CN111736248A - Intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of camouflage, and particularly relates to an infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film and a preparation method thereof, which can be applied to the military field. An intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film is characterized by comprising an infrared high-reflection film layer and an infrared emissivity regulating layer; the infrared high-reflection thin film layer and the infrared emissivity regulating layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the infrared emissivity regulating layer is attached to the infrared high-reflection thin film layer; wherein the infrared high-reflection film layer is a film with a metal reflection layer deposited on the surface; the infrared emissivity control layer is a porous flexible composite film containing a spontaneous water absorption substance. The film can dynamically regulate and control the emissivity according to the temperature change of a covered object, does not need external energy input, and can be an intelligent infrared camouflage film interacted with the environment. The invention has the advantages of small overall mass, good flexibility and low cost, can be applied to industrial mass production, and can be attached to the surfaces of most heating objects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of camouflage, and particularly relates to an intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film and a preparation method thereof, which can be applied to multiple fields of military operation, civil temperature measurement, biological shielding and the like.
Background
The basic principle of the camouflage technology is to realize the fusion of an object and the surrounding environment by changing the overall or local optical characteristics of the object. The method has common application in the nature, such as chameleon, dead-leaf butterfly and the like, and avoids the harm of natural enemies by camouflage; the method has important practical value in the military field, can improve the concealment of military facilities, transportation tools, soldiers and the like, and improve the survival capability on the battlefield; the method still has high practicability in the civil field, can eliminate the interference of other surrounding objects, and intensively observes the objects to be monitored. The infrared camouflage is mainly used for eliminating, reducing, changing or simulating the difference of radiation characteristics of two atmospheric windows (the electromagnetic wave wavelength is 3-5 mu m and 8-14 mu m) of middle and far infrared wave bands between a target and a background so as to deal with the camouflage implemented by thermal infrared detection. The intelligent infrared camouflage is formed by fusing the infrared radiation energy on the surface of an object with a background through dynamic regulation, so that the effect of hiding the infrared camouflage in a dynamic environment is achieved. According to the Planck black body radiation law, the radiation power of the surface can be dynamically regulated and controlled through the surface temperature and the emissivity, and then the dynamic camouflage is achieved.
First, the temperature is controlled. The most direct method is to reduce the surface temperature, as described in chinese patent 2016105247974, the present invention uses a novel heat-insulating hollow ceramic microsphere as the main raw material to prepare the infrared camouflage coating material, which has a small thermal conductivity coefficient, can effectively reduce the surface temperature of the object on the surface, and is an infrared camouflage coating with excellent performance. However, this technique is difficult to realize dynamic temperature adjustment, and cannot meet the requirements of dynamic background in actual combat. To solve the problem, chinese patent 2013103600987 proposes an active infrared camouflage cover based on variable thermal resistance, that is, a temperature sensor is used to monitor the infrared radiation value of the environment, and the radiation power of the object surface is close to the environmental radiation value by thermoelectric refrigeration or heat generation, so that the surface temperature of the cover changes dynamically, the external infrared radiation is consistent with the environment, and intelligent stealth is realized. In addition, chinese patent 2010100183273 proposes an active infrared camouflage umbrella, which comprises an outer layer, an inner layer, a fan and an air duct, wherein an air channel is provided between the outer layer and the inner layer. When the infrared camouflage target is used, the fan sends ambient air into the air channel between the outer layer and the inner layer through the air channel, and then the ambient air flows out from the opening at the edge of the outer layer and the orifice on the opening, so that the temperature of the outer layer and the ambient temperature reach dynamic consistency, and the purpose of infrared camouflage of the target is realized. However, these infrared adjusting systems have complex structures, require external energy input, and some of them have specificity and are not universal, and although dynamic regulation can be realized, such inventions are limited in practical applications.
