CN111736239A - Tunable terahertz wave polarization rotation flexible metamaterial and use method thereof - Google Patents
Tunable terahertz wave polarization rotation flexible metamaterial and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial and a using method thereof relate to a metamaterial and a using method thereof. The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial comprises a substrate and a micro-channel layer, wherein the micro-channel layer is divided into a first micro-channel layer and a second micro-channel layer, and the second micro-channel layer is located between the substrate and the first micro-channel layer. The use method of the flexible metamaterial comprises the following steps: injecting a liquid solution into the wide microchannel; after the wide microchannel is filled with the liquid solution, continuously injecting the liquid solution until the first microchannel layer deforms and protrudes to form a wavy non-plane which is in a non-plane state; the first micro-channel layer is not jacked up by the liquid solution, and the tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial is in a planar state. The flexible metamaterial can realize polarization conversion and polarization rotation under the terahertz condition, and the metamaterial is structurally reconstructed by a microfluidic technology, so that the polarization conversion efficiency and the polarization rotation angle are tuned, and the polarization can be effectively controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metamaterial and a using method thereof.
Background
Polarization plays an important role in the fields of optical imaging, life science microscopy, multiplex optical communication, and the like, as an inherent characteristic of electromagnetic waves. The polarization direction can be effectively manipulated by polarization transformation or polarization rotation. Polarization switching can typically be achieved by anisotropic materials or structures, while polarization rotation typically relies on the faraday effect. Gratings and photonic crystals have also been proposed for polarization direction control. In recent years, metamaterials have been proposed as effective means of manipulating the amplitude, phase delay, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. This operation is highly dependent on the geometry of the metamaterial unit molecules. By proper unit molecular design, promising applications are achieved, including beam steering, diffraction-limited focusing, holographic imaging, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Polarization transformation of metamaterials relies primarily on anisotropy of metamaterial unit molecules, whereas polarization rotation is typically achieved by unit molecules of chiral structures. In order to effectively control polarization in practical application, the invention provides a tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial and a using method thereof.
The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial comprises a substrate and a micro-channel layer, wherein the micro-channel layer is divided into a first micro-channel layer and a second micro-channel layer, and the second micro-channel layer is positioned between the substrate and the first micro-channel layer;
the first microchannel layer is made of flexible material; the first microchannel layer comprises N main microchannels which are arranged in parallel in an equidistant and transverse mode; filling liquid metal in the main microchannel; each main microchannel is formed by M same microchannel units which are communicated at equal intervals, and each microchannel unit is of a chiral structure;
m wide microchannels which are longitudinally arranged in parallel at equal intervals are arranged in the second microchannel layer, and the wide microchannels are mutually communicated; the width of the wide microchannel is the same as the width of the microchannel unit; filling liquid solution in the wide microchannel; the liquid solution inlet and the liquid solution outlet are respectively communicated with the wide microchannel.
The application method of the tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial is characterized in that a liquid solution inlet and a liquid solution outlet are opened, and the liquid solution is injected into a wide microchannel; after the wide microchannel is filled with the liquid solution, closing the liquid solution outlet, and continuously injecting the liquid solution until the first microchannel layer deforms and protrudes to form a wavy non-plane which is in a non-plane state;
the first micro-channel layer is not jacked up by the liquid solution, and the tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial is in a planar state.
The flexible metamaterial capable of tuning terahertz wave polarization rotation can realize polarization conversion and polarization rotation under the terahertz condition, and the metamaterial is structurally reconstructed by a microfluidic technology, so that the polarization conversion efficiency and the polarization rotation angle are tuned, the polarization can be effectively controlled, and the flexible metamaterial is flexible and multifunctional.
