally, a geographic area is used as an early warning unit. Thereafter, the regional landslide early warning technology is combined with the geographic information technology, and a series of grids formed by dispersing geographic regions, namely grid units, serve as early warning units to become a new technology. However, the grid cells cannot represent slope boundaries and topographic forms in nature, so that the early warning result cannot indicate which slope is dangerous, and thus the defense workload is increased. In recent years, the ramp unit has become a new early warning unit. The technology taking the slope unit as the early warning unit is characterized in that the risk of a certain natural slope in the area can be determined by the regional landslide evaluation and forecast result based on the slope unit, and the defects that the grid unit cannot reflect the landform and the boundary of the natural slope, cannot position the natural slope unit and the like are effectively overcome. The third key technology is an early warning result expression mode: the expression mode mainly comprises two modes of certainty and probability, and both have technical reasonability and superiority. Therefore, the regional early warning technology which takes the slope unit as the early warning unit and adopts the slope stability analysis method of the mechanism mode represents a new research and development conception direction. But at present, no forming technical scheme is available.
A slope unit extraction method (CN2018100279268) in a DEM (digital elevation model) of Chinese invention patent application provides a slope unit extraction method, and an I-D curve threshold construction method and a basin debris flow early warning method (CN2018107475705) of debris flow rainfall in the DEM of Chinese invention patent application disclose a method for judging the stability of a DEM grid soil body. The method and the device lay an early-stage foundation for developing a new regional early warning technical scheme which takes the slope unit as the early warning unit and adopts a mechanism mode slope stability analysis method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a regional landslide forecasting method based on the advantages of a slope unit and DEM raster data, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly provides a method for determining local clustering damage of a slope unit, which has the following technical scheme:
a method for judging whether the local aggregation destruction of a slope unit occurs locally at any position in the slope unit is characterized in that:
extracting slope units from the slope DEM, and judging the instability state of each DEM grid unit of the slope units;
selecting any evaluation point I (x) on the slope uniti,yi) Establishing a locally defined search area around the point I, the locally defined search area boundary being: in the xy plane of the ramp unit by xiAs the abscissa, in yi+ determination of point I' with grid cell side length l as ordinate (x)i,yi+ l), drawing lines R and R' parallel to the x-axis and crossing the boundary line of the slope unit at 4 points J1、J2、J3、J4Connection point J1、J2、J3、J4Forming a locally defined search area boundary;
counting the number m of grid units covered by the local search limited area and the number n of grid units in the unstable state, if so
Figure BDA0002540168250000031
And judging that local clustering damage occurs at any point I on the slope unit.
According to the method for judging the local aggregation destruction of the slope unit, a local limited search area is established on the slope body around any evaluation point I, and the instability state of the DEM grid unit in the search area is comprehensively judged, so that whether the aggregation destruction occurs in any local area of the slope body is determined. The key to the technique is to create a locally defined search area around an arbitrary evaluation point I. The technical principle of the locally defined search area boundary determination is as follows: the occurrence of a landslide requires the penetration of a sliding surface. Before the sliding surface penetrates, a severe stress concentration area needs to be generated at the local part of the slope. When the stress concentration effect exceeds the shear strength of the soil body, local damage can occur, and then the slope body above the damaged area loses support, so that the slope surface is empty, penetrates through the sliding surface and generates landslide. Therefore, the judgment of the stress concentration change and the trend of the soil body at any site becomes the key of local damage of the site. On the basis of earlier-stage research, the invention determines the characterization of a soil mass concentration phenomenon and an adjacent space damage phenomenon in a slope unit on the grid layer of a soil mass DEM, thereby establishing a local search scheme around any point.
By utilizing the method for judging the local clustering damage of the slope units, the invention also provides a regional landslide early warning method, which has the following technical scheme:
a regional landslide early warning method realized by the slope unit local clustering damage judgment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, extracting a slope unit from the slope DEM as a risk evaluation unit, and judging the instability state of each DEM grid unit;
step S2, calculating the area S of all grid cells in the unstable state in the slope cellsgridAnd slope unit area SslopeRatio rAIf r isAJudging whether the landslide risk exists or not, if so, sending a disaster early warning signal, otherwise, executing the step S3;
s3, selecting any evaluation point I at the toe position and/or the middle position of the slope, and judging whether local aggregation damage occurs at the point I; if the position of the slope toe is subjected to local aggregation damage, judging that large-scale landslide risks exist, and sending out a disaster early warning signal; and if the middle position of the slope is subjected to local aggregation damage, judging that the risk of landslide in the slope body exists, and recording a disaster signal.