Secondly, the infrared emissivity is regulated and controlled. The main current technologies include methods for regulating and controlling the surface morphology based on electrochemical reactions, phase change materials. For example, chinese patent 201910223080X, the present invention relates to a double-sided active infrared emissivity adjusting film based on a carbon material, which is a film material based on a carbon material (including graphene, carbon nanotube, amorphous carbon, carbon black, etc.) and an ionic liquid, and can realize double-sided infrared radiation control by a voltage-regulated ion insertion manner, thereby obtaining a double-sided active infrared emissivity adjusting film. However, the electrochemical regulation method requires redox reaction, and the stability of the electrode performance is problematic, limiting its practical application. And secondly, the infrared camouflage system based on the VO2 phase change material is a semiconductor with high emissivity at low temperature, and the semiconductor becomes a metal phase with low emissivity after passing through a phase change point of 68 ℃, so that the emissivity of the VO2 coating can be adjusted through temperature, the low emissivity at high temperature is realized, and the infrared camouflage effect is achieved. The temperature of the phase transformation point of the technology is too high, and the phase transformation point needs to be further reduced to meet the requirement of low temperature in practical application. In addition, the surface topography is regulated, that is, the emissivity of the surface is controlled by changing the surface topography, but the repeatability of the material needs to be improved.
Aiming at the problems that the existing intelligent infrared camouflage structure is complex, needs external energy input, has a regulation range and meets the practical application, the invention provides an intelligent infrared camouflage film which does not need external energy input and can interact with the environment, and the intelligent infrared camouflage film can dynamically regulate the moisture content in the film by utilizing the moisture in the environment and combining the temperature change of a covered target received by the film, and further regulates the infrared emissivity of the film by adding the low infrared emissivity of a high-reflection layer at the bottom; meanwhile, the transparency of the film is utilized, the color of the visible light wave band is further regulated and controlled based on the structural color principle, and infrared and visible double-wave-band camouflage is realized. The film can spontaneously adjust the infrared emissivity along with the change of the temperature of a covered target, has large infrared regulation range, wide application range, light weight and good flexibility, and is expected to be applied to the fields of military affairs, biology, clothing and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film is characterized by comprising an infrared high-reflection film layer and an infrared emissivity regulating layer (a two-layer structure); the infrared high-reflection thin film layer and the infrared emissivity regulating layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the infrared emissivity regulating layer is attached to the infrared high-reflection thin film layer; wherein the infrared high-reflection film layer is a film with a metal reflection layer deposited on the surface; the infrared emissivity control layer is a porous flexible composite film containing a spontaneous water absorption substance.
Further, the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film is characterized by further comprising a visible light color regulating layer (namely comprising an infrared high-reflection film layer, a visible light color regulating layer, an infrared emissivity regulating layer and a three-layer structure); the infrared high-reflection thin film layer, the visible light color regulating layer and the infrared emissivity regulating layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the visible light color regulating layer is plated on the infrared high-reflection thin film layer, and the infrared emissivity regulating layer is attached to the visible light color regulating layer; wherein the infrared high-reflection film layer is a film with a metal reflection layer deposited on the surface; the visible light color regulating layer is a nano-scale semiconductor layer or an infrared transparent dye layer; the infrared emissivity control layer is a porous flexible composite film containing a spontaneous water absorption substance.
According to the technical scheme, the film in the infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer) is any flexible film, and the metal in the infrared high-reflection film layer is any metal, alloy and the like.
According to the technical scheme, the film in the infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer) is a porous flexible film; the metal in the infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer) is gold, silver, copper, aluminum simple substance metal or stainless steel and other alloys.
According to the technical scheme, the visible light color control layer is made of a nano semiconductor material or a dye with high infrared transmittance (infrared transparent dye). When the visible light color regulating layer is a semiconductor film, the structural color is regulated and controlled by utilizing the interference effect, and the obtained color can enable the wave crest of the visible light color regulating layer to correspond to all monochromatic light wavelengths of a visible wave band, namely all colors can be expressed under visible light; when the visible light color regulating layer is a dye with high infrared transmittance, various colors under visible light are expressed through diffusion dyeing.