The cross transmittance of the flexible metamaterial in the direction from the linear polarization to the orthogonal direction of the flexible metamaterial with tunable terahertz wave polarization rotation is changed in real time within 0-28%, and the polarization rotation angle is remarkably adjusted from-12.8 degrees to 13.1 degrees in an experiment. The polarized terahertz wave can play an important role in terahertz communication multiplexing, anisotropic or birefringent material analysis, holographic imaging and the like. The flexible metamaterial with tunable terahertz wave polarization rotation has effective polarization control, integrates optical devices in a terahertz range, and provides a basis for application of beam control, optical imaging, light focusing and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flexible metamaterial non-planar structure for polarization rotation of tunable terahertz waves according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of polarization rotation caused by interaction of an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole when a flexible metamaterial capable of tuning terahertz wave polarization rotation is in a non-planar state;
FIG. 5 is a simulated polarization rotation angle graph in the terahertz range under different deformation amplitudes A of the flexible metamaterial in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the simulation effect of the surface current of the planar state of the flexible metamaterial in the terahertz waveband in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 7 is a surface current simulation effect diagram of the non-planar state of the flexible metamaterial in the terahertz waveband in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a flexible metamaterial according to the embodiment 1;
FIG. 9 is a microscope observation of a first microchannel layer of the flexible metamaterial according to example 1;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a microchannel unit of the first microchannel layer of the flexible metamaterial in example 1;
FIG. 11 is a partial microscope view of the overlapping of a first microchannel layer and a second microchannel layer of the flexible metamaterial according to example 1;
FIG. 12 is a polarization rotation measurement diagram of the flexible metamaterial in example 1.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the tunable terahertz wave polarization rotation flexible metamaterial comprises a substrate 3 and a microchannel layer, wherein the microchannel layer is divided into a first microchannel layer 1 and a second microchannel layer 2, and the second microchannel layer 2 is located between the substrate 3 and the first microchannel layer 1;
the first microchannel layer is made of flexible material; the first microchannel layer comprises main microchannels 1-1, wherein the number of the main microchannels is N, and the main microchannels are arranged transversely and parallelly at equal intervals; filling liquid metal in the main microchannel; each main microchannel is formed by M identical microchannel units 1-1-1 which are communicated at equal intervals, and each microchannel unit is of a chiral structure;
m wide microchannels 2-1 which are longitudinally arranged in parallel at equal intervals are arranged in the second microchannel layer, and the wide microchannels are mutually communicated; the width of the wide microchannel is the same as the width of the microchannel unit; filling liquid solution in the wide microchannel; the liquid solution inlet 4 and the liquid solution outlet 5 are respectively communicated with the wide microchannel.
N in this embodiment is a positive integer; m is a positive integer.
When the flexible metamaterial with the tunable terahertz wave polarization rotation is in a planar state, the flexible metamaterial only responds to a terahertz wave electric field to generate electric dipoles and does not generate magnetic response, so that polarization rotation is not generated. When the first microchannel layer is deformed, the flexible metamaterial with tunable terahertz wave polarization rotation in the embodiment is in a non-planar state (as shown in fig. 2), the microchannel unit and the liquid metal therein are deformed, and the flexible metamaterial excites a magnetic dipole parallel to an electric dipole while generating an electrical response to an incident electromagnetic wave. Both dipoles can cause a current change in the metamaterial, thus interacting and re-radiating the polarization-rotated terahertz waves, as shown in fig. 4. Under the action of an incident electric field, an electric dipole p is excited in the metamaterial unit molecules, and a scattering electric field E is emittedp. m is parallel or antiparallel magnetic dipole p, and can emit scattering electric field Em。EpBinding of EmForm the total scattered field EsThe total scattered field direction is not parallel to the incident Ei. Thus, the electric field of the terahertz waves transmitted through the metamaterial, i.e. "Ei+Es", for original EiThe direction is rotated.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the flexible material of the first microchannel layer is Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: the thickness of the first micro-channel layer PDMS is 120-180 μm. The other embodiments are the same as the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first, second, or third embodiment in that: the depth of the main micro-channel is 20-40 μm, and the width is 130-150 μm. The others are the same as the first, second or third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to fourth embodiments in that: the microchannel unit 1-1-1 is
And (4) shaping. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
sixth embodiment A difference between the first embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that the size of the microchannel unit is 1 × 1mm2. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to sixth embodiments in that: the first microchannel layer also comprises auxiliary microchannels 1-2; the two auxiliary micro-channels are respectively positioned at two ends of the main micro-channel, and each auxiliary micro-channel is communicated with the N main micro-channels; one of the auxiliary microchannels is connected with a metal liquid inlet 6, and the other auxiliary microchannel is connected with a metal liquid outlet 7. The other is the same as in one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment is different from the first to seventh embodiments in that: the second microchannel layer is of a flexible material. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the flexible material of the second microchannel layer is PDMS. The other is the same as in one of the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: the refractive index of the liquid solution is the same as the refractive index of the second microchannel layer material. The other is the same as in one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the present embodiment differs from the first to tenth embodiments in that: the depth of the wide micro-channel is 20-40 μm; the width is 700-800 μm. The others are the same as in one of the first to tenth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode twelve: the application method of the tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial is characterized in that a liquid solution inlet and a liquid solution outlet are opened, and the liquid solution is injected into a wide microchannel; after the wide microchannel is filled with the liquid solution, closing the liquid solution outlet, and continuously injecting the liquid solution until the first microchannel layer is jacked up to form a wavy non-plane which is in a non-plane state;
the first micro-channel layer is not jacked up by the liquid solution, and the tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial is in a planar state.