The regional landslide early warning method is used for carrying out overall risk judgment and local risk judgment on the landslide risk of the slope body. When not less than 50% of the grids in the DEM of the slope unit are in a destabilizing state, the slope body is in risk of integral landslide. And when less than 50% of the grids are in the unstable state, the method further judges the risk of local landslide. When the local aggregation damage occurs at the position of the slope toe, the slope unit is equivalently cut, the whole slope body loses support, the whole slope body loses stability, large-scale landslide is generated, and an early warning signal needs to be sent out. When local and collective damage occurs in the middle of the slope, the upper half part of the slope body is mainly unsupported, so that large-scale landslide occurs in the slope unit, the damage range to the periphery is small, and an early warning signal of the large-scale landslide does not need to be sent out. Through two-stage risk assessment, the missing report of the landslide risk of a slope body, which is low in overall risk but is caused by the existence of local aggregation damage, can be reduced.
The concept of optimizing the regional landslide early warning method is that in step S3, local clustering destruction of the slope leg is performed first, and if local clustering destruction has occurred, the early warning analysis of the slope unit is ended; if the local aggregation destruction does not occur, the local aggregation destruction at the middle part of the slope is performed. Therefore, the execution time of the whole set of early warning scheme can be saved.
The concept of further optimizing the regional landslide early warning method is as follows: and when the local landslide risk is judged, arranging the positioning of the arbitrary evaluation point I at the position of the slope toe and/or the position of the middle part of the slope on the geometric analysis result of the whole mass volume of the slope body. The method is characterized in that points with the largest influence on the risk of the whole slope landslide when local aggregation damage occurs are found according to the distribution characteristics of the mass and the volume of the slope, and a local limited search area is established around the points, so that the accuracy of the local landslide risk judgment is further improved. The method specifically comprises the following steps: in step S3, the slope middle position arbitrary evaluation point I is the slope unit centroid point M, and the slope base position arbitrary evaluation point I is the intersection of the slope unit section line and the slope unit polygonal slope base boundary line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the slope unit local aggregation destruction judgment method comprehensively utilizes the advantages of the slope unit and the DEM data characteristics, establishes a local destruction analysis boundary corresponding to any evaluation point I based on the condition that the landslide generates stress concentration phenomenon and the near-empty destruction occurs, and judges the occurrence condition of local aggregation destruction according to the instability state of the DEM grid unit in the region. On the basis, the invention designs a regional landslide early warning method for carrying out two-step assessment on regional landslide risk analysis. The method comprises the steps of firstly, completing the overall landslide risk assessment of a slope body, secondly, fully utilizing the characteristics that a slope unit geometrically belongs to a space plane polygon and the physical significance actually represents a three-dimensional slope body, and assessing the local landslide risk of a specific position of the slope body by selecting any assessment point I at the middle part and the foot part of the slope body. By decomposing regional landslide evaluation into integrity and locality, the method has the technical advantages that: (1) when the overall instability of the slope is serious, the landslide risk can be inspected in time, and the disaster prevention time is strived for; when the overall instability of the slope body is not obvious, landslide risk assessment can be refined, and the possibility of missing reports of disasters is reduced. (2) Can realize multiple types of prediction of the geological disasters of the slope. When the slope body is at the risk of integral landslide, the integral landslide is caused, the occurrence speed is high, and the damage range is large; when the slope is caused by the accumulation damage of the slope toe, the slope belongs to the landslide under the slope cutting effect, and the occurrence speed and the damage range are reduced compared with those of the former slope; when the landslide is caused by the aggregation damage in the middle of the slope body, the landslide is under the internal collapse effect, the occurrence speed and the damage range are further reduced, the current landslide risk does not exist, and the post-disaster recovery work exists. (3) The assessment of the regional landslide risk is completely completed based on DEM grid type data, and the method is high in fineness degree and good in accuracy. The system is more convenient to be connected with a big data monitoring technology of geological disasters, and realizes intelligent monitoring of the disaster of the slope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of a ramp cell distribution within a Fengjie county.
Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 1 showing three ramp units for example analysis.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a ramp unit in relation to a locally defined search area.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the method of the invention is used for evaluating and early warning the landslide risk of the slope bodies on the Yangtze river coasts in Fengjie county in Chongqing City.