According to the technical scheme, the infrared emissivity control layer is a porous composite film of a spontaneous water absorption and loss substance, wherein the substrate is a hydrophilic porous infrared transparent film, and the substrate internally contains a spontaneous water absorption and loss substance which can absorb and lose water according to temperature and humidity, such as a salt solution, a saline gel and the like. The infrared emissivity control layer is a porous flexible film with high infrared transmittance and containing salt solution inside, and the spontaneous water absorption and loss material can absorb water along with the temperature and humidity changes of the covered object, so that when the covered object is heated, the film loses water under the action of the spontaneous water absorption and loss material, and the infrared emissivity is reduced; when the object is cooled, the film absorbs water, and the infrared emissivity is increased, so that the intelligent infrared emissivity is regulated and controlled.
According to the technical scheme, the preparation method of the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing an infrared high-reflection film layer: taking a section of flexible film, plating a metal film on the section of flexible film by utilizing magnetron sputtering, wherein the adopted parameter range is that the bias voltage is 0.1-500V, the power is 10-500W, and the air pressure in the cavity is 0.1-10 Pa, so as to obtain an infrared high-reflection film layer;
2) the infrared emissivity regulating layer comprises the following manufacturing steps: (1) laying a porous flexible film on a glass plate, and placing the glass plate into a cavity of a vacuum plasma cleaning machine for surface hydrophilic treatment to attach hydrophilic groups between the surface and internal pores of the glass plate; (2) taking out the porous flexible film, turning over one surface of the glass plate to expose the film in the air, putting the glass plate into a cavity, and repeating the step (1) to ensure that hydrophilic groups are attached to the double surfaces and the inner pores of the film; (3) taking out the porous flexible film cleaned by the plasma, soaking the porous flexible film into the spontaneous water absorption substance solution, and taking out the porous flexible film after 5 minutes to obtain an infrared emissivity regulating and controlling layer with adjustable infrared emissivity;
3) and attaching the infrared emissivity control layer to the infrared high-reflection thin film layer to obtain the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage thin film.
Further, the preparation method of the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer): taking a film, and plating a layer of metal film (or called as a metal reflecting layer and a metal layer) on the film by magnetron sputtering to obtain an infrared high-reflection film layer, wherein the adopted parameter range is 0.1-500V of bias voltage, 10-500W of power and 0.1-10 Pa of air pressure in a cavity;
2) preparation of visible light color control layer (intermediate layer): plating a semiconductor film on a metal film (or called metal layer) of the infrared high-reflection film layer, wherein the adopted parameter range is that the bias voltage is 0.1-500V, the power is 10-500W, and the air pressure in the cavity is 0.1-10 Pa; obtaining a visible light color regulating layer plated on the infrared high-reflection film layer,
or, the infrared high-reflection film is soaked in the dye for a period of time for dyeing to obtain a visible light color regulating layer;
3) the infrared emissivity regulation layer (surface layer) comprises the following manufacturing steps: (1) laying a porous flexible film on a glass plate, and placing the glass plate into a cavity of a vacuum plasma cleaning machine for surface hydrophilic treatment to attach hydrophilic groups between the surface and internal pores of the glass plate; (2) taking out the porous flexible film, turning over one surface of the glass plate to expose the film in the air, putting the glass plate into a cavity, and repeating the step (1) to ensure that hydrophilic groups are attached to the double surfaces and the inner pores of the film; (3) taking out the porous flexible film cleaned by the plasma, soaking the porous flexible film into a spontaneous water absorption substance solution (such as a lithium bromide solution and a salt-containing water gel), and taking out the porous flexible film after a period of time to obtain an infrared emissivity regulating layer with adjustable infrared emissivity;
4) and attaching the infrared emissivity control layer (surface layer) to the visible light color control layer to obtain the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film.
According to the technical scheme, the preparation of the infrared high-reflection film layer in the step 1) comprises the following steps: taking a section of flexible film, plating a layer of metal film on the section of flexible film by utilizing magnetron sputtering, wherein the adopted parameter interval is that the bias voltage is 0.1-500V, the power is 10-500W, and the air pressure in the cavity is 0.1-10 Pa; and obtaining the infrared high-reflection film layer.
