CN111736215B - Fault fault distance determining method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a fault-throw determining method and a fault-throw determining device, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas geology. The method comprises the following steps: displaying a seismic profile of a geographic region in which a target stratum is located; displaying one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in the seismic profile; if a first selection instruction for the displayed one maximum positive curvature attribute point and one minimum negative curvature attribute point is detected, taking a depth difference value between the one maximum positive curvature attribute point and the one minimum negative curvature attribute point as a fault distance of a first fault in the target stratum. Thus, the first fault with small fault distance and without obvious fault in the seismic section diagram can be accurately determined.

Description

Fault fault distance determining method and device

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas geology, in particular to a fault-offset determining method and device.

Background

The fracture refers to internal fracture of a rock caused by various fractures due to loss of cohesion of the rock due to structural deformation, diagenesis, and the like. In the early stage of fault formation, diagenetic fluid can flow along the fault, so that a reservoir can be formed and becomes an oil-gas storage space; at the later stage of fault formation, oil and gas can vertically migrate along the fault and finally be accumulated in a reservoir.

The fault and the area nearby the fault are usually the main oil and gas distribution areas, which are favorable target areas for oil and gas exploration and well position deployment. Therefore, the study of fault characteristics is very important. And determining fault distance of faults is one of important bases for researching fault characteristics such as fault scale, fault closure, fault associated structure and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a fault distance determining method and device, which can accurately determine fault distances. The technical scheme is as follows:

in one aspect, a fault throw determination method is provided, and the method includes:

displaying a seismic profile of a geographic region in which a target stratum is located;

displaying one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in the seismic profile;

if a first selection instruction for the displayed one maximum positive curvature attribute point and one minimum negative curvature attribute point is detected, taking a depth difference value between the one maximum positive curvature attribute point and the one minimum negative curvature attribute point as a fault distance of a first fault in the target stratum.

Optionally, before the displaying the seismic profile of the geographic area where the target formation is located, the method further includes:

acquiring a plurality of seismic section maps of a geographic area where the target stratum is located;

determining one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in each of the plurality of seismic profiles according to the depth range of the target formation;

displaying a plan view of a geographical area in which the target stratum is located;

displaying a first position point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target stratum and a second position point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target stratum in the plan view;

the seismic profile for displaying the geographic area of the target formation comprises:

if a second selection instruction for the displayed first position point is detected, displaying the seismic section corresponding to the first position point in the plurality of seismic section;

and if a third selection instruction for the displayed second position point is detected, displaying the seismic section corresponding to the second position point in the plurality of seismic section.

Optionally, after displaying, in the plan view, the first position point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation and the second position point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation, the method further includes:

sequentially displaying the seismic section maps corresponding to each position point in the other position points in the plurality of seismic section maps according to the extending direction of the target stratum for the other position points except the displayed first position point and the second position point in the plan view;

and regarding any one of the other position points, taking the fault distance input in the process of displaying the seismic section corresponding to the one position point as the fault distance of a second fault in the target stratum, and taking the one position point as a third position point to be displayed in the plan.

Optionally, the method further comprises:

acquiring the main frequency of the seismic data of the geographical area where the target stratum is located;

forward modeling is carried out according to a plurality of preset fault distances, the seismic data and the main frequency of the seismic data to obtain forward modeling seismic data;

generating and displaying a simulated seismic section according to the forward seismic data;

and in the process of displaying the simulated seismic section map, if a confirmation instruction of one preset fault distance in the plurality of preset fault distances is detected, taking the preset fault distance as an identifiable fault distance.

Optionally, after the step of taking the depth difference between the one maximum positive curvature attribute point and the one minimum negative curvature attribute point as the fault distance of the first fault in the target formation, the method further comprises:

displaying a fault distance of each fault in the target formation;

for any fault in the target stratum, if the fault distance of the fault is larger than or equal to the identifiable fault distance, performing first marking on the fault distance of the fault;

and if the fault distance of the fault is smaller than the identifiable fault distance, performing second marking on the fault distance of the fault.

In one aspect, there is provided a fault throw determination apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

the first display module is used for displaying a seismic section of a geographic area where a target stratum is located;

a second display module for displaying one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in the seismic profile;

a first determining module, configured to, when a first selection instruction for one of the displayed maximum positive curvature attribute points and one of the displayed minimum negative curvature attribute points is detected, take a depth difference value between the one of the maximum positive curvature attribute points and the one of the minimum negative curvature attribute points as a fault distance of a first fault in the target formation.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of seismic section maps of the geographic area where the target stratum is located;

a second determination module, configured to determine, according to the depth range of the target formation, one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in each of the plurality of seismic profiles;

the third display module is used for displaying a plan view of the geographic area where the target stratum is located;

a fourth display module, configured to display, in the plan view, the first position point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation, and display the second position point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation;

the first display module includes:

a first display sub-module, configured to display a seismic profile corresponding to one of the first location points among the plurality of seismic profiles when a second selection instruction for the displayed one of the first location points is detected;

and the second display sub-module is used for displaying the seismic section map corresponding to the second position point in the plurality of seismic section maps when a third selection instruction for the displayed second position point is detected.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

a fifth display module, configured to sequentially display, for other location points in the plan view except for the displayed first location point and the displayed second location point, a seismic profile corresponding to each location point in the other location points in the plurality of seismic profile views according to an extending direction of the target formation;

and the sixth display module is used for regarding any one of the other position points, taking the fault distance input in the process of displaying the seismic section corresponding to the position point as the fault distance of the second fault in the target stratum, and taking the position point as a third position point to be displayed in the plan.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the main frequency of the seismic data of the geographic area where the target stratum is located;

the forward modeling module is used for performing forward modeling according to a plurality of preset fault distances, the seismic data and the main frequency of the seismic data to obtain forward seismic data;

the seventh display module is used for generating and displaying a simulated seismic profile according to the forward seismic data;

and the third determining module is used for taking one preset fault distance as an identifiable fault distance if a confirmation instruction of the preset fault distance in the plurality of preset fault distances is detected in the process of displaying the simulated seismic section.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

the eighth display module is used for displaying the fault distance of each fault in the target stratum;

the first marking module is used for carrying out first marking on the fault distance of any fault in the target stratum if the fault distance of the fault is larger than or equal to the identifiable fault distance;

and the second marking module is used for carrying out second marking on the fault distance of the fault if the fault distance of the fault is smaller than the identifiable fault distance.