And step S1, extracting a slope unit from the slope DEM as a risk evaluation unit, and judging the instability state of each DEM grid unit.
The method for extracting the slope units in Fengjie county is adopted to extract the total amount of 17487 slope units in the Fengjie county by the method for extracting the slope units disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application CN 2018100279268. FIG. 1 is a graph of a ramp cell distribution within a Fengjie county. Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 1 showing three ramp units for example analysis. The three black polygonal frames labeled A, B, C in fig. 2 are the three slope units of this embodiment, and are labeled as a slope a, B slope, and C slope. It can be approximately determined that slope a and slope C belong to an intuitive quadrilateral and slope B belongs to an intuitive pentagon.
All the grid cells contained in A, B, C three ramp cells are obtained by using the vector and grid data interception tool of ArcGIS. The grid unit side length l is 10 m. The number of the grid units contained in the three slope units is 36A slopes, 32B slopes and 22C slopes. In the counting process, if the boundary line of the slope unit passes through one grid unit, the grid unit is also counted in the number of grid units contained in the slope unit.
31/8/2014, a typical rainstorm process occurs in the county environment, the maximum hour rainfall intensity is 32.3mm, and the accumulated rainfall is 94 mm. This rainstorm induced a total of 835 landslides within Fengjie county. This rainstorm data was used in this example to assess the risk of landslide of A, B, C three ramp units during a rainstorm.
The method for judging the DEM grid soil stability disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application CN2018107475705 is adopted to carry out accounting on the instability state of each grid unit in A, B, C three slope units to obtain the safety factor Fs of each grid unit.
Step S2, calculating the area S of all grid cells in the unstable state in the slope cellsgridAnd slope unit area SslopeRatio rA。
And respectively counting the number of grid units in a destabilization state (Fs <1) in the three slope units under the action of a rainstorm process. The number of grid units in the unstable state in the three slope units is 16 on the A slope, 12 on the B slope and 14 on the C slope.
According to the data, the results of each index are obtained by sorting and calculating and are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002540168250000081
R of C slopeA63.6 percent is more than or equal to 50 percent, so that the landslide risk is judged to exist, and an early warning signal needs to be sent out. And continuously analyzing the risk of the slope A and the slope B.
S3, selecting any evaluation point I at the toe position and/or the middle position of the slope respectively, and judging whether local aggregation damage occurs at the point I; if the position of the slope toe is subjected to local aggregation damage, judging that large-scale landslide risk exists, and sending out an early warning signal; if the middle part of the slope is locally aggregated and damaged, the landslide risk is judged to exist, and an early warning signal is sent out.
1. Analysis of A slope
1.1 partial precipitation of toe
(1) Randomly selecting a point I at the toe of a slopeA(xia,yia)。
(2) Build a surround IA(xa,ya) Is locally limited to the search area
As shown in fig. 3, in the xy plane of the a slope, in xaAs the abscissa, in ya+ l is the ordinate determination point IA′(xa,ya+ l), per IAPoints drawing a line R parallel to the x-axisaIs passing through IA' line R ' drawn parallel to the x-axis 'aSolving for line R according to analytic geometryaAnd line R'a4 intersection points J with the A slope boundary lineaIs denoted by Ja1、Ja2、Ja3、Ja4. Are connected in turn Ja1、Ja2、Ja3、Ja4A locally defined search area surrounding the point M is formed.
(3) Judgment point IA(xa,ya) Local aggregate destruction of
Counting the number m of grid units covered by the local search limit areaaLocal search for unstable states (Fs) within a defined region, 11<1) Number n of grid cellsa＝4。na/ma(the proportion of the area in which the destruction occurs in the locally defined search area) was 36.3%, which is less than 50%.
Since the foot of the a slope is safe, the analysis of the local aggregate destructiveness in the middle of the a slope is continued.
1.2 middle of slope analysis
(1) Determining centroid point M (x) of slope Am,ym)。
(2) Build a surround M (x)m,ym) The ratio of the area of occurrence of destruction in the locally defined search region is calculated: (
Figure BDA0002540168250000091
Calculated value) was 56.7%, which was higher than 50%, indicating that the central position of the slope body of the slope unit a was in the vicinity of the centroid point in the aggregate failure.
Analysis results show that the slope A is not in the integral landslide risk due to the safety of the base part and the instability of the middle part of the slope A, but large-scale landslide disasters can occur inside the slope. The damage range of the disaster to the periphery of the slope is small, an early warning signal of large-scale landslide does not need to be sent in the rainstorm process, the post-disaster recovery work still exists in the later period, and the disaster information can be recorded and/or post-disaster recovery prompt information can be sent.