According to the technical scheme, the nano-scale semiconductor film in the step 2) is made of semiconductor materials such as titanium, aluminum, nitrogen and silicon; the dye includes ferric oxide, Prussian blue, etc.
According to the technical scheme, the spontaneous water absorption substance solution in the step 3) is a salt solution which can absorb and absorb water with the interaction with the environment along with the change of temperature and humidity, such as a lithium bromide solution.
According to the technical scheme, the pore diameter of the porous flexible composite membrane in the step 3) is distributed below 300 nanometers.
The specific working mechanism is as follows: as shown in fig. 2, when the temperature is close to the ambient temperature, the surface porous film of the film absorbs moisture from the environment, and the infrared emissivity is improved; moisture is released at high temperature, so that the infrared emissivity is reduced, the infrared radiation power of the covering object is ensured to be the same as or similar to that of the surrounding environment when the temperature of the covering object changes, and the infrared camouflage effect is achieved; the surface porous membrane has the pore diameter of less than 300 nanometers, has weak scattering effect on visible light, can show visible light transparency under low moisture content, and can show the color of the bottom layer; the middle semiconductor layer and the bottom layer form an interference structure, and reflection peaks with long interference phases can be obtained at different wavebands by changing the thickness of the semiconductor layer, or different colors can be obtained by the diffusion effect of dyes, so that different colors can be selected according to the background environment in use. By combining the infrared regulation and control characteristics of the surface layer and the visible light regulation of the intermediate layer, the novel film with the infrared band intelligence and visible light double-band camouflage function can be obtained.
Relative to the existing research results, the film designed and prepared in the invention has the following six innovation points (significant beneficial effects):
(1) the infrared emissivity regulation layer (surface layer) can perform moisture interaction with the atmosphere according to the change of the temperature of a covered target object, and spontaneously and dynamically regulate the infrared emissivity. In the prior invention, few devices relate to the spontaneous regulation of infrared emissivity without external energy input, which causes energy waste, and the invention relating to the spontaneous regulation of emissivity is generally not capable of dynamic regulation. In the present invention, however, only one thin film is involved, so that it can spontaneously adjust its infrared emissivity according to the temperature of the target object. The spontaneous water-absorbing substance in the film can absorb and lose water according to the change of the environmental temperature. When the temperature of a target covered by the film rises, the water in the film evaporates, and the integral infrared emissivity is reduced; when the target temperature decreases, the film absorbs water from the atmosphere and the overall infrared emissivity increases. Therefore, the target object has a camouflage effect at different temperatures and is fused with the environment.
(2) The infrared emissivity control range is wide. The invention can spontaneously adjust the infrared emissivity, and the change range of the infrared emissivity is not large. In the invention, metal with high reflectivity in an infrared band is particularly added, and due to the existence of an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer), the integral emissivity of the invention at high temperature is very low and can reach 0.26 at the lowest, and the integral emissivity at low temperature can reach 1.0 at the highest, so that the invention is an infrared camouflage technology with the largest infrared emissivity regulation range at present.
(3) The invention can be repeatedly used and has high response speed. Repeatability tests are carried out on the practical situation of the invention, and the feasibility of the invention in reality is proved. When the target object changes cyclically at high temperature and low temperature, the emissivity of the film can also change cyclically, and the change is basically synchronous, namely, the fusion degree of the target object and the environment basically does not change along with the temperature under the infrared visual angle.
(4) The invention can customize the visible light characteristics and realize visible-infrared double-waveband camouflage. In order to achieve a better camouflage effect, the invention also performs certain color effect treatment on the visible wave band. A magnetron sputtering instrument is utilized to plate a semiconductor coating on an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer), the color of the coating can be controlled according to the length of magnetron sputtering time, the characteristics of visible wave bands can be weakened according to different interference effects caused by different thicknesses, the three primary colors of red, green and blue can be obtained, and all colors under visible light which is the same as a rainbow can be obtained by adding the coating time. And the coating thickness is very thin, and the infrared emissivity of the invention is basically not influenced. The dye can also be used for manufacturing different visible wave band colors by utilizing the diffusion effect, has high infrared transmittance and has no influence on the infrared emissivity of the invention.