In one aspect, a computer device is provided, which includes a processor and a memory, the memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor is used for loading and executing the computer program stored in the memory to realize the steps of the fault-distance determining method.

In one aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the storage medium having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the fault throw determination method described above.

In one aspect, a computer program product is provided, which comprises instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the above-described fault throw determination method.

The technical scheme provided by the application can at least bring the following beneficial effects:

after the seismic profile of the geographic region in which the target formation is located is displayed, one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation may be displayed in the seismic profile. In this case, the technician can quickly determine the top wall breakpoint and the bottom wall breakpoint of the first fault in the target formation from the maximum positive curvature attribute point and the minimum negative curvature attribute point displayed in the seismic profile. Then, if a first selection instruction for one of the maximum positive curvature attribute points and one of the minimum negative curvature attribute points displayed is detected, a depth difference between the one of the maximum positive curvature attribute points and the one of the minimum negative curvature attribute points is taken as a fault distance of the first fault. That is to say, the technician can determine the upper disc breakpoint and the lower disc breakpoint of the first fault by selecting one maximum positive curvature attribute point and one minimum negative curvature attribute point, and the depth difference between the upper disc breakpoint and the lower disc breakpoint can be used as the fault distance of the first fault. Thus, the first fault with small fault distance and without obvious fault in the seismic section diagram can be accurately determined.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a seismic section of a first fault provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a seismic section of a second fault provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a fault according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a fault throw determination method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a first target formation in a geographic region provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a second target formation in a geographic region provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault-offset determining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a simulated seismic section provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a first seismic section provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a second seismic section provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Before explaining the embodiments of the present application in detail, an application scenario of the embodiments of the present application will be described.

In the related art, faults can be predicted and judged only through seismic data except that the faults in a very limited range around a well side can be directly identified when well drilling operation is carried out or well logging data are analyzed.

From the analysis of recognition accuracy, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a fault has two expressions on a seismic profile. The first is that when the fault distance is large, the seismic reflection event is broken on the seismic profile, as shown in fig. 1. The second is that when the fault distance is small, knee break and bending are formed on the seismic section, and the seismic reflection is continuous with the same phase axis, and no obvious fault is shown, as shown in fig. 2. In order to explore and develop petroleum and natural gas, the fault distance of the fault in the two expressions needs to be accurately measured.

Referring to fig. 3, if the fault plane is inclined, the broken disc located above the fault plane is generally referred to as an upper disc and the broken disc located below the fault plane is generally referred to as a lower disc according to the relative position relationship. Wherein, the position where the upper plate is connected with the fault plane is called an upper plate breakpoint, and the position where the lower plate is connected with the fault plane is called a lower plate breakpoint. The relative movement distance of the upper disc and the lower disc in the fault is the fault distance of the fault, namely, the distance between the upper disc breakpoint and the lower disc breakpoint in the fault is the fault distance of the fault.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a fault distance determining method according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 4, the method includes:

step 401: a seismic profile of the geographic region of the target formation is displayed.

It should be noted that the target formation refers to a formation whose fault characteristics need to be studied. The geographic region in which the target formation is located refers to the geographic region in which the target formation belongs.

The seismic profile is a structural diagram showing the topography of the subsurface earth surface by the isobath based on seismic data. The seismic profile includes seismic reflection event axes representing stratigraphic interfaces of different lithology.

Further, before step 401, a plurality of seismic profiles of the geographic area where the target formation is located may also be obtained; determining one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in each of the plurality of seismic profiles according to the depth range of the target formation; displaying a plan view of a geographical area in which a target formation is located; and displaying a first position point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target stratum and a second position point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target stratum in the plan view.

It should be noted that a plurality of seismic profiles of the geographic area of the target formation may be generated according to the seismic data of the geographic area of the target formation. And for any one of the plurality of seismic profiles, the seismic profile corresponds to a position line in the plan view of the geographic area where the target stratum is located and is used for representing the underground geological structure condition of the position line.

In addition, the curvature refers to the degree of curvature of the curve, and the greater the degree of curvature of the curve, the greater the curvature. In general, the anticline curvature is positive and the syncline curvature is negative. The maximum positive curvature property point represents where the degree of curvature is greatest in the anticline, and the minimum negative curvature property point represents where the degree of curvature is greatest in the syncline.

Furthermore, when the curvature property is applied to the stratigraphic structure interpretation, the curvature property is very effective for judging the geometrical form of the stratigraphic layer. The bending degree of different places in the stratum can be obtained through the curvature property, so that the fault can be conveniently identified.

It is noted that there may be multiple bends in the target formation, and thus the target formation may have one or more points of maximum positive curvature attribute and one or more points of minimum negative curvature attribute in a seismic profile.

Wherein, according to the depth range of the target formation, the operation of determining the corresponding one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points of the target formation in each of the plurality of seismic profiles may be: for any of the plurality of seismic profiles, one or more points of maximum positive curvature property and one or more points of minimum negative curvature property are determined from a region of the seismic profile within a depth range of the target earth formation.

It should be noted that the plan view of the geographic region where the target formation is located is a structural diagram for displaying the geographic location of the target formation.