Example 1
The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial used in the embodiment comprises a substrate and a microchannel layer, wherein the microchannel layer is divided into a first microchannel layer and a second microchannel layer, and the second microchannel layer is positioned between the substrate and the first microchannel layer;
the first microchannel layer is made of flexible material; the first microchannel layer comprises 30 main microchannels which are arranged transversely in parallel at equal intervals; filling liquid metal in the main microchannel; each main microchannel is formed by communicating 30 same microchannel units at equal intervals, and the microchannel units are of chiral structures;
m wide microchannels which are longitudinally arranged in parallel at equal intervals are arranged in the second microchannel layer, and the wide microchannels are mutually communicated; the width of the wide microchannel is the same as the width of the microchannel unit; filling liquid solution in the wide microchannel; the liquid solution inlet and the liquid solution outlet are respectively communicated with the wide microchannel;
the flexible material of the first microchannel layer is PDMS, and the thickness of the PDMS of the first microchannel layer is 120-180 μm; the depth of the main micro-channel is 20-40 μm, and the width is 130-150 μm; the microchannel unit is
the size of the micro-channel unit is 1 × 1mm2the first micro-channel layer comprises 30 multiplied by 30 micro-channel units;
the first microchannel layer also comprises an auxiliary microchannel; the two auxiliary micro-channels are respectively positioned at two ends of the main micro-channel, and each auxiliary micro-channel is communicated with the N main micro-channels; one auxiliary microchannel is connected with the metal liquid inlet, and the other auxiliary microchannel is connected with the metal liquid outlet;
the second microchannel layer is made of a flexible material PDMS; the refractive index of the liquid solution is the same as that of PDMS; the depth of the wide micro-channel is 20-40 μm; the width is 700-800 μm;
the liquid metal is gallium indium tin alloy (Galinstan); the substrate is flexible PDMS.
Polarization rotation calculation of the flexible metamaterial in the terahertz range under different deformation amplitudes A is shown in FIG. 5. The deformation amplitude value is the center displacement of each element atom from a planar structure to a non-planar structure. When a is increased to 30 μm, a terahertz wave polarization rotation of 0.24THz will reach 13 °; this corresponds to a wavelength of 1.25mm and a large polarization capacity of 270/lambda, which exceeds the native material by 4 orders of magnitude. Fig. 6 and 7 analyze polarization rotation by studying the induced electric field on the flexible metamaterial of the present embodiment. Compared with a planar structure, in the case of x-polarization, the y-component of the electric field induced by an incident wave on a non-planar metamaterial is much stronger. Thus, an important polarization rotation is achieved.
The microchannel layer prepared in this embodiment is bonded on a PDMS substrate, as shown in fig. 8 to 11. Measuring the polarization rotation of the flexible metamaterial of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 12. No polarization rotation was observed in the measured 0.2THz to 0.26THz bands when no liquid pressure was applied (i.e. the flexible metamaterial planar state), while a 9 ° polarization rotation was observed at the frequency 0.235THz position when liquid pressure was applied (i.e. the flexible metamaterial non-planar state). The flexible metamaterial provided by the invention is proved to realize tunable polarization rotation in a terahertz range.
Claims (9)
1. The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial comprises a substrate and a microchannel layer, and is characterized in that the microchannel layer is divided into a first microchannel layer and a second microchannel layer, and the second microchannel layer is positioned between the substrate and the first microchannel layer;
the first microchannel layer is made of flexible material; the first microchannel layer comprises N main microchannels which are arranged in parallel in an equidistant and transverse mode; filling liquid metal in the main microchannel; each main microchannel is formed by M same microchannel units which are communicated at equal intervals, and each microchannel unit is of a chiral structure;
m wide microchannels which are longitudinally arranged in parallel at equal intervals are arranged in the second microchannel layer, and the wide microchannels are mutually communicated; the width of the wide microchannel is the same as the width of the microchannel unit; filling liquid solution in the wide microchannel; the liquid solution inlet and the liquid solution outlet are respectively communicated with the wide microchannel.
2. The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the flexible material of the first microchannel layer is PDMS.
3. The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the thickness of the first microchannel layer PDMS is 120 μm to 180 μm.
4. The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein the micro-channel unit is
And (4) shaping.
5. The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein the first microchannel layer further comprises an auxiliary microchannel; the two auxiliary micro-channels are respectively positioned at two ends of the main micro-channel, and each auxiliary micro-channel is communicated with the N main micro-channels; one of the auxiliary microchannels is connected with the metal liquid inlet, and the other auxiliary microchannel is connected with the metal liquid outlet.
6. The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein the second microchannel layer is made of a flexible material.
7. The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to claim 6, wherein the refractive index of the liquid solution is the same as that of the material of the second microchannel layer.
8. The tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein the depth of the wide microchannel is 20-40 μm; the width is 700-800 μm.
9. The use method of the tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein a liquid solution inlet and a liquid solution outlet are opened, and the liquid solution is injected into the wide microchannel; after the wide microchannel is filled with the liquid solution, closing the liquid solution outlet, and continuously injecting the liquid solution until the first microchannel layer is jacked up to form a wavy non-plane which is in a non-plane state;
the first micro-channel layer is not jacked up by the liquid solution, and the tunable terahertz wave polarization rotating flexible metamaterial is in a planar state.
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