(5) The invention is simple, soft, low in cost and wide in the selection range of available substrates. Most of inventions needing external energy input are complex in system, but for the invention, the infrared emissivity can be spontaneously regulated, and the external energy input is not needed, so the system is simple. The film substrate of the infrared control layer has the advantages of small overall quality, good flexibility and low cost. The infrared high-reflection layer substrate can be any flexible film, so that the selection range of available substrates is wide, and the infrared high-reflection layer substrate can be applied to industrial mass production.
(6) The invention has wide application range. The invention is finally combined into the same film, and can be easily attached to the surface of any object, so the application range is very wide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention. In fig. 1: 1-infrared emissivity regulating layer, 2-visible light color regulating layer, and 3-infrared high reflection film layer.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the invention after attachment of a hydrophilic group.
FIG. 3 is a graph of emissivity versus temperature of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a spectrum of different colors of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
an intelligent infrared and visible light dual-waveband camouflage film comprises an infrared high-reflection thin film layer and an infrared emissivity regulating layer (namely the film has a two-layer structure), wherein the infrared high-reflection thin film layer (bottom layer) and the infrared emissivity regulating layer (surface layer) are arranged from bottom to top, and the infrared emissivity regulating layer is attached to (namely is adhered to) the infrared high-reflection thin film layer by virtue of hydrophilic groups; wherein the infrared high reflection film layer (bottom layer) is a conventional film with a metal reflection layer deposited on the surface, and has a low infrared emissivity (figure 3); the infrared emissivity control layer (surface layer) is a porous flexible composite film (figure 1) containing salt solution (such as lithium bromide solution), and is transparent under visible light, so as to display bottom color; the porous matrix is transparent in an infrared atmospheric window wave band, and the infrared characteristic is adjusted by the water content of the solution; the internal water content can change along with the temperature of the covered target, thereby realizing intelligent regulation of the infrared emissivity.
The invention adopts a porous polyethylene film (PE film for short) with the thickness of 7 mu m, 12 mu m and 16 mu m as an infrared emissivity regulation layer (surface layer) after being soaked in a lithium bromide solution. The gold-plated high-reflection film is an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer).
The preparation method of the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer): taking a section of porous polyethylene film (PE film) with the thickness of 7 mu m, and plating a gold film (or called as a metal reflecting layer and a metal film) with the thickness of about 250nm on the PE film by magnetron sputtering, wherein the parameters are bias voltage of 50V, power of 50W and air pressure inside a cavity of 2.0 Pa; and obtaining the infrared high-reflection film layer (namely the high-reflection layer). The infrared reflectance thereof was 0.05.
2) The infrared emissivity control layer (surface layer, or: infrared emissivity regulating thin film layer), which is manufactured by the following steps: (1) laying a section of porous polyethylene film with the thickness of 7 mu m on a glass plate, putting the glass plate into a cavity of a vacuum plasma cleaning machine (performing surface hydrophilic treatment), vacuumizing, starting the machine, adjusting to a middle level, cleaning for 3 minutes, cooling for five minutes, and repeating the circulation for 3 times to attach hydrophilic groups between the surface and the internal pores of the glass plate; (2) taking out the porous polyethylene film, turning over one surface of the porous polyethylene film paved on the glass plate to expose the porous polyethylene film in the air, putting the porous polyethylene film into the cavity, and repeating the step (1) to ensure that hydrophilic groups are attached to the double surfaces and the inner pores of the porous polyethylene film; (3) and taking out the porous polyethylene film cleaned by the plasma, soaking the porous polyethylene film in a lithium bromide solution, and taking out the porous polyethylene film after 5 minutes to obtain the infrared emissivity regulating and controlling layer (surface layer) with adjustable infrared emissivity.