In addition, the maximum positive curvature property point is the point where the curvature is greatest (i.e., the greatest positive value in curvature) at the anticline curve of the target formation. The minimum negative curvature property point is the point where the curvature is the smallest (i.e., the smallest negative value in curvature) at the syncline curvature of the target formation.

In the fault, the upper wall is anticline and the lower wall is syncline, so the curvature of the upper wall of the fault is positive and the curvature of the lower wall of the fault is negative. In a fault, an upper disc breakpoint is a point with the maximum bending degree in an upper disc, and a lower disc breakpoint is a point with the maximum bending degree in a lower disc, so the upper disc breakpoint is generally a maximum positive curvature attribute point, and the lower disc breakpoint is generally a minimum negative curvature attribute point.

And finally, the first position point corresponding to the maximum positive curvature attribute point in the plan view is the geographical position point corresponding to the maximum positive curvature attribute point, and the first position point is the geographical position point of the upper disc breaking point of the fault possibly existing in the target stratum. And the second position point corresponding to the minimum negative curvature attribute point in the plan view is the geographical position point corresponding to the minimum negative curvature attribute point, and the second position point is the geographical position point of a footwall breakpoint of a fault possibly existing in the target stratum.

For example, as shown in fig. 5, after displaying a plan view of the geographic region where the target formation is located, a first location point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation may be displayed in the plan view, and a second location point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation may be displayed in the plan view.

In this case, after the first location point and the second location point are displayed on the plan view of the geographic region where the target formation is located, the operation of step 401 may be: if a second selection instruction for one first position point is detected, displaying the seismic section corresponding to the first position point in the plurality of seismic section; and if a third selection instruction for the displayed second position point is detected, displaying the seismic section corresponding to the second position point in the plurality of seismic section.

It should be noted that the second selection instruction is used to instruct to display the seismic profile corresponding to the selected first location point. The second selection instruction can be triggered by a technician, and the technician can trigger the second selection instruction by operations such as click operation, voice operation, gesture operation and somatosensory operation.

In addition, the seismic profile corresponding to the one first position point refers to a seismic profile including the maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the one first position point, that is, a seismic profile that is likely to include the upper disc fracture point of the fault in the target formation.

And the third selection instruction is used for indicating and displaying the seismic section corresponding to the selected second position point. The third selection instruction may be triggered by a technician, and the technician may trigger the third selection instruction by operations such as a click operation, a voice operation, a gesture operation, and a motion sensing operation.

Finally, the seismic profile corresponding to the one second location point is the seismic profile containing the minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the one second location point, i.e., the seismic profile that is likely to contain the bottom wall breakpoint of the fault in the target formation.

Thus, after the first position point and the second position point are displayed in the plan view, the technician can quickly know the geographical position point where the fault is likely to exist according to the first position point and the second position point. Then, the technicians can quickly display the seismic section map with the possible fault by selecting the first position point or the second position point, so that the fault identification efficiency can be improved.

Step 402: one or more points of maximum positive curvature attribute and one or more points of minimum negative curvature attribute corresponding to the target formation are displayed in the seismic profile.

It should be noted that the maximum positive curvature attribute point is likely to be the position of the upper disc breakpoint of the fracture layer in the target formation, and the minimum negative curvature attribute point is likely to be the position of the lower disc breakpoint of the fracture layer in the target formation. Therefore, after the seismic profile shows one or more maximum positive curvature attribute rate points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute rate points corresponding to the target stratum, technicians can quickly identify the possible positions of the upper disc breaking point and the lower disc breaking point of the target stratum in the seismic profile, and accordingly the fracture distance of the target stratum can be conveniently identified in the follow-up process.

Step 403: if a first selection instruction for one of the displayed maximum positive curvature attribute points and one of the displayed minimum negative curvature attribute points is detected, a depth difference value between the one of the maximum positive curvature attribute points and the one of the minimum negative curvature attribute points is used as a fault distance of a first fault in the target formation.

It should be noted that the first selection instruction is used to instruct that the depth difference between the selected one maximum positive curvature property point and one minimum negative curvature property point is taken as the fault distance. The first selection instruction can be triggered by a technician, and the technician can trigger the first selection instruction through operations such as click operation, voice operation, gesture operation and somatosensory operation.

In addition, in the embodiment of the application, even if the first fault is difficult to identify due to a small fault distance, a technician can quickly determine the position of the first fault according to the maximum positive curvature attribute point and the minimum negative curvature attribute point displayed in the seismic profile, and can quickly determine the upper disc breakpoint and the lower disc breakpoint of the first fault according to the maximum positive curvature attribute point and the minimum negative curvature attribute point displayed in the seismic profile, so that the upper disc breakpoint and the lower disc breakpoint of the first fault are determined by selecting one maximum positive curvature attribute point and one minimum negative curvature attribute point, and then the depth difference between the two points can be used as the fault distance of the first fault. In this way, accurate determination of the fault distance can be achieved for the first fault which does not show obvious fault in the seismic profile.

Further, after the first location point and the second location point are displayed in the plan view of the geographic area where the target stratum is located, for other location points in the plan view except the displayed first location point and the displayed second location point, the seismic section views corresponding to each location point in the other location points in the plurality of seismic section views can be sequentially displayed according to the extending direction of the target stratum; regarding any one of the other position points, the fault distance input in the process of displaying the seismic section corresponding to the one position point is taken as the fault distance of the second fault in the target stratum, and the one position point is taken as a third position point and displayed in the plane graph.

It should be noted that the extending direction of the target formation refers to the direction of the rock formation in the target formation.

In addition, a seismic profile corresponding to a certain location point is used to represent the subsurface geological structure at that location point.

When the seismic section corresponding to each of the other position points in the plurality of seismic section maps is sequentially displayed according to the extending direction of the target stratum, one position point can be selected from the other position points at intervals of a preset distance according to the extending direction of the target stratum, and the seismic section corresponding to the position point is displayed. The preset distance may be preset according to a use requirement, for example, the preset distance may be 0.5 m, that is, according to an extending direction of the target stratum, one location point is selected every 0.5 m, and the seismic profile corresponding to the location point is displayed.