2. Analysis of B slope
2.1 partial precipitation of toe
(1) Determining a point K (x) of slope foot positionk,yk)
Extracting a slope unit cross line P, and solving a slope unit boundary line between the line P and a slope foot BCross point of K (x)k,yk)。
(2) Build a surround K (x)k,yk) Defines a search area.
(3) Decision point K (x)k,yk) Local aggregate destruction of
Counting the number m of grid units covered by the local search limit areabLocal search for unstable states (Fs) within a defined region, 12<1) Number n of grid cellsb＝7。nb/mb58.3%, higher than 50%, indicates that the position of the toe portion of the slope unit B is in the vicinity of the point K, with aggregation destruction.
Analysis results show that in the rainstorm process, the foot of the slope B is subjected to local aggregation destruction, the slope cutting effect is generated, large-scale landslide risks exist, and warning needs to be carried out.
Since the analysis of the toe has determined a disaster, there is no need to continue the analysis of local aggregate damage in the middle of the hill.
And (5) result verification: the landslide risk analysis results of A, B, C slope units by using the method are consistent with the comprehensive investigation results in the later period.

Claims (6)

1. The local clustering destruction judgment method of the slope unit is used for judging whether any position in the slope unit is locally clustered and destroyed, and is characterized in that:
extracting slope units from the slope DEM, and judging the instability state of each DEM grid unit of the slope units;
selecting any evaluation point I (x) on the slope uniti,yi) Establishing a locally defined search area around the point I, the boundary of the locally defined search area being: in the xy plane of the ramp unit by xiAs the abscissa, in yi+ determination of point I' with grid cell side length l as ordinate (x)i,yi+ l), drawing a line R and a line R 'parallel to the x axis respectively passing through the point I and the point I', and respectively intersecting the boundary line of the slope unit at 4 points J1、J2、J3、J4Connection point J1、J2、J3、J4Make up bureauPartially defining a search area boundary;
counting the number m of grid units covered by the local limited search area and the number n of grid units in the unstable state, if so
Figure FDA0003507755290000011
And judging that local clustering damage occurs at any point I on the slope unit.
2. The regional landslide warning method implemented by the slope unit local clustering damage determining method of claim 1, wherein:
step S1, extracting slope units from the slope DEM, and judging the instability state of each DEM grid unit;
step S2, calculating grid unit area S of instability state in slope unitgridAnd slope unit area SslopeRatio rAIf r isANot less than 50%, judging that landslide risk exists, and sending out a disaster early warning signal, otherwise, executing the step S3;
s3, selecting any evaluation point I at the toe position and/or the middle position of the slope, and judging whether local aggregation damage occurs at the point I; if the position of the slope toe is subjected to local aggregation damage, judging that large-scale landslide risk exists, and sending out an early warning signal; and if the middle part of the slope is locally aggregated and damaged, judging that the large-scale landslide risk in the slope exists.
3. The regional landslide early warning method of claim 2, wherein: the step S3 may further be: firstly, selecting any evaluation point I at the position of the slope toe of a slope unit, judging whether local aggregation damage occurs at the point I or not to perform local aggregation damage analysis, judging that large-scale landslide risks exist if the local aggregation damage occurs, sending a disaster early warning signal, finishing the landslide early warning analysis of the slope unit, otherwise, continuing to perform the local aggregation damage analysis on the middle position of the slope, and judging that the large-scale landslide risks exist in the slope if the local aggregation damage occurs at the middle position of the slope.
4. The regional landslide warning method of claim 2 or 3, wherein: in step S3, when it is determined that there is a risk of landslide on an internal slope scale, disaster information is recorded and/or post-disaster recovery prompt information is issued.
5. The regional landslide warning method of claim 2 or 3, wherein: in the step S3, selecting a slope unit centroid point M from any evaluation point I in the middle of the slope; and selecting an intersection point of a slope unit section line and a boundary line of the slope unit polygonal slope foot at the optional evaluation point I of the slope foot position.
6. The regional landslide early warning method of claim 4, wherein: in the step S3, selecting a slope unit centroid point M from any evaluation point I in the middle of the slope; and selecting an intersection point of a slope unit section line and a boundary line of the slope unit polygonal slope foot at the optional evaluation point I of the slope foot position.
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