3) The infrared emissivity control layer (surface layer) is attached to (adhered by hydrophilic groups) the infrared high-reflection thin film layer, so that the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film (or called dual-band camouflage film) can be obtained. Wherein the infrared emissivity is reversibly variable in the range of 0.8 to 0.26 with temperature from 25 ℃ to 67.5 ℃ (fig. 2).
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, an intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film comprises an infrared high-reflection thin film layer, a visible light color regulation layer and an infrared emissivity regulation layer (namely, the film has a three-layer structure), wherein the infrared high-reflection thin film layer (bottom layer), the visible light color regulation layer (middle layer) and the infrared emissivity regulation layer (surface layer) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a visible light color regulation layer 2 is plated on an infrared high-reflection thin film layer 3, and an infrared emissivity regulation layer 1 is attached to (i.e., adhered to) the visible light color regulation layer 2 by virtue of a hydrophilic group; wherein the infrared high reflection film layer (bottom layer) is a conventional film with a metal reflection layer deposited on the surface, and has a low infrared emissivity (figure 3); the visible light color regulating layer (middle layer) is a nano-scale semiconductor layer, and the visible light apparent color of the bottom layer controllable film is combined, but the infrared reflectivity of the bottom layer is not obviously reduced (figure 3); the infrared emissivity control layer (surface layer) is a porous flexible composite film (figure 1) containing salt solution, and is transparent under visible light, so that the bottom color is displayed; the porous matrix is transparent in an infrared atmospheric window wave band, and the infrared characteristic is adjusted by the water content of the solution; the internal water content can change along with the temperature of the covered target, thereby realizing intelligent regulation of the infrared emissivity.
The invention adopts a porous polyethylene film (PE film for short) with the thickness of 7 mu m, 12 mu m and 16 mu m as an infrared emissivity regulation layer (surface layer) after being soaked in a lithium bromide solution. The gold-plated high-reflection film is an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer). A visible light color regulation layer (intermediate layer) for regulating a visible wave band adopts a TiAlN semiconductor.
The preparation method of the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer): taking a section of porous polyethylene film (PE film) with the thickness of 7 mu m, and plating a gold film (or called as a metal reflecting layer and a metal film) with the thickness of about 250nm on the PE film by magnetron sputtering, wherein the parameters are bias voltage of 50V, power of 50W and air pressure inside a cavity of 2.0 Pa; and obtaining the infrared high-reflection film layer (namely the high-reflection layer). The infrared reflectance thereof was 0.05.
2) Preparation of visible light color control layer (intermediate layer): plating a TiAlN layer on a gold layer (or named as a gold film) of the infrared high-reflection film layer (namely the high-reflection layer), wherein the thickness of the TiAlN layer is 50nm, the adopted parameters are 50V of bias voltage, 250W of power and 0.7Pa of air pressure in the cavity; and obtaining the visible light color regulating layer plated on the infrared high-reflection thin film layer (namely obtaining a substrate thin film which is the infrared high-reflection thin film layer and the visible light color regulating layer).
3) The infrared emissivity control layer (surface layer, or: infrared emissivity regulating thin film layer), which is manufactured by the following steps: (1) laying a section of porous polyethylene film with the thickness of 7 mu m on a glass plate, putting the glass plate into a cavity of a vacuum plasma cleaning machine (performing surface hydrophilic treatment), vacuumizing, starting the machine, adjusting to a middle level, cleaning for 3 minutes, cooling for five minutes, and repeating the circulation for 3 times to attach hydrophilic groups between the surface and the internal pores of the glass plate; (2) taking out the porous polyethylene film, turning over one surface of the porous polyethylene film paved on the glass plate to expose the porous polyethylene film in the air, putting the porous polyethylene film into the cavity, and repeating the step (1) to ensure that hydrophilic groups are attached to the double surfaces and the inner pores of the porous polyethylene film; (3) and taking out the porous polyethylene film cleaned by the plasma, soaking the porous polyethylene film in a lithium bromide solution, and taking out the porous polyethylene film after 5 minutes to obtain the infrared emissivity regulating and controlling layer (surface layer) with adjustable infrared emissivity.