It should be noted that the second fault in the target earth formation may form a fault in the seismic profile on the seismic reflection event. That is, the second fault has a large fault distance, and the technician can directly determine its fault distance from the original seismic profile. In the embodiment of the application, in the process of displaying the seismic profile corresponding to any one of the other position points, if a technician can directly identify the second fault in the seismic profile and determine the fault distance of the second fault, the technician can input the fault distance determined by the technician as the fault distance of the second fault. In this case, since the second fault exists in the seismic profile corresponding to the one location point, which allows a technician to directly recognize the fault distance, the one location point can be displayed as the third location point in the plan view.

And finally, the third position point is a geographical position point of the second fault in the target stratum. The first position point, the second position point and the third position point may be displayed in different manners in the plan view, for example, the first position point, the second position point and the third position point may be displayed in different colors, or the first position point, the second position point and the third position point may be displayed in different line segments.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a third location point may be displayed in a plan view of the geographic region in which the target formation is located. Therefore, a technician can quickly know the existence position of the second fault in the target stratum in the plan view, and subsequent oil and gas exploration and well position deployment work are facilitated.

Furthermore, in order to distinguish a first fault and a second fault in the target stratum, the dominant frequency of the seismic data of the geographic area where the target stratum is located can be obtained; forward modeling is carried out according to a plurality of preset fault distances, the seismic data and the main frequency of the seismic data to obtain forward modeling seismic data; generating and displaying a simulated seismic profile according to the forward seismic data; and in the process of displaying the simulated seismic section, if a confirmation instruction of one preset fault distance in the plurality of preset fault distances is detected, taking the one preset fault distance as an identifiable fault distance.

Note that the dominant frequency of the seismic data refers to a frequency at a maximum point of a spectrum curve of the seismic data. For example, the seismic data of the target formation may be subjected to spectral analysis, and then the frequency at the peak in the spectral curve of the seismic data may be taken as the dominant frequency of the seismic data for the geographic region in which the target formation is located.

In addition, a plurality of preset pitches may be set in advance. For example, the plurality of preset pitches may be 15 meters, 20 meters, 30 meters, and the like, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the application.

Forward modeling refers to a mathematical modeling method for obtaining theoretical values (i.e., forward modeling data) by constructing a mathematical model based on shape, occurrence, and physical property data of a geologic body. For example, a forward modeling model may be constructed according to the preset fault distances and the seismic data, then the main frequency of the seismic data is input into the forward modeling model, and forward modeling is performed through the forward modeling model to obtain forward seismic data.

The simulated seismic profile is then based on forward seismic data and displays a tectonic map of subsurface formation relief patterns using iso-lines. The fault distances of faults present in the simulated seismic profile are the plurality of preset fault distances.

It should be noted that the confirmation instruction is used to confirm that a certain preset pitch is the minimum preset pitch that can be directly recognized by the technician. The confirmation instruction can be triggered by a technician, and the technician can trigger the confirmation instruction through operations such as click operation, voice operation, gesture operation and somatosensory operation.

In addition, in the process of displaying the simulated seismic profile, for the faults with a plurality of preset fault distances in the simulated seismic profile, a technician can determine the minimum preset fault distance from the fault distances which can be directly identified by the technician, and then trigger a confirmation instruction for the minimum preset fault distance to serve as the identifiable fault distance.

Furthermore, the recognizable step is the smallest preset step among all preset steps that the technician can directly recognize. That is, when the fault distance of a fault is larger than the identifiable fault distance, the technician can directly identify the fault distance from the seismic profile.

After the identifiable fault distances are obtained, further, to facilitate analysis of faults in the target formation by a technician, after the fault distances of the first fault and the second fault in the target formation are obtained, the fault distance of each fault in the target formation may also be displayed. Then, for any fault in the target stratum, if the fault distance of the fault is larger than or equal to the identifiable fault distance, performing first marking on the fault distance of the fault; and if the fault distance of the fault is smaller than the identifiable fault distance, performing second marking on the fault distance of the fault.

It should be noted that the first mark indicates that the fault distance of the fault can be directly seen from the seismic profile by the technician, that is, the fault distance of the fault is larger, and can be directly input by the technician. The second marker indicates that the fault distance of the fault is difficult for a technician to see from the seismic profile, i.e., the fault distance of the fault is small and can be determined by the technician from the maximum positive curvature attribute point and the minimum negative curvature attribute point. Therefore, according to the first mark and the second mark, a technician can determine the distribution situation of faults with different distances in the target stratum, and then oil and gas exploration and well location deployment can be carried out quickly.

In this embodiment, after the seismic profile of the geographic area where the target formation is located is displayed, one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation may be displayed in the seismic profile. In this case, the technician can quickly determine the upper and lower wall break points of the first fault in the target formation from the maximum positive curvature attribute point and the minimum negative curvature attribute point displayed in the seismic profile. Then, if a first selection instruction for one of the maximum positive curvature attribute points and one of the minimum negative curvature attribute points displayed is detected, a depth difference between the one of the maximum positive curvature attribute points and the one of the minimum negative curvature attribute points is taken as a fault distance of the first fault. That is, the technician can determine the upper disc breakpoint and the lower disc breakpoint of the first fault by selecting a maximum positive curvature attribute point and a minimum negative curvature attribute point, and the depth difference between the upper disc breakpoint and the lower disc breakpoint can be used as the fault distance of the first fault. Thus, the first fault with small fault distance and without obvious fault in the seismic section diagram can be accurately determined.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault-offset determining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 7, the apparatus includes:

a first display module 701, configured to display a seismic profile of a geographic area where a target formation is located;

a second display module 702, configured to display one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in the seismic profile;

a first determining module 703, configured to, when a first selection instruction for a displayed maximum positive curvature attribute point and a displayed minimum negative curvature attribute point is detected, take a depth difference between the maximum positive curvature attribute point and the minimum negative curvature attribute point as a fault distance of a first fault in the target formation.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of seismic section maps of a geographic area where a target stratum is located;

a second determining module, configured to determine, according to the depth range of the target formation, one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in each of the plurality of seismic profiles;

the third display module is used for displaying a plan view of a geographic area where the target stratum is located;

the fourth display module is used for displaying the first position point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target stratum and displaying the second position point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target stratum in the plan view;

the first display module 701 includes:

a first display sub-module for displaying a seismic profile corresponding to one first position point among the plurality of seismic profiles when a second selection instruction for the displayed one first position point is detected;

and the second display sub-module is used for displaying the seismic section corresponding to one second position point in the plurality of seismic section maps when a third selection instruction for the displayed one second position point is detected.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

the fifth display module is used for sequentially displaying the seismic section maps corresponding to each position point in the other position points in the plurality of seismic section maps according to the extending direction of the target stratum for the other position points except the displayed first position point and the second position point in the plan map;

and the sixth display module is used for regarding any one of other position points, taking the fault distance input in the process of displaying the seismic section corresponding to the position point as the fault distance of the second fault in the target stratum, and taking the position point as a third position point to be displayed in the plan view.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the main frequency of the seismic data of the geographic area where the target stratum is located;

the forward modeling module is used for performing forward modeling according to the preset fault distances, the seismic data and the main frequency of the seismic data to obtain forward seismic data;

the seventh display module is used for generating and displaying a simulated seismic section according to the forward seismic data;

and the third determining module is used for taking one preset fault distance as an identifiable fault distance if a confirmation instruction of one preset fault distance in the plurality of preset fault distances is detected in the process of displaying the simulated seismic section.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:

the eighth display module is used for displaying the fault distance of each fault in the target stratum;

the first marking module is used for marking the fault distance of one fault in the target stratum by a first marking module if the fault distance of one fault is larger than or equal to the identifiable fault distance;

and the second marking module is used for marking the fault distance of one fault for the second time if the fault distance of one fault is smaller than the identifiable fault distance.

In this embodiment, after the seismic profile of the geographic area where the target formation is located is displayed, one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation may be displayed in the seismic profile. In this case, the technician can quickly determine the top wall breakpoint and the bottom wall breakpoint of the first fault in the target formation from the maximum positive curvature attribute point and the minimum negative curvature attribute point displayed in the seismic profile. Then, if a first selection instruction for one of the maximum positive curvature attribute points and one of the minimum negative curvature attribute points displayed is detected, a depth difference between the one of the maximum positive curvature attribute points and the one of the minimum negative curvature attribute points is taken as a fault distance of the first fault. That is, the technician can determine the upper disc breakpoint and the lower disc breakpoint of the first fault by selecting a maximum positive curvature attribute point and a minimum negative curvature attribute point, and the depth difference between the upper disc breakpoint and the lower disc breakpoint can be used as the fault distance of the first fault. Thus, the first fault with small fault distance and without obvious fault in the seismic section diagram can be accurately determined.

It should be noted that: in the fault-offset determining apparatus provided in the above embodiment, when the fault-offset is determined, only the division of the above functional modules is illustrated, and in practical applications, the above function distribution may be completed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional modules, so as to complete all or part of the above described functions. In addition, the fault-offset determining apparatus provided by the above embodiment and the fault-offset determining method embodiment belong to the same concept, and specific implementation processes thereof are described in the method embodiment and are not described herein again.

In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the following detailed description will be given by means of alternative embodiments.

Step 1: and extracting the main frequency of the seismic data of the geographic area where the target stratum is located. The extracted dominant frequency is assumed to be 35 hz and the plurality of preset steps are assumed to be 5 meters, 10 meters, 15 meters, 20 meters and 30 meters. Then, forward modeling is performed according to the preset fault distances, the seismic data and the main frequency of the seismic data to obtain forward seismic data, and a simulated seismic profile shown in fig. 8 is generated according to the forward seismic data.

It can be seen from fig. 8 that when the preset pitches are 5 m, 10 m and 15 m, the fault appears as an in-phase axis twist, and it is difficult for a technician to directly recognize the pitch thereof. When the preset fault distance is 20 meters and 30 meters, the fault appears as a dislocation of the same phase axis, and the technician can directly identify the fault distance. The technician may trigger a confirmation instruction for 20 meters to treat 20 meters as an identifiable fault distance.

Step 2: as shown in fig. 5, a plan view of the geographical area where the target formation is located is displayed, a first location point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation is displayed in the plan view, and a second location point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation is displayed in the plan view.

And 3, step 3: as shown in fig. 9, a seismic profile corresponding to a first location point or a second location point in a plan view of a geographic region in which the target formation is located is displayed, and one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points (e.g., maximum positive curvature attribute point 1 shown in fig. 9) and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points (e.g., minimum negative curvature attribute point 1 shown in fig. 9) corresponding to the target formation are displayed in the seismic profile.

And 4, step 4: when a first selection instruction for a maximum positive curvature attribute point and a minimum negative curvature attribute point in the seismic profile is detected, a depth difference between the maximum positive curvature attribute point and the minimum negative curvature attribute point is taken as a fault distance of a first fault in a target stratum.

Assuming that the technician selects the maximum positive curvature attribute point 1 and the minimum negative curvature attribute point 1 in the seismic profile shown in fig. 9, and the depth difference between the maximum positive curvature attribute point 1 and the minimum negative curvature attribute point 1 is 15 meters, the fault distance of the first fault in the target formation can be determined to be 15 meters.