4) An infrared emissivity control layer (surface layer) is attached to (adhered to) a visible light color control layer { i.e., a base film (an infrared high-reflection film layer and a visible light color control layer) plated with a color layer } so as to obtain an intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film (or called a dual-band camouflage film). Wherein the visible light band is blue (figure 3), and the infrared emissivity can be reversibly changed in the range of 0.8-0.26 with the temperature of 25-67.5 deg.C (figure 2).
Example 3:
substantially the same as in example 1 or 2, except that: and (3) preparing an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer). The infrared high-reflection layer adopts a stainless steel film with the thickness of 10 mu m as a substrate, and metal gold is plated on the stainless steel film as the high-reflection layer.
The preparation steps of the infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer) are as follows: a section of stainless steel film (flexible film) with the thickness of 10 mu m is taken, a gold film with the thickness of about 250nm is plated on the stainless steel film by magnetron sputtering, and the parameters are 50V of bias voltage, 50W of power and 2.0Pa of air pressure in a cavity. The infrared reflectivity is 0.95; and obtaining the infrared high-reflection film layer (namely the high-reflection layer).
Example 3:
substantially the same as in example 1 or 2, except that: and (3) preparing an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer). The infrared high reflection film layer (bottom layer) adopts a porous polyethylene film with the thickness of 7 mu m as a substrate, and is plated with metal silver as a high reflection layer.
The preparation steps of the infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer) are as follows: taking a section of porous polyethylene film with the thickness of 7 mu m, plating a layer of silver with the thickness of about 300nm on the section of porous polyethylene film by utilizing magnetron sputtering, wherein the parameters are 100V of bias voltage, 50W of power and 1.0Pa of air pressure in a cavity; the infrared reflectance thereof was 0.08.
Example 4
Substantially the same as in example 1 or 2, except that: and (3) preparing an infrared high-reflection film layer (bottom layer). The infrared high-reflection layer adopts a porous polyethylene film with the thickness of 7 mu m as a substrate, and metal copper is plated on the porous polyethylene film as the high-reflection layer.
The infrared high-reflection film layer comprises the following manufacturing steps: a section of porous polyethylene film with the thickness of 7 mu m is taken, a layer of copper with the thickness of about 270nm is plated on the section of porous polyethylene film by magnetron sputtering, the parameters are 50V of bias voltage, 50W of power and 1.5Pa of air pressure in a cavity, and the infrared reflectivity of the section of porous polyethylene film is 0.1.
Example 5
Essentially the same as example 2, except that: preparation of visible light color control layer (intermediate layer). Plating a layer of TiAlN (red TiAlN (210nm is red) on the gold layer (or the silver layer in the embodiment 3 or the copper layer in the embodiment 4) of the infrared high-reflection film layer (namely the high-reflection layer), wherein the thickness of the TiAlN is 210nm, the adopted parameters are 50V of bias voltage, 250W of power and 0.7Pa of air pressure in the cavity; and obtaining the visible light color regulating layer plated on the infrared high-reflection film layer.
Example 6
Essentially the same as example 2, except that: preparation of visible light color control layer (intermediate layer). Plating a layer of TiAlN (for example, green (250nm of TiAlN is green) on the gold layer (or the silver layer in the embodiment 3 or the copper layer in the embodiment 4) of the infrared high-reflection film layer (namely, the high-reflection layer), wherein the thickness of the TiAlN is 250nm, the adopted parameters are 50V of bias voltage, 250W of power and 0.7Pa of air pressure in the cavity; and obtaining the visible light color regulating layer plated on the infrared high-reflection film layer.
Example 7
Essentially the same as example 2, except that: preparation of visible light color control layer (intermediate layer). Doping a gold layer (or a silver layer of example 3, a copper layer of example 4) of the infrared high-reflection thin film layer (i.e. high-reflection layer) with a dye with high infrared transmittance and color, such as blue prussian blue and red ferric oxide; and obtaining the visible light color regulating layer plated on the infrared high-reflection film layer.