And 5: after the first location point and the second location point are displayed in the plan view of the geographical region where the target earth formation is located, as shown in fig. 10, the seismic sections corresponding to the location points other than the first location point and the second location point in the plan view are displayed according to the extending direction of the target earth formation.

The second fault in the target formation forms a fault in the seismic reflection event on the seismic profile shown in FIG. 10, from which the skilled person can directly identify the fault distance of the second fault. Assuming that the technician identifies a fault distance of 40 meters, the technician may input 40 meters as the fault distance of the second fault.

Step 6: and displaying the fault distance of the fault layer in the target stratum obtained in the step 4 and the step 5. For any fault in the target stratum, if the fault distance of the fault is larger than or equal to the identifiable fault distance, performing first marking on the fault distance of the fault; and if the fault distance of the fault is smaller than the identifiable fault distance, performing second marking on the fault distance of the fault.

For the first fault in the target formation shown in fig. 9, since its fault distance is 15 meters, which is less than the identifiable fault distance by 20 meters, the fault distance of the first fault is first marked. For a second fault in the target formation as shown in fig. 10, the fault distance of the second fault is marked second since its fault distance is 20 meters, which is 20 meters greater than the identifiable fault distance.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 11, the computer device may be a terminal 1100, and the terminal 1100 may be: a smart phone, a tablet computer, an MP3 player (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III, motion video Experts compression standard Audio Layer 3), an MP4 player (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV, motion video Experts compression standard Audio Layer 4), a notebook computer, or a desktop computer. Terminal 1100 may also be referred to by other names such as user equipment, portable terminal, laptop terminal, desktop terminal, and so forth.

In general, terminal 1100 includes: a processor 1101 and a memory 1102.

Processor 1101 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, or the like. The processor 1101 may be implemented in at least one hardware form of a DSP (Digital Signal Processing), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and a PLA (Programmable Logic Array). The processor 1101 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor, where the main processor is a processor for Processing data in an awake state, and is also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU); a coprocessor is a low power processor for processing data in a standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 1101 may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) that is responsible for rendering and rendering content that the display screen needs to display. In some embodiments, the processor 1101 may further include an AI (Artificial Intelligence) processor for processing computing operations related to machine learning.

Memory 1102 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. Memory 1102 can also include high-speed random access memory as well as non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory storage devices. In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium in memory 1102 is used to store at least one instruction for execution by processor 1101 to implement the fault throw determination methods provided by method embodiments herein.

In some embodiments, the terminal 1100 may further optionally include: a peripheral interface 1103 and at least one peripheral. The processor 1101, memory 1102 and peripheral interface 1103 may be connected by a bus or signal lines. Various peripheral devices may be connected to the peripheral interface 1103 by buses, signal lines, or circuit boards. Specifically, the peripheral device includes: at least one of radio frequency circuitry 1104, touch display screen 1105, camera 1106, audio circuitry 1107, positioning component 1108, and power supply 1109.

The peripheral interface 1103 may be used to connect at least one peripheral associated with I/O (Input/Output) to the processor 1101 and the memory 1102. In some embodiments, the processor 1101, memory 1102, and peripheral interface 1103 are integrated on the same chip or circuit board; in some other embodiments, any one or both of the processor 1101, the memory 1102, and the peripheral device interface 1103 may be implemented on a separate chip or circuit board, which is not limited in this application.

The Radio Frequency circuit 1104 is used to receive and transmit RF (Radio Frequency) signals, also called electromagnetic signals. The radio frequency circuit 1104 communicates with communication networks and other communication devices via electromagnetic signals. The radio frequency circuit 1104 converts an electric signal into an electromagnetic signal to transmit, or converts a received electromagnetic signal into an electric signal. Optionally, the radio frequency circuit 1104 includes: an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, an oscillator, a digital signal processor, a codec chipset, a subscriber identity module card, etc. The radio frequency circuit 1104 may communicate with other terminals via at least one wireless communication protocol. The wireless communication protocols include, but are not limited to: metropolitan area networks, various generation mobile communication networks (2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G), wireless local area networks, and/or WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) networks. In some embodiments, the rf circuit 1104 may further include NFC (Near Field Communication) related circuit, which is not limited in this application.

The display screen 1105 is used to display a UI (User Interface). The UI may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof. When the display screen 1105 is a touch display screen, the display screen 1105 also has the ability to capture touch signals on or over the surface of the display screen 1105. The touch signal may be input to the processor 1101 as a control signal for processing. At this point, the display screen 1105 may also be used to provide virtual buttons and/or a virtual keyboard, also referred to as soft buttons and/or a soft keyboard. In some embodiments, display 1105 may be one, disposed on a front panel of terminal 1100; in other embodiments, the display screens 1105 can be at least two, respectively disposed on different surfaces of the terminal 1100 or in a folded design; in still other embodiments, display 1105 can be a flexible display disposed on a curved surface or on a folded surface of terminal 1100. Even further, the display screen 1105 may be arranged in a non-rectangular irregular pattern, i.e., a shaped screen. The Display screen 1105 may be made of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode), and the like.

Camera assembly 1106 is used to capture images or video. Optionally, camera assembly 1106 includes a front camera and a rear camera. Generally, a front camera is disposed at a front panel of the terminal, and a rear camera is disposed at a rear surface of the terminal. In some embodiments, the number of the rear cameras is at least two, and each rear camera is any one of a main camera, a depth-of-field camera, a wide-angle camera and a telephoto camera, so that the main camera and the depth-of-field camera are fused to realize a background blurring function, and the main camera and the wide-angle camera are fused to realize panoramic shooting and VR (Virtual Reality) shooting functions or other fusion shooting functions. In some embodiments, camera assembly 1106 may also include a flash. The flash lamp can be a monochrome temperature flash lamp or a bicolor temperature flash lamp. The double-color-temperature flash lamp is a combination of a warm-light flash lamp and a cold-light flash lamp, and can be used for light compensation at different color temperatures.