Example 8
Essentially the same as example 2, except that: preparation of visible light color control layer (intermediate layer). Soaking the infrared high-reflection film in a dye for a period of time for dyeing to obtain a visible light color regulating layer; the dye is blue Prussian blue and red ferric oxide.
Claims (7)
1. An intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film is characterized by comprising an infrared high-reflection film layer and an infrared emissivity regulating layer; the infrared high-reflection thin film layer and the infrared emissivity regulating layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the infrared emissivity regulating layer is attached to the infrared high-reflection thin film layer; wherein the infrared high-reflection film layer is a film with a metal reflection layer deposited on the surface; the infrared emissivity control layer is a porous flexible composite film containing a spontaneous water absorption substance.
2. The intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-waveband camouflage film further comprises a visible light color regulation layer; the infrared high-reflection thin film layer, the visible light color regulating layer and the infrared emissivity regulating layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the visible light color regulating layer is plated on the infrared high-reflection thin film layer, and the infrared emissivity regulating layer is attached to the visible light color regulating layer; wherein the infrared high-reflection film layer is a film with a metal reflection layer deposited on the surface; the visible light color regulating layer is a nano-scale semiconductor layer or an infrared transparent dye layer; the infrared emissivity control layer is a porous flexible composite film containing a spontaneous water absorption substance.
3. The intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the film in the infrared high-reflection film layer is any flexible film, and the metal in the infrared high-reflection film layer is any simple substance metal or alloy.
4. The intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the visible light color regulating layer is made of semiconductor material or infrared transparent dye capable of regulating structural color.
5. The intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the infrared emissivity regulating layer is a porous flexible composite film containing a spontaneous water absorption and absorption substance, the porous flexible film has high infrared transmittance, and the spontaneous water absorption and absorption substance can absorb water along with the temperature and humidity changes of a covered object, so that when the covered object is heated, the film loses water, and the infrared emissivity is reduced; when the object is cooled, the film absorbs water, the infrared emissivity is increased, and the intelligent infrared emissivity regulation and control are realized.
6. The method for preparing the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
1) preparing an infrared high-reflection film layer: taking a section of flexible film, plating a metal film on the section of flexible film by utilizing magnetron sputtering, wherein the adopted parameter range is that the bias voltage is 0.1-500V, the power is 10-500W, and the air pressure in the cavity is 0.1-10 Pa, so as to obtain an infrared high-reflection film layer;
2) the infrared emissivity regulating layer comprises the following manufacturing steps: (1) laying a porous flexible film on a glass plate, and placing the glass plate into a cavity of a vacuum plasma cleaning machine for surface hydrophilic treatment to attach hydrophilic groups between the surface and internal pores of the glass plate; (2) taking out the porous flexible film, turning over one surface of the glass plate to expose the film in the air, putting the glass plate into a cavity, and repeating the step (1) to ensure that hydrophilic groups are attached to the double surfaces and the inner pores of the film; (3) taking out the porous flexible film cleaned by the plasma, soaking the porous flexible film into the spontaneous water absorption substance solution, and taking out the porous flexible film after 5 minutes to obtain an infrared emissivity regulating and controlling layer with adjustable infrared emissivity;
3) and attaching the infrared emissivity control layer to the infrared high-reflection thin film layer to obtain the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage thin film.
7. The method for preparing an intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film according to claim 6, further comprising a visible light color control layer; preparing a visible light color control layer: plating a nano-scale semiconductor film on the metal film of the infrared high-reflection film layer, wherein the adopted parameter range is that the bias voltage is 0.1-500V, the power is 10-500W, and the air pressure in the cavity is 0.1-10 Pa; obtaining a visible light color regulating layer plated on the infrared high-reflection film layer;
or, the infrared high-reflection film is soaked in the dye for dyeing to obtain the visible light color regulating layer;
and attaching the infrared emissivity control layer to the visible light color control layer to obtain the intelligent infrared and visible light dual-band camouflage film.
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| CN115388710A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-25 | 厦门大学 | Modulator with infrared radiation regulation and control function and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN116339028A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-06-27 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Application of transparent electrorheological infrared emissivity device in visible light-infrared compatible camouflage |
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