The audio circuitry 1107 may include a microphone and a speaker. The microphone is used for collecting sound waves of a user and the environment, converting the sound waves into electric signals, and inputting the electric signals to the processor 1101 for processing or inputting the electric signals to the radio frequency circuit 1104 to achieve voice communication. For stereo capture or noise reduction purposes, multiple microphones may be provided, each at a different location of terminal 1100. The microphone may also be an array microphone or an omni-directional pick-up microphone. The speaker is used to convert electrical signals from the processor 1101 or the radio frequency circuit 1104 into sound waves. The loudspeaker can be a traditional film loudspeaker and can also be a piezoelectric ceramic loudspeaker. When the speaker is a piezoelectric ceramic speaker, the speaker can be used for purposes such as converting an electric signal into a sound wave audible to a human being, or converting an electric signal into a sound wave inaudible to a human being to measure a distance. In some embodiments, the audio circuitry 1107 may also include a headphone jack.

Positioning component 1108 is used to locate the current geographic position of terminal 1100 for purposes of navigation or LBS (Location Based Service). The Positioning component 1108 may be a Positioning component based on the united states GPS (Global Positioning System), the chinese beidou System, the russian graves System, or the european union galileo System.

Power supply 1109 is configured to provide power to various components within terminal 1100. The power supply 1109 may be alternating current, direct current, disposable or rechargeable. When the power supply 1109 includes a rechargeable battery, the rechargeable battery may support wired or wireless charging. The rechargeable battery can also be used to support fast charge technology.

In some embodiments, terminal 1100 can also include one or more sensors 1110. The one or more sensors 1110 include, but are not limited to: acceleration sensor 1111, gyro sensor 1112, pressure sensor 1113, fingerprint sensor 1114, optical sensor 1115, and proximity sensor 1116.

Acceleration sensor 1111 may detect acceleration levels in three coordinate axes of a coordinate system established with terminal 1100. For example, the acceleration sensor 1111 may be configured to detect components of the gravitational acceleration in three coordinate axes. The processor 1101 may control the touch screen 1105 to display a user interface in a lateral view or a longitudinal view according to the gravitational acceleration signal collected by the acceleration sensor 1111. The acceleration sensor 1111 may also be used for acquisition of motion data of a game or a user.

The gyro sensor 1112 may detect a body direction and a rotation angle of the terminal 1100, and the gyro sensor 1112 may cooperate with the acceleration sensor 1111 to acquire a 3D motion of the user with respect to the terminal 1100. From the data collected by gyroscope sensor 1112, processor 1101 may implement the following functions: motion sensing (such as changing the UI according to a user's tilting operation), image stabilization at the time of photographing, game control, and inertial navigation.

Pressure sensor 1113 may be disposed on a side bezel of terminal 1100 and/or on an underlying layer of touch display screen 1105. When the pressure sensor 1113 is disposed on the side frame of the terminal 1100, the holding signal of the user on the terminal 1100 can be detected, and the processor 1101 performs left-right hand recognition or shortcut operation according to the holding signal collected by the pressure sensor 1113. When the pressure sensor 1113 is disposed at the lower layer of the touch display screen 1105, the processor 1101 controls the operability control on the UI interface according to the pressure operation of the user on the touch display screen 1105. The operability control comprises at least one of a button control, a scroll bar control, an icon control and a menu control.

The fingerprint sensor 1114 is configured to collect a fingerprint of the user, and the processor 1101 identifies the user according to the fingerprint collected by the fingerprint sensor 1114, or the fingerprint sensor 1114 identifies the user according to the collected fingerprint. Upon recognizing that the user's identity is a trusted identity, the user is authorized by the processor 1101 to perform relevant sensitive operations including unlocking the screen, viewing encrypted information, downloading software, paying for and changing settings, etc. Fingerprint sensor 1114 may be disposed on the front, back, or side of terminal 1100. When a physical button or vendor Logo is provided on the terminal 1100, the fingerprint sensor 1114 may be integrated with the physical button or vendor Logo.

Optical sensor 1115 is used to collect ambient light intensity. In one embodiment, the processor 1101 may control the display brightness of the touch display screen 1105 based on the ambient light intensity collected by the optical sensor 1115. Specifically, when the ambient light intensity is high, the display brightness of the touch display screen 1105 is increased; when the ambient light intensity is low, the display brightness of the touch display screen 1105 is turned down. In another embodiment, processor 1101 may also dynamically adjust the shooting parameters of camera assembly 1106 based on the ambient light intensity collected by optical sensor 1115.

Proximity sensor 1116, also referred to as a distance sensor, is typically disposed on a front panel of terminal 1100. Proximity sensor 1116 is used to capture the distance between the user and the front face of terminal 1100. In one embodiment, the touch display screen 1105 is controlled by the processor 1101 to switch from a light screen state to a dark screen state when the proximity sensor 1116 detects that the distance between the user and the front face of the terminal 1100 is gradually decreasing; when the proximity sensor 1116 detects that the distance between the user and the front face of the terminal 1100 becomes gradually larger, the touch display screen 1105 is controlled by the processor 1101 to switch from a breath-screen state to a bright-screen state.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configuration shown in fig. 11 does not constitute a limitation of terminal 1100, and may include more or fewer components than those shown, or may combine certain components, or may employ a different arrangement of components.

In some embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, in which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the fault throw determination method provided in the embodiment of fig. 2 above. For example, the computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM (Read-Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like.

It is noted that the computer-readable storage medium referred to in the embodiments of the present application may be a non-volatile storage medium, in other words, a non-transitory storage medium.

It should be understood that all or part of the steps for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. The computer instructions may be stored in the computer-readable storage medium described above.

In some embodiments, there is also provided a computer program product containing instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the fault throw determination method provided in the embodiment of fig. 4 above.

The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (8)

1. A fault throw determination method, the method comprising:

displaying a seismic profile of a geographic region in which a target stratum is located;

displaying one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in the seismic profile;

if a first selection instruction for one displayed maximum positive curvature attribute point and one displayed minimum negative curvature attribute point is detected, taking a depth difference value between the one maximum positive curvature attribute point and the one minimum negative curvature attribute point as a fault distance of a first fault in the target stratum;

before the step of displaying the seismic section of the geographic area where the target stratum is located, the method further comprises the following steps:

acquiring a plurality of seismic section maps of a geographic area where the target stratum is located;

determining one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in each of the plurality of seismic profiles according to the depth range of the target formation;

displaying a plan view of a geographical area in which the target formation is located;

displaying a first position point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target stratum and a second position point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target stratum in the plan view, and generating a plurality of seismic section views of the geographic area where the target stratum is located according to seismic data of the geographic area where the target stratum is located, wherein for any one seismic section view in the plurality of seismic section views, the seismic section view corresponds to one position line in the plan view of the geographic area where the target stratum is located and is used for representing the underground geological structure condition of the position line;

the seismic profile for displaying the geographic area of the target formation comprises:

if a second selection instruction for the displayed first position point is detected, displaying the seismic section corresponding to the first position point in the plurality of seismic sections;

and if a third selection instruction for the displayed second position point is detected, displaying the seismic section corresponding to the second position point in the plurality of seismic section.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein after displaying in the plan view the first location point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation and the second location point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation, further comprising:

sequentially displaying the seismic section maps corresponding to each position point in the other position points in the plurality of seismic section maps according to the extending direction of the target stratum for the other position points except the displayed first position point and the second position point in the plan view;

and regarding any one of the other position points, taking the fault distance input in the process of displaying the seismic section corresponding to the one position point as the fault distance of a second fault in the target stratum, and taking the one position point as a third position point to be displayed in the plan.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method further comprises:

acquiring the main frequency of the seismic data of the geographical area where the target stratum is located;

forward modeling is carried out according to a plurality of preset fault distances, the seismic data and the main frequency of the seismic data, and forward seismic data are obtained;

generating and displaying a simulated seismic profile according to the forward seismic data;

and in the process of displaying the simulated seismic section map, if a confirmation instruction of one preset fault distance in the plurality of preset fault distances is detected, taking the preset fault distance as an identifiable fault distance.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein after the taking the depth difference between the one maximum positive curvature attribute point and the one minimum negative curvature attribute point as a fault distance of a first fault in the target formation, further comprising:

displaying the fault distance of each fault in the target stratum;

for any fault in the target stratum, if the fault distance of the fault is larger than or equal to the identifiable fault distance, performing first marking on the fault distance of the fault;

and if the fault distance of the fault is smaller than the identifiable fault distance, performing second marking on the fault distance of the fault.

5. A fault throw determination apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:

the first display module is used for displaying a seismic section of a geographic area where a target stratum is located;

a second display module for displaying one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in the seismic profile;

a first determining module, configured to, when a first selection instruction for one of the displayed maximum positive curvature attribute points and one of the displayed minimum negative curvature attribute points is detected, take a depth difference between the one of the maximum positive curvature attribute points and the one of the minimum negative curvature attribute points as a fault distance of a first fault in the target formation;

the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of seismic section maps of the geographic area where the target stratum is located;

a second determination module, configured to determine, according to the depth range of the target formation, one or more maximum positive curvature attribute points and one or more minimum negative curvature attribute points corresponding to the target formation in each of the plurality of seismic profiles;

the third display module is used for displaying a plan view of the geographic area where the target stratum is located;

a fourth display module, configured to display, in the plan view, a first position point corresponding to each maximum positive curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation, and display a second position point corresponding to each minimum negative curvature attribute point corresponding to the target formation, and generate, according to the seismic data of the geographic area where the target formation is located, multiple seismic section views of the geographic area where the target formation is located, where, for any one of the multiple seismic section views, the one seismic section view corresponds to one position line in the plan view of the geographic area where the target formation is located, and is used to represent an underground geological structure condition of the position line;

the first display module includes:

a first display sub-module for displaying a seismic profile corresponding to one of the first position points among the plurality of seismic profiles when a second selection instruction for the displayed one of the first position points is detected;

and the second display sub-module is used for displaying the seismic section map corresponding to the second position point in the plurality of seismic section maps when a third selection instruction for the displayed second position point is detected.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the apparatus further comprises:

a fifth display module, configured to sequentially display, for other location points in the plan view except the displayed first location point and the second location point, a seismic profile corresponding to each location point in the other location points in the plurality of seismic profiles according to an extending direction of the target formation;

and the sixth display module is used for regarding any one of the other position points, taking the fault distance input in the process of displaying the seismic section corresponding to the position point as the fault distance of the second fault in the target stratum, and taking the position point as a third position point to be displayed in the plan.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 or 6, wherein the apparatus further comprises:

the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the main frequency of the seismic data of the geographic area where the target stratum is located;

the forward modeling module is used for performing forward modeling according to a plurality of preset fault distances, the seismic data and the main frequency of the seismic data to obtain forward modeling seismic data;

the seventh display module is used for generating and displaying a simulated seismic profile according to the forward seismic data;

and the third determining module is used for taking one preset fault distance as an identifiable fault distance if a confirmation instruction of the preset fault distance in the plurality of preset fault distances is detected in the process of displaying the simulated seismic section.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus further comprises:

the eighth display module is used for displaying the fault distance of each fault in the target stratum;

the first marking module is used for marking the fault distance of any fault in the target stratum by a first mark if the fault distance of the fault is larger than or equal to the identifiable fault distance;

and the second marking module is used for carrying out second marking on the fault distance of the fault if the fault distance of the fault is smaller than the identifiable fault distance